Trakya University  

COMPLEX OF SULTAN BAYEZID II HEALTH MUSEUM

AND TUMATA

Trakya Üniversitesi

Sultan II.Bayezid Külliyesi Sağlık Müzesi Tümata Konseri

Can AKIN

ŞAİR VE FOTOĞRAF SANATÇISI

Avrupa Müze Ödülü

         Müze 2004 yılında Avrupa Konseyi Avrupa Müze Ödülü'nü kazanmıştır. Bu ödül dünyanın en prestijli müzecilik ödüllerinden biridir. 2005 yılında ise Hırvatistan'ın Dubrovnik kentinde yapılan "Dünya Ödüllü Müzeler Buluşması'nda" en iyi 2. sunumu gerçekleştirerek kültürümüzün tanıtımına büyük bir katkı daha sağlamıştır. Müze Avrupa Kültür Mirası Birliği tarafından "Mükemmellik Kulübü'ne" kabul edilmiştir.

Kültürel Mirastaki En Iyiler-Mükemmellik Kulübü En Iyi Sunum Ödülü

                    Saglik Müzesi 31 Ekim-03 Kasim 2007 tarihleri arasinda Almanya'nin Köln kentinde düzenlenen "Kültürel Mirastaki En Iyiler" ve "Mükemmellik Kulübü"nün düzenledigi ödüllü müzeler bulusmasinda en iyi sunum ödülünü kazanmistir. Enver Şengül, Sağlık Müzesi'nin dünyanın en prestijli müzecilik ödüllerinden Avrupa Konseyi 2004 Yılı Avrupa Müze Ödülü'nü kazanmasının yanı sıra 2005 yılında Hırvatistan'ın Dubrovnik kentinde yapılan Dünya Ödüllü Müzeler Buluşması'nda en iyi ikinci sunum, 2005 Yılında Güneydoğu Avrupa Gazeteciler Derneği Yılın Başarı Ödülü, geçen yıl Almanya'nın Köln kentinde En İyi Sunum Ödülü'nü alarak Türkiye'nin ve kültürün tanıtımına büyük katkı sağladığını bildirdi.Şengül, müzenin Avrupa Kültür Mirası Birliği'nce "Mükemmellik Kulübü"ne de kabul edildiğini kaydetti.

Müzeyi hizmete girdiği 2007 yılında 132 bin 825 yerli ve yabancı turistin ziyaret ettiğini, müzeyi ziyaret edenler arasında Bulgaristan ve Yunanistan vatandaşlarının ilk sırada yer aldığını kaydeden Şengül, "Müzemizi geçen yıl da 4 bin 20'si yabancı 126 bin 129 kişi ziyaret etti. Müzemizin diğer bölümlerini de açtığımızda Balkanların ortak kültür mirası olacak" diye konuştu.

TARİHÇE

1488 yılında 8. Osmanlı Padişahı Sultan II. Bayezid tarafından dönemin sosyal devlet ve sağlık anlayışının bir yansıması olarak yapılan külliyenin Darüşşifa bölümünün tıp tarihinde önemli yeri bulunuyor. Hastaların, dönemin tıbbi birikimi yanında müzik ve su sesiyle tedavi edildiği bu mekanlar, 1900'lü yıllarla birlikte kaderine terk edildi. 1984 yılında Trakya Üniversitesince devralınan bu binalar önce restore edildi, daha sonra üniversitenin bazı bölümlerinin uygulama alanı olarak kullanıldı. Bu bölümler daha sonra yeni yapılan binalarına taşınınca burası 23 Nisan 1997 tarihinde müzeye dönüştürüldü.

Ruh Hastalarını Rehabilitasyon Derneğinin katkılarıyla 30 Haziran 2000 tarihinde şifahane bölümü Psikiyatri Tarihi Bölümü olarak düzenlendi. Tasarım sanat yönetmenliğini Türkan Kafadar'ın yaptığı, dönemin bütün özelliklerini yansıtan kostüm ve aksesuarla donatılan, cansız mankenlerin kullanıldığı bu bölüm ilgi görüyor.

Müzenin Darüşşifa'dan sonra ikinci bölümü olan Tıp Medresesi (Medreset-ül Etıbba) 23 Nisan 2008 tarihinde hizmete girdi. Uluslararası Rotary 2420. Bölge Guvernörlüğünün iş birliğiyle düzenlenerek hizmete açılan bu bölümde ziyaretçiler, tıpla ilgili zaman yolculuğuna çıkarılıyor

COMPLEX OF SULTAN BAYEZID II HEALTH MUSEUM

                     Council of Europe Museum Prize ; The Health Museum was awarded Council of Europe European Museum Prize for the Year 2004. This award is one of the most prestigious awards for museums. Also, the museum contributed to the promotion of our culture by making the second best presentation during the Meeting of the Awarded Museums in the World organized in Dubrovnik/Croatia in 2005. Furthermore, the museum was accepted to "Excellence Club" by European Heritage Association.

