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Bi trc::||::Bi tip theo

23. Cc cm t ni mang tnh quan h nhn qu

23.1 Because, Because of

Sau because phi mt mnh hon chnh (c c S v V) nhng sau becauseofphi l mt danh t hoc ng danh t.

Jan was worried because it had started to rain.Jan was worried because of the rain.We arrived late because there was a traffic jam.We arrived late because of a traffic jam.

C th dng because ofthay cho on account ofv due to v ngc li. Nhngthng dng due to sau ng t to be.

The accident was due to the heavy rain.

Dng as a result of nhn mnh hu qu ca hnh ng hoc s vt, s vic.

He was blinded as a result of a terrible accident.

C th a mnh nguyn nhn ln u cu:

Because of the rain, we have cancelled the party.

23.2 So that

Trong cu trc ny ngi ta dngso thatvi ngha sao cho, cho. Sausothatphi l mt mnh hon chnh c c S v V. ng t mnh sau sothatphi li mt thi so vi thi ca ng t mnh chnh.

He studied very hard so that he could pass the test.She is sending the package early so that it will arrive in the time for hersisters birthday.Susan drove to Miami instead of flying so that she could save money.

Ch :

Phi phn bitso thattrong cu trc ny viso thatmang ngha do (therefore). Cch phn bit l thi ca ng t ng sausothatmang ngha do din bin bnh thng so vi thi ca ng t mnh ng trc.

We heard nothing from him so that we wondered if he moved

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away.

Cng cn phn bit vi cu trcso + adj/adv + thatnu phn sau.Trong ting Anh ni c th b thattrong cmso thatnhng trong

ting Anh vit khng c b that. y l by m bi thi TOEFLthng nu ra.

23.3 So v such.

Ngi ta dng cu trcso/such .... that(n ni m) theo nhiu cch s dng.

23.3.1 Dng vi tnh t v ph t:

Terry ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.Judy worked so diligently that she received an increase in salary.She is so beautiful that anyone sees her once will never forget her.The little boy looks so unhappy that we all feel sorry for him

23.3.2 Dng vi danh t m c s nhiu:

Cu trc vn lso ... thatnhng phi dng many hocfew trc danh t .

I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.The Smiths had so many children that they form their own baseball team.

23.3.3 Dng vi danh t khng m c:

Cu trc lso ... thatnhng phi dng much hoc little trc danh t .

He has invested so much money in the project that he can't abandon it now.The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.

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23.3.4 Dng vi danh t m c s t:

S + V +such + a + adjective + singular count noun+ that+ S + V

HOC

S + V +so + adjective + a + singular count noun+ that+ S + V

It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors.It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.It was such an interesting book that he couldnt put it down.It was so interesting a book that he couldnt put it down.

23.3.5 Dng such trc tnh t + danh t:

They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.

Lu : KHNG c dng so trong trng hp ny.

23.4 Mt s cm t ni khc:

23.4.1 Even if + negative verb: cho d.

You must go tomorrow even if you aren't ready.

23.4.2 Whether or not+positive verb: d chay khng.

You must go tomorrow whether or not you are ready.

23.4.3 Cc t nghi vn ng u cu dng lmt ni

ng t theo sau mnh m u phi chia ngi th 3 s t.Whether he goes out tonight depends on his girldfriend.Why these pupils can not solve this problems makes the teachers

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I used a computer, otherwise I would have taken longer with thesecalculations (But he didn't take any longer).*Lu : Trong ting Anh thng tc (colloquial English) ngi ta dng orelse thay th cho otherwise.

23.4.9 Provided/Providing that: Vi iu kinl, min l ( = as long as)

You can camp here providing that you leave no mess.

23.4.10 Suppose/Supposing = What ... if: Gis .... th sao, Nu ..... th sao.

Suppose the plane is late? = What (will happen) if the plane is late?Lu :

* Suppose cn c th c dng a ra li gi .Suppose you ask him = Why don't you ask him.

* Lu thnh ng: What if I am?: Tao th th sao no? (mang tnh thchthc)

23.4.11 If only + S + simple present/will +verb = hope that: hi vng rng

If only he comes in time.If only he will learn harder for the test next month.

23.4.12 If only + S + simple past/past perfect=wish that (Cu /k khng thc = gi m)

If only he came in time now.If only she had studied harder for that test

23.4.13 If only + S + would + V:

+ Din t mt hnh ng khng th xy ra hin tiIf only he would drive more slowly = we wish he drove more slowly.

+ Din t mt c mun v vng v tng lai:If only it would stop raining.

23.4.14 Immediately = as soon as = themoment (that) = the instant that =directly: ngay lp tc/ ngay khi m

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Tell me immediatly (=as soon as) you have any news.Phone me the moment that you get the results.I love you the instant (that) I saw you.Directly I walked in the door I smelt smoke.

Bi trc::||::Bi tip theo

van phong pham

31. Li ni bao hm (inclusive) l li ni gp hai trong cu lm mt thng qua mt s cc cm t. Hai thnhphn trong cu phi tng ng nhau v mt t loi: danh t vi danh t, tnh tvi tnh t, ...

31.1 Not only ..... but also (khng nhng ... m cn)

Robert is not only talented but also handsome. (adjective-adjective)He writes not only correctly but also neatly. (adverb-adverb)She can play not only the guitar but also the violin. (noun-noun)She not only plays the piano but also composes music. (verb-verb)

Thnh phn sau but also thng quyt nh thnh phn sau not only.

Incorrect: He is not only famous in Italy but also in Switzerland.Correct: He is famous not only in Italy but also in Switzerland.

31.2 As well as (va ... va ...)

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Cng ging nh cu trc trn, cc thnh phn ng trc v ng sau cm t nyphi tng ng vi nhau.

Robert is talented as well as handsome. (adjective-adjective)He writes correctly as well as neatly. (adverb-adverb)She plays the guitar as well as the violin. (noun-noun)Paul plays the piano as well as composes music. (verb-verb)

Khng c nhm thnh ng ny vi as well as ca hin tng ng ch ng mangngha cng vi.

The teacher, as well as her students, is going to the concert.My cousins, as well as Tim, have a test tomorrow.

31.3 Both ..... and... (va ... va)

Cng thc dng ging ht nhNot only .... but also. Both ch c dng vi and,khng c dng vi as well as.

Robert is both talented and handsome.Paul both plays the piano and composes music.

Bi trc::||::Bi tip theo

van phong pham

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