Di chuyn / lit k cc tp tinpwd hin ln tn th mc ang lm vic vi

cd di chuyn sang th mc /home/ngi_dng

cd ~/Desktop di chuyn sang th mc /home/ngi_dng/Desktop

cd .. di chuyn sang th mc cha (ngay trn th mc hin hnh)

cd /usr/apt di chuyn sang th mc /usr/apt

ls -l Thmcdir -l Thmc

lit k danh mc tp tin trong th mc Thmc mt cch chi tit

ls -a dir -a

lit k tt c cc tp tin, k c cc tp tin n (thng c tn bt u bng mt du chm)

ls -ddir -d

lit k tn cc th mc nm trong th mc hin hnh

ls -tdir -d

xp li cc tp tin theo ngy to ra, bt u bng nhng tp tin mi nht

ls -Sdir -S

xp li cc tp tin theo kch thc, t to nht n nh nht

ls -l | more lit k theo tng trang mt, nh tin ch more

Quyn truy cp tp tinchown tnngidng file xc nh ngi ch ca tp tin file l

ngi dng mang tn tnngidng

chown -R tnngidng thmc

xc nh ngi ch ca th mc thmc, k c cc th mc con (-R) l ngi dng tnngidng

chgrp nhm file chuyn tp tin file thnh s hu ca nhm ngi dng mang tn nhm

chmod u+x file giao (+) quyn thc hin (x) tp tin file cho ngi dng (u)

chmod g-w file rt (-) quyn ghi (w) file ca nhm (g)

chmod o-r file rt (-) quyn c (r) tp tin file ca nhng ngi dng khc (o)

chmod a+rw file giao (+) quyn c (r) v ghi (w) file cho mi ngi (a)

chmod -R a+rx thmc giao (+) quyn c (r) v vo bn trong th mc (x) thmc, k c tt c cc th mc con ca n (-R), cho tt c mi ngi (a)

Qun l cc tp tinTp tin v th mc

cp file1 file2 chp file1 sang file2

cp file /thmc chp file vo th mc thmc

cp -r thmc1 thmc2rsync -a thmc1 thmc2

chp ton b ni dung ca th mc thmc1 sang th mc thmc2

mv file1 file2 chuyn tn tp tin file1 thnh tn file2

mv thmc1 thmc2 chuyn tn thmc1 thnh thmc2

mv file thmc chuyn tp tin file vo th mc thmc

mv file1 thmc/file2 chuyn file1 vo th mc thmc ng thi i tn tp tin thnh file2

mkdir thmc to ra th mc thmc

mkdir -p thmc1/thmc2 to ra th mc cha thmc1 v th mc con thmc2 cng lc

rm file xa b tp tin file trong th mc hin hnh

rmdir thmc xa b th mc trng mang tn thmc

rm -rf thmc xa b th mc mang tn thmc vi tt c cc tp tin trong (force)

ln -s file linkt to ra mt lin kt mang tn linkt n tp tin file (ni tt)

find thmc -name file tm tp tin mang tn file trong th mc thmc k c trong cc th mc con

diff file1 file2 so snh ni dung ca 2 tp tin hoc ca 2 th mc

T ghi nh

ubuntuGNU / Linux

Bn gc : 08/2006Bn dch : 01/2007

Ni dung cc tp tincat file xut hin ni dung ca tp tin file trn mn

hnh dng m ASCII

more file xut hin ni dung ca tp tin file trn mn hnh theo ch tng trang mt : n phm Enter xung 1 dng ; n phm Space sang thm 1 trang ; n phm q thot.

less file less ging nh more , nhng cho php dng phm [Page Down]

head -n file xut hin s n dng u tin ca tp tin file

tail -n file xut hin s n dng cui cng ca file

vi file son tp tin file dng trnh son vi

nano file son tp tin file dng trnh son nano

gedit file son tp tin file dng trnh son gedit

grep chui file xut hin cc dng cha ni dung chui trong tp tin file

grep -r chui thmc

tm ni dung chui trong tt c cc tp tin trong th mc mang tn thmc

lnh > file ghi kt qu ca lnh lnh trong tp tin file

lnh >> file b sung kt qu ca lnh lnh phn cui ca tp tin file

Nn v gii nn tp tintar xvf archive.tar gii phng cc tp tin c trong tp tin

archive.tar , ng thi hin th cc tn tp tin

tar xvfz archive.tar.gz gii nn cc tp tin c trong tp tin archive.tar.gz dng gzip v tar

tar jxvf archive.tar.bz2 gii nn cc tp tin c trong tp tin archive.tar.bz2 dng bzip v tar

tar cvf archive.tar file1 file2

to ra mt tp tin archive.tar cha cc tp tin file1, file2

tar cvfz archive.tar.gz thmc

to mt tp tin archive.tar.gz dng gzip cha ton b th mc thmc

gzip file.txt to tp tin nn file.txt.gz

gunzip file.txt.gz gii nn tp tin file.txt

bzip2 file.txt to tp tin nn file.txt.bz2

bunzip2 file.txt.bz2 gii nn tp tin file.txt

Qun tr h thngC bn

sudo command thc hin lnh command vi t cch ngi siu dng (root)