    Dear Enver Sengul

    I am writing further to the telephone conversations earlier today with your museum in order to confirm that the Health Care Museum in the Sultan Bejezid II Complex has been awarded the Council of Europe Museum Prize for the year2004 and to inform you on a number of related technical matters.

An official letter will be sent to you in due course by our President, Mr. Peter Schieder (MdB Germany). We shall also be informing the Turkish Ambassador here in Strasbourg, Mr Numan Hazar, and the Turkish Parliamentary Delegation, which is led by Mr Murat Mercan (TBMM). A press release will be apprearing shortly on our websites.

    This decision was taken in Paris yesterday for the Committee on Culture, Science and Education of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe on the basis of a recommendation by the European Museum Forum Jury (Mr Hans Woodtli was the EMF member who visited your museum). The Chairman of the Committee is Mr Lluis Maria de Puig (Spanish Deputy) and the rapporteur On the European museum awards is Mr Eddie O'Hara (United Kingdom MP). Your museum will receive a cash prize of 5,000 euros. Could you please let us know how this can be transferred to you (bank and account number). The money has to be paid before the end of the current financial year.

   

    Details of the European museum awards are available on our Internet site http://assembly.coe.int/museum/e_index.htm We shall be establishing a hypertext link to your own site. The person doing this is Mr Bas Klein telephone extension 4992.

    The official presentation ceremony is scheduled to take place in Strasbourg in the evening of Tuesday 27 April 2004. Your museum will be invited to be represented on that occasion (with expenses paid for one person to travel to Strasbourg). This will involved a short speech of around 5 minutes in English or French.

    Although we shall refer enquiries to your own Internet site, it would be helpful to have other printed material. When it comes to the ceremony in April, we can arrange a small exhibition in the Council of Europe building itself and distribute information leaflets about the museum at the ceremony (English and French are the official languages of the Council of Europe).

    At the ceremony the museum will receive a diploma and the trophy, a statuette about 50cms high by the Catalan artist Joan Miro', that it will hold for the rest of the year. It is currently valued at 24,500 euros and the usual arrangements should be made by the museum for transit and in situ insurance.

    This Strasbourg award ceremony is normally followed by a local event held in the winning museum in the course of the year. This we can discuss at a later stage.

    Please do not hesitate to contact me for any further information.

    Again congratulations and best wishes.

    Yours sincerely

    Christopher Grayson

The Best in Heritage-Excellence Club Prize for the Best Presentation

                    Health Museum was awarded the trophy for the best presentation in the

meeting of the awarded museums organized by The Best in Heritage and Excellence Club on October 31st November 3rd, 2007 in Cologne, Germany.

     The Health Museum is situated at the hospital section (Darüşşifa) of the Complex of Sultan Bayezid II (Külliye) in Yeniimaret district of Edirne city center.

HOW TO GO?

       The distance between İstanbul and Edirne is 220 km. It takes non-stop interurban buses 2.5 hours to go between these places by using the expressway. If this distance is taken by private cars, the time period decreases to 1.5 hours.

       The visitors coming to Edirne could reach the museum through 2 different roads.

First road: You can reach the museum by passing through Gazimihal Bridge on the way to Kapıkule from the city center. After the bridge, turn right to arrive at the museum which is 500m far away from the bridge.

Second road: Firstly, you should find the Government Building of Edirne. And then, take the road on left that goes down to the River Tunca. After passing through Yalnızgöz and Sultan Bayezid II Bridges, you will see the museum.The ones who travel by minibuses could get on minibuses carrying the letter "A" at any bus stop in the intercity bus station and city centre.

The museum is situated at the hospital (Darüşşifa) section of the Complex of Sultan Bayezid II. This Complex was built by the 8th Ottoman Emperor Sultan Bayezid II who was the son of Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror. Sultan Bayezid II laid its foundation before the Akkirman War in 1484 and it was constructed in four years (a short period of time) and opened to public. There is a common belief that the architect of the complex was Hayreddin. However, this belief has not been proved by definite historical documents today. Some researchers have claimed that the architect of the complex was Yakup Şah Bin Sultan Şah.

