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Page 1: Capítulo 15 – Estructuras de Datos en C Pilas y Colas.pdf

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Page 3: Capítulo 15 – Estructuras de Datos en C Pilas y Colas.pdf

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1 � # � � � � � � � � � � � " � � � ! � � � � � � � � � � � � 0 � � # � � � � � # � � � � � � � Ô Õ Ö × Ø ß * � � � 1 � # � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � : ; &� � � � ¢ � � � � : ; � � � 1 � � � " � � � 1 � # � # � � � � � # � � � � � � � # � � � � � � 1 � # � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � *Ô Õ Ö × Ø ßt p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p pp z � � u y àpp ¾ i e R x á g k q P n x Q q R x R o e r q r i P Q R j r l n P o R i g R k o r Q n q rp v R o R j r q n � r g r ¨ R i e P R i ¨ w k R P Q R j r l P o l k r q w k n R j e n Q P g R g r e P yp � r Q n q r g R Ý R n x Q q R x R o e r j i R R o k o r j j R v q P g R q e n Q P g R q g r e Pp g R i R r g P y O P g r i q r i h k o l n P o R i j R l n Ý R o l P x P Q r j | x R e j P k op r Q k o e r g P j r k o r R i e j k l e k j r e n Q P z � � u ¨ w k R l P o e n R o R q rp n o h P j x r l n á o w k R j R w k n R j R o q r i h k o l n P o R i Q r j r x r o R ³ r j q rp Q n q r y � r R i e j k l e k j r R i e | g R h n o n g r R o â z � � u y Ü â yp p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p tÚ n o l q k g R ã x R x y Ó �Ú n o l q k g R â Q n q r y Ó ât p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p pp � P n g n o n l n r q n � r j z n q r � z � � u p i Q n q r �pp ¾ i e r h k o l n á o n o n l n r q n � r � � r l ä r � k o r Q n q r y i Q n q r R i k op r Q k o e r g P j r q r R i e j k l e k j r w k R l P o e n R o R q P i g r e P i w k R g R h n o R op q r Q n q r yp p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p t� P n g n o n l n r q n � r j z n q r � z � � u p i Q n q r �m i Q n q r � � Q e P Q R � i Q n q r � � Q Q n q r s~t p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p pp n o e Q n q r ¤ r l n r � z � � u p i Q n q r �pp ¾ i e r h k o l n á o j R v j R i r k o S i n q r Q n q r R i e | � r l ä r ¨ © R o l r i Pp l P o e j r j n P y i Q n q r R i k o r Q k o e r g P j r q r R i e j k l e k j r l P o e n R o Rp q P i g r e P i w k R g R h n o R o q r Q n q r yp p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p tn o e Q n q r ¤ r l n r � z � � u p i Q n q r �m j R e k j o i Q n q r � � Q e P Q R � � i Q n q r � � Q Q n q r s~t p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p pp n o e Q n q r � q R o r � z � � u p i Q n q r �pp ¾ i e r h k o l n á o j R v j R i r k o S i n q r Q n q r R i e | q q R o r ¨ © R o l r i Pp l P o e j r j n P y i Q n q r R i k o r Q k o e r g P j r q r R i e j k l e k j r w k Rp l P o e n R o R q P i g r e P i w k R g R h n o R o q r Q n q r yp p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p tn o e Q n q r � q R o r � z � � u p i Q n q r �m j R e k j o i Q n q r � � Q e P Q R � � � l Ó r j p � i Q n q r � � Q Q n q r ¥i Q n q r � � e r x z n q r p i Q n q r � � e r x ¾ q R x s~t p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p pp n o e n o i R j e r j z n q r � z � � u p i Q n q r ¨ � P n g p g r e P �pp ¾ i e r h k o l n á o n o i R j e r k o g r e P R o q r Q n q r i n o P R i e | q q R o r yp � r h k o l n á o j R v j R i r k o S i n Ó r f å } n e P ¨ © R o l r i P l P o e j r j n P yp i Q n q r R i k o r Q k o e r g P j r q r R i e j k l e k j r w k R l P o e n R o R q P i

