cam nang su ly loi adsl v6

TRUNG TM DCH V BNG RNG M hiu:

Ngy c hiu lc: Ln ban hnh: 01

CM NANG NHN VIN I K THUT DCH V A&P VIETTEL

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Hy ni theo cch ca bn

B QUC PHNG TNG CNG TY VIN THNG QUN I


CM NANG NHN VIN K THUT DCH V A&P VIETTEL

(Dnh cho nhn vin k thut nh trm, dy my)

LU HNH NI B

H NI THNG 6 NM 2009

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BNG THEO DI SA I

STT Trang Ni dung sa i Ngy c hiu lc

Ch

Bin son Kim tra Ph duyt

k

Nguyn ng Tip

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LI NI U

nng cao cht lng sa cha v thi gian dch v ADSL v PSTN ca

Viettel cho khch hng theo cc ch tiu thi gian theo quy nh ca Tng Cng ty i

hi nhn vin k thut nh trm, dy my ti cc i KT-CNKT phi nm rt vng

cc quy trnh, cc k nng cng nh cc kin thc v dch v ADSL v PSTN ca

Viettel.

Vi mc ch trang b cho nhn vin k thut nh trm, dy my nm bt v x

l nhanh nht cc li lm nh hng ti cht lng dch v ca khch hng. B ti

liu ny a ra cc hng dn c bn v vic ci t, sa cha dch v cng nh thng

k mt s li thng gp phi khi s dng dch v A&P ca Viettel trn vi mong

mun da vo cc nhn vin k thut nh trm, dy my c th ci t, x l bo

hng cho khch hng trong thi gian ngn nht. Ngoi ra, b ti liu ny c th c

s dng nh mt ti liu o to ni cho nhn vin k thut i A&P.

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I. CI T MI CHO KH.................................................................................... 5

A. LP T THIT B ........................................................................................................5 B.CU HNH CHO MODEM ADSL .................................................................................11

II. KIM TRA, SA CHA KHI KH BO HNG DCH V ................................ 14 III. HNG DN CI T BRIDGE.................................................................... 22

III.1. DNG CHO H IU HNH WIN XP:...............................................................22 III.2. DNG CHO H IU HNH WIN VISTA: ........................................................26 III.3. CC THNG BO LI THNG GP KHI S DNG CH BRIDGE ...31

IV. MT S LI THNG GP V CCH X L............................................. 32 IV.1. Nhng nguyn nhn ch yu no c th xy ra khi khch hng b s c ADSL vi

hin tng n link sng m khng kt ni c vo mng. ....................................................32 IV.2. Nhng nguyn nhn no c th xy ra khi khch hng b s c ADSL vi hin

tng n link nhy. ..................................................................................................................32 IV.3. Khi khch hng dng chung dch v ADSL v PSTN phn nh cht lng thoi

km, theo bn nguyn nhn u? Cch tm li v gii quyt? ...............................................33 IV.4. Khch hng cn phi lm nhng g hn ch ti a my tnh b nhim virus,

spyware, trnh s tn cng, thm nhp t bn ngoi.................................................................33 IV.5. Khi khch hng dng PSTN b si, r (ting ni nghe khng r)............................34 IV.6. Tn hiu PSTN b xuyn nhiu (nhiu gia cc my m thoi vi nhau)..............34 IV.7. Khng c tn hiu PSTN..........................................................................................35 IV.8. Thit lp cuc gi ch kt ni c 1 chiu ............................................................35 IV.9. Cc cuc gi PSTN b rt mch. .............................................................................35 IV.10. Cc phm quay s trn my in thoi khng ct c s. .....................................36

V. USER V PASSWORD MC NH CA MT S LOI MODEM ................. 37 VI. PH LC ........................................................................................................ 38 VI.1. Mt s cc nh ngha v khi nim c bn...................................................................38 VI.2. S kt ni mng c bn ca nh cung cp dch v Internet ......................................41

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I.CI T MI CHO KH

A. LP T THIT B

1. Trc khi lp t ADSL router cn chun b cc vt t, thit b sau:

2. S lp t thit b ADSL Router ti nh Khch hng.

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3. Thao tc lp t cc thit b ADSL: Bc 1: u i cp ADSL vo hp dim (s 1 v 2). Bc 2: Gn Filter (splitter) vo cng Phone (hoc POT) ca hp dim nu s dng dch v

thoi, FAX (3) Bc 3: Ni cng Data ca hp dim (4) hoc cng Data ca Filter(7)vo cng Wan ca

Modem ADSL (5) bng cp in thoi RJ11.

Bc 4: Ni t cng Phone ca Filter (s 6) vo h thng in thoi v Fax. dng c

dch v ADSL ng thi vi dch v thoi th tt c h thng dng thoi hoc Fax u phi ni sau Filter.

Bc 5: 5.1 Trng hp ni vo mng LAN:

Ni cng LAN ca Modem ADSL (8) vo card mng ca My tnh hoc cng RJ45 ca Hub/Switch (9).

5.2 Trng hp ni vo my tnh c nhn, s dng cng USB:

Trng hp my tnh khng c card mng th bn c th ni cng USB ca Modem ADSL vo cng USB ca my tnh.

Bc 6: Cp ngun cho Router

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4. Kt ni Modem vi my tnh: Vic kt ni c th s dng Cp mng hoc cp USB a. Kt ni bng cp mng UTP-Cat5.

Bc 1: Ni cng LAN ca Modem ADSL vo card mng ca my tnh Khi u dy, n LAN trn modem phi sng. Nu n LAN trn modem khng sng-

>kim tra li cp mng, cc gic cm, thay th modem khc, hoc kim tr xem Card mng my tnh c c enable hay khng bng cc bc sau ( hng dn thc hin trn h iu hnh WinXP)

T mn hnh ch c biu tng , a con tr vo v tr , kch chut phI, xut hin ca s lnh

kch chut tri vo dng Properties, trn mn hnh my tnh s xut hin 1 ca s mi lnh, trong c biu tng di y

(C th n bc ny bng vic vo Start -> Settings->Control Pannel. Kch p biu tng Network Connection)

Nu biu tng ny mu en th kch p chut tri vo, n chuyn sang mu xanh, hoc bng cch a con tr vo biu tng, kch chut phi, khi s xut hin ca s nh k bn, kch chut tri vo dng Enable .

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Khi n LAN sng -> kt ni vt l thng. Bc 2: Khai bo a ch IP trn my tnh. Khai bo a ch IP theo 1 trong 2 cch :

- Khai bo IP ng - Khai bo IP tnh

T mn hnh trc, ta kch chut phi vo Biu tng Kt ni mng v chn Properties.

Trn mn hnh my tnh s xut hin 1 ca s mi, trong c biu tng di y

Hy tch vo Show icon in a notification area when connected v Notify gip chng ta chuyn biu tng kt ni mng ln thanh Taskbar ca my tnh cng nh cnh bo v hin trng kt ni trn my tnh

Kch p vo dng , mn hnh s xut hin ca s tip theo

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9 Nu khai bo IP ng th chn 2 dng

V ng cc ca s trn li. Hon tt vic khai bo theo phng thc cp IP ng. 9 Nu khai bo IP tnh th chn 2 dng

Khai bo cc thng s IP address/ Subnet mask/ Default gateway (theo nhu cu s dng mng LAN ca khch hng).

Khai bo DNS1: 203.113.131.1 v DNS2: 203.113.131.2 i vi cc khch hng thuc KV1, cn KV3 s l 203.113.188.1 v 203.113.188.2

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Bm OK ng cc ca s trn li.

Bc 3: Kim tra kt ni logic gia modem v my tnh T mn hnh ch, kch nt Start chn Run nh cmd i vi WinXP . Khi hin ra mn hnh ch ca DOS g lnh ipconfig xc nh IP ca my tnh

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Cm nang nhn vin i k thut A&P

S dng lnh ping n a ch IP ca Router

Hnh trn cho bit kt ni gia my tnh v modem ADSL tt. Nu khng c thng bo nh trn th phi tin hnh kim tra li kt ni, IP gia my tnh v modem ADSL

b. Kt ni bng dy USB Sau khi dng dy USB kt ni modem v my tnh, ta phi ci t phn mm nhn

dng modem, phn mm ny c trong a i CD theo modem ( tu theo modem, c cc cch

ci t khc nhau, kt ni ny ch p dng vi modem c cng USB). Khi ci t xong phn

mm, ta c th cu hnh modem ngay m khng cn thc hin cc thao tc ging nh trng

hp dng cng LAN.

B.CU HNH CHO MODEM ADSL

Sau khi lp t xong vt l, ta kim tra tnh trng kt ni ca Router ADSL bng

cc n tn hiu cc n tn hiu Power bo ngun; n Link/DSL/ADSL bo tn hiu kt ni

ADSL v n LAN/Ethernet bo tnh trangh kt ni Ethernet.

Nu cc u u sng, n Link/DSL/ADSLng ngha l cc kt ni vt l ca trn modem ADSL c kt ni thnh cng. Kim tra kt ni logic gia my tnh v modem tt, ta tin hnh ci t modem qua giaodin Web Bc 1: M trnh duyt Web (Internet Explopre hoc Fifox) v nhp vo a ch IP ca modem

VD : http://192.168.1.1 hoc http:// 192.168.1.254 Bc 2: Nhp vo username v password ng nhp vo Router

Trung tm Dch v Bng rng Viettel Telecom 11/41


Bc 3: Ci t thng s Internet (WAN) t ca s giao din ca Router - Chn mc WAN hoc mc Interface setup/ internet hay l mc Internet setup trn ca s mn hnh giao din ca Router. Cc thng tin ci t cho mc vi mng Viettel:

9 VPI : 8 v VCI : 35 9 Loi Encapsulation : PPPoE LLC 9 Username v Password ca khch hng c cp

Bc 4: Save- Lu li cu hnh ci t cho Router. Khi ng li modem Bc 5: Kim tra kt ni mng cho khch hng



Sau khi modem khi ng li v n tn hiu ADSL ng, ta ping n DNS ca Viettel test kt ni v th m 1 trang web bt k bng trnh duyt web. Nu t my tnh KH vo c mng th qu trnh ci t thnh cng,

Nu khng vo c mng, kim tra li cc thng s ci t modem. Sau khi chc chn qu trnh ci t c thc hin chnh xc, m vn khng vo c mng ta tin hnh quay Bridge xc nh li v c th gi in thoi h tr t NOC. *Ghi ch: Hng dn khch hng cch s dng modem.

II.



KIM TRA, SA CHA KHI KH BO HNG DCH V

Khi thu bao khng truy cp c internet, NVKT tin hnh mt s bc kim tra nh sau: Bc 1: Kim tra tnh trng vt l nh Modem ca khch hng bt cha, trng thi n trn modem c tn hiu n ADSL (link) c sng khng. Dy LAN hay USB cm vo my tnh hoc Switch mng Lan ca KH cha.ng trc mt modem c cc n biu hin trng thi, trong quan trng nht l 3 n :

Power : n bo ngun Link/DSL/ADSL : n bo tn hiu kt ni ADSL USB: n bo kt ni vi my tnh qua cng USB LAN/Ethernet: n bo kt ni trong mng LAN

Mt trong cc n trn m tt hoc nhp nhy ( hoc ) ty vo tng loi modem th s dn ti tnh trng mt kt ni internet. Cc li thng gp v cch x l nh sau:

Li Nguyn nhn v cch cch x l n Power tt - Kim tra adaptor v ngun in ph hp

- Kim tra cng tc ngun ca router n LAN/Ethernet tt

- Kim tra cp ni gia PC v Router - Kim tra card mng c hot ng - Kim tra b Card mng trong my c b Disable

n USB tt - Nu Modem kt ni vi my tnh qua cng USB th n USB phi sng,n ADSL/Line tt hoc nhp nhy

Khng c tn hiu ADSL. Tin hnh: - Cn kim tra u ni t hp u ni n splitter v modem - Nu thu bo A lp t cng ng in thoi c nh -> kim tra ng dy in thoi, nu khng c tn hiu -> kim tra, x l ng cp thu bao.

