cancer
DESCRIPTION
CANCER. Zoe Chan Esther Chung Ivy Law. WHAT IS CANCER. a group of many different diseases that generally all affect cells. cells keep dividing, and form too much tissue. Excess tissue can form a mass called a tumor , and this mass can be either benign or malignant tumor. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Zoe Chan
Esther Chung
Ivy Law
a group of many different diseases that generally all affect cells
The spread of cancer is called metastasis
cells keep dividing, and form too much tissue. Excess tissue can form a mass called a tumor, and this mass can be either benign or malignant tumor.
正常細胞 癌細胞
~They are not cancer~They can be removed. ~The cells do not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body.
~~They are cancer.
~~The cancer cells divide out of control.~~They can invade and destroy nearby healthy tissue or organ.~~Cancer cells can break away from the tumor enter the bloodstream and lymphatic system, , then form new tumors in other organs.~~This is how cancer spreads from the
original or primary tumor to form new tumors in other parts of the body.
What is carcinogen?
~They are a substance that causes cancer.
~There are many substances contain carcinogen such food and drug.
﹟Chemicals
﹟Diet
﹟Ionizing radiation
﹟Radiation
﹟Other type of carcinogen such as tobacco.
1~Polycyclic hydrocarbon
2~Artificial colorings
3~Nitrites
4~ Hydrogen peroxide
Diet1~A high-fat diet
2~Heavy drinks of alcohol
Ionizing radiation and radiation
1~Ionizing radiation
2~Radiation * X-ray
* gamma ray
* ultra-violet
Other types of carcinogen
★tobacca
★Viruses
1.Lung cancer
2.Breast cancer
3.Oral cancer
4.Skin cancer
5.Nasopharyngeal cancer
Lung cancer1~ non-small cell lung cancer
2~small cell lung cancer
※ It is more common
※generally grows and spreads more slowly
※It sometimes called oat cell cancer※It is less common
※It grows more quickly
※more likely to spread to other organs
Causes of lung cancer§Cigarettes
§Cigars and pipes
§Environmental Tobacco Smoke§Pollution
Ductal carcinoma,Lobular carcinoma
When breast cancer spread outsidecancer cell often found in lypmh node under arm
cancer cell have spread to other parts of body (e.g. bone, liver) via the lymphatic system or the bloodstreamWhen breast cancer spreads, it is called me
tastatic breast cancer
Almost all oral cancer are squamous carcinomasSpreads through the lymphatic system, carried along by lymph to other parts of the body Causes:
1. tobacco
2. alcohol
Skin Cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
2 common kinds
Skin cancers need to be detected early and treated
They can invade and destroy nearby tissue
CauseUltraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun
Artificial sources of UV radiation, such as sunlamps and tanning booths
Protection of the skin from the sun should start at childhood to prevent skin cancer later in life.
Nasopharyngeal Cancer (NPC)
A cancer which develops in the nasopharynx
(area in the back of the nose and upper throat )
Malignant tumor(NPC) most common type
three subtypes of NPC - keratinizing squamous cell carcinomanon-keratinizing squamous cell carcinomaundifferentiated carcinoma
What causes NPC?
Not known
Associated with certain dietary habits
e.g.Eating a diet high in salt-cured fish and meat
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How is Cancer Treated?Four major types :
Surgery
Radiation
Chemotherapy
Biologic therapies
Also hormone therapies such as tamoxifen and transplant options such as those done with bone marrow.
Prevention of cancer
Good health
1.Include fruit in your diet
2.Limit alcohol
3.Maintain a healthy body weight
Include fruit in your diet
Diets high in vegetables and fruits decrease the risk of many other cancers.
Good for overall health, they are low in energy and a good source of fibre, vitamins and minerals.
In most cases, better eat the skin of fruit which is full of vitamins and fibre.
Limit alcohol
High alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing bowel cancer.
It linked to cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, liver and breast.
Alcohol is high in energy (kJ) so drinking too much can also make it harder to manage your body weight.
Maintain a healthy body weight
Find time for regular physical activity;eat more vegetables, fruit and less fat ; reduce your alcohol intake
Reduces the risk of developing cancer and many other diseases
Doing regular exercise can also helps people to:
Feel better Be more relaxed Sleep better