        Throughout centuries, students of medicine were brought up, patients were healed and the hunger of the poor was allayed in this complex. The mosque, which was considered to be the most purely and the most simply designed building of the complex in Muslim view, became a very important place for worshipping. Candles, which lightened Edirne, were produced in its candle production section; guests were welcomed in its guesthouse section.

        Hospital section was one of the most important Health Centers of its period. It served for all kinds of ill people and thus 2 surgeons and 2 ophthalmologists were mentioned when the staff of the hospital in the institutional foundation was being told. Therefore, it is obvious that people who were suffering from eye disorders were cured in these places in the 1500s.

        In later years, the hospital began to serve lunatics. Patients were treated with the sound of water, music, odorous scents, various occupations, as well as medical knowledge and medicine.

        This hospital, in which lots of patients were cured for long years, became a neglected institution in which only lunatics were isolated in the 1850s. This building was both neglected and destroyed by the over-flowing of the River Tunca.

        Safvet Pasha who visited Edirne, called upon the complex and saw the awful state of the building and reported this situation to the Grand Vizier. Just after this, Ottoman-Russian War broke out 1877-78 and Edirne was occupied, therefore the patients who were treated here were sent to İstanbul. Thereupon, Edirne Governorship received an order from İstanbul that there was nowhere to place these patients and the lunatic asylum was demanded to be restored and opened again. Then it was restored in 1896 and it was used for isolation and treatment of the mentally ill for a period of time. In 1910, it was renovated again by the German Architect Cornalius.

Transfer of the Complex to Trakya University                         The ownership of all sections of the complex, excluding the Mosque, was transferred to Trakya University by General Directorship of Foundations. The Departments of Restoration and Wall Decoration of Edirne Vocational School at Trakya University went on their education and training here.

        The efforts of converting the hospital into a museum of health under the body of Trakya University began in 1993. Thanks to invaluable efforts of the Rector Prof. Dr. Osman İnci and long-term work, it was officialized with the approval of Ministry of Culture dated 11.04.1997, the section of lunatic asylum was restored as the Section of History of Psychiatry under the auspices of Association for Readaptation of Mental Patients. It was animated with mannequins in harmony with its original history with the works of Türkan Kafadar who was an Art&Design Director. The section, which was ornamented with costumes and accessories reflecting all characteristics of that age, attracts the visitors' attention. 

COMPLEX OF SULTAN BAYEZID II HEALTH MUSEUM

        This museum was brought to life in Complex of Sultan Bayezid II Hospital situated in Yeniimaret quarter in the centre of Edirne, which is one of the most important projects that Trakya

University realized in the field of cultural heritage and conservation.         Thanks to this project, Trakya University saved this historical work situated in Edirne, which

was the second capital city of the Ottoman, from being destroyed completely and made this work a trademark in tourism life of the city.

        The reason Trakya University kept these important structures is that it undertook a mission of protecting the history of higher education and medicine in Edirne since the medical school of this

complex, which opened to service in 1488, was a university where basic sciences of medicine were taught and its hospital was the place where the students practiced.

        Trakya University, which currently gives medical education, shows its responsibility and sensitiveness to history by making the understanding of education and practice applied 5 hundred

years ago live today.

        The fact that Edirne experienced bad days that started after Ottoman-Russian War, during which the city was occupied, and reached the peak especially with the Balkan Wars caused many

constructions like the complex to be abandoned. These important structures of our history, which were in danger of being destroyed completely due to the economic problems that appeared after

Republic and negligence in cultural heritage, were transferred to Trakya University in 1984 and started to be used as educational institutions after restoration process.

        The hospital part of the complex, which was converted into a museum in 1997, was awarded Council of Europe European Museum Prize for the year 2004- one of the most prestigious museum

awards of the world-, which was an important chance of promotion.        Here, an" Ottoman bimarhane"(bimar:patient, hane:house) which was built five hundred years

ago was brought to life. These places where the sound of water, music, pleasant odors and occupation were used in treatment besides the medical knowledge of the period bring history to

present with a strong visual expression.        As soon as you enter the first courtyard, the strong tunes attract you. When you enter "the

History of Psychiatry Section" the main part of the museum, you find yourself in a music therapy environment from centuries ago.  The sound of water spurting from the fountain in the middle joins

the mystical sound of reed flute and takes you on a journey back in time.        A successful animation… Patients, doctors, nurses, singers and players all seem to be living

creatures. Lighting and sound system also support this animation.        All these take place in one of the most magnificent structures –or rather a group of constructions

-in history of architecture near the River Tunca in Edirne.        The mosque with its marvelous stone work, imaret, guesthouse, bridge, medical school and

hospital…        Here is the complex which consists of integrated units.

        Its architecture catches people's eye and more than a hundred big and small domes make the complex more mystic.

        The graphical structures that harmonize with each other constitute an elegant unity. This museum, which has showed many successes and become one of the most important centers of Edirne's cultural life although it is very young, will continue to introduce our historical values to the

world by including the other units of the complex in the future.

         The purpose of the establishment of the complex was to provide a hospital for Edirne, which was one of the most important cities and the 2nd Capital of the period. Other units of the complex, which were considered to be multifunctional, composed of social, cultural and religious aspects, which supported the hospital service directly or indirectly. The facilities of all units directed to the same goal reflect understanding of the health and social aid in that age. It was the indicator of the economic and technical power of the empire that the establishment of the complex as a whole was finished in a period as short as four years.

Units of the Complex 1. Hospital2. Guesthouse 3. Medical School (Basic Sciences Faculty)4. Mosque5. Imaret (Soup Kitchen, Dining Hall, Candle Workshop, Bakery, Warehouse, etc.)6. Bridge (over the River Tunca)7. Public Bath8. Water Mill and Tank9. Elementary School10. Military Band (Conservatoire)11. Muvakkithane (The unit which indicates the calendar and time of the day). Among these units, those, which stood up till today, are the ones between 1-6.Those between 7-11 were destroyed. 9, 10 and 11 were not included in the foundation of the complex and they were added later on.

The Staff of the Hospital in its Foundation Years

        Among the staff of the hospital, there were 1 head doctor, 2 doctors, 2 ophthalmologists, 2 surgeons and 1 pharmacist. The number of the staff including the other personnel was 21. This number changed in different ages.

SECTIONS OF THE MUSEUM

The museum consists of three main sections.

First Courtyard: There are various exhibition in the detached rooms used as outpatient rooms in the past next to the columns in the first section. The rooms opposite the exhibition rooms were

used as kitchen, laundry, and syrup house and staff room. The old kitchen of the hospital is animated in this section. Here, there is also an exhibition of photographs of Edirne. In same

courtyard, there are the two long halls which were used as a pharmacy and medicine store and also women's ward in a period. Nowadays, one of these rooms (the one on the left from the entrance) functions as the exhibition room which includes the drawings of Edirne Palace and also as the

presentation room, the other one is used as the exhibition room of "History of Medicine".

Second Courtyard: In the second courtyard, there is a small garden and four rooms facing each other. These rooms were used as administrative rooms in the past. At present, a room is still being used by the museum administrator and a room is animated with the mannequins as a head doctor's

room. Also there are two rooms dedicated to Dr. Rıfat Osman and Ord. Prof. Dr. Süheyl Ünver in this section.

Inpatient Section: The third section is the place where the patients stayed and got treatment in the past. Here, there are four rooms for summer, six rooms for winter and a music (concert) stage.

Water spurts from the fountain of the pool in the middle. This place famous for its acoustics where the mentally ill were treated by music, water sound and beautiful smells is arranged (decorated)

with mannequins and lighting system suitable for the atmosphere of the time by İstanbul Association for Readaptation of the Mental Patients. The visitors visiting this section live exactly the past treatment atmosphere with successfully designed mannequins, music and the sound of

the water spurting from the fountain.

Medical School: The education section of the complex called "Medresetü'l Etibba", which was used as the medical school in the past where the doctors of the period were brought up, was arranged as a new section of the museum by the contributions of Rotary International District 2420 and opened to public on 23rd April, 2008 with a ceremony. There are 18 student rooms and a classroom and a

courtyard in the middle surrounded by the rooms. This section, in which watchman's room, students' and professor's rooms, a classroom and a library were designed with mannequins, also

attracts the visitors' attention as much as the hospital part.

he Famous Turkish Traveller Evliya Çelebi Describes the Hospital 

            The famous Turkish traveller Evliya Çelebi, who visited Edirne in 1652, mentioned the complex as 'There is a hospital which can hardly be described either with words of mouth or of pencil'. The famous traveller also made the following interesting descriptions:             "The complex, which is in the middle of a vineyard, has such a high dome extending into the sky that its top is open like a glass case of a hammam (Turkish bath). In this open area, there is a small dome on six thin marble pillars like a Kiyaniyan crown. The artist, the craftsman, placed a flag on a kind of iron stick polished by pure gold on the very top of this small dome. That flag turns to the direction of the blowing wind. It has an unusual outlook.  The lower big dome is eight cornered. There are eight arches even in this one arched dome. Under each arch, there is a winter room and two windows in each of them. One of the windows overlooks a small garden with roses and trees, while the other one overlooks the big pool and the fountain in the middle of this big dome. In front of these eight winter rooms, there are also eight summer rooms in this big dome.                

            When the clear water spurts from the fountains around the big pool under this big dome (three sides of which were constructed of marble window-lattice) and enters the pool, the clear water from sprays reaches the middle of the arched dome.              This carefully and painstakingly constructed hospital is home to many rich and poor, young and elderly, who suffer from various illnesses.              When the lovers, who fell into the love sea of Edirne, increase in number in some rooms during crazy spring time, they are brought to this madhouse upon the order of the doctor, chained to their beds with silver and golden chains and each one lies on his/her bed just like roaring lions. Some of them grumble certain words while watching the pool and the fountain, some others listen to the countless songs of birds in the rose garden, vineyard and melon field around that arched dome and start screaming with the tuneless voice of a mad.                    In spring time, various flowers such as jasmine, carnation, tulip and hyacinth are given to the patients and by the odor of them patients are healed. However, when these flowers are given to the mad, they either eat or step on them. Some of them watch the fruit trees and grass by crying out various meaningless sounds such as ah daha hel hope pe pohe peko.            In the Deceased and Blessed Bayezid Veli Hazretleri Vakfiye (the book of regulations), ten vocalists and instrumentalists are charged. Three of them are vocalists, one of them is the flutiest, one is the violinist, one is the flageolet, one is the player of dulcimer, one is the gipsy dancer and one is the player of ut. They come three times a week and give short concerts to the lunatics and patients. They are relaxed and pleased by the sound of oriented orchestra with order of God. In fact, makams (the modes of Turkish music) such as neva, rast, dügah, segah, çargah, suzinak are common to them.  Also, zengüle and buselik makams nourish the spirits of the patients."

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Konserde şifa dağıttılar

Müzik ruhun gıdasıdır sözünden yola çıkan Yard. Doç. Dr. Rahmi Oruç Güvenç'in kurduğu müzik grubu verdiği muhteşem konserle hem gönülleri fethetti hem de dinleyiciye şifa dağıttı. Müzikle şifa konusunda yaptıkları çalışmalarla tanınan Rahmi Oruç Güvenç yönetimindeki TÜMATA grubu 2. Bayezid Daruşşifası'nda muhteşem bir konser verdi. ŞAMİL KUCUR/EDİRNEYurtiçi ve yurtdışında müzik ile tedavi ve müzik tarihi üzerine araştırmaları ile tanınan Yard. Doç. Dr. Rahmi Oruç Güvenç yönetimindeki TÜMATA (Türk Musikisini Araştırma ve Tanıtma Grubu), Trakya Üniversitesi Sultan II. Bayezid Külliyesi Sağlık Müzesi'nde muhteşem bir konsver verdi. Salonda bulunan davetlilere aktif ve pasif müzik terapi örnekleri sunan grup üyeleri, ney, rebab, ud, çeng, bendir, gubuz, kopuz ve dombra gibi otantik müzik aletlerini icra ettiler. Orta Asya Türklerinde tedavi amaçlı kullanılan müzik ve dans terapi örnekleri de sunan grup üyeleri, seyircinin gönlünü mest etti. Dünyada müzik ile tedavi uygulamasının öncüleri arasında yeralan ve 1997 yılında Münih Müzik Üniversitesi ve Avusturya Rosenau Müzikterapi Okulu ile bir eğitim protokolü de imzalayan TÜMATA grubu yurtiçi ve yurt dışında hem verdiği konserlerle hem de açtıkları okullarda yetiştirdikleri müzik terapistleriyle üne kavuştu. BİLİMSEL OLARAK KANITLANDIGrubun kurucusu Güvenç, Türk Musikisi makamlarının kardiyoloji, pisikiyatri ve geriatri hastalarının tedavisinde kullanıldığını belirtiyor ve makamlarla ilgili şu bilgileri veriyor: "Rast makamı fazla uyumayı engelliyor, akıl hastalıklarına iyidir. Hüseyni makamı güzellik, iyilik ve ferahlık verir. Neva makamı böbreğe iyi gelir." ŞAMİL KUCUR / EDİRNE

Can AKIN

ŞAİR VE FOTOĞRAF SANATÇISI

Mr_canakin@yahoo.co.uk

Mr_canakin@hotmail.comAvrupa Müze Ödülü

EDİRNESultan II. Bayezid Külliyesi Sağlık MüzesiTÜMATA KONSERİMİZ İÇİN TIKLAYINIZ

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