Bc 2: Kim tra my tnh ca KH v tnh trng kt ni gia my tnh vi Modem, IP ca my tnh, IP Default gateway ang c ci t. Vo Start -> Run-> G CMD vo DOS v nh ipconfig /all Nu mn hnh hin ra nh sau:



=>Card mng c trng thi khng hot ng (disable), thc hin kch hot (Enable) card mng ca my tnh =>Vo Start->Settings-> Control Panel->Kch p biu tng Network connections->Phi chut vo biu tng Local Network Connection v chuyn con tr chut n dng Enable, nhp nt chut tri.

Sau tin hnh kim tra li vic nh lnh ipconfig /all. Nu h thng hin th y IP,subnet , default cng nh DNS th ta chuyn sang bc 3 kim tra kt ni my tnh v modem ADSL

Ngoi ra ta c th kim tra tnh trng kt ni gia my tnh vi modem thng qua vic kim tra biu tng kt ni mng taskbar ( biu tng 2 my tnh trng ln nhau ti gc di bn tri mn hnh)

Li trn biu tng kt ni Cch x l Gch cho X (mu ) B mt kt ni gia my tnh v modem, kim tra cp kt

ni gia modem(hoc switch) n card mng trn case my tnh c thng nhau hay khng, c b t hay b lng khng? Trng hp cm chc chn ri m vn c gch cho th c kh nng l t ngm cp.

Chm than mu vng Card mng my tnh cha c t IP-> Ci t li a ch



IP, DNS ca my tnh Chm than mu vng v c thng bo v conflick IP

C 2 my tnh trong mng LAN t cng 1 a ch IP, dn ti vic xung t a ch IP. t li a ch IP cho mt trong 2 my. Cch t a ch ip xem Hng dn ci t IP v DNS

Bc 3: Ping t PC n Modem kim tra kt ni t my tnh n modem c tt hay khng. Thng thng tr ca kt ni ny khong 1ms v khng c mt gi

Nu kt qu tr v l 4 dng reply from .... chng t kt ni tt. Nu kt qu lnh l cc dng request timed out th kt li b li, khi cn t li thng s mng ca my tnh v IP, Subnet cho ph hp. Trong trng hp ta ko bit a ch IP v username v password login vo Modem ta s tin hnh reset ly li thng tin ban u ca Router bng cch n im reset pha sau mi Router.

Bc 4:Kim tra kt ni t PC n nh cung cp dch v: bng vic ping t my tnh n DNS server. Cc DNS server ca Viettel ti cc KV nh sau:

a. KV1 : 203.113.131.1 v 203.113.131.2



b. KV2: 203.113.169.1 v 203.113.169.1 c. KV3: 203.113.188.1 v 203.113.188.1

VD: Vo m hnh DOS g lnh ping 203.113.131.1 Nu kt qu ca lnh l cc dng reply from ....th kt ni Internet tt v chuyn sang

bc 5. Nu khng -> cn reset li modem (tt ngun, sau bt li). Sau tt c cc bc kim tra trn, nu vn khng truy cp c Internet th gi s in thoi h tr. Bc 5: S dng trnh duyt web v truy cp cc trang web kim tra kt ni. Mt s website KH hay truy cp

- Trong nc: www.vnexpress.net, www.dantri.com.vn... - Quc t: www.yahoo.com, www.google.com, ...

Bc 6: Khi c nghi ng v tc truy cp Internet, cn kim tra theo cc bc sau:

Truy cp v download mt s file trn trang web kim tra tc kt ni mng ca KH. Ti KV1 c th truy cp trang http://download.viettel.com.vn kim tra

Nu truy cp vo tt c cc trang u chm, c th my tnh b nhim virus hoc modem c vn . Ta c th s dng thm mt s lnh khc trn my tnh kim tra hot ng ca h thng (Xem chi tit ti Mt s lnh trn DOS thng s dng kim tra h thng. Cn kim tra tng bc tm ra nguyn nhn hoc gi s in thoi h tr. **Lu tc download m trnh duyt thng hin th l KB/s , do tnh tc sang kbps nhn s KB/s vi 8. V d: kt qu o l 100 KB/s ngha l tc ng truyn ca KH t c lc l 100*8=800 kbps Phn on li v cch x l mt s trng hp li khi cc n tn hiu trn modem u tt v kt ni vt l trn my tnh tt

Li Phn on li v cch x l T my tnh khng ping c n modem

Nguyn nhn c th do cp kt ni khng tt hoc kt ni IP gia my tnh v modem cha thng. 1. Cm cht li kt ni cp gia modem v my tnh 2. Kim tra kt ni IP gia PC v Modem bng vic kim

tra li IP ca my tnh v Modem c cng mng khng. Nu khng th ci t li IP, DNS ca my tnh

3. Nu khng bit chnh xc a ch ca Modem th tin hnh reset modem v cu hnh mc nh ca nh sn xut. a ch mc nh ca tng loi modem tham kho trn trang web hng dn ci t cc loi modem

Ping t my tnh n modem c nhng cht lng khng tt, thnh thong c kt qu tr v

Kt ni vt l ( cp) gia my tnh v modem khng tt. y c th l nguyn nhn khin mng chp chn. 1. Tin hnh kim tra li cp kt ni gia modem v my

tnh



Request timed out. 2. Nu my tnh khng kt ni trc tip modem m qua mng Lan ( switch) ca KH th c th do mng Lan ca KH khng tt->

a. Kt ni trc tip modem vo 1 my tnh vi 1 si cp tt test li loi tr li ti mng LAN ca KH

b. Nu kt qu ping trc tip tt, yu cu v h tr KH kim tra li mng LAN.

Khng login vo c Router ADSL mc d ping t PC n modem tt

- Kim tra Username v password login. Nu khng nh thng tin trn -> reset modem v cu hnh mc nh ca nh sn xut v s dng User name v password mc nh - Kim tra phn mm Firewall trn my chn kt ni, Proxy trn trnh duyt-> b Proxy v tm thi tt tng la kim tra li

Ping trong mng LAN n Modem tt nhng khng ping c n a ch DNS Server ca nh cung cp dch v v ko vo c mng

Nguyn nhn do modem cha c cu hnh ng cc tham s hoch c th do DNS li hoc cm ping. Tuy nhin nguyn nhn do DNS rt t xy ra. 1. Kim tra li cu hnh ca modem ng hay cha 2. S dng phng n quay Bridge xc nh nguyn

nhn li thng qua m li tr v khi s dng ch ny v lin h NOC phi hp x l.

Ping ra internet bng a ch IP tt nhng khng ping c n cc a ch website theo tn min

Nguyn nhn do khng phn gii c tn min ca Website hoc Website c bo mt, cm ping. Tin hnh kim tra nh sau 1. Nu ping n tn Website m vn tr v a ip, vic ny

do website cm ping m thi. Ping n cc Website khc C:\>ping cisco.com Pinging cisco.com [198.133.219.25] with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Request timed out

2. Nu ping n a ch Website m khng tr v a ip. Kim tra li thng s t cho DNS trn card mng, sau s dng lnh NSLOOKUP trong DOS ca WINDOW kim tra.

Ping ra internet tt nhng khng truy cp c cc Website bng trnh duyt

- Kim tra li trnh duyt c ci t Proxy - Kim tra firewall trn my (nu c)

Mt s lnh thng dng trn DOS



vo DOS, vi Win XP: Vo Start chn Run -> g cmd v command i vi Win98. Khi hin ra bng en g lnh.

9 Ping: s dng kim tra xem mt my tnh c kt ni vi mng khng, tr t my tnh vi im ch. Thng qua kt qu tr v i vi tng gi tin, bn c th xc nh c tnh trng ca ng truyn (chng hn: gi 4 gi tin nhng ch nhn c 1 gi tin, chng t ng truyn mt gi (xu)). Hoc cng c th xc nh my tnh c kt ni hay khng (Nu khng kt ni,kt qu l Unknow host)....

Ngoi ra lnh ping c nhiu tham s c th s dng nh:

ping /t hoc ping -t: S dng tham s ny my tnh lin tc "ping" n my tnh ch, cho n khi bn bm Ctrl + C ping /a: Nhn a ch IP t tn host ping /l : Xc nh rng ca gi tin gi i kim tra. ping s /n : Xc nh s gi tin s gi i 9 Ipconfig: Lnh ipconfig dng xem thng tin v ip address, default gateway,

subnet mask.

Ngoi ra lnh cn c nhiu t kha thc hin nhiu chc nng nh di y:



ipconfig /? :hin th s tr gip ipconfig /all : xem kt ni ca my vi mi trng bn ngoi (LAN v WAN). ipconfig /release :hy b cu hnh ip hin tai ipconfig /renew :thay a ch ip mi cho card mng ipconfig /flushdns :lm sch vng m dns ipconfig /displaydns :hin th ni dung ca b m phn gii dns ipconfig /registerdns :lm ti tt c dhcp v ng k li dns name. 9 Nslookup: Kim tra hot ng ca DNS c tt hay ko? Nu tt DNS lun tr v kt

qu t tn min c tht thnh a ch IP nh sau

9 Tracert: Kim tra tr trn tng chng kt ni t PC KH n 1 s a ch website

9 Pathping: kim tra mt gi trn tng chng t PC KH n 1 a ch ch ( nhn

vo t l Lost/Sent = Pct ) nh gi cht lng kt ni trn tng Node



9 Netstat: cho php ta lit k tt c cc kt ni ra v vo my tnh.

Chng ta c th s dng lnh ny c th pht hin ra cc kt ni bt thng trn my

tnh. V d: Chng ta tt cc ng dng ang chy trn my v nh lnh kim tra s lng kt ni trn my tnh, nu s kt ni nhiu bt thng v c nhiu a ch kt ni l ang kt ni -> c th l nguyn nhn ca virus hoc cc phn mm gin ip b ci ln my

C php: Code: Netstat [/a][/e][/n] - Tham s /a: Hin th tt c cc kt ni v cc cng ang lng nghe (listening) - Tham s /e: hin th cc thng tin thng k Ethernet - Tham s /n: Hin th cc a ch v cc s cng kt ni...

9 Telnet: gip kt ni kt ni n 1 thit b qua 1 cng xc inh C php: Code: telnet host port G telnet /? bit thm chi tit. V d : telnet vnexprerss.net 80

Cng dng: + Kt ni n host qua port xx



III. HNG DN CI T BRIDGE III.1. DNG CHO H IU HNH WIN XP: a. Bc 1:

- Vo Start =>Setting=> Control Panel => Bm chn Network Connection, nhn pha bn tay tri mn hnh chn dng Create New Connection Wizard.

- Giao din New Connection Wizard hin ra => bm Next tip tc.

b. Bc 2:

- Bm chn vo ty chn th 1 Connect to the Internet => bm Next tip tc.



c. Bc 3:

- Bm chn vo ty chn th 2 Set up my connection manually => bm Next tip tc.

d. Bc 4:



- Bm chn vo ty chn th 2 Connect using a broadband connection => bm Next tip tc.

e. Bc 5:

- G tn i din (ty thch) vo khung ISP Name => bm Next tip tc.

f. Bc 6:



- Bm chn vo dng My use only => bm Next tip tc.

g. Bc 7:

- G User name v Password truy cp Internet (Do Viettel cung cp) vo khung User name v Password.

- Nhp li password mt ln na vo khung Confirm password => bm Next tip tc.

h. Bc 8:



- Bm chn Add a shortcut to this connection to my desktop to mt biu tng nm trn nn Desktop, nu bn khng mun hin ra ngoi Desktop th c th khng Click vo n.

- Bm Finish hon thnh qu trnh ci t.

III.2. DNG CHO H IU HNH WIN VISTA: a. Bc 1:- Vo Start => chn Network



b. Bc 2:

- H thng t ng Search kt ni cc my tnh trong LAN

- Click nt phi chut vo mc Network => Properties



c. Bc 3:

- Xut hin bng Netwoking and Sharing Center => Chn mc Manage network connections

- Chn Set up a connection or network => Chn Connect to the Internet => bm Next tip tc.



d. Bc 4:

- Chn Setup a new connection anyway

e. Bc 5:

- Chn Broadband (PPPoE)

f. Bc 6:

- G User name v Password truy cp Internet (Do Viettel cung cp) vo khung User name v Password.



- Nhp li password mt ln na vo khung Confirm password.

- Check vo Allow other people to use this connection nu ng cho php cc user khc s dng chung kt ni => Chn Connect

g. Bc 7:

- Sau , h thng s bt u qu trnh kt ni Internet.



III.3. CC THNG BO LI THNG GP KHI S DNG CH BRIDGE 9 Li 691: Access denied because uername/or password was invalid on the domain.

o Do KH nhp sai username v password. Yu cu KH nhp chnh xc li. Vi username th ch phi g y account@tngigi (@homeC, @viettelmobile.hn).

o Do KH sai port tn hiu yu cu set li port cho KH. o Do trng thi account KH b kho cc, b tm ngng hay chm dt. o Do KH nhp sai domain.

9 Li 678: The remote computer did not respond. o Do mt tn hiu kt ni gia Modem v DSLAM. o Do modem cha enable ch bridge. o Kim tra xem dy LAN ni t my tnh n modem c b lng khng. o Do modem khng nhn c tn hiu ADSL. o Do port tn hiu b li (li card DSLAM, li truyn dn). o Do modem khch hng b li.

9 Li 734: The PPP link control protocol was terminated o Li do ny t pha nh cung cp, ghi nhn thng tin v chuyn sang h thng kim

tra

9 Li 769: The spcified destination is not reachable. o Kim tra li card mng enable cha. o Kim tra li a ch IP ca card NIC xem c cng gii a ch IP ca modem

khng.

o Kim tra li dy LAN ca my tnh xem ng chun m nh cung cp thit b yu cu cha, nu ng chun ri m vn khng c th ta phi kim tra cht lng ca dy LAN ang s dng xem c tt khng.

o Kim tra li card NIC nhn ng driver hay card NIC c b li hay khng. o Kim tra li cc thng s ca Viettel trong modem c chnh xc hay khng:

VPI=8, VCI=35.

9 Li 731: The protocol is not configulation. o Li do my tnh thiu giao thc h tr TCP/IP: ci t li giao thc TCP/IP.

9 Li 651: The modem has reported an error. o Vi cc modem ch c chc nng bridge do driver modem b li hoc modem b

li.



IV.MT S LI THNG GP V CCH X L IV.1. Nhng nguyn nhn ch yu no c th xy ra khi khch hng b s c ADSL vi hin tng n link sng m khng kt ni c vo mng. 9 Nguyn nhn th nht: khch hng thng bt modem 24/24h khng tt nn khi s

dng trong mt thi gian khong vi ngy lin modem rt nng dn n hin tng b treo c khi b hng (hin tng l trao i d liu rt km, c vi pht l b out mng, thay modem khc l tt ngay). Cch khc phc l a ra khuyn co vi khch hng trong qu trnh s dng, nh cui ngy trc khi i ng nn tt cho modem ngh v modem ni

9 Nguyn nhn th hai: do modem b mt cu hnh do khch hng t ng reset ri khng ci li c hoc do khi khch hng s dng thng xuyn tt bt ngun, s tt bt ngun lin tc khi modem chy nng cng thng dn n hin tng mt cu hnh ca modem. Cch khc phc l hng dn cch ci t v cch s dng modem cho KH

9 Nguyn nhn th 3: dn n hin tng ny l cht lng ng dy, port khi ng dy (port) khng tt hoc cc mi ni b move hoc trn i dy b t mt si, th modem vn ng b c nhng lu. Khi gp hin tng ny ta vn Ping ti c DNS ca nh cung cp, nhng hin tng out mng ch xy ra khi ngi dng bt u s dng Internet tc l c ti trn ng dy, th hin tng out s din ra ngay u tin l tr rt ln ri n request time out. Cch khc phc l trc ht ta phi chn dy thu bao, phin v dp u ni c cht lng tt v hng dn nhn vin lm trc tip cch s dng v i dy mt cch tt nht.

9 Nguyn nhn th 4: My tnh ca khch hng b nhim virus (ch yu l troyjan hoc Spyware) hin tng ny rt hay xy ra v kh thuyt phc khch hng nht. Khi my tnh b nhim Virus th Window s b li v thng xuyn y d liu mt cch t ng ln mng vi mt lng ln. Khi my tnh y d liu nhiu dn n modem khng x l c dn n treo ng truyn thm tr cn treo lun LAN. C khi ng li modem ta ch s dng c mt lc l hin tng trn xy ra. Cch khc phc l khuyn khch hng nn ci chng trnh dit virus va nh va hiu qu block cc loi virus m my tnh dnh phi.

9 Nguyn nhn th 5: c th do h thng server ca nh cung cp nh AAA, DNS, BRAS b li, hay thiu IP cp cho user, nu gp trng hp ny ta nn lin lc vi phng k thut x l.

IV.2. Nhng nguyn nhn no c th xy ra khi khch hng b s c ADSL vi hin tng n link nhy. 9 t cp hay chp cp (cp gc, cp ngn, dy thu bao, dy line, dy ngm nh khch

hng). khc phc tnh trng trn ta phi ni li cp v lm tt cng tc bo dng h tng nh: go cp, nng cao cp

9 Do li port trn phin (chp do ma, phin bn khng n). khc phc ta nn thay cc phin v cc hp cp hng, bng phin mi v hp cp mi m bo cht lng.

9 Do Modem nh khch hng b hng (shock in, chy ), dn n khng ly c ng b. Cch khc phc l th bng mt modem mi vi mt ngun in n nh.



9 Do card trn DSLAM hng cng mt ng b, lin lc vi t k thut thay card mi.

IV.3. Khi khch hng dng chung dch v ADSL v PSTN phn nh cht lng thoi km, theo bn nguyn nhn u? Cch tm li v gii quyt?

Do dch v PSTN v ADSL dng chung trn mt i dy thu bao nhng ch c cht lng thoi km th c cc nguyn nhn sau.

9 Nguyn nhn pha u cui. o Do cht lng b Splitter khng m bo. o Do cht lng in thoi khng m bo. o Nguyn nhn pha nh trm. o Mi dy u nhy gia thit b DSLAM v tng i PSTN khng tt. o Card splitter ca thit b DSLAM tng ng vi port ang cung cp cho khch

hng c vn . o Card thu bao ca tng i PSTN c vn .

9 Nguyn nhn ph (rt kh xy ra): hin tng nhiu bng tn ca thoi do cc yu t mi trng bn ngoi.

o Cch tm li v hng gii quyt: p dng phng n kim tra t thit b u cui v n thit b ti phng my. u tin kim tra cht lng in thoi (thay bng mt in thoi tt th), thay b splitter (thay bng mt b splitter tt th), kim tra mi dy u nhy gia thit b DSLAM v tng i PSTN, i port trn thit b DSLAM, i port trn tng i PSTN, thay i dy cp trc, thay i dy thu bao (lu n hng ko mi ca i dy thu bao).

IV.4. Khch hng cn phi lm nhng g hn ch ti a my tnh b nhim virus, spyware, trnh s tn cng, thm nhp t bn ngoi. 9 Yu cu khch hng thc hin qut virus, spyware nh k. Ci t firewall trn my tnh

gim st lung d liu, kt ni ra vo my tnh, thng xuyn cp nht bn v li ca Windows.

9 Vi rt my tnh ly lan qua ng no? o C rt nhiu con ng m Vi rt c th ly lan. o Tt c cc vi rt v nhiu su gn nh khng th pht tn tr khi bn m hoc

chy mt chng trnh b nhim. o Nhiu vi rt nguy him nht ch yu pht tn qua cc phn nh km vi th in

t - cc tp c gi cng vi mt thng ip th in t. Vi rt c khi chy khi bn m tp nh km (thng bi nhn p vo biu tng nh km).

o Vi rt ly lan qua cc h thng khi thc hin chia s file/code gia cc h thng trong c h thng b nhim vi rt.

9 Tc hi ca vi rt o Cc vi rt c th ph hy phn mm, phn cng v cc tp tin ca cc chng

trnh trn cc thit b b nhim.



o Chim dng b nh, lm chm cc tin trnh, pht sinh thm nhiu cc

9 Bi

Internet firewall trn windows OS. Dng cc chng trnh pht hin, cnh bo v dit vi rt ly qua mng: ISA-WEB,

IV.5. Kh g ni nghe khng r) 9 Ngu n

o in trong i dy khng tt (dy chp nhau). in tr cch t khng tt (dy tip xc vi t, hoc vt dn in khc c th

9 Cch x

o

in thoi t hp phn on t t hp cp cui n

IV.6. Tn hi9 Ngu n

c ma hin.

9 Cch x

connnection l.

n php ngn chn vi rt ly lan qua ng truy cp internet. o Ngi s dng cn nng cao thc v vn vi rt.

Dng thit b firewall, chng trnh oo

Norton Antinvirus, ZoneAlarm, i khch hng dng PSTN b si, r (tiny nhn. o Do cht lng ng dy khng tt.

Do in tr cch o Do

tip xc vi t).

l o Kh nng do my in thoi ca khch hng hng. Dng in thoi t hp kim

tra tn hiu ti t hp cp cui. Nu tn hiu tt s dng in thoi t hp kim tra tn hiu ti nh khch hng so sch thit b ca khch hng. Kh nng do dy thu bao. Dng in thoi t hp kim tra tn hiu ti t cp cui. Nu tn hiu tt kim tra ng dy thu xem in tr cch in trong i dy c tt hay khng (dy chp nhau) cht lng in tr cch t (dy tip xc vi t, hoc vt dn in khch c tip xc vi t) hay khng. S dng ng h o chuyn dng xc nh im hng sau khc phc im hng. Kh nng do cp. Dng otrm xc nh im hng kim tra li on cp li v thay i cp khc sau v sinh t hp cp, phin.

u PSTN b xuyn nhiu (nhiu gia cc my m thoi vi nhau).

y nhn. o i dy (gia 2 thu bao khc nhau khng tt). o Do m ca on dy i trong tng cao.

Do in tr cch in gia cc

o Do on cp b ngm nc r r. o Do v sinh t hp cp khng tt, dy thu bao i khng ng kiu khin n

vo po Hin tng nhiu bng tn ca thoi do cc yu t mi trng bn ngoi.

l. o S dng in thoi chuyn dng test ti t hp cp cui phn on im hng

v xc nh tnh trng v mc hng hc. o Dng ng h o chuyn dng o xc nh im, v tr hng. o Khc phc im hng thay th on dy thu bao b chp, v sinh cc phin, cc

hi i i cp khc. im tip ni hoc p



o Kim tra ti nh khch hng xem c b nhiu cc tp m t bn ngoi t trng

IV.7. Khng9 Ngu n

ng dy thu bao b t, chp.

o t b.....). 9 Cch x

o

ng i

n xc nh do li card, mt truyn dn hay mt ngun thit b.....

IV.8. Thit kt ni c 1 chiu (Gi i khng gi c hoc ngc li) 9 Ng

u trnh ng cc ca khch hng c li nn dn n cc ca khch hng

o 9 Cch x

o rn h thng v lin lc trc tip vi khch hng

ch hng vn bnh thng.Dng in thoi chuyn in thoi ca khch hng v t vn cho khch hng

ha hay thay th.

IV.9. C c

khng. Kt hp vi k thut trung tm hoc cng ty x l. c tn hiu PSTN.

y nhn. o oi, dy line, hp dim, b lc spliter (nu khch hng dng chung

c ADSL v PSTN). Do my in th

o Do o Do cp, phin.

Do thit b h thng (li card, mt truyn dn,mt ngun thi

l. o Kim tra dy line, hp dim, b lc spliter (nu khch hng dng chung c ADSL

v PSTN) (th b lc spliter test) xem c b li khng. Dng in thoi th kim tra xc nh so snh vi my in thoi ca khch hng.

o Dng in thoi th kim tra tn hiu ti hp cp cui phn on im hng, nu ti hp cp cui c tn hiu th dng ng h o chuyn dung kim tra cht lng dy thu bao xem c t hoc chp khng khc phc im hng bng cc mi ni hoc thay th.

o Dng in thoi th kim tra tn hiu ti hp cp cui phn on im hng, nu ti hp cp cui khng c tn hiu th kim tra phin v cp t t hp cp cui ln n trm xc nh im hng. Nu lng phin th bn li dy, nu hcp th thay th bng i cp khc.

o Cn nu mt tn hiu nhiu khch hng trong mt khu vc nt trm th kim tra li phn o

lp cuc gi ch

uyn nhn. o Do q

b kho 1 chiu. Do my in thoi ca khch hng (My kho chiu gi i, n hay b hng).

l. Kim tra cc ca khch hng t xc minh thm thng tin chi tit. Nu khch hng cha ng cc th thng bo cho khch hng tnh trng v yu cu khch hng ng cc.Nu khch hng ng cc v c s ho n th yu cu phng Chm sc khch hng kim tra li v m cc cho khch hng.

o Nu tnh trng cc ca khdng test so sch vi my v sa c

c uc gi PSTN b rt mch.



9 Nguyn nhn.

o t lng mng cp ngoi vi, cp thu bao.

9 Cch xy in thoi ca khch

ng h o xc nh cht lng ng dy xem c b suy hao khng. thit b chuyn mch xem c b li khng.

IV.10. quay s trn my in thoi khng ct c s. 9 Ng

y in thoi ca khch hng.

9 Cch x l. o Dng in thoi th kim tra xc nh so snh vi my in thoi ca khch

hng. o Dng ng h o xc nh cht lng ng dy xem c b suy hao khng.

o Do cht lng my in thoi. Do ch

o Do h thng lung, thit b chuyn mch. l.

o Dng in thoi th kim tra xc nh so snh vi mhng.

o Dng o Gi ln tng i kim tra v lung v

Cc phmuyn nhn.

Do moo Do cht lng mng cp ngoi vi, dy thu bao.



V.USER V PASSWORD MC NH CA MT S LOI MODEM

STT Tn Modem IP User Pass 1 3COM 192.168.100.254 root root 2 ZOOM X3 X4 X5 10.0.0.2 admin zoomadsl 3 ZOOM X5V 10.0.0.2 admin zoomvoip 4 ZOOM X6 192.168.1.1 admin zoomadsl 5 ZYXEL 192.168.1.1 admin 1234 6 SMARTLINK 192.168.1.1 admin admin 7 LINKPRO 192.168.1.1 admin adslroot 8 PLANET4100 10.0.0.2 admin epicrouter 9 PLANET 3400 192.168.1.254 admin admin 10 PROLINK 9200 192.168.1.1 admin password

11 SMARTAX MT882A (HUAWEI - VIETTEL) 192.168.1.1 admin admin

12 LINKSYS 192.168.1.1 admin admin 13 D-LINK 192.168.1.1 admin admin 14 ALLIED TELESYN AT-AR236E 192.168.1.1 manager friend 15 ASUS 192.168.1.1 admin Admin 16 AUSLINX AL-2007 10.0.0.2 admin epicrouter 17 AZTECH 10.0.0.2 admin 18 BLUE COM 192.168.1.1 admin admin 20 BILLION 5200 (Viettel) 192.168.1.254 admin admin 21 COMPEX MRL21E 192.168.1.1 admin password 22 CNET (4PORT) (LAN) 10.0.0.2 admin epicrouter 23 DYNALINK RTA100 192.168.1.1 root root 24 DRAYTEK 2700(VIGOR) 192.168.1.1 admin admin 25 DARE GLOBAL 192.168.1.1 admin password 26 GVC 10.0.0.2 admin epicrouter 27 HAYES 10.0.0.2 admin hayesadsl 28 HUAWEI MT880 192.168.1.1 admin admin 29 PTI 825 192.168.1.1 admin admin 32 TENDA 192.168.1.1 admin admin 33 TRENCHIP 192.168.1.1 admin admin 34 TRENDNET TEW-411BRP 192.168.1.1 admin admin 35 TPLINK TD-8817 192.168.1.1 admin admin 36 TRENDNET TW100 192.168.1.1 admin 1234 37 UTSTARCOM 192.168.1.1 Admin utstar 38 TENDA 192.168.1.1 admin admin



VI. PH LC VI.1. Mt s cc nh ngha v khi nim c bn

1. ADSL(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) l vit tt ca thut ng ngha l ng dy thu

bao s bt i xng. Trn kt ni ADSL h tr tc download nhanh hn tc upload hay tc

nhn v nhanh hn tc truyn i.

Cc c im k thut ca ADSL: Trn cng mt ng dy in thoi c th s dng ng thi dch v thoi/fax vi dch v ADSL. thc hin iu ny, cng ngh DSL s dng dy bng tn thp cho thoi v dy bng tn cao cho DSL. Tc download ti a: 8Mbps, nhanh hn modem Dialup 56Kbps l 140 ln. Tc upload ti a: 896Kbps 9 Khng cn phi thc hin quay s nh dch v Dialup 9 Khng cn phi tr cc ph ni ht do dch v do thc hin kt ni khng cn quay s

qua mng in thoi 9 Nhiu my tnh c th s dng cng mt ng dy ADSL

2.DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer): thit b tp trung cc ng dy thu bao k thut s truy nhp a thnh phn. Thit b ny cung cp nhiu loi truy nhp dch v khc nhau nh: internet tc cao (xDSL), VoD, video multicasting, E-commerce, C mt s loi DSLAM hin ang s dng: 9 DSLAM ATM: Huawei MA5105, Huawei MA5103, Huawei MA5100, Alcatel ASAM

7300. 9 DSLAM IP: MA5303, MA5300, ECI SAM960, ECI M82C, Zyxel IES5000.

3.AGG SWITCH: thit b tp trung cc DSLAM, iu khin dch v, qun l ngi dng, cho php u ni mng theo nhiu gii php, AGG Switch c t phn tn trn ton quc v c th c s dng u ni KH FTTH Mt s loi Switch hin ang s dng: 9 Switch ATM: Huawei MA5100. 9 Switch IP: Huawei S6506R, ZTE T64G, ZTE T160G

4. CORE SWITCH: thit b tp trung cc AGG SWITCH. Thng c t ti cc tng trm ln. 5.BRAS (Broadband Access Server): thit b qun l ngi dng, iu khin tnh cc, qun l a ch (MAC, IP), iu khin dch v v qun l bo mt

Mt s loi BRAS hin ang s dng:



9 Huawei MA5200F, Huawei MA5200G, Redback SE800 Router.

6.DNS (Domain Name System) l H thng phn gii tn c pht minh vo nm 1984 cho Internet, ch mt h thng cho php thit lp tng ng gia a ch IP v tn min.

Tn min internet gip ngi s dng d nh hn cc a ch IP nh l 208.77.188.166 (IPv4) hoc 2001: db8: 1f70:: 999: de8: 7648:6 e8 (IPv6).

V d: www.example.com dch thnh 208.77.188.166. a ch cc DNS Server ca Viettel :

HNI: DNS1: 203.113.131.1 ; DNS2 203.113.131.2 HCM: DNS1: 203.113.188.1; DNS2: 203.113.188.2

7.I CH IP nh ngha: a ch IP (IP l vit tt ca t ting Anh: Internet Protocol - giao thc lin mng) l mt a ch n nht m nhng thit b c s dng giao thc IP dng nhn din v lin lc vi nhau trn mng my tnh. Mi a ch IP l duy nht trong cng mt cp mng.

Mt cch n gin hn: IP l mt a ch ca mt my tnh khi tham gia vo mng nhm gip cho cc my tnh c th chuyn thng tin cho nhau mt cch chnh xc, trnh tht lc. C th coi a ch IP trong mng my tnh ging nh a ch nh ca bn nhn vin bu in c th a th ng cho bn ch khng phi mt ngi no khc.

a ch IP c th c gn tnh(IP tnh-Static IP) bi ngi s dng hoc gn ng( Ip ng-Dynamic IP) thng qua cng c DHCP (giao thc cu hnh host ng s t ng xc nh a ch IP tm thi) 9 Cc router (b nh tuyn), firewall (tng la) v my ch proxy dng a ch IP tnh

cn my khch c th dng IP tnh hoc ng. 9 Router ADSL hin nay thng ng c vai tr lm my ch DHCP v cp IP ng cho

cc my tnh kt ni vo n Cu trc mt a ch IP 9 IPv4: a ch IP theo phin bn IPv4 s dng 32 bit m ho d liu. a ch IP (IPv4)

c dng nh sau:EFG.HIJ.KMN.OPQ (v d mt a ch IP: 220.231.124.5) 9 IPv6: a ch IP theo phin bn IPv6 s dng 128 bit m ho d liu, n cho php s

dng nhiu a ch hn so vi IPv4. a ch IP phin bn IPv6 ang dn c a vo p dng bi ngun ti nguyn IPv4 ang cn kit do s pht trin rt nhanh ca cng ngh thng tin. Hng lot cc quc gia, t chc trn th gii nhanh chng chun b trin khai a vo s dng theo l trnh bt u t nm 2008 n nm 2010.



a ch Ip Private v a ch IP Public 9 Ip Private l a ch IP c t chc Internet quc t dnh ring ra mt s di IP v

khng bao gi c s dng trn Internet. N thng c s dng trong mng ni b( LAN) ca gia nh, trng hc cc vn phng cng ty, khch sn Cc di IP Private:

10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255 169.254.0.0 through 169.254.255.255 (APIPA only) thng c cp cho my tnh khai cha c a ch IP c th 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255

9 Ip Public l a ch IP c s dng trn mng Internet. Mi 1 a ch IP ngoi Internet l duy nht. m bo cc i ch IP duy nht ngoi Internet th trn th gii c 1 t chc chung (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority- IANA) thc hin vic Qun l vic cp pht a ch Internet trn ton cu. T chc ny chia nhng khong a ch khng d tr thnh nhng phn nh v y thc trch nhim phn phi a ch cho cc t chc qun l ti cc khu vc. Nhng t chc ny s phn phi nhng khi a ch n cc Internet Service Provider (ISP) ln v cc ISP ln ny sau s gn nhng khi nh hn cho cc i l v cc ISP nh hn.

Vic s dng a ch IP

Cc nh cung cp dch v internet(ISP) nh Viettel thng cp 1 IP Public cho cc thit b kt ni ca khch hng (Modem Router ADSL..) n c th kt ni trc tip n ISP cng nh kt ni ra ngoi Internet

Thit b s dng a ch IP private trong mng LAN khng th kt ni trc tip ra ngai Internet . c th kt ni c internet, cc thit b ny phi i qua thit b c tnh nng NAT chuyn i t a ch IP private sang IP public. Trong mng Lan hin thng s dng cc thit b c tnh nang Nat nh Router ADSL, Router Leaseline, Router FTTH... hoc bng cch s dng 1 Proxy Server hay 1 my tnh chy Windows Server 2003 cu hnh nh l 1 Network Address Translation (NAT) Server. Windows Server 2003 cng tch hp chc nng Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) cung cp dch v NAT n gin cho cc Client trong mng Private.



VI.2. S kt ni mng c bn ca nh cung cp dch v Internet


CI T MI CHO KHKIM TRA, SA CHA KHI KH BO HNG DCH VHNG DN CI T BRIDGEMT S LI THNG GP V CCH X LUSER V PASSWORD MC NH CA MT S LOI MODEMPH LCMt s cc nh ngha v khi nim c bnS kt ni mng c bn ca nh cung cp dch v Internet

cam nang su ly loi adsl v6

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