gksudo command ging vi sudo nhng dng cho cc ng dng ho

sudo -k chm dt ch dng lnh c chc nng ca ngi siu dng

uname -r cho bit phin bn ca nhn Linux

shutdown -h now khi ng li my tnh ngay lp tc

lsusblspci

lit k cc thit b usb hoc pci c mt trong my tnh

time command cho bit thi gian cn thit thc hin xong lnh command

command1 | command2 chuyn kt qu ca lnh command1 lm u vo ca lnh command2

clear xo mn hnh ca ca s Thit b cui (terminal)

Tin trnh (Processus)ps -ef hin th tt c cc tin trnh c thc hin

(pid et ppid)

ps aux hin th chi tit cc tin trnh

ps aux | grep soft hin th cc tin trnh lin quan n chng khi ng soft

kill pid bo chm dt tin trnh mang s pid

kill -9 pid yu cu h thng chm dt tin trnh pid

xkill chm dt mt ng dng theo dng ho (n chut vo ca s ca ng dng)

T ghi nh

ubuntuGNU / Linux

Bn gc : 08/2006Bn dch : 01/2007

Gi phn mm/etc/apt/sources.list tp tin xc nh ngun cc kho phn

mm ti xung nhm ci mi hoc cp nht h thng

apt-get update cp nht danh sch cc gi phn mm cn c vo cc kho phn mm c trong tp tin sources.list

apt-get upgrade cp nht cc gi phn mm ci ri

apt-get dist-upgrade nng cp phin bn Ubuntu ang c n phin bn mi tip theo

apt-get install soft ci phn mm soft ng thi gii quyt cc gi phn mm ph thuc

apt-get remove soft loi b phn mm soft cng nh tt c cc gi phn mm trc thuc

apt-get remove --purge soft loi b phn mm soft k c tp tin cu hnh ca phn mm soft

apt-get autoclean xo b cc bn sao chp ca nhng gi phn mm b loi b

apt-cache dumpavail hin th danh sch cc gi phn mm ang c

apt-cache search soft cho bit danh sch cc gi phn mm c tn, hoc c phn m t, cha chui soft

apt-cache show soft hin th phn m t ca gi phn mm soft

apt-cache showpkg soft hin th cc thng tin ca gi phn mm soft

apt-cache depends soft lit k cc gi phn mm cn thit cho gi phn mm soft

apt-cache rdepends soft lit k cc gi phn mm cn n gi phn mm soft

apt-file update cp nht thng tin cn c vo danh sch ngun phn mm trong tp tin sources.list

apt-file search file xc nh tp tin file thuc gi phn mm no

apt-file list soft lit k cc tp tin c trong gi phn mm soft

deborphan lit k cc gi phn mm m ci

alien -di paquet.rpm chuyn phn mm paquet.rpm thnh gi phn mm dng Debian paquet.deb (-d) v thc hin ci t lun (-i)

dpkg -i paquet.deb ci t phn mm paquet.deb (khng

gii quyt cc gi ph thuc)

dpkg -c paquet.deb lit k ni dung ca gi paquet.deb

dpkg -I paquet.deb hin th thng tin ca gi paquet.deb

Ch : cn ci cc gi phn mm apt-file, alien v deborphan nu mun dng chng.

Mng my tnh/etc/network/interfaces thng tin cu hnh ca cc b phn

giao din (interfaces)

uname -a hin th tn ca my tnh trong mng (hostname)

ping a chIP th ni mng n my c a ch IP

ifconfig -a hin th thng tin v tt c cc giao din mng ang c

ifconfig eth0 a chIP xc nh a ch IP cho giao din cc mng eth0

ifdown eth0ifconfig eth0 down

ngng hot ng giao din cc mng eth0

ifup eth0ifconfig eth0 up

kch hot giao din cc mng eth0

poweroff -i ngng hot ng tt c cc ni mng

route add default gw a ch IP

xc nh a ch IP ca my lm cng dn n bn ngoi mng cc b

route del default b a ch IP mc nh ra khi mng cc b

Phn vng cng/etc/fstab cha cc thng tin v cc cng v h

thng tp tin c gn t dng

fdisk -l hin th cc phn vng tch cc

mkdir /media/diskusb to th mc gn h thng tp tin ca thit b diskusb

mount /media/cleusb gn h thng tp tin diskusb

umount /media/cleusb tch ra h thng tp tin diskusb

mount -amount -a -o remount

gn, tch ra hoc gn li tt c cc /thit b c trong tp tin /etc/fstab

fdisk /dev/hda1 to mi v b phn vng trn cng IDE th nht

mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1 to mt h thng tp tin ext3 trn phn vng /dev/hda1

mkfs.vfat /dev/hda1 to mt h thng tp tin fat32 trn phn vng /dev/hda1