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7/29/2019 cch xc nh danh php hp cht hu c

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Xc nh danh php hp cht hu c

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DANH PHP HP CHT HU C

I. Kin thc trng tm1. Phn loi danh php:

+ Tn thng thng

+ Tn gc - chc.+ Tn thay th.Tn gc - chc v thay th thuc tn h thng

2. Nh tn mch cacbon chnhmet / et / prop / but / pen / hex / hep / oct / non / dec

3. Tn mt s gc in hnhCH3 - : metyl

C2H5 - : etyl

CH3-CH2-CH2 - : propyl

(CH3)2CH- : isopropyl

C6H

5- : phenyl

C6H5CH2- : benzyl

CH2=CH- : vinylCH2=CH-CH2- : anlyl

4. Tn mt s chcan, en, in, ol, al, an, oic, amin

II. Phng php gi tn cc hp cht.1. Cch gi tn thay th :

Tn phn th

(km s ch v tr) Tn mch chnh

Tn phn chc

(km s ch v tr)

2. Cch chn mch chnh v nh s : - C nhm chc - di nht - cha nhiu nhnh.- nhs utin : chc - nhnh sao cho tng s ch mch nhnh l nh nht

- Chn mch chnh : l mch cacbon di nht v cha nhiu nhm chc hoc chalin kit C=C hoc C=C- nh s trn mch chnh t: ( u tin theo th t)

cc bon ca nhm chc ( nu nhm chc c cacbon)====> u gn pha lin kt

C=C hay C C ====> u gn nhnh( nu khng c nhm chc v khng clin kt C=C;v C=C.

- Gi tn theo trt t sau

[s + tn nhnh + t gc + s + vn cui ]

S : s ch ca v tr nhnhTn nhnh : tn gc hidrocacbon ; cc nhnh thng dng : -- CH3 : Metyl

; --CH2CH3 : Etyl ; --CH2CH2CH3 :Propyl

Dng di,tri,tetra... cho 2,3,4.... nhnh ging nhau.


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Nu nhiu nhnh ging nhau th tn nhnh no c mu tu ng trc

trong dy A,B,C.... th u tin c trc

Tgc : ng vi slng cacbon ca mch chnh

Met (1C) Et (2C) Prop (3C) But (4C) Pent (5C) Hex (6C)

Hept (7C) Oct (8C) Non (9C) Dec (10C)

3. Cch xc nh nhanh tn gc - chc hay tn thay th ng:- Gc chc :

+ Thng c ui : yl, ic+ Cc tn gc v chc vit cch nhau.

- Tn thay th :+ Thng c ui an, al, ol, oic ... v c cc s ch.+ Cc tn thnh phn c vit lin nhau.

Vd:Tn gc - chc Tn thay th

CH3Cl : metyl clorua clometan

CH2=CH-CH2-Cl anlyl clorua 2-clopropen

CH3CHClCH3 isopropyl clorua 2-clopropan

CH3CH(CH3)CH2OH isobutylic 2-metylpropanol

Ch : nu mch vng th thm XICLO c trc t gc ch s C ca vng.

o Gia s v ch c gch ni (-)o

NhmOH trong hp cht hu c nu khng c nhm chc khcth c l OL, nhng nu c nhiu chc th c l: Hidroxi.

o Nu cc nhnh khc loi th c theo th t: Halogen, nitr,amin, ankyl......

VD:

4. Cch gi tn amin :- Lun c vit lin nhau.- Tn thay th :

+ Chn mch chnh di nht c cha N.+ Nu phn th lin kt vi N th c N- trc tn gc.