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E ¶ æ H � � I � J � � I � � K � � � � � � L

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p g r e P i w k R g R h n o R o q r Q n q r y g r e P R i r Q k o e r g P j r q g r e P rp n o i R j e r j yp p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p tn o e n o i R j e r j z n q r � z � � u p i Q n q r ¨ � P n g p g r e P �m n h � Q n q r � q R o r � i Q n q r � � j R e k j o © sx R x l Q f � i Q n q r � � Q e P Q R ¨ g r e P ¨ i Q n q r � � e r x ¾ q R x � si Q n q r � � Q e P Q R � � l Ó r j p � i Q n q r � � Q e P Q R ¥ i Q n q r � � e r x ¾ q R x sj R e k j o S s~t p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p pp n o e R } e j r R j z n q r � z � � u p i Q n q r ¨ � P n g p g r e P �pp ¾ i e r h k o l n á o R } e j r R k o g r e P g R q r Q n q r i n o P R i e | � r l ä r yp � r h k o l n á o j R v j R i r k o S i n Ó r f å } n e P ¨ © R o l r i P l P o e j r j n P yp i Q n q r R i k o r Q k o e r g P j r q r R i e j k l e k j r w k R l P o e n R o R q P ip g r e P i w k R g R h n o R o q r Q n q r y g r e P R i r Q k o e r g P j r q r � r j n r Ý q Rp R o w k R i R r q x r l R o r R q g r e P r R } e j r R j yp p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p tn o e R } e j r R j z n q r � z � � u p i Q n q r ¨ � P n g p g r e P �m n h � Q n q r ¤ r l n r � i Q n q r � � j R e k j o © si Q n q r � � Q e P Q R � � l Ó r j p � i Q n q r � � Q e P Q R � i Q n q r � � e r x ¾ q R x sx R x l Q f � g r e P ¨ i Q n q r � � Q e P Q R ¨ i Q n q r � � e r x ¾ q R x � sj R e k j o S s~� � 1 � # � $ � � � � � � � � � � : ; � � � � � � � @ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � # � � � � � � � � � � 0 � � � �- � � � " � � � � " � � � � � � � � � � � � � � * � � � � � � # # � $ � � � � � � � � # � � � � � � � � # � � # � � � " ) � � � � � � � � � � � � # # � $ � � � � � � # � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � - " � � � � � ( & � � � ' � � # � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ' � # � � � � � � � � � � � � � , � � # � � � � � ( � � � � � � � � `i Q n q r � � e r x z n q r p i Q n q r � � e r x ¾ q R x­ � � � � � # � � � � � � � $ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � # % � � � � � � � � � � � � 1 � # � � � � � � " � *� � 1 � # � $ � � � § � � � � � � � � � : ; � � � � 1 � # � � � � " � � � � � % � & � � � � # � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � * 2 � � � % � & � � � � . �� � 1 � # � $ � » � » � � ç : ; � � � � # � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � # � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � * 5 � � � � � # � � � � � � � � � � �" � � � ! � # � " � � ( � � ' � � � ( & � � � � � � � " � 7 � � � » Þ � � » * � � 1 � # � $ � » � » � � ç : ; # & � � � � � � � � � � � � � ) � �è ? è Ø é � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 8 � � `  = X ¸ º è ? è � > ê ë   = X ¸ º ¬ � § � ì � = � ¦ <   = X ¸ º í � � ì ¦ X � ? î < � ï ½» � » � � ç : ; # � � � � � ( & � � � � � � � � � # � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � í ¼ � � � � � � � � � # � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ¬ � § � * � �1 � # � $ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ¬ � § � *+ � � - � � � " � , � � 1 � # � $ � � � § � � � � � � � � � : ; � � # � � " � � � � � � � � � � � � � ' � � � � � � � � � � � # � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � " � � � � � � � � � � � � � * � � 1 � # � $ � � « � � � � � � � � � : