cad nâng cao.pdf

TRUNG TM M THUT A PHNG TIN VIET-GRAPHICS MULTIMEDIA

BIN SON : FUTURE DESIGNER PHONE:01222249995 Page 1

AutoCAD Command

Ph

m

Tt Tn Lnh mc ch

1. 3A 3DARRAY To ra 1 mng 3 chiu ty chn

2. 3DO 3DORBIT

3. 3F 3DFACE To ra 1 mng 3 chiu

4. 3P 3DPOLY To ra 1 a tuyn bao gm cc on thng trong khng

gian 3 chiu

A

5. A ARC V cung trn

6. ADC ADCENTER

7. AA AREA Tnh din tch v chu vi 1 i tng hay vng c xc

nh

8. AL ALIGN Di chuyn v quay cc i tng cn chnh cc i t-ng khc bng cch s dng 1, 2 hoc 3 tp hp im

9. AP APPLOAD a ra hp thoi ti v hy ti AutoLisp ADS v cc

trnh ng dng ARX

10. AR ARRAY To ra nhiu bn sao cc i tng c chn

11. ATT ATTDEF To ra 1 nh ngha thuc tnh

12. -

ATT -ATTDEF To cc thuc tnh ca Block

13. ATE ATTEDIT Hiu chnh thuc tnh ca Block

B

14. B BLOCK To Block

15. BO BOUNDARY To a tuyn kn

16. BR BREAK Xn 1 phn on thng gia 2 im chn

C

17. C CIRCLE V ng trn bng nhiu cch

18. CH PROPERTIES Hiu chnh thng s k thut

19. -CH CHANGE Hiu chnh text, thay i R, D

20. CHA ChaMFER Vt mp cc cnh

21. COL COLOR Xc lp mu dnh cho cc i tng c v theo trnh

t

22. CO,

cp COPY Sao chp i tng



D

23. D DIMSTYLE To ra v chnh sa kch thc dng lnh

24. DAL DIMALIGNE

D Ghi kch thc thng c th cn chnh c

25. DAN DIMANGULA

R Ghi kch thc gc

26. DBA DIMBASELIN

E

Tip tc 1 kch thc on thng, gc t ng nn ca kch thc c chn

27. DCE DIMCENTER To ra 1 im tm hoc ng trn xuyn tm ca cc

cung trn v ng trn

28. to DCO

DIMCONTIN

UE

Tip tc 1 ng thng, 1 gc t ng m rng th 2 ca kch thc trc y hoc kch thc c chn

29. DDI DIMDIAMET

ER Ghi kch thc ng knh

30. DED DIMEDIT Chnh sa kch thc

31. DI DIST o khong cch v gc gia 2 im

32. DIV DIVIDE t mi 1 i tng im v cc khi dc theo chiu di

hoc chu vi i tng

33. DLI DIMLINEAR To ra kch thc thng ng hay nm ngang

34. DO DONUT V cc ng trn hay cung trn c t dy hay l v

hnh vnh khn

35. DOR DIMORDINA

TE To ra kch thc im gc

36. DOV DIMOVERRI

DE Vit chng ln cc tuyn h thng kch thc

37. DR DRAWORDE

R Thay i ch hin th cc i tng v hnh nh

38. DRA DIMRADIUS To ra kch thc bn knh

39. DS DSETTINGS Hin th DraffSetting t ch cho Snap end Grid,

Polar tracking

40. DT DTEXT V cc mc vn bn(hin th vn bn trn mn hnh

ging nh l n ang nhp vo)

41. DV DVIEW Xc lp php chiu song song hoc cc ch xem

cnh

E

42. E ERASE Xo i tng

43. ED DDEDIT a ra hp thoi t c th chnh sa ni dung vn

bn ; nh ngha cc thuc tnh

44. EL ELLIPSE V elip



45. EX EXTEND Ko di i tng

46. EXI

T QUIT Thot khi chng trnh

47. EXP EXPORT Lu bn v sang dng file khc (*.wmf...)

48. EXT EXTRUDE To ra vt th rn bng cch n xut i tng 2 chiu

ang c

49. F FILLET Ni hai i tng bng cung trn

50. FI FILTER a ra hp thoi t c th a ra danh sch chn

i tng da trn thuc tnh ca n

G

51. G GROUP a ra hp thoi t c th to ra mt tp hp cc i

tng c t tn

52. -G -GROUP Chnh sa tp hp cc i tng

53. GR DDGRIPS Hin th hp thoi qua c th cho cc hot ng v

xc lp mu cng nh kch c ca chng

54. H BHATCH T vt liu

55. -H -HATCH nh ngha kiu t mt ct khc

56. HE HATCHEDIT Hiu chnh ca t vt liu

57. HI HIDE To li m hnh 3D vi cc ng b khut

I

58. I INSERT Chn mt khi c t tn hoc bn v vo bn v hin

hnh

59. -I -INSERT Chnh sa khi c chn

60. IAD IMAGEADJU

ST

M ra hp thoi iu khin sng tng phn, c ca hnh nh trong c s d liu bn v

61. IAT IMAGEATTA

CH M hp thoi ch ra tn ca hnh nh cng nh tham s

62. ICL IMAGECLIP To ra 1 ng bin dnh cho cc i tng hnh nh n

63. IM IMAGE Chn hnh nh cc dng khc vo 1 file bn v AutoCad

64. -IM -IMAGE Hiu chnh hnh nh chn

65. IMP IMPORT Hin th hp thoi cho php nhp cc dng file khc

vo AutoCad

66. IN INTERSECT To ra cc c th tng hp hoc vng tng hp t phn

giao ca 2 hay nhiu c th

67. INF INTERFERE Tm phn giao ca 2 hay nhiu c th v to ra 1 c th

tng hp t th tch chung ca chng

68. IO INSERTOBJ Chn 1 i tng lin kt hoc nhng vo AutoCad



L

69. L LINE V ng thng

70. LA LAYER To lpv cc thuc tnh

71. -LA -LAYER Hiu chnh thuc tnh ca layer

72. LE LEADER To ra 1 ng kt ni cc dng ch thch cho mt

thuc tnh

73. LEN LENGTHEN Thay i chiu di ca 1 i tng v cc gc cng nh

cung c cha trong

74. Ls,LI LIST Hin th thng tin c s d liu cho cc i tng c

chn

75. Lw LWEIGHT Khai bo hay thay i chiu dy nt v

76. LO -LAYOUT

77. LT LINETYPE Hin th hp thoi to v xc lp cc kiu ng

78. LTS LTSCALE Xc lp tha s t l kiu ng

M

79. M MOVE Di chuyn i tng c chn

80. MA MATCHPROP Sao chp cc thuc tnh t 1 i tng ny sang 1 hay

nhiu i tng khc

81. ME MEASURE t cc i tng im hoc cc khi ti cc mc o

trn mt i tng

82. MI MIRROR To nh ca i tng

83. ML MLINE To ra cc ng song song

84. MO PROPERTIES Hiu chnh cc thuc tnh

85. MS MSPACE Hon chuyn t khng gian giy sang cng xem khng

gian m hnh

86. MT MTEXT To ra 1 on vn bn

87. MV MVIEW To ra cc cng xem di ng v bt cc cng xem di

ng ang c

O

88. O OFFSET V cc ng thng song song, ng trn ng tm

89. OP OPTIONS M menu chnh

90. OS OSNAP Hin th hp thoi cho php xc lp cc ch truy

chp i tng ang chy

P

91. P PAN Di chuyn c bn v

92. -P -PAN Di chuyn c bn v t im 1 sang im th 2

93. PA PASTESPEC Chn d liu t Window Clip-board v iu khin



dng thc ca d liu;s dng OLE

94. PE PEDIT Chnh sa cc a tuyn v cc mng li a tuyn 3

chiu

95. PL PLINE V a tuyn ng thng, trn

96. PO POINT V im

97. POL POLYGON V a gic u khp kn

98. PRO

PS PROPERTIES Hin th menu thuc tnh

99. PRE PREVIEW Hin th ch xem 1 bn v trc khi a ra in

100. PRI

NT PLOT

a ra hp thoi t c th v 1 bn v bng my v, my in hoc file

101. PS PSPACE Hon chuyn t cng xem khng gian m hnh sang

khng gian giy

102. PU PURGE Xo b cc tham chiu khng cn dng ra khi c s

d liu

R

103. R REDRAW Lm ti li mn hnh ca cng xem hin hnh

104. RA REDRAWAL

L Lm ti li mn hnh ca tt c cc cng xem

105. RE REGEN To li bn v v cc cng xem hin hnh

106. REA REGENALL To li bn v v lm sng li tt c cc cng xem

107. REC RECTANGLE V hnh ch nht

108. REG REGION To ra 1 i tng vng t 1 tp hp cc i tng ang

c

109. REN RENAME Thay i tn cc i tung c cha cc khi, cc kiu kch thc, cc lp, kiu ng,kiu UCS,view v cng

xem

110. REV REVOLVE To ra 1 c th bng cch quay 1 i tng 2 chiu

quanh 1 trc

111. RM DDRMODES a ra hp thoi qua c th xc lp cc tr gip bn

v nh Ortho, Grid, Snap

112. RO ROTATE Xoay cc i tng c chn xung quanh 1 im nn

113. RPR RPREF Hin th hp thoi cho php xc lp cc tham chiu t

bng

114. RR RENDER Hin th hp thoi t to ra hnh nh c t bng, hin thc trong khung 3D hoc trong m hnh c th

S

115. S StrETCH Di chuyn hoc cn chnh i tng

116. SC SCALE Phng to, thu nh theo t l



117. SCR SCRIPT Thc hin 1 chui cc lnht 1 Script

118. SEC SECTION S dng mt giao ca 1 mt phng v cc c th nhm

to ra 1 vng

119. SET SETVAR Lit k tt c cc gi tr thay i ca bin h thng

120. SHA SHADE Hin th hnh nh phng ca bn v trong cng xem

hin hnh

121. SL SLICE Cc lp 1 tp hp cc c th bng 1 mt phng

122. SN SNAP Hn ch s di chuyn ca 2 si tc theo nhng mc -

c ch nh

123. SO SOLID To ra cc a tuyn c th c t y

124. SP SPELL Hin th hp thoi c th kim tra cch vit vn bn -

c to ra vi Dtext, text, Mtext

125. SPL SPLINE To ra cung;v cc ng cong lin tc

126. SPE SPLINEDIT Hiu chnh spline

127. ST STYLE Hin th hp thoi cho php to ra cc kiu vn bn -

c t tn

128. SU SUBTRACT To ra 1 vng tng hp hoc c th tng hp

129. T MTEXT To ra 1 on vn bn

130. TA TABLET nh chun bng vi h to ca 1 bn v trn giy

131. TH THICKNESS

132. TI TILEMODE

133. TO TOOLBAR Hin th che du nh v tr ca cc thanh cng c

134. TOL TOLERANCE To dung sai hnh hc

135. TOR TORUS To ra 1 c th hnh vnh khuyn

136. TR TRIM Ct ta cc i tng ti 1 cnh ct c xc nh bi i

tng khc

U

137. UC DDUCS a ra hp thoi qun l h to ngi dng c xc

nh trong khng gian hin hnh

138. UCP DDUCSP a ra hp thoi c th chn 1 h to ngi dng c

xc lp trc

139. UN UNITS Chn cc dng thc to chnh xc ca to v gc

140. UNI UNION To ra vng tng hp hoc c th tng hp

V

141. V VIEW Lu v phc hi cc cnh xem c t tn

142. VP DDVPOINT a ra hp thoi xc lp hng xem 3 chiu

143. -VP VPOINT Xc lp hng xem trong 1 ch xem 3 chiu ca bn

v



144. W WBLOCK Vit cc i tng sang 1 file bn v mi

145. WE WEDGE To ra 1 c th 3 chiu vi 1 b mt nghing v 1 gc

nhn

X

146. X EXPLODE Ngt 1 khi a tuyn hoc cc i tng tng hp khc

thnh cc thnh phn to nn n

147. XA XATTACH a ra hp thoi c th gn 1 tham chiu ngoi vo bn

v hin hnh

148. XB XBIND Buc cc biu tng ph thuc ca 1 Xref vo 1 bn v

149. XC XCLIP Xc nh 1 ng bin Xref v tp hp cc mt phng

nghing

150. XL XLINE To ra 1 ng m rng v hn theo c 2 hng

151. XR XREF Hin th hp thoi iu khin cc tham chiu ngoi

vo cc file bn v

152. Z ZOOM Tng hay gim kch thc ca cc i tng trong cng

xem hin hnh

Kho giay A0 A1 A2 A3 A4

Kich Thuoc 1189x841 594x841 549x420 297x420 297x210

Tng hp th thut acad

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Tng hp th thut acad

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1. Ly li c ca s dng lnh command trong ACAD: - CTRL + 9

2. Chuyn i ca s gia cc file cad ang c bt ln, gip cho vic chuyn i qua li gia cc file m c th bn mun tham kho: - Dng phm Ctrl+Tab 3. Ch s trn v ch s di Mun nh Text trong Autocad m c m trn hoc di th dng lnh g? V d H2SO4 Lnh MTEXT. Bn mun dng vit ch trn u, bn cho k t m (^) vo cui. Bn mun dng vit ch di chn, bn cho k t m (^) vo u on. Sau t xanh on m bn mun vit km c k t m, ri nhn vo phm a/b trn thanh cng c mtext 4. Mo chn i tng Bn ang cn chn mt i tng nm pha di mt i tng khc, bn lm nh th no? c mt cch rt n gin: khi chn bn nhn thm ctr, pick 1 ln nu trng ri th thi, nu cha trng th pick thm ln na n s chn xoay vng cc i tng nm ti 1 v tr cho n lc i tng bn chn l th bn nhn phm space (enter hoc phi chut). Bn ang bt mt lc nhiu la chn osnap, v th khi bn di chut n gn i tng, thay vo bt theo cch bn mong mun, AutoCAD li chn kiu snap khng ng? bn ch cn nhn phm tab chc nng osnap s thay i xoay vng cho n kiu bn mun th thi. 5. Mo khi dng fillet Mt s ngi khi dng lnh fillet, ch yu dng vt hai i tng vo nhau (radius=0). Nn khi ang fillet vi mt bn knh khc, h mun bin radius v 0 th li dng tham s R ri g vo 0. Khi mun quay tr li bn knh ang lm th li lm li. khc phc iu ny, AutoCAD cho bn chc nng gi SHIFT, lnh fillet s mc nh radius=0, nh ra th bn knh fillet li tr thnh bnh thng. 6. Mo bt trung im Bn mun ch nh mt im l trung im ca 2 im khc m khng c i tng no bt midpoint? bn s v mt line i qua 2 im v chn midpoint, sau li xa line ny i? Khng n ni phc tp nh th, khi bn mun xc nh trung im, bn ch cn nhp vo mtp hoc m2p (middle between 2 point), ACAD s hi bn 2 im u mt, th l bn c im gia. 7. Mo hatch mng hatch, pline c width dy khng che mt cc thng tin hatch, dim. Hy s dng lnh TEXTTOFRONT, lnh ny a ton b text v/hoc dim ln trc cc i tng khc. Lnh ny bt u c t ACAD2005. 8. Mo to block Nu bn mun to mt anonymous block (l block khng c tn) trong bn v bn ch cn copy cc i tng m bn mun to block bng cch dng t hp phm Ctr+C, sau dng lnh PasteBlock. Vi block to bng phng php ny, bn khng cn phi qun l block (tht ra l khng qun l c). Khi bn xa i tng ny, ACAD t ng Purge

Tng hp th thut acad

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cc anonymous block ra khi block table sau mi ln m file. 9. Tham s ca Zoom Mc nh, tc zoom trong AutoCAD l kh thp, trong khi b con nh ta zoom nhiu hn v. M zoom chm th kh chu. Cho nn dng lnh sau y tng tc ti a (lnh ny khng lin quan n tng tc ha ca phn cng nh ) ZOOMFACTOR = 100

(100 l maximum ri ) T AutoCAD 2006 n 2008 c thm hiu ng, cc bn s bit mnh ang zoom t u . nhng nu khng c tng tc ha, zoom khng mt, h h, hiu ng ny s gy cm gic kh chu V vy tt hn ht l tt bng i, tr li AutoCAD c. Cc bn dng lnh sau: VTOPTIONS

Tt b ht 2 dng option trn v ok l xong. 10. Lm th no o gc ln hn 180 ? Vn dng lnh DIMANGULAR nh bnh thng, ch hi khc mt cht l cc bn ng chn gc gia 2 line m bn chn chc nng o gc ca Arc hay gc gia 3 im l c. V d: Command: dimangular (enter)

Select arc, circle, line, or : (enter - ng ngha vi chn mc specify vertex tc l ch nh 3 nh) Specify angle vertex: (pick vo im 1 - im gc) Specify first angle endpoint: (chn vo im 2 - nm trn mt cnh ca gc) Specify second angle endpoint: (chn vo im 3 - nm trn cnh cn li ca gc) Specify dimension arc line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: (chn vo im 4 - im m ng dim s i qua) Dimension text = 231 (v d th) Ni cc line, arc, lwpolyline khng chm nhau, bng tnh nng mi ca lnh pline

Khi bn mun ni cc line, arc, polyline thnh 1 nhng chng li khng chm nhau? Bn dng tham s Mutiple ngay sau khi s dng lnh pline, sau s dng chc nng join: Command: pe

PEDIT Select polyline or [Multiple]: m

Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 11 found

Select objects:

Enter an option [Close/Open/Join/Width/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]:

j

Join Type = Extend

Enter fuzz distance or [Jointype] : 5.0

10 segments added to polyline

Enter an option [Close/Open/Join/Width/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]:

11. Hy chn i tng khi nh du chn nhm: Khi chn mt i tng m ta mun hy chn i tng thi m cc i tng khc vn c chn khng phi chn li t u: (rt c ch khi la chn

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i tng m khng mt cng chn li t u) -Ch li vo i tng v ng thi gi phm Shift 12. Khi mun i tng khc cng c gn thuc tnh nh mt i tng khc: rt c ch khi chnh sa i tng trong bn v. Dng lnh Matchdrop : lnh tt ma hoc mj 13. Khi mun chn li i tng m trc ta di chuyn : Sau khi di chuyn mt i tng n v tr mi, m i tng khng phi l mt block th vic mun chn li i tng di chuyn n v tr mi ngay sau l iu m lm chng ta mt cng nu chn th cng tng i tng, rt may l trong trng hp chng ta c th tin hnh chn nh sau: ta li nh lnh move tip v khi select object th ta nh thng s p lp tc i tng va c di chuyn trc s c chn li ngay lp tc.

14. Khi mun lm ti li bn v bng lnh Regen: dng cp nht cc thit lp v ng nt hoc hin th, chng hn khi ta t display resolution l 2000 thay cho 100 trc , ng trn v cc nt cong s mt m hn nhng nhn trn bn v m ta vn thy khng c thay i g th ta dng lnh Regen, sau lnh ny ta s thy nhng thay i hin r rng.

15. a ng dng vit bi cc file lp trnh cho cad vo CAD: nh lnh : ap Chn file load , cc file l lsp, dvb, arx, vlx, dbx, fas Ch : ring vi file : m file lsp thy trong dng lnh no c ch defun c: th ch sau defun c: chnh l lnh tt s dng ca ng dng.

Cch 2: Tools\Auto Lisp\ load applications Sau tm n file auto lisp load

sau y l cch load lisp vo s dng (t dng k hiu (-) thay cho vic bn g phm enter 1 ln) bn g AP (-), n s hin ln 1 ci bng, tm ng dn ti 2 file lisp trn, tick vo load l c th s dng c ri ko phi load li lisp mi ln khi ng cad th tick vo contents (c icon l hnh ci cp), n s x ra 1 ci bng, tick vo add ri tm ng dn ti cc file lisp l ok

16. Chnh sa lnh tt trong autocad trc tip t file acad.pgp:

Tool\customize\ editprogram parameter (acad.pgp), vo y tin hnh chnh cc lnh tt hp vi thi quen s dng ca mnh v thun tin hn khi v.

Sau khi thay sa i lnh trong file acad.pgp th ok th chng trnhti dng lnh command ta phi nh reinit v chn pgp file s c tc dng ngay m khng cn phi khi ng li na.

C th dng cch command alias editor, vo y tin hnh

chnhtoolschnh sa khc: express sa lnh, ta c th add vo cng c m khng thay i lnh tt gc ca n.

Tng hp th thut acad

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17. cch ci t menu lnh trn thanh menubar: Vdu: HUONG DAN CAI DAT "FASTCAD"

1. Chep toan bo thu muc "FASTCAD" vao dia cung cua may (O dau? Tuy y.)

- Mo file FASTCAD\hamtutao.lsp, chep toan bo noi dung. (ctr+A, ctr+C)

- Mo file SUPPORT\acad*doc.lsp. Chuyen con tro xuong gan cuoi file, phai o

tren dong co noi dung:

"(princ) "

- Chep noi dung file "hamtutao.lsp" vao vi tri nay. (ctr+V)

Chu y : Noi dung vua chep vao phai o tren dong "(princ) "

- Luu file SUPPORT\acad*doc.lsp lai. Dong tat ca cac file lai.

2. Chay chuong trinh ACAD.

3. Chon muc : TOOLS\OPTIONS\FILES\SUPPORT FILE SEARCH PATH.

- Chon nut "ADD"- Chon nut "BROWSE"- Sau do chi dan den thu muc

"FASTCAD".

- Chon nut "OK", "APPLY"

4. Tai dong lenh COMMAND go : "menuload"

- Chon file "fastcad.mnu". Nhan nut "OPEN" - Tiep theo chon nut "LOAD",

"OK".

18. Bn mun v nhiu t l trong mt bn v : -Bn mun v nhiu t l trong mt bn v th c th to nhiu kiu t l trong cad, g D ri enter, khung Dimension style manager hin ra, bn click vo ch New, sau thit lp cc thng s, lm tng t nh th to kiu kch thc c t l khc, khi mun dng ci no th click chn ci ri click vo Current -> Close...

Bn to mt kiu style kch thc ring cho n, modify v chnh li s liu ti scale factor ,v d bn scale t l 1/5 (0,2) ,th ban phi in vo scale factor l 5 thay v 1 nh mc nh

19. Lu khi nh ngha kiu kch thc (Dimstyle) cho bn v: -Dng lnh command: d -Trc ht nh ngha kiu kch thc t l 1:1 trc, chng hn c th thit lp l scale factor l 1.00 ( ngha rng mt kch thc trn bn v bng 1 kch thc thc t). -Khi chn thit lp dmstyle cho cc bn v c t l 1:2 th h s scale factor s l 2 ( ngha rng mt kch thc trn bn v bng 0,5 kch thc thc t, do khi v l 1 nhng mun kch thc hin th ng vi kch thc vt tht th trn bn v con s ghi phi l kch thc trn bn v nhn vi 2, v vy t h s nhn l 2). Bn v t l 1/10 s c dimstyle vi h s scale factor l 10. Nu c cn c vo ngha nh vy th ta d dng thit lp c thng s scale factor cho cc bn v tng t nh vy vi cc dimstyle ca cc bn v c t l khc.

Tng hp th thut acad

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V d: T l 1:1 scale factor l 1.0, c ch l 2.5 T l 1:2 scale factor l 2, c ch l 2.5 T l 1:10 scale factor l 10, c ch l 2.5 T l 1:20 scale factor l 20, c ch l 2.5 T l 1:50 scale factor l 50, c ch l 2.5 T l 1:100 scale factor l 100, c ch l 2.5 T l 1:400 scale factor l 400, c ch l 2.5

C th t t l theo cch nh ngha khc: V d: T l 1:1 scale factor l 100, c ch l 250 T l 1:2 scale factor l 50, c ch l 250 T l 1:10 scale factor l 0.10, c ch l 2.5 T l 1:20 scale factor l 0.20, c ch l 2.5 T l 1:50 scale factor l 0.50, c ch l 2.5 T l 1:100 scale factor l 100, c ch l 2.5 T l 1:400 scale factor l 400, c ch l 2.5

20. Ghi mt ng kch thc lin tc vi cc ng kch thc khc:

Dng lnh : Dimcontinue (dco) Chn mt ng kch thc c sn m bn nh ni tip vo , nh vy bn phi c t nht mt ng kch thc sn c.

21. LACHN V CHNH SA NHIU I TNG CNG LC Lnh Quick Select:

a. Cng dng: Tm nhanh v la chn nhng i tng m bn mun (Lnh ny rt nhiu cng dng kh lit k ht c, ni chung anh em th ci s bit ngay... Theo c nhn mnh th y l mt lnh cc k hay y). b. Command : Trn toolbar => Tools => Quick Select (hoc nhn Alt => T => K) > xut hin hp thoi Quick Select nh sau:

=> Cng nh lnh Find trc tin l "la chn vng i tng" m ta cn tm, bng cch bm vo "phm vung nh" bn phi > la chn vng min cn tm i tng > nhn chut phi quay li hp thot Quick Select => Tip n, ti Object type ta chn kiu i tng m cn tm ( y mnh chn i tng l Multiple; cc bn cng c th tm vi Mtext ; Line .... => Ti Properties bn chn mt trong nhng la chn a ra (v d: chn mu i tng cn tm, chn layer cn tm, chn chiu dy...v..v) Mnh chn Color > chn tt c cc i tng c Color (mu sc) m mnh mun chn... => Gi nguyn la chn =Equals => Ti Value > bn c th chn mu sc cho i tng cn tm => Bm OK vy l ta chn nhanh cc i tng m mnh mun(cc gi tr khc gi nguyn, cc bn c th tm hiu thm nhng ci ) => sau khi la chn tt c cc i tng c mu sc nh vy bn s lm

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g?... Bm CTRL + 1 => vo Properties => tha h chnh sa i tng theo bn nh....

* Mt s cng dng ca Quick Select: Bn c th dung Quick Select thay i mt layer m bn mun trong mun vn layer trong bn v => rt nhanh phi khng? Bn c th i tt c mu sc mt i tng trong rt nhiu mu sc => rt tin phi khng? Bn c th tm tt c cc Mtext c cao Heigh = 100 i thnh 200 => rt th v phi khng?

22. Lnh Filter.

y l mt lnh rt hay, n b tr rt nhiu cho chng ta trong qu trnh chnh sa bn v. N gip chng ta lc cc i tng cn chn mt cch nhanh nht. Mnh gi km theo mt file Cad hng dn d hn.

ng dng: y l mt lnh dng b tr cho cc lnh khc. V d bn mun xa tt c cc ng kch thc chng hn, quy trnh lm nh sau: Command: G E Select Objects: G fi Trn mn hnh hin th mn hnh Objects selection

Trong mc Select filter bn n vo nt tam gic v chn Layer (V tt c nt kch thc c v bng lp Kich thuoc).

Sau khi chn layer bn nhn tri chut vo nt Select, hin th ln tn tt c cc lp c khai bo trong bn v. Bn ko con tr xung v n tri chut vo Kich thuoc, ri nhn Ok.

Quay lai ca s Objects selection, bn n tri chut vo nt Add to list, s thy dng Layer = Kich thc pha trn (Kt thc vic chn i tng lc).

Tip theo n qu trnh lc i tng: Bn n tri chut vo nt Apply gc di bn phi n hin ra mt vung cn di dng lnh hin th cu nhc >>Select Objects = Chn i tng Cc bn cn chn vng lc i tng. Nh hnh di vng chn chnh l hnh ch nht mu trng. Khi tt c i tng c c v bng lp Kich thuoc s c chn.

Di dng lnh vn hin th Select Objects: Bn n Enter 2 ln lin tip thc hin lnh xa tt c cc i tng lp Kich thuoc.

23. In n khng b m

Khi in c th cc nt v do thit lp lineweight nh m khi in c th m, do vy tin hnh in ra khng b m chng ta phi t li lineweight khi in n, vo lnh plot, chn my in,

Tng hp th thut acad

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24. Khung bn v n mp giy khi in

Vn : Lm sao plot bn v ra ng nh ci khung mnh to nh.ai bt ch gim vi.nu cc khong offset t mp giy n khung khng ng th va xu m bn v li khng ng t l na.? - Khi vo lnh in, chn Properties ca my in --> Device and Documents Setting --> User-defined Paper Sizes & Calibration --> Modify Standard Paper

Sizes (Printable Area) --> chn kh giy v bm Modify hiu chnh khong cch canh l ph hp. Cn in b lch c l bn qun nh du chn Center the plot khi in

- Li l do khi in bn plot to scale trng thi fix to paper. Nu bn mun khung tn ca bn cch ng nh bn mun bn phi xc inh ng t l bn v bn cn in v in vo trng thi custom. v d bn mun in kh giy A3 vi t l 1/1000 , trc ht bn v khung 297x420 . Sau bn v khung tn cch l theo bn trong khung va v . (v d mp tri khung cch giy 20mm th bn ng khung tri cch mp tri khung A3 ng 20 unit) . bn phi chn Center the plot sau trong plot to scale bn chn custome v nh t l 1mm = 1 unit . 25. khung tn va ng tiu chun: Vn : Khi hon thin bn v chng ta phi t khung tn cho chng. Lm sao khung tn va ng tiu chun, t l theo cc kh giy khc nhau. Mi ngi hy chia s cch t khung tn i.

Cch s dng: +copy ci file tvcn.dwg vo Support +load lisp

+lnh l bv ch l s th t bn v n nhy y khi mun sa cc ci khc thuc khung tn, bn dng lnh BE, chn khung tn

26. V cc ng song song nhanh:

Dng lnh Mline (ml) - Khong cch gia cc ng , chn ty chn Scale , nhp vo khong cch ca cc ng ta mun v. 27. nh s th t bng lnh Tcount, ca Express Tools

Nhiu khi chng ta cn phi sa tng text mt in cc s theo th t tng dn. Chng hn phi in chui D1, D2, D3, D4,...D1000 theo th t tng dn ca trc Y. nu sa bng tay th rt lu. Lnh Tcount ca Express Tool cho php chng ta lm iu ny.

Command: tcount

Chng trnh s cho bn chn i tng Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 5 found

Tng hp th thut acad

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Select objects:

Chng trnh hi bn sp xp cc i tng theo chiu tng trc x, trc y hay theo th t lc bn chn cc i tng Sort selected objects by [X/Y/Select-order] :

Chng trnh hi bn s u tin m bn nh, s gia m bn cho vo. V d 2,-1 s nh cc s: 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, ... Specify starting number and increment (Start,increment) :

Chng trnh hi bn cch nh s vo text: Overwrite - ghi lun vo text, Prefix - vit thm vo pha trc, Suffix - vit thm vo pha sau, Find&replace - Thay nhng cm t c ch nh bng cc text s ny. Placement of numbers in text [Overwrite/Prefix/Suffix/Find&replace..] <

Find&replace>:

Nu bn chn Find&replace, my hi thm c t m bn mun ch nh. Enter search string :

V cui cng chng trnh thng bo c bao nhiu i tng text c sa 5 objects modified.

28. Mt s cch chn i tng trong CAD

1. Chn i tng bng pick chut 2. Chn i tng nm trong ca s chn bng cch pick chut t tri qua phi mn hnh (windows) hoc dng tham s W 3. Chn i tng nm trong v trng vi ca s chn bng cch pick chut t phi qua tri mn hnh (crossing) hoc dng tham s C 4. Chn tt c cc i tng: dng Ctrl+A 5. Chn i tng theo ng zigzag tu : dng tham s F 6. Chn i tng nm trong ca s a gic tu : dng tham s WP 7. Chn i tng nm trng v trong ca s a gic tu : dng tham s CP 8. Chn i tng c v cui cng: dng tham s L 9. Chn i tng chn trc: dng tham s P 10. Gi Ctrl bt i tng (Object Cycling) Trong lc v nhiu khi c nhng i tng ln nhau. Bn c th chn ln lt chng bng cch gi Ctrl ri pick chut vo ch c nhiu i tng ln nhau. lc CAD s bt ch Cycle on. Khi bn c th b Ctrl ri pick chut bt k ch no trn mn hnh. Cc i tng ln lt s c chn. Khi chn c i tng cn chn bn phi chut hoc enter kt thc lnh. 11. Chn thm v b chn i tng: Dng Shift l thun tin nht, hoc dng tham s A add thm i tng, tham s R b bt i tng chn 12. Chn i tng bng Quick Select: Tool>Quick Select 13. Chn i tng theo bng Filter (lc i tng) tham s Fi. 12 v 13 dng nhng c im nhn dng chung chn i tng. Nu dng quen s thy rt hu ch

Tng hp th thut acad

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29. Cch chn i tng bng lnh FI ( Filter ) V d trong 1 bn v c rt nhiu loi i tng nh lnh FI. Trong khung Selection Filter. Chn Circle/ And to List / Apply Quay li ca s chnh ca CAD, ta chn tt c cc i tng trong bn v/ Ok. Gi th FI lc ra ch selec cc CIRCLE trn bn v thi ! Ging lnh filter, nhng c bit hn: Bn cn phi nht ra trong bn v nhng i tng text c cha mt cm t nht nh, lm th no? Hy dng lnh find c bn ca AutoCAD, cch dng: - Gi lnh find ti dng lnh. - Ti bng lnh, g dng ch cn tm ti phn text find string. - Ti phn search in, click vo phm c biu tng hnh vung v con tr chut chn cc i tng. - Cad s quay tr li mn hnh chnh bn chn i tng. y bn g All chn tt c cc i tng trong bn v. G xong th g enter. - Tr li bng lnh Find and Replace, bn s thy phm Select All c t mu en (trc n c mu xm - disable). Hy click vo phm Select All ny. - Cad s ng bng lnh v cc i tng cha dng ch cn tm s c la chn (high light). Cng vi dng ch trn ca s text: AutoCAD found and selected xxx objects that contain yyy vi xxx l s i tng c chn v yyy l cm t bn va nhp. Nu khng c i tng no tho mn, cad s thng bo:AutoCAD found and selected 0 objects that contain yyy. 30. S dng cc kiu Dim khc nhau trong 1 Dim Style ca AutoCAD

Bn thng v ng dim c nt im l gch cho (kiu Architectural tick). Nhng khi s dng kiu , nh im gc trng hi v duyn. Lm th no trong cng mt Dim Style, ng kch thc thng ca bn nh bng kiu gch cho nhng ng kch thc nh gc li l mi tn? n gin, bn lm nh sau: - dng lnh ddim m bng lnh Dim Style. - Click vo kiu dim gch cho ca bn chn n. - Click vo phm New... - Ti ca s Create New Dimention Style, phn Use for bn chn Angular Dimentions thay v All Dimentions mc nh ca AutoCAD.

Tng hp th thut acad

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- Trong bng lnh New Dimention Style: xxx:Angular (xxx l kiu Dim ca bn). Bn chn phn Lines and Arrows, sa Arrowheads theo mun ca bn.

- Nhn ok, ok.

Nh vy bn to c mt Dimstyle mang tn xxx trong c 2 kiu nh kch thc khc nhau. v kt qu l:

Tng hp th thut acad

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31. V nhanh cc bn v chi tit vi AutoCad

V theo ng nt bn v gc

Tt layer cha bn v gc, hon tt bn v

Khi bn c mt bn v cu to ca mt chi tit, thit b, nhng khng c cc thng s kch thc, do , bn s mt nhiu thi gian v li bn v . C mt cch nhanh hn bn v li cc bn v ny, trnh t lm nh sau:

u tin bn mang bn v gc ln my qut (scanner) thnh file hnh nh, lu tp tin v chn nh dng l JPG (nu bn chn nh dng file l BMP th khi chn vo, mu sc ca cc ng nt s ging nh mu sc ca lp (layer) m

Tng hp th thut acad

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bn chn hnh. Nu bn v c kh ln, bn c th photo thu nh v kh A3, A4 c th a ln my qut.

Tip theo, bn chn hnh nh vo bn v bng cch vo Insert\Raster Image... sau la chn bn v cn v chn vo. Th l lc ny bn c mt mu nn, ch cn v t theo bn v nn, hiu chnh li cho ph hp. Sau khi v xong, bn tt layer cha bn v gc, hon tt bn v.

31. Cc thao tc, lu khi thc hin: * Khi bn scan hnh nh c th b lch, lc ny bn cn xoay bn v gc cho thng bng lnh rotate (ro). Bn cn v mt trc tm chun thng ng (F8), sau v thm mt trc tm theo bn v gc, dng ty chn Reference quay cho tm bn v gc trng khp vi ng tm chun: g lnh "ro", chn bn v gc, chn tm quay l im giao nhau ca hai trc tm, g "r" la ty chn Reference, click vo hai im trn ng tm ca bn v gc, ko n v tr trng vi ng tm chun.

* Trong qu trnh v trnh vic s lm di chuyn hnh gc lch khi v tr ban u, bn cn kha hnh gc bng cch kha layer cha hnh gc li v iu chnh nh sau: vo Modify\Object\Image\Frame sau g "off" (nu l AutoCad 2006 th chn "0"), sau ny nu cn thay i th bn lm tng t v g lnh "on" (nu l AutoCad 2006 th chn "1").

* Trong qu trnh v, khi bn phng to, thu nh (zoom), ko r mn hnh v (pan) th hnh gc s khng hin th do bn kh c th qun l, theo di. hnh gc lun hin trn mn hnh bn cn hiu chnh nh sau: Vo Tool\Options. Ti tab Display, bn nh du chn Pan and zoom with raster & OLE. Lc ny khi bn phng to, thu nh th hnh gc vn hin th trn mn hnh ch khng n i.

* Khi chn hnh gc vo bn cn phng to hnh ln cho ph hp, nu bn qu nh th s gp kh khn trong lc v do n v phn chia lc ny qu b, khi bn v cc ng cong th khi hin th c lc n s gy khc, bn dng lnh redraw (re) n s trn li, tuy nhin nu bn phng to s d v hn.

* Khi bn phng to ln th ng nt ca bn v gc cng s to ln, do bn s v theo bng cch chn khong gia ung nt ca bn v gc l ph hp nht.

* Khi bn chn hnh vo, AutoCad ch nhn din lin kt (link) n bn v gc ch khng chn hnh vo bn v. Do , khi chp sang my khc, th mc khc hiu chnh, sa cha th bn cn chp c hnh gc theo.

S cn tng hp tip.......

1

BI GING :

AUTOCAD NNG CAO V

LP TRNH TRONG AUTOCAD

Ngi lp : Trn anh Bnh

Sch tham kho : AutoCAD 2004 Bible Wileys & Sons

Mastering in AutoCAD 2000 George Omura

AutoCAD 2004 For Dummies John Wiley & Sons

AutoCAD 2000 (1,2) KTS.Lu Triu Nguyn.

AutoCAD 2004 (1,2) c bn v nng cao TS.Nguyn Hu Lc.

Cc tin ch thit k trn AutoCAD TS.Nguyn Hu Lc. Nguyn Thanh Trung.

AutoCAD 2004 (1,2) c bn v nng cao TS.Nguyn Hu Lc.

AutoCAD 2004 Activex and VBA KS.Hong Thnh An.

S tit ging : 45 Tit

AutoCAD nng cao : 45 tit L thuyt : 30 tit Thc hnh : 5 bui (5x3=15 tit)

2

PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO (24 tit)

Chng 1 : THIT LP MI TRNG BN V (9 tit)

I. Quy nh v bn v. 1. Cc thng tin c c t bn v 2. Cc khng gian trong CAD

3. ngha ca vic thit lp mi trng bn v 4. Mt s quy nh chung

4.1. Khung v t l bn v 4.2. Quy nh v ng nt v c ch

II. Thit lp mi trng v. 1. Text style.

2. Layer.

3. Dimesion Style.

4. Hatch.

5. Lnh LineType. 6. Block v Thuc tnh ca Block.

6.1. Block

6.2. Thuc tnh ca Block 6.3. Qun l cc block.

7. Ghi cc thit lp mi trng bn v thnh TemPlate. 8. Cc ty chn trong menu Option

III. Gii thiu Express Tools.

Chng 2 : LAYOUT V IN N (6 tit)

I. Lm vic vi Layout 1. Paper Space

2. Cc thao tc trn Viewport ca Paper Space 2.1. Tao cc Viewport 2.2. Ct xn ng bao Viewport 2.3. T l trong tng Viewport 2.4. Layer trong tng Viewport 2.5. n hin viewport 2.6. n hin ng bao viewport 2.7. Scale LineType

2.8. Cc hiu chnh khc i vi Viewport 3. Cc chu khi in nhiu t l trong mt bn v

II. iu khin in n. 1. Khai bo thit b in. 2. In ra file *.PLT

Chng 3 : LM VIC VI D LIU (6 tit)

I. Tham kho ngoi 1. Gii thiu v tham kho ngoi.

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2. Chen mt xref vo bn v 3. M mt xref t bn v chnh 4. Hiu chnh xref t bn v chnh.

4.1. Lnh Refedit (Reference Edit). 4.2. Thm, bo bt cc i tng khoi working set (Lnh refset). 4.3. Lnh refclose 4.4. Mt s bin h thng lin quan n xref.

5. iu khin s hin th ca mt xref. 5.1. Xref v cc thnh phn hin phu thuc. 5.2. Xref v lp. 5.3. Lnh Xbin. 5.4. Tham chiu vong. 5.5. Xn cc xref. 5.6. Tng tc hin th ca cc xref ln.

6. Qun l xref 6.1. ng dn ca cc xref. 6.2. Xref notification

6.3. AutoCAD DesignCenter.

6.4. File bin bn (log) ca xref.

II. Lm vic vi d liu ngoi (Working with External Database) 1. S lc v d liu ngoi trong AutoCAD. 2. Cc chun b cho vic kt ni c s d liu. 3. nh cu hnh d liu cho ODBC. 4. nh cu hnh d liu trong AutoCAD. 5. Chnh sa d liu trong AutoCAD 6. Tao cc mu kt ni. 7. Tao, hiu chnh v xa cc kt ni. 8. Quan st cc kt ni. 9. Tao mu nhn. 10. Tao nhn. 11. S dung query truy tm d liu

11.1. S dung Quick Query 11.2. S dung Range Query 11.3. S dung Range Query 11.4. S dung Link Select

III. Lm vic vi Raster Image 1. Tng quan 2. Chen nh (inserting images 3. Qun l hnh nh (Managing images) 4. Ct xn nh (Clipping images) 5. iu khin s hin th (Controlling image display)

5.1. iu khin hin th 5.2. Cht lng nh (Image quality) 5.3. Image transparency

5.4. Bt tt ng bao ca nh (Image frame)

IV. Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects 1. Embedding objects into AutoCAD

2. Linking data

3. Pasting data into AutoCAD

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Chng 4 : TY BIN TRONG AUTOCAD (9 tit)

I. Cc i tng shape. (1 tit) 1. Khi nim v Shape. 2. Cch m t shape trong file .SHP.

2.1. Vector Length and Direction Code (m vector).

2.2. Special Codes (m c bit)

II. To font ch 1. Tao font ch SHX. 2. Tao big font. 3. Tao big font t file m rng.

III. To cc dng ng (file linetype) 1. Khi nim v phn loai dang ng. 2. Tao cc dang ng n gin.

2.1. Dng creat trong lnh -linetype. 2.2. Tao linetype bng cch soan tho trc tip trong .LIN

IV. Dng ng phc cha i tng shape 1. Dang ng phc c cha i tng ch.

V. To cc mu mt ct. 1. File mu mt ct. 2. Tao mu mt ct n gin. 3. Tao cc mu mt ct phc tap.

VI. Menu. 1. Menu v file menu.

1.1. Cc loai menu 1.2. Cc loai file menu 1.3. Ti, g bo mt menu

2. Ty bin mt menu 2.1. Cu truc mt file menu 2.2. Menu Macro

2.3. Pull-down Menu

2.3.1. Section ca Pull-down menu 2.3.2. Tiu ca pull-down menu 2.3.3. Tham chiu n pulldown menu 2.3.4. Chen v loai bo Pull-down menu trn menubar

2.4. Shortcut menu.

2.5. Buttons menu v auxiliary menu.

2.5.1. Section ca Buttons menu v auxiliary menu 2.5.2. Tao cc AUX menu. 2.5.3. Menu swaping.

2.6. Image Tile menus

2.6.1. Section ca Image menu 2.6.2. M t muc chn ca menu hnh nh 2.6.3. Gi hin th cc menu hnh nh 2.6.4. Slide v th vin slide.

2.7. Menu mn hnh.

2.7.1. Section ca menu hnh nh. 2.8. Chui chu thch thanh trang thi.

5

2.8.1. Section ca oan m t chui chu thch. 2.8.2. M t chui chu thch.

2.9. Tao cc phm tt. 2.9.1. Section ca oan m t cc phm tt 2.9.2. Tao phm tt

VII. Toolbar 1. cch tao toolbars bng cch dng lnh Toolbar

1.1. Tao Toolbar 1.2. Tao nut lnh mi 1.3. Sa nut lnh 1.4. Tao mt Flyout

2. Cch tao toolbars bng cch soan tho trong file *.mnu 2.1. Dong m t tng qut thanh cng cu 2.2. Dong m t loai nut lnh Button 2.3. Dong m t loai nut lnh Flyout. 2.4. Dong m t nut lnh Control.

6

PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO (24 tit)

MC CH V NI DUNG CA PHN AUTOCAD NNG CAO. Sinh vin lm quen vi AutoCAD qua mn hc hnh ha, cc n mn hc. Nhng

phn ln SV mi ch lm quen vi AutoCAD v bit c mt s lnh c bn. Phn AutoCAD nng cao s tao cho sinh vin bit cch b cuc, trnh by bn v mt cch chuyn nghip, bit cch lm ch mi trng v ca mnh.

Chng 1 : THIT LP MI TRNG BN V (9 tit)

I. Quy nh v bn v.

1. Cc thng tin c c t bn v

Hnh dang

Vt liu (b tng, g ,)

Kch thc (thng qua Dim, thng qua t l + kch thc trn bn v)

T l

ng nt (thy khut)

2. Cc khng gian trong CAD CAD cung cp 2 khng gian Model Space v Paper Space. Model Space

L khng gian giy v

Cc thao tc v thng c thc hin trn m hnh ny. Paper Space

Cng l mt khng gian v.

Trong paper space (PS), ban c th chen title block, tao cc layout viewport, dimension v thm cc notes trc khi in bn v.

Trong PS ban c th tham chiu n 1 hoc nhiu vng ca MS vi cc t l khc nhau thng qua cc ca s (viewport). (c bit quan trng trong v phi cnh kin trc)

3. ngha ca vic thit lp mi trng bn v

Giup ngi dng thc hin qu trnh v mt cch nhanh hn.

Bn v, quy cch v c thng nht thnh tiu chun v, mu ha trong nhiu khu

Bn v c t chc th hin mt r rng, mach lac.

Thnh qu lao ng c ti s dung lai mt cch chuyn nghip hn

4. Mt s quy nh chung

4.1. Khung v t l bn v C 2 cch v :

V t do : ko nh gii han bn v

V theo khung : Bn v c gii han theo kh giy (lnh Limits) Cc loai khung : khung A1,A2,A3,A4 T l bn v l t l gia kch thc trn bn v khi in ra v kch thc thc. C cc

cch v th hin t l bn v nh sau :

V theo t l 1:1, scale khung in (ch yu dng khi v trn Model Space)

V theo t l bn v. Gi nguyn khung in (ch yu dng khi v trn layout)

V theo t l bt k, khng ch t l khung in/ t l bn v (t dng)

7

Lnh MVSetup.

4.2. Quy nh v ng nt v c ch Quy nh v ng nt khi in :

Nt lin mnh (ng bao dm, ng bao ct, cc nt thng thng) :

Nt lin m (Cc nt thp, nt ct qua,) :

Nt hach

Nt ca ch (ch dng khi font s dung SHX) :

Nt ca ng ghi chu v kch thc : Quy nh v chiu cao ca ch : Bn v thng thng gm c hai c ch, ty theo t l

m ta t chiu cao ch khc nhau. Tuy nhin khi in ra phi m bo chiu co ch ghi chu, chiu cao ch ca dim l 2,5mm. Chiu cao ch ca tiu l 5mm. (nu v du v chiu cao ch v t l bn v)

Quy nh v khong cch cc Dim.

Khong cch t chn dim n dim l 10mm

Khong cch gia cc Dim song song nhau l 8mm

II. Thit lp mi trng v.

1. Text style. Command : STyle

Style name : Tn style

New, rename, delete : Tao mi, thay i tn v xa mt kiu ch (Text style) Font

Font name : Tn phng

font style : Chn font ch m rng ca font shx khi chn Use Big font

Height : Chiu cao mc nh ca font. AutoCAD s u tin s dng chiu cao ny trong ton b bn v. Nu chiu cao ny bng 0 th AutoCAD s ly chiu cao nhp vo khi chn text

Effects

Upside down : Ln ngc ch theo trc nm ngang

Backwards : Quay ngc ch theo trc thng ng

Vertical : Ch theo phng thng ng

8

Width factor : Phng ch theo chiu ngang.

Oblique Angle : Gc nghing ca ch. Preview : xem trc cc nh dang chn.

2. Layer.

Command : Layer Bng Layer Properties Manager hin ln :

,

Filter :

Tao mt filter (n vo nut new filter)

Filter name : Tn ca nhm lc. Filter definition

Status : 2 ch : ang s dng (current in use) v Tt c layer (all layer)

Name : Lc theo tn, s dng du * thay th cho mt nhm k t, du ? thay th cho mt k t.

9

On, freeze, lock, color, lineweight, Plot Style, Plot : Lc theo cc thuc tnh ca layer.

Filter preview : Xem trc cc i layer lc. Nu dong lnh nhiu hn mt dong c coi l iu kin hoc.

Group Layer :

Tao tng nhm lc. Layer trong nhm mi tao khng bao gm cc layer trong bn v. Ta c th nhp cc layer trong bn. Trong mi nhm ny ta c th tao tng b lc layer khc nhau.

Khi ta chen mt block hay chen mt xref vo th AutoCAD s t ng chen thm group layer.

Layer States Manager

Ta c th xut cc nh dang layer ra file cha layer *.LAS

10

Khi cc thuc tnh ca layer b thay i, ta c th khi phuc lai n bng cch import lai cc thuc tnh c lu lai trong file *.LAS. Chu cc layer b xa i th s khng khi phuc lai c.

Cc thuc tnh c khi phuc lai c quy nh trong Layer setting to restore. (Frezen : qu kh ca freeze ng bng, Thaw : s tan bng )

Turn off layers not found in layer state : Tt tt c cc layer khng tm thy trong file *.LAS khi khi phuc lai thuc tnh.

3. Dimesion Style.

Command : DIMSTYLE

Set current : Chuyn dimstyle c chn sang ch o hin hnh. New : Tao mi Dimstyle. Modify : Chnh sa Dimstyle. Override : Dng khi mun gn chng tam thi cc bin kch thc trong kiu kch

thc c chn. Compare : So snh cc thng s trong 2 loai Dimstyle khc nhau trong bn v.

Hp thoai tao new :

Hp thoi Use for : Loai kch c p dung trong khi o

All dimension : Tt c cc loi kch thc.

Linear : Kch thc thng.

11

Angular : o gc

Radius : o bn knh

Diameter : o ng knh.

Ordinate : Ta im

Leader and tolerance : Ch thch vi ng dn v dung sai.

Frame Dimension Line : (ng kch thc)

Extend beyond ticks : Khong cch ng kch thc nh ra khi ng ging khi ta chn arrowheads l gch cho.

Baseline spacing : Khong cch gia ng kch thc trong chui kch thc song song.

Suppress : B qua ng kch thc th nht, th hai, v c th nht ln th hai. M t trong hnh v di y :

Frame Dimension Line:

Extend beyond dim lines : khong ng ging nh ra khi ng kch thc.

Offset from origin : Khong cch t gc ng ging n u ng ging.

Suppress :B qua ng ging th nht, th hai, c hai ng ging.

M t trong hnh v di y.

Arrowheads : (Mi tn)

1st : Dng mi tn cho u kch thc th nht.

2nd : Dng mi tn cho u kch thc th hai.

Leader : Dng mi tn cho u ng ch thch.

Arrow size : ln u mi tn. Chn User arrow, khi hp thoi hin ra, ta nhp tn block dng lm mi tn vo hp thoi.

Center Marks for Circles : (Du tm v ng tm) Type : Dang du tm (mark), ng tm (line) hay khng hin g (none). Size : kch thc du tm.

12

Text Appearance:

Text style : Chn tn kiu ch hin ln trong kch thc. Ta c th lm hin bng text style trong [] bn cnh text style.

Text color : Mu ch

Fill color : mu nn ca ch.

Text height : Chiu cao ca ch.

Fraction height scale : Gn t l gia chiu cao ch s dung sai v ch s kch thc.

Draw frame around text : V khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc. Text Placement :

Vertical : iu chnh v tr ch theo phng thng ng. Center : Ch s nm gia ng kch thc. Above : Ch s nm trn ng kch thc. Outside : v tr nm ngoi ng kch thc v xa im gc o nht. JIS (Japanese industrial Standards) : v tr ch ca ng kch thc theo tiu

chun Nht.

Horizontal : V tr ca ch so vi phng nm ngang. Centered : nm gia hai ng ging. 1 st Extension Line : Ch s nm v pha ng ging th nht. Khong cch

t ch n ng ging bng tng chiu di mi tn v bin Offset from dim line

Offset from dim line : khong cch t ch n ng kch thc. TC khong 1-2 mm.Nu ch nm gia ng kch thc th y l khong cch gia ch v 2 nhnh ca ng kch thc.Nu bin ny m th AutoCAD s t ng chuyn s ny thnh dng.

Text Alignment : iu chnh hng ca ch.

Horizontal : ch lun lun nm ngang.

Aligned with dimension line : ch c ging song song vi ng kch thc.

ISO Standard : ch s song song vi ng kch thc khi n nm trong hai ng ging, v s nm ngang trong trng hp nm ngc li.

13

Fit Options : th ny s kim tra xem, nu ch trng th s t text v ng kch

thc theo ung v tr quy nh muc trc. Con nu khng ch trng ghi text th text v ng kch thc s c ghi theo cc quy nh sau :

Either the text or the arrows whichever fits best : Khi ch trng th text v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging. Khi ch ch cho text th mi tn s c v ra ngoi. Khi ch ch cho mi tn th text s c v ra ngoi.

Arrows : Khi ch cho ch v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging. Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn s c v trong 2 ng ging con

ch th c v ra ngoi. Khi khng ch cho mi tn th c text v mi tn s c v ra ngoi.

Text : Khi ch cho ch v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging. Khi ch ch cho Text th Text s c v trong 2 ng ging con mi

tn th c v ra ngoi. Khi khng ch cho Text th c text v mi tn s c v ra ngoi.

Both text and arrouws : Khi khng choc ho ch s hoc mi tn th c hai s c v ra ngoi.

Always keep text between ext lines : ch s v kch thc lun lun nm gia hai ng ging.

Suppress arrows if they dont fit inside the extension lines : s khng xut hin mi tn nu gia hai ng ging khng ch trng v.

Text Placement : quy nh v tr ca ch s kch thc khi di chuyn chung ra khoi v tr mc nh

Beside the dimension line : Sp xp bn cnh ng ging.

Over the dimension line, with a leader : sp xp ra ngoi ng kch thc km theo mt ng dn.

14

Over the dimension line, without a leader : sp xp ra ngoi ng kch thc m km theo bt k mt ng dn no.

Scale for Dimension Features :

Use overall scale of : Phng ton b cc bin kch thc theo t l ny. Ring gi tr ch s o c khng b thay i.

Scale dimensions to layout (paper space) : Dng trong paper space. Nghin cu sau.

Fine Tuning : gn mt s la chn b xung.

Place text manually when dimensioning : t v tr text bng cch t chn v tr sau mi ln o.

Always draw dim line between ext lines : Lun lun v ng kch thc nm gia hai ng ging.

Linear Dimensions : gn dang v n v cho kch thc di

Unit format : Gn dng n v cho tt c cc loi kch thc, ngoi tr kch thc gc. Theo TCVN ta chn Decimal.

Precision : Quy nh s cc s thp phn s xut hin trong gi tr o c.

Fraction format : Gn dng cho phn s, cc la chn bao gm : Digonal, Horizontal v not stacked.

Dicimal separator : Quy nh v du ngn cch gia phn thp phn v phn nguyn.

Round off : Quy nh v cch lm trn. VD nhp vo 0.15 th tt c cc s o s lm trn n 0.15

Prefix/ Suffix : Tin t v hu t ca text o c. Measurement Scale :

Scale factor : chiu di o c s c nhn vi bin ny ra chiu di hin th trong dim.

Apply to layout dimensions only : Dng trong paper space, cha nhgin cu y Zero suppression :

15

Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25 Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5

Angular Dimensions :

Unit format : Gn dng n v cho kch thc gc. Theo TCVN ta chn Degreesl.

Precision : Quy nh s cc s thp phn s xut hin trong gi tr o c. Zero suppression :


Alternate units : gn cc n v lin kt. Gn dang v chnh xc n v chiu di,

gc, kch thc v t l ca n v o lin kt (gia inch v minimeter)

Display alternate units : Hin th kch thc lin kt( l dang kch thc nh kem vi kch thc lin kt chnh, v du nh kch thc lin kt chnh l minimeter, con kch thc lin kt l inch. Kch thc lin kt phu l kch thc i kem gii thch cho kch thc chnh)

Alternate units

Unit format : Gn n v lin kt.

Precision :Gn s cc s thp phn c ngha da trn dng n v di v gc m bn chn.

Multiplier for alt units : Chnh s t l gia n v kch thc chnh v n v kch thc lin kt.

Round distance to : Quy nh quy tc lm trn s cho kch thc lin kt

Prefix : Tin t cho kch thc lin kt.

Suffix : Hu t cho kch thc lin kt. Zero suppression :

Leading :B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25 Trailing :B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5

Placement : nh v v tr t kch thc lin kt

16

After primary value : t v tr kch thc lin kt sau v tr kch thc lin kt chnh.

Below primary value : t kch thc lin kt di v tr kch thc lin kt chnh.

Tolerance : iu khin s hin th v hnh dang ca cc ch s dung sai. Tolerance Fomat

Methode : Gn phng php tnh dung sai kch thc.

None : khng thm vo sau kch thc sai lch gi hn gi tr dung sai.

Symmetrical : Du xut hin trc cc gi tr dung sai. Khi sai lch gii han trn v sai lch gii han di s c gi tr tuyt i bng nhau. Ta ch cn nhp gi tr vo upper value.

Deviation : Sai lch gii hn m v dng khc nhau, khi ta in sai lch gii hn m vo Lower value v sai lch gii hn dng vo Upper value.

Limits : To nn cc kch thc gii hn. Kch thc gii hn trn bng kch thc danh ngha cng vi gi tr sai lch gii hn trn (Upper value), kch thc gii hn di bng kch thc danh ngha tr i gii hn di (Lower value) .

Basic : To mt khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc. Khong cch t ch s kch thc n khung ch nht bng khong cch t ch s kch thc n ng kch thc khi khng chn muc ny.

Precision : Hin th v gn s cc s thp phn c ngha.

Upper value : Hin th v gn sai lch gii hn trn.

17

Lower value : Hin th v gn sai lch gii hn di. Scaling for height : T s gia chiu cao ch s kch thc v ch s dung sai kch

thc. Vertical position : Quy nh im canh l ca cc gi tr dung sai

dang symmetrical. Bao gm 3 kiu (Bottom, middle, top).

Alternate Unit Tolerance: quy nh cch thc gn chnh xc cho kch thc lin kt.

Precision : Hin th v gn chnh xc cho dung sai kch thc lin kt. Zero suppression :


4. Hatch.

Command : BHATCH

The Hatch Type : C 3 mu mt ct :

Predefinied : Cho php ta chn mu mt ct trong file ACAD.PAT. C 3 loi mt ct l ANSI (American National Standards Institute), ISO (International

Standards Organisation) v Other Predefined

Custom : Chn mu mt ct c to t cc file .PAT

User Defined : Dng chn mu cc on thng song song. Khi ta nhp vo khong cch gia cc ng (spacing) v gc nghing (angle) ca hatch.

18

Swatch (mu mt ct) : Hin h mu mt ct chn. Nu chn mu mt ct l Solid th swatch hin th thuc tnh mu ca hatch.

Custom pattern : Chn cc mu la chn cha trong file .PAT Pattern : Chn cc mu c sn trong file ACAD.PAT Angle : Gc nghing ca hatch Scale : T l phng Iso pen with : Nu chn mu theo ISO th cho php chn chiu rng ca but khi xut

bn v ra giy Double : Ch c tc dung khi ta chn User Defined Pattern. Double Hatch cho php ta

tao thm cc ng mt ct vung gc. Hnh thnh li vung lin tip nhau. Pick points, Select objects : Chn mt vng khp kn. Remove Island : Bo i mt vng nho trong vng chn Inherit Properties : Ly mu mt ct t mt hatch t trn bn v Associative : Nu chn muc ny th hacth s t ng bm dnh ly cc ng bin. Cu

th l khi ta di chuyn ng bin hay mt object bn trong hatch, Hatch s t ng thay i bm ly cc object v boundary.

Th Advanced Island detection style : Chn kiu v mt ct nh m t trong hnh kem theo :

19

Object type (mu mt ct) : Nu chn Retain boundaries th ng bin sau khi hatch s tr thnh dang polyline hoc Region..

Buondary set : Chn khi xc nh ng bin bng pick point. Current viewport : Ch gii han trong ca s nhn

hin hnh. Chn new chn mt gii han cho lnh pick point.

Khi buondary set s thnh Existing set

Island detection method : m t cch xc nh cc island.

Food : Cc island c xem l cc i tng bin.

Ray casting : D tm ng bin theo im ta ch nh theo hng ngc chiu kim ng h.

One color : Phi gia mu c chn v mu trng.

Tint : Mu nh.

Shade : Mu m.

Two color : Phi gia hai mu c chn.

Center : ng tm.

Angle : gc quay ca mu.

5. Lnh LineType.

Command : Linetype

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Hp thoi LineType Manager.

Global scale factor (lnh ltscale) : quy nh t l phng to hay thu nh ng thng ( Dng khi ng thng khng phi l nt lin)

Current object scale (lnh celtscale) Quy nh t l dng ng cho i tng sp v. V d : Khi bin ltscale bng 2, bin celtscale bng 0.5 khi i tng sp v s c t l dng ng l 1.

Linetype filters : Lc cc ng hin th trn linetype manager. Nt invert filter l ph nh ca hp filter .

6. Block v Thuc tnh ca Block.

6.1. Block Command : block.

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Name : Ti a 255 k t. Object.

Retain : Gi li cc i tng chn nh l cc i tng ring bit

Convert to block : Chuyn tt c cc i tng thnh group lun.

Delete : Xa tt c cc i tng chn sau khi to block. Preview icon : Cho php xem trc block nh mt Icon. Drag and drop units : Ch nh n v ca block trong trng hp c s thay i t

l khi ko t AutoCAD DesignCenter vo bn v. Description :

Hyperlink :

6.2. Thuc tnh ca Block nh ngha thuc tnh Thuc tnh l thnh phn ca mt block c th l dong ch nh kem theo khi (block).

N nh cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh v cc dong nhc hin th khi chen block vi thuc tnh. To thuc tnh cho khi. Lnh Attdef (Define attributes) : Cho php nh ngha cc thuc tnh ca block. Thi

thc hin lnh Attdef hp thoai sau s hin ln :

22

Cc la chn ca hp thoai Attribute Definition nh sau : Mode :

Attribute modes : Phng thc thuc tnh. Gm 4 la chn xc nh c xut hin v gi tr thuc tnh : Invisible. Constant, Verify v present.

Invisible : sau ki chen block vi thuc tnh th thuc tnh s khng hin ln trn mn hnh. La chn ny s giup cho vic ti tao bn v c nhanh hn. Cc c th iu khin lai s hin th ca cc thuc tnh bng vic thay i lai la chn trong lnh Attdisp.

Constant : cc gi tr thuc tnh s khng thay i. Khi soan tho Prompt trn vng attribute s c che i.

Verify : khi chen block cng cc thuc tnh th dong nhc thm tra lai s chnh xc ca cc thuc tnh va nhp s c hin ln.

Preset : AutoCAD khng cho php nhp gi tr thuc tnh khi s dung lnh insert chen, tuy nhin thuc tnh ny c th thay i bng lnh Attedit.

Attribute : gn d liu cho cc thuc tnh (attribute data). Ban c th nhp ti a 256k t, Du gach ch (\) s thay cho k t trng. Nu ban mun nhp k t \ th phi nhp hai k t gach cho canh nhau.

Tag : Xc nh tn ca tag. C th cha k t bt k ngoai tr du cch v du chm than. AutoCAD s t ng thay th ch thng thnh ch hoa.

Prompt : nh dong nhc thuc tnh, s c hin th khi ban mun chen block cha thuc tnh. Nu ban chn constant th vng mode ny s khng hin ln.

Value : nh ngha gi tr mc nh ca thuc tnh.

Insertion point : nh v tr cho thuc tnh. Nhp gi tr ta hoc chn pick point nh v tr im trc tip chen trn bn v.

Text options : gn cc nh dang k t cho ch (attribute text).

Justification : nh im canh l cho dong ch thuc tnh (Nh lnh DText)

23

Text Style : nh kiu ch cho dong ch thuc tnh.

Height : nh chiu cao ca dong ch thuc tnh. Nhp gi tr vo ny hoc chn height< nhp chiu cao bng cch nhp hai im trn bn v. Nu ban nhp chiu cao ca Text style trong lnh Style th height s b m i.

Rotation : Ch nh gc nghing cho dong ch thuc tnh. Nhp gc quay vo rotaion. Nu ban chn Align hoc fit trn danh sch justufication th la chn ny s c che m i.

Align below previous attribute definition : sp xp cc attribute tag ngay bn di thuc tnh nh ngha trc ( cho trng hp block c nhiu thuc tnh). Nu trc ban cha tao bt k mt thuc tnh no th la chn ny s m i.

Hiu chnh cc nh ngha thuc tnh. Lnh Ddedit (vit tt ED). Bng Edit Attribute Definition hin ra nh sau :

Ban c th chnh lai cc thng s ca thuc tnh ri n nut OK. Ngoi ra ta c th s dung lnh change thay i cc nh ngha thuc tnh hin c.

Gn thuc tnh cho block. gn thuc tnh cho block ta gn thuc tnh cho block khi nh ngha block ngha l

khi tao block ta chn thm nh ngha. Trnh t chn cc thuc tnh quy nh trnh t hin th cc dong nhc khi ban chen block

vi thuc tnh bng lnh insert. Chen block vi thuc tnh vo trong bn v. Chen block c thuc tnh bng lnh insert cng nh chen block bnh thng. Tuy nhin

nu bin ATTDIA = 1 th xut hin hp thoai Enter Attributes, trn hp thoai ny ta nhp cc gi tr thuc tnh. Phu thuc vo s lng cc thuc tnh m ta gn cho block m ta c s lng cc TextBox nhiu hay t. Ngc lai nu ATTDIA = 0 th hp thoai ny s khng c hin ln. ta nhp cc thuc tnh ca block di dong lnh.

24

Ximang

ViNaComex

14 iu khin s hin th ca cc thuc tnh. Lnh Attdisp iu khin s hin th ca cc thuc tnh block tai bn v hin hnh. Bin

ny l ON th s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block. Bin ny l OFF th cc thuc tnh ny s khng c hin th ln. Vic tt s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block khi khng cn hit s lm cho bn v c ti tao nhanh hn.

Command: attdisp

Enter attribute visibility setting [Normal/ON/OFF] : of

Regenerating model.

Cp nht thay i. Lnh Attsync cho php cp nht nhng g thay i ca block ch nh vi cc thuc

tnh hin hnh xc nh cho block. V du khi thay i cc thuc tnh, sau ta nh ngha lai block. Dng lnh AttSync

update lai cc thuc tnh ca block.

Command: attsync

Enter an option [?/Name/Select] : ?

25

Attributed blocks: 123

Enter an option [?/Name/Select] : N

Enter name of block to sync or [?]: 123

Chn block cn cp nht chn select. Nhp ? lit k danh sch block c. Ch nh tn ca block cn cp nht chn Name.

Hiu chnh thuc tnh ca block. Hiu chnh thuc tnh bng lnh Attedit Lnh Attedit cho php ban hiu chnh cc thuc tnh ca block chen vo trong bn

v. Khi nh lnh ny hp thoai Edit Attribute s hin ln. Tuy nhin lnh ny ch cho php hiu chnh block vi thuc tnh mt cch ring l.

Lnh -Attedit

Edit attributes one at a time? [Yes/No] : N Sa nhiu thuc tnh mt luc Performing global editing of attribute values.

Edit only attributes visible on screen? [Yes/No] :

Enter block name specification : Chn tt c cc block Enter attribute tag specification :

Enter attribute value specification :

Select Attributes: 1 found chn Ximang ca block th nht.

Select Attributes: 1 found chn Thep ca block th hai. Select Attributes: 1 found Chn Ximang ca block th ba

Select Attributes:

3 attributes selected.

Enter string to change: Ximang Thay nhng chui l Ximang thnh chui Cat Enter new string: Cat

26

Trc khi hiu chnh

Ximang

ViNaComex

12

Ximang

ViNaComex

21

Thep

Viet Uc

25

Sau khi hiu chnh

Cat

ViNaComex

12

Cat

ViNaComex

21

Thep

Viet Uc

25 Hiu chnh thuc tnh bng lnh Eattedit. Lnh Eattedit (hoc nhy kp chut) hp thoai Enhanced Attribute Editor c hin

th :

Command: Ettedit

Select block reference:

Nu block ban chn khng cha thuc tnh hoc i tng chn khng phi l block th xut hin dong thng bo li. Ban phi chn lai block khc.

27

Select Block : chn block trn bn v. Apply : Cp nht cc thay i cu thuc tnh.

Attribute :

Hin th Tag, Prompt v Value gn cho mi thuc tnh

Value : Gn gi tr cho thuc tnh c chn.

Text Options : gn cc thuc tnh cho text. Cc la chn nh trong hp thoai tao thuc tnh cho block.

TextStyle :Kiu text thuc tnh s hin ln mn hnh.

Justification : Ch nh im canh l cho text thuc tnh.

Height : Ch nh chiu cao dng ch thuc tnh.

Rotation : Ch nh gc quay thuc tnh dng ch thuc tnh.

Backwards : Ch nh dng ch thuc tnh i xng theo phng thng ng.

Upside down : Ch nh dng ch thuc tnh i xng phng ngang.

Oblique Angle : Ch nh nghing dong ch thuc tnh.

28

Propertie : xc nh lp cha thuc tnh chiu rng nt in, dang ng, mu,.

Layer : Ch r lp cha thuc tnh

LineType : ch nh dng ng.

Color : ch nh mu ca text thuc tnh.

Plot Style : Ch r kiu in ca thuc tnh. Nu bn v s dng kiu in hin hnh l kiu in theo mu th bng ny s c lm m i.

LineWeight : Ch r chiu rng net ca thuc tnh.

Hiu chnh cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh. S dung lnh Battman hiu chnh cc tnh cht thuc tnh ca nh ngha block. Khi

nh lnh Battman hp thoai Block Attribute Manager hin ln nh sau :

Chn Edit th hp thoai Edit Attribute s hin ln nh sau :

29

The Attribute : nh trnh by trong muc tao thuc tnh. Data : Ban c th sa gi tr ca Tag, Prompt, Default.

The Text Options : chn cc nh dang v ch.

Backwards : i xng theo phng thng ng

Upside down: i xng theo phng ngang.

Cc la chn khc nh trong phn to thuc tnh ca khi.

30

The Properties : bao gm cc la chn v layer, color, linetype,

Nu chn setting th hp thoai setting s hin ln nh sau

Trch thng tin thuc tnh. Sau khi tao v chen block vi thuc tnh vo bn v, ta c th trch thng tin ca block

ra file nh dang ACII (.TXT). Cc thng ny c th c s dung bi mt s phn mm khc.

Lnh Attext (Attribute Extaction).

31

Format file : chn cc nh dang format file AutoCAD duyt qua nh s trnh by di y.

Select Object : chn cc block cn trch thng tin. S lng cc block chn th hin trong Number found.

Output File : chn file s xut thng tin ra.

File thng tin thuc tnh (Format file). Thng tin thuc tnh ch c trch khi tn Tag ph hp vi tn trng c nh ngha

trong file mu. Lnh Attext nh trnh by trn cho ta 3 nh dang ca file mu (format file).

Comma delimited file (CDF)

Space delimited file (SDF)

DXF Format Extract File (DXX)

CDF l nh dang trong thuc tnh ca mi block c chn s c l mt record. Du (,) s tch trng cu mi record, du () bao quanh trng k t.

SDF l nh dang tao ra file cha ng mt record cho mi tham kho block. Mi trng ca mt record c chiu di c nh v khng dung bt k mt du phn cch no gia cc trng cng nh cc chui k t.

DXX l nh dang tao nn tp hp con nh dang file trao i bn v ca AutoCAD trong DXX l mt phn nho ca DXF. File DXX khng oi hoi file nh dang v n theo nh dang ca DXF file.

Cu trc ca file mu thng tin thuc tnh. File mu c trnh cha tt c cc thng tin lin quan n attribute, name, location,

ca block. Sau khi nh ngha file mu, AutoCAD s s dung tao ra cc file thng tin ca block.

V du file mu di y cha tt c cc thng tin c th trch ra t block. Field Format Explanation BL: LEVEL NWWW000 Mc block lng nhau BL: NAME CWWW000 Tn block

BL: X NWWWPPP Honh X im chen BL: Y NWWWPPP Tung Y im chen

32

BL: Z NWWWPPP Cao Z im chen BL: NUMBER NWWW000 Block counter

BL: HANDLE CWWW000 Block handle

BL: LAYER CWWW000 Tn layer khi chn block

BL: ORIENT NWWWPPP Gc quay ca block BL: XSCALE NWWWPPP T l phng theo truc X BL: YSCALE NWWWPPP T l phng theo truc Y BL: ZSCALE NWWWPPP T l phng theo truc Z BL: XEXTRUDE NWWWPPP Thnh phn X ca hng dn ra ca block. BL: YEXTRUDE NWWWPPP Thnh phn Y dng trong v 3D BL: ZEXTRUDE NWWWPPP Thnh Phn Z BL: SPACE CWWWPPP Chen mt khong trng vo v tr ny.

Ngoi cc thng tin trn ta con c th trch cc thng tin thuc tnh i kem ca block (Attributes tag) nh v du sau :

Attribute tag Format

Hang CWWWPPP

Soluong NWWW000

Gii thch nh dang m t (Fomat) : TWWWPPP

T : k t u tin s quy nh gi tr ca thuc tnh l ch hay s (C :character, N : number).

WWW : s quy nh di ca gi tr thuc tnh (bao gm c du phy v du chm phn cch gia phn thp phn v phn nguyn).

PPP : chnh xc i vi s con i vi tt c cc k t ta dng 000.

V du N006002 : quy nh gi tr l s (N), gi tr c th ln ti 999.99 (v 006 bao gm c du chm v 002 cho php ly chnh xc ti 2 ch s thp phn).

V d v file mu . S dung trnh soan tho NotePad tao ra file

vl.txt c ni dung nh sau :

BL : NAME C004000

BL : X N008002

BL : Y N008002

BL : SPACE C002000

TENVL C012000

HANG C006000

KHOILUONG N008000

Khi file trch thng tin ca ta c dang nh sau :

33

Xut thng tin thuc tnh block bng lnh Eattext nh lnh Eattext, hp thoai Attribute Extraction wizard hin ln :

Drawings

Select object : chn mt hoc nhiu block.

Current drawing : chn tt c cc thuc tnh ca tt c cc block c trong bn v.

Select drawing : chn bn v khc. Drawing files : ng dn ca file cha block cn trch thng tin.

34

Include xrefs : bao gm cc thng tin thuc tnh ca cc tham kho ngoi. Include nested blocks : bao gm cc thng tin ca cc block lng.

Use template : s dung cc dnh dang mu (file template). No template : khng s dung cc dnh dang mu (file template).

35

Chn cc thng tin cn trch ra trong hp attributes for block. Chn cc block s trch thng tin trong hp blocks.

Chn anternate view chuyn i gia cc kiu nhn.

Ghi lai cc thit lp va thao tc ln sau dng lai. File template c dang *.BLK

36

Ta c th ghi lai cc thng tin trch di dang cc file khc nhau. V du nh Excel :

6.3. Qun ly cc block. S dng Acad Design Center Ta c th s dung ca s acad Design center qun l cc block. C th ly cc block

t bn v khc, c th preview trc, ri ko th vo bn v ca mnh. S dng chc nng ko th ca Window Khi ta lm vic vi Internet Explore ta c th s dung chc nng ko th cc icon (cc

file ca AutoCAD) chen vo bn v. Cc bn v c chen vo nh l mt i tng block.

7. Ghi cc thit lp mi trng bn v thnh TemPlate.

8. Cc ty chn trong menu Option

III. Gii thiu Express Tools.

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Chng 2 : LAYOUT V IN N (6 tit)

I. Lm vic vi Layout

1. Paper Space Khi nim v vng nhn tnh v ng Vng nhn tnh (Tiled Viewport)

AutoCad cho php ban chia mn hnh thnh nhiu hnh ch nht. Ban c th hin th cc vng nhn khc nhau ca bn v trn cc hnh ch nht . Muc ch phuc vu cho vic quan st bn v mt cch d dng hn. Vng nhn tnh ch c trong Model Space (MS).

Mt s c tnh ca Tiled Viewport :

Khng quant trng l ban c bao nhiu khung nhn, chung lun lun c sp sp canh nhau v ph kn ton mn hnh

Tai mt thi im ch c mt khung nhn Active. Khung nhn Active lun c vin m

Crosshair ch xut hin trn Active viewport

UCS (User Coordinate System) Icon lun xut hin tai tt c cc khung nhn

S thay i ca cc i tng bn v trn mt khung nhn s ngay lp tc s c th hin trn cc khung nhn con lai.

AutoCAD cho php ban tao ra ti a 96 khung nhn

Ban c th bt u lnh t mt khung nhn v kt thuc lnh mt khung nhn khc.

Ngoi ra ban con c th ghi lai cu hnh ca cc khung nhn, phuc vu cho muc ch khi phuc lai cc khung nhn nu mun.

Vng nhn ng (Floating Viewport) Vng nhn ng ch c trong Paper Sapce (PS), ban ch s dung n khi mun th hin

mt vng ca bn v trn MS trong PS. Theo mc inh, ch c mt Floating view (FV) trong mt PS. Tuy nhin ban c th tao ra nhiu hn mt nu ban mun.

FV c mt s c tnh sau

Khng ging nh Tiled Viewport (TV), FV l mt Object tht, ban c th xo, move v stretch n. Ban c th hin th n trn layer ring bit, v con c th bt tt ch hin th ng bao ca n. Chung khng in y mn hnh nh TV m ban c th t do thit k kch thc v v tr ca chung.

Trong PS, Crosshairs khng b gi han trong mt vng nhn ng.

Ban c th thit lp s hin th ca UCS Icon trong tng FV

Ban c th tao nhiu FV trong PS v chung s c lu lai cng vi bn v.

Tt c nhng g ban v trn MS u c trong PS. Tri lai, nhng g ban v trn PS ch tn tai trn PS, khng tn tai trn bn v khi ban tr v MS.

Sau khi ban v xong trong MS, ban chuyn sang PS v. Trn khng gian PS ban c th v thm or chnh sa cc Object trn MS bng cch Double click vo FV. Khi FV lm vic ging ht nh TV.

Khi nim : Tab Layout cho php truy sut n 1 vng c gi l Paper space. Trong paper space (PS), ban c th chen title block, tao cc layout viewport, dimension v thm cc notes trc khi in bn v.

PS v MS l 2 khng gian lm vic ring l. Trong PS ta c th tham chiu n 1 hoc nhiu vng ca MS vi cc t l khc nhau thng qua cc ca s (viewport).

Mc ch : Ngi ta thng s dung PS trong trng hp

C nhiu hnh v vi t l khc nhau trn cng mt bn v (V k thut XD).

Mun in hnh v vi cc gc nhn khc nhau trn cng mt bn v (v kin truc).

Mun in hnh v vi cc gc xoay khc nhau (in tuyn ng trong cu ng)

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Cc bc

u tin ta v cc hnh v trn MS

Sau chuyn sang PS chen cc Note, dimension v cc leader. Cc thao tc vi PS Trong PS ban cng c th view, edit cc PS Object nh layout viewport v tile block. Mc nh ca CAD, mt bn v c 2 layout tab, c tn l Layout1 v layout2. Tuy nhin

n s c tn khc nu ban s dung cc template khc. Ban c th tao mt layout bng cc cch sau : Add new layout without setting sau s thit lp cc thng s cho n sau. S dung chc nng Creat layout wizard v thit lp ngay cc thng s cho n. Import layout t mt bn v c sn (DWG or DWT)

Add a new Layout

Click insert menuLayout New Layout. Enter the name of the new layout on the command line.

A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, choose the layout tab.

To import a layout from a template

Click Insert menuLayoutLayout from Template. In the Select File dialog box, select a DWT or DWG file to import a layout from

Click Open.

In the Insert Layout(s) dialog box, select a layout to import.

A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, click the layout tab.

To create a layout using a wizard

Click Insert menu Layout Layout Wizard. On each page of the Create Layout wizard, select the appropriate settings for the

new layout.

Trong PS, Bn cung c th : Duplicate a layout

Rename a layout

Delete a layout

Rearrange layout tabs

Make a layout current

Sctivate the previous layout

Click Select All Layouts.

Plot a layout

2. Cc thao tc trn Viewport ca Paper Space

2.1. To cc Viewport u tin ban chuyn sang Paper Space, sau dng lnh MVIEW. Trong Layout, ban c th tao nhiu ca s Viewport khc nhau, ban c th b tr, sp

xp cc viewport theo muc ch ca ban. Theo mc nh, Autocad cho php ban tao ti a l 64 viewports , ta c th thay i s lng viewport bng cch thay i bin h thng MAXACTVP.

Trong Viewport ta cng c th v cc i tng bn v nh trong Model space. Ngoi ra ta con c th tham chiu n mt vng bn v no ca Model Space vi mt t l t sn. tham chiu n mt vng no ca Model Space ta dng lnh MSPACE sau chn viewport m tat ham cn hiu chnh.

S dung chc nng zoom t bn v trong Model Space vo Paper Space vi t l nh mong mun.. Tai y ta cng c th chnh sa, thm bt cc i tng ca m trng Model Space. Cc thay i ny s c ghi lai trong Model Space.

quay v mi trng Paper Space ta nh lnh PSpace.

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2.2. Ct xn ng bao Viewport Autocad cho php ban ct xn cc ng bin ca viewport phuc vu cho cc muc

ch ring ca ban. Lnh Vclip cho php ban ct xn thep mt hnh ch nht hay polygon bt k. Cu php nh sau :

Tai dong lnh nh vpclip. Select the viewport to clip : chn viewport cn ct xn. Enter d (Delete) to delete the clipping boundary : nhn D xa ng bin ct

xn trc . Enter p (Polygonal) : nhn P tao ng bin a gic ct xn mi. Specify points, or select the object, to define the new viewport boundary.

Shortcut menu Select the viewport to clip, right-click in the drawing area, and then

choose Viewport Clip

2.3. T l trong tng Viewport

Ban c th t t l trong tng viewport bng lnh zoom nh ni trn, tuy nhin t vi mt t l chnh xc bng cch thay i t l ca viewport trong ca s Propertie (Ctrl_1).

V du : gi s t l v trong bn v l 1 : 25, ta t trong MiscCustom : 0.04. Nu mun c nh t l cng nh khung nhn, ban chuyn la chn Display locked

2.4. Layer trong tng Viewport Layer c th n hin trong tng Viewport khc nhau l khc nhau.

Ct th 4 (Freeze) : c chc nng ng (tan) bng cho tt c cc viewport. Ct th 12 (Freeze Viewport) : c chc nng ng (tan) bng cho tng viewport. Ct th 13 (Freeze Viewport) : c chc nng ng (tan) bng cho tt c cc viewport

mi sp c tao.

2.5. n hin viewport n hin viewport phu thuc vo trang thi thng s On trong

th Misc ca ca s Properties khi ta chn ng bao ca ca s viewport.

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2.6. n hin ng bao viewport n hin ng bao ca cc viewport, ban tao ra mt layer mi cha ng bao ca

viewport m ban mun n hin n. Sau , vic n hin ng bao s phu thuc vo trang thi bt tt ca layer cha ng bao.

2.7. Scale LineType Qun l t l Line Type trong Paper Space thng qua bin h thng Psltscale. PsLtScale = 1 : t l dang ng s c nhn vi t l phng ca viewport. PsLtScale = 0 : t l dang ng s c gi nguyn nh trong Model Space cho d

ban c phng in t l bao nhiu i chng na.

2.8. Cc hiu chnh khc i vi Viewport Quay s hin thi trong Layout, dng thng hang cc khung nhn, tao khung nhn mi,

chnh t l khung nhn. Tham kho lnh MvSetup.

3. Cc ch y khi in nhiu t l trong mt bn v u tin tao cc Dim c bn. Cc dimstyle khc s c tao da trn dimstyle c

bn ban u, bng cch thay i . Cn chu khi o kch thc, khong cch t dim n i tng dim phi ph hp

vi t l in ca i tng . Cc thit lp Page setup ging nh trong Plot (xem phn sau). Kt lun : Nhn chung, i vi bn v cn in n vi t l tuyt i chnh xc, cc bn v

kin truc cn ct xn khung nhn th nn dng Paper space. Con i vi bn v bnh thng th khng cn v trn Paper Space

II. iu khin in n. Trong cc cng ty nho, sau khi hon thnh bn v, ngi ta nguyn c bn v

mang ra qun in v thng nht vi qun in cc nt in. Trong cc cng ty ln hn, sau khi hon thnh bn v, h s quy nh ng nt in.

thng nht ng nt in, ngi ta s tao ra mt file c ui l *.ctb nm trong th muc C:\Documents and Settings\User\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2006\R16.2\enu\Plot

Styles, sau s lu file ny lai v copy cho tt c mi thnh vin trong cng ty. (file ny ta s nghin cu k hn phn sau)

i vi cc cng ty c quy m ln, nhiu b mn chung mt xng in. Ngi ta s in bn v ra di dang file c ui *.PLT. File ny c th in bt k my in no m khng cn n phn mm AutoCad. N tng t nh khi ta chuyn cc file vn bn sang *.PDF in n. i vi cc loai file ny, ta khng cn quan tm n font, ng nt. V ung nt c t khi ra in ra file.

1. Khai bo thit b in.

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in n, vo menu file Plot hoc n t hp phm (Ctrl_P). Hp thoai Plot hin ra nh sau :

Trong muc Page setupname l tn ca Page setup. Ban c th import Page setup t cc bn v khc. Page setup c lu cng vi file dwg. Sau khi ban khai bo xong tt c cc thng s bn di, ban n vo Command box Add thm mt Page setup vo trong bn v ca ban.

Chn my in trong muc Printer/plot. Chn kch kh giy Paper size. Chn vn in trong Plot area , s c 3 la chn nh hnh bn, ty theo

muc ch s dung ca ngi in. Display : vng in l ca s hin hnh ca bn v. Extents : vng in l c bn v. Limits : vng in l vng limits ca bn v Window : vng in l mt ca s m ban s nh ngha sau . iu chnh l ca giy in trong Plot offset (origin set to ptintable area) Xem trc khi in trong muc Preview. iu chnh t l in trong Plot Scale. iu chnh hng in (giy nm ngang hay thng ng) trong muc Drawing orientation. iu chnh in n trong m hnh 3D As displayed : nh hin th trn mn hnh. Wireframe : theo m hnh khung dy (hin th

ng bao ca i tng) Hiden : bo qua nhng i tng, nhng ng

bao b che khut bi mt i tng khc.

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Rendered : Render tt c cc object trc khi xut bn. Plotstyle Table : iu khin nt in. y l phn quan trng nht. V du chn kiu nt in : A4.INKIEM.CTB. cc file ny c lu trong th muc

C:\Documents and Settings\User\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2006\R16.2\enu\Plot

Styles.

Di y l ngha mt s kiu in c sn :

tao mi, ban chn new. Hp thoai new hin ln nh sau : Chn Start from scratch.

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My s tao ra file test.ctb

Bn vo nut Plot style table editor hiu chnh nt in

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Color : Chnh mu ca cc nt v. Nu ban khng in mu th nn chuyn n thnh mu en.

2. In ra file *.PLT

Ch cn tch vo nut , sau bm nut lnh Plot, my s hoi tn file vo ng dn ca file *.plt.

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Chng 3 : LM VIC VI D LIU (6 tit)

I. Tham kho ngoi

1. Gii thiu v tham kho ngoi. Tham kho ngoi l s lin kt mt bn v bt k (c gi l bn v chnh) vi mt

hay nhiu bn v khc (gi l bant v xref External references). Nu ta chen mt bn v vo trong mt bn v th bn v c chen s c nh dang l mt Block v s c lu cng vi bn v chnh. Nu ta chnh bn v c chen th block s khng c cp nht lai. Nu ta chen mt bn v vo trong nhiu bn v khc di dang block th vic cp nht block khi block c vi s thay i s rt mt thi gian v ta phi thay i lai cc block trong tt c cc file chen.

Nhng nhc im trn s c khc phuc th ta dng chc nng tham kho ngoi ca AutoCAD. Khi bn v tham kho s c lu ring, khi bn v tham kho thay i th tt c cc bn v tham kho n n s t ng thay i theo. Vic dng tham kho ngoi rt hu ch khi lm vic vi nhng d n ln. c bit l khi ta chia s ti nguyn bn v trn mang.

2. Chen mt xref vo bn v Lnh Xattach

Lnh Xattach cho php ta chen mt bn v vo bn v chnh di dang tham kho ngoi.

Command : Xattach

Hp thoai Select reference file hin ln. Ta chn file cn chen vo bn v chnh. Sau kich Open, hp thoai External Reference hin ln :

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Browse : Thay i bn v chen vo. Found in : ng dn ca bn v xref. Path type : quy nh kiu ng dn l tuyt i hay tng

i, hay khng kem theo ng dn. Cc la chn ny quy nh Save path. Ban c c th kim tra kt qu ca tng la chn ca mnh trong Save path.

Reference Type : kiu chen

Attachement : cho php hin th cc xref lng nhau.

Overlay : khng cho php hin th cc xref lng nhau. Cc la chn v Intertion Point, Scale v Rotation tng t nh lnh insert.

Lnh Xref. Lnh xref chen mt bn v tham kho ngoi (bn v xref) vo trong bn v chnh.

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Nut Tree View cho php ta nhn cu truc cy ca xref. Danh sch c lit k theo bng ch ci. Cc xref lng c sp xp theo mc lng (hnh cy).

Attach : chen mt xref vo bn v chnh. Khi n vo nut lnh ny th hp thoai External Reference hin ln (nh trnh by trn).

Deattach : hy bo xref c chn. Bn v s nhe i rt nhiu

Reload : c lai file xref. Thng s dung khi file xref va c s thay i

Unload : G bo xref c chn ra khoi bn v. Khc vi Deattach, Unload vn lu lai ng dn ca file xref. Nu ta mun c lai file ny ch vic n vo nut Reload.

Bind : Quy nh s rng buc ca xref vi bn v chnh. Bm vo hp thoai s hin ln (trnh by sau)

Open : m file xref trong mt ca s mi, tng ng vi lnh Xopen. Ta c th thay i file xref, sau quay lai bn v chnh cp nht lai (reload trong hp thoai Xref Manager) s thay i ca bn v xref.

Thay i file bng nt Browse. Sau nhn Save path ghi lai ng dn

Khi bm vo nut Xbind ca hp thoai Xref Manager th hp thoai Bind Xrefs hin ln nh sau (phn ny cng tng ng vi vic dng lnh Xbind):

Bind : cc i tng ca bn v xref s c ni tip vo bn v chnh

Insert : cc i tng ca bn v tham kho s khng l thnh phn ca bn v chnh.

3. M mt xref t bn v chnh Xopen

Xopen cho php ta m mt xref ra mt ca s ring. Command: Xopen

Select Xref:

Chn xref m ra ca s ring. External Reference Open

Chn file xref trong hp External Reference sau kich nut open.

4. Hiu chnh xref t bn v chnh. T phin bn AutoCAD 2002 cho php ta sa file xref ngay trn bn v chnh sau

lu tr lai (Save back)

4.1. Lnh Refedit (Reference Edit).

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Identify reference

Reference name : Chn tn xref cn sa, s cy s th hin c cc reference lng nhau. Lu l mi ln ta ch sa c mt xref, nu ta chn xref (VD drawing 1 nh hnh v) cha xref lng (drawing 2) sa th ta cng ch sa c xref cha xref lng (drawing 1) ch khng sa c xref lng (drawing 2). Do vy mun sa xref no ta chn xref sa.

Path : Hin th ng dn ca xref m ta chn. Automaticlly select all nested objects : tt c cc objects trong file xref s c chn. Prompt to select nested objects : kch hoat ch chn cc object trong file tham kho

m ban mun sa.

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Setting

Create unique layer, syle, and block names :

Nut ny c chn th lp v k hiu c thay i (tn c tin t l $#$), tt c cc object trong file tham kho s nm trong layer ny.

Nu nut ny khng c chn th cc tn layer, block v style s hin ln nh bnh thng.

Display attribute definitions for editing : Nu chn th cc thuc tnh s c hin th v ta c th sa chung, sau khi ta ghi lai th cc thuc tnh trong bn v gc s thay i theo, cc thay i ch c th thin ra kha ta chen cc thuc tnh sa ra bn v.

Lock objects not in working set : Nu chn ch ny th tt c cc object ca bn v chnh s b kha lai, chung ta khng th hiu chnh c chung.

Khi tao sa mt file tham kho ngoi th cc i tng khc m ta khng chn sa s m i. Tuy nhin n ch m i khi bin shademode c t l 2D wireframe.

Command: shademode

Current mode: 2D wireframe

Enter option [2D wireframe/3D

wireframe/Hidden/Flat/Gouraud/fLat+edges/gOuraud+edges] : 2D

4.2. Thm, bo bt cc i tng khoi working set (Lnh refset). Command: refset

Transfer objects between the RefEdit working set and host drawing...

Enter an option [Add/Remove] : a (chn them hay b bt bn i tng) Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found

Select objects: 1 Added to working set

4.3. Lnh refclose Sau khi hiu chnh xong bn c th ghi lai hay khng ghi lai cc thay i bng lnh

Refclose.

Command: refclose

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The following symbols will be added to Xref file:

Blocks: Ghe

Enter option [Save/Discard reference changes] : s

Regenerating model.

2 objects added to test

1 xref instance updated

test redefined and reloaded

Enter option :

Save : ghi lai nhng thay i trong bn v Xref.

Discard reference changes : khng ghi lai s thay i. .

Nu ban chn ch ghi lai, xref s t ng reload lai. y l s khc bit gia lnh Xopen v lnh Refedit.

4.4. Mt s bin h thng lin quan n xref. Bin RefEditName : cha tn bn v tham kho ngoi ang c sa. Bin Xedit : iu khin bn v hin hnh c th c php sa i cc bn v tham

kho hay khng.

0 : khng th s dung sa i file tham kho tai bn v chnh.

1 : c th s dung sa i tham kho tai ch. Bin BindType : Bin iu khin cc tn tham kho c qun l nh th no kho rng

buc hoc sa i trn bn v chnh.

0 : theo phng php rng buc truyn thng (tn Xref|Symbol tr thnh Xref$0$Symbol).

1 : theo phng php ging nh chen (tn Xref|Symbol tr thnh Symbol)

Bin Xfadectl : Bin ny iu khin m nhat ca cc i tng khng nm trong ca s chnh sa xref (Working set). Gi tr ca Xfadectl (Controls the fading intensity percentage) thay i t 0 n 90 (tng ng vi 0% m nhat v 90% m nhat)

5. iu khin s hin th ca mt xref. Ban c th iu khin s hin th ca cc lp c trong xref ban c th ch nhn thy

cc lp cn thit m thi. C mt s tnh nng cho php ban iu chnh qu trnh hin th ca xref, iu khin khung nhn xref, lm tng tc hin th ca cc xref qu ln.

5.1. Xref v cc thnh phn hin ph thuc. Cc thnh phn phu thuc (Dependent Symbol) l cc muc c t tn trong c trong

bn v, chng han nh lp, kiu vn bn, kiu ghi kch thc, Khi ban gn (Attach) mt bn v th cc thnh phn phu thuc ny s c lit k trong bn v chnh. V du trong layer control s hin th cc lp ca xref. Cc thnh phn phu thuc c tn theo nh dang Xref_Name|Symbole_Name. H thng tn ny c giup ta phn bit cc thnh phn ca xref vi cc thnh phn ca bn v chnh.

5.2. Xref v lp. Ban c th bt tt hoc lm ng cc lp ca xref. Ban cng c th thay i cc thuc

tnh thng qua hp thoai Layer Properties Manager. Theo mc nh th cc thay i ny ch c tnh tam thi. Khi ban m bn v ln sau th xref c ti vo bn v chnh v cc xc lp lai tr lai nh ban u. Tuy nhin ban cng c th lu gi cc xc lp ca ban bng cch thay i bin h thng Visretain bng 1. Bin ny s c ngha khi ban ghi bn v lai, ngha l trc ban thay i bin ny nh th no i chng na, trc khi ghi bn v lai AutoCAD s kim tra gi tr ca bin ny quyt nh c ghi lai s thay i ca ban hay khng.

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5.3. Lnh Xbin. Ban cng c th s dung lnh Xbind ch nhp cc thnh phn cn thit t bn v

tham kho vo bn v chnh. iu ny s giup ban c th lm vic trc tip vi mt tp hp thng nht cc thnh phn trong bn v hin hnh v xref.

Chn i tng cn chuyn ri n phm Add-> chuyn sang bn v hin hnh. Tng t ta c th loai bo cc i tng chuyn bng nut

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New boundary : dong nhc sau s c hin ln [Select polyline/Polygonal/Rectangular] :

Select polyline : chn mt ng Polyline sn c lm ng bao, a tuyn c th kn hoc cng c th l mt a tuyn h.

Polygonal : chn cc nh ca mt hnh a gic lm ng bao.

Rectangular : chn cc nh ca mt hnh ch nht. ON/OFF : iu chnh s hin th ca xref.

ON : s hin ln phn ca xref nm trong ng bao

OFF : s hin ln ton b xref. Clipdepth : cho php chn mt phng xn (cliping plane) nm trc hoc sau xref

(chc nng ny ca block cng c trong lnh Dview). Clipd depth ch dng cho v 3D. Dong nhc sau s xut hin :

Delete : la chn ny dng xa ng bao hin c, khi no ta quan st ton b xref hoc block. Lu l lnh Erase khng th xa ng bao xn.

Generate Polyline : AutoCAD s tao ra mt ng a tuyn dc theo ng bao xn. a tuyn mi s c nhiu mu, dang ng, chiu rng nt in v cc trang thi ca lp hin hnh. Ta c th hiu chnh lai ng bao bng cch hiu chnh lai a tuyn ny sau chnh lai ng bao xn bng la chn Seclect polyline ca lnh Xclip.

Bin Xclipframe : Bin ny dng kim tra s hin th ca ng bao xn c tao bi lnh xclip.

Xclipframe = 1 : s hin ln ng bao xn.

Xclipframe = 1 : ng bao xn s khng c hin ln.

5.6. Tng tc hin th ca cc xref ln. gim bt thi gian AutoCAD ti tao lai bn v, ban c th s dung mt s tnh nng

sau tng tc hin th bn v.

Tnh nng ti bn v theo yu cu (Demand loading). Tnh nng ny cho php AutoCAD ch ti cc i tng cn c hin th ca xref.

Ch muc khng gian (spatial index) c tao ra khi ban lu bn v. Ch muc ny ch c tao ra khi ta s dung tnh nng (demand loading). Khi lu bn v AutoCAD s lu cng vi ch muc v cch thc ti cc xref. AutoCAD da trn ch muc ny quy nh nhng phn no ca xref s c c ln hin th.

Ch muc lp (layer index) cng c tao ra trong khi ta lu bn v. AutoCAD s s dung ch muc ny lu lai cc layer b ng hoc b ng bng. Tnh nng ny s quy nh mc xref cn c c bn v c hin th nhanh hn.

Tnh nng ny ch thc s c hiu lc khi :

Tnh nng Demand loading phi c kch hat trong bn v hin hnh.

Xref phi c lu vi ch s khng gian hoc ch s lp.

Xref phi c xn (vi ch muc khng gian) v c lp ng bng hoc ng (vi ch muc lp).

Tnh nng Demand Loading : Kch hat tnh nng ny bng la chn : Tools|Options|Open and Save. Trong danh sch

th xung ca Demand load xrefs chn

Enabled : Nhng ngi khc trong mang h thng c th m bn v xref ny nhng h khng th hiu chnh file khi ban ang tham chiu n n.

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Enabled with copy : AutoCAD s tao ra file nhp (makes a temporary copy of the

externally referenced file and demand loads the temporary file) Xref s c ti vo bn v chnh nh mt bn copy. Khi nhng ngi khc trong mang h thng c th hiu chnh bn v gc ny.

Disabled : ton b bn v xref s c c, ton b layer cng s c c vo bn v chnh.

Ban c th bt chc nng ny trc khi ban ti mt xref ch khng nht thit phi bt

ch ny trong sut thi gian lm vic.

Ch mc khng gian (spatial index) Ban lu mt ch muc cho bn Ch mc lp.

6. Qun ly xref

6.1. ng dn ca cc xref.

6.2. Xref notification Khi mt file xref b thay i ni dung.

Cad s thng bo cho ta bit nh sau : A reference file has changed and may need

reloading. Khi ban cp nht lai bn v th thng bo trn s bin mt.

6.3. AutoCAD DesignCenter. Ban cng c th s dung AutoCAD

Design Center qun l xref.

6.4. File bin bn (log) ca xref. Nu ban xc lp bin h thng XrefCTL