Vd :

CH3NH2 metylamin metanamin

CH3NHCH2CH3 etylmetylamin N-metyletan-1-amin

CH3-CH(NH2)-CH3 isopropylamin propan-2-amin


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5. AREN

a) nh s trn nhn: tnhnh n gin nht( hay hp vi nhn ben zen mtcch thng dng), nh s sao cho cc s phi l nh nht.

b)

Cch gi tn : S + V TR NHNH + TN NHNH + BENZEN(hay tn AREN thng dng)

III) Cch c tn theo gc chc :

a) Mt s gc thng gp:

gc iso propyl Tert-butyl

Sec-butyl Neo-pentyl

b) Gc khng no:CH2=CH- : vinyl ; CH2=CH-CH2-- : Alyl ; CH3CH=CH- : Propenyl ;

iso-propenyl;

CH CH: axetilen

c) Gc thmC6H5- : Phenyl ; C6H5CH2-- : Benzyl ; CH3C6H4--: p-tolyl

Mt s v d:

C6H5-CH2-CH3 : Etyl bezen ; CH3-C C-CH2-CH3 : ( Etyl metyl axetilen )

Ch :

i vi ancol c theo cng thc : [ ancol + Tn gc +ic ]V d : CH3-OH: ancol metylic; C6H5-CH2-OH: Ancol benzylic

i vi axit khng c tn gc chc tn s c c theo lch s gn lin i vi andehit c theo cng thc : [ andehit + tn axit c mch C tng

ng ]

gi tn ete ( ROR) v xeton (RCOR) Theo cng thc : [ tnR,R+ete hoc xeton ]

gi tn este ( RCOOR ) Theo cng thc : [ tn gc ( R-- ) ca ru+ tn gc ( RCOO--) ca axit hu c ( i uiic thnh ui AT) ]


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BI TP DANH PHP HP CHT HU C

Phn I :1 . c tn cc hp cht sau :

a) O = CH-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH=CH-CH=O :b) CH3-(CH2)-COOH : ( tn thng thng axit caproic):c) CH3-CH(OH)-COOH:d) HCOOH :( tn thng thng axit fomic): e) CH2=CH2-COOH :( tn thng thng axit acrylic):f) CH2=C(CH3)-COOH: ( tn thng thng axit metaacrylic):g) CH2(OH)-CHO:h) HOOC-COOH: tn thng thng (axit oxalic ):i) CH3-C(=O)-CH3:

j) CH2(-OH)-CH2(OH)-CH2(OH): (glixerol) :k) CH3-CH(OH)-CH(CH3)-COOH:

Phn II: trc nghimCu 1. Ankan X c cng thc cu to :

Tn gi ca X l

A. 2isopropylbutan B. 3isopropylbutan

C. 2,3imetylpentan D. 3,4imetylpentan

Cu 2 : Hp cht CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH=CH2 c tn gi l

A. 3,4imetylpent1en B. 2,3imetylpent4en

C. 3,4imetylpent2en D. 2,3imetylpent1en

Cu 3 :Trng hp no sau y c cng thc cu to khngng vi tn gi cho ?

Isopentan 3-etyl-2-metylpentan

neopentan 3,3-ietylpentan

CH3CHCH2CH2CH3 CH3CHCHCH2CH3

CH3CHCH3CH3CH2CHCH2CH3

CH3

CH2CH3

CH3

CH3

CH3

CH3

CH3

A. B.

D.C.

Cu 4 : Hp cht hu c X c cng thc C4H9Br. un hn hp gm X, KOH vancol etylic thy ch to ra but1en. Tn gi ca X l

A. 1brombutan B. 2brombutan

C. 1brom2metylpropan D. 2brom2metylpropan


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Cu 5 : Hp cht hu c X c cng thc cu to : CH2=CHOCOCH3. Tn gi ca X l

A. metyl acrylat B. vinyl axetat

C. vinyl fomat D. anlyl fomat

Cu 6 : Amin (CH3)2CH-NH-CH3 c tn gi l

A. N-metylpropan-2-amin B. N-metylisopropylamin

C. metylpropylamin D. N-metyl-2-metyletanamin

Cu 7 : Amin CH3-NH-C2H5 c tn gi gc - chc l

A. propan-2-amin B. etyl metyl amin

C. metyletylamin D. etylmetylamin

Cu 8 : Tn gi no sau y khngng vi cht c cng thc CH3CH(NH2)COOH?

A. axit 2-aminopropanoic B. axit -aminopropionic

C. axit -aminopropanoic D. alanin

Cu 9 : Tn thay th ca cht c cu to CH3CHClCH3 lA. 2-clopropan B. propyl cloruaC. propylclorua D. 2-clo propan

Cu 10: Tn gi ca C6H5-NH-CH3 l

A. metylphenylamin. B.N-metylanilin.C.N-metylbenzenamin. D. c A, B, Cu ng.

Cu 11 : Tn gi ca cht CH3CHCHCH3 l

C2H5 CH3

A. 2-etyl-3-metylbutan. B. 3-etyl-2-metylbutan.

C. 2,3-imetylpentan. D. 2,3-imetylbutan.Cu 12 : Tn gi ca cht hu c X c CTCT :

2 5

3 2 2 3

3 3

C H

|

|

CH

CH C CH CH CH CH|

CH

L :

A. 2-metyl-2,4-ietylhexan C. 5-etyl-3,3-imetylheptan

B. 2,4-ietyl-2-metylhexan D. 3-etyl-5,5-imetylheptanCu 13 : Trong cc cht di y, cht no c gi tn l ivinyl ?

A. CH2 = C = CH-CH3 B. CH2 = CH-CH = CH2

C. CH2-CH-CH2 -CH = CH2 D. CH2 = CH - CH = CH - CH3

Cu 14 : Cht

3

3

3

CH

|

CH C C CH

|

CH

c tn l g ?

A. 2,2-imetylbut-1-in B. 2,2-imeylbut-3-inC. 3,3-imeylbut-1-in D. 3,3-imeylbut-2-in


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Cu 15 :

Cht c tn gi l ?

A. 1-butyl-3-metyl-4-etylbenzen. B. 1-butyl-4-etyl-3-metylbenzen.

C. 1-etyl-2-metyl-4-butylbenzen. D. 4-butyl-1-etyl-2-metylbenzen.

Cu 16 : Cht3 2

3

CH CH CH COOH|

CH

c tn l :

A. Axit 2-metylpropanoic B. Axit 2-metylbutanoic

C. Axit 3-metylbuta-1-oic D. Axit 3-metylbutanoic.

Cu 17 : Gi tn hp cht c CTCT nh sau theo danh php thay th ?

2 2

3

OHC -CH - CH -CH -CH = CH - CHO

|

CH

A. 5-metylhep-2-en-1,7-dial B. iso-octen-5-dial

C. 3-metylhep-5-en-1,7-dial D. iso-octen-2-dial

Cu 18 : Gi tn hp cht c CTCT nh sau theo danh php thay th :

3 2

2 5 2 5

CH - CH CH - CH - COOH

| |

C H C H

A. 2,4-ietylpentanoic B. 2-metyl-4-etylhexanoic

C. 2-etyl-4-metylhexanoic D. 4-metyl-2-etylhexanoic

Cu 19 : Gi tn hp cht c CTCT nh sau theo danh php gc chc.

3 2 2 2 2 3

3

CH CH CH CH N CH CH

|CH

A. Etylmetylaminobutan C. butyletylmetylamin

B. etylmetylbutylamin D. metyletylbutylamin

Cu 20 : Gi tn hp cht c CTCT nh sau theo danh php thng thng :

A. 1-amino-3-metyl benzen. C. m-toludin.

CH2 CH3

CH2

CH2CH2

CH3

CH3


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B. m-metylanilin. D. C B, C.

P N BI TP CNG THC CU TO V DANH PHP HPCHT HU C

1C. 2A 3A 4A 5B 6A 7D 8C 9A 10D 11C

12C. 13B 14C 15C 16D 17A 18C 19C 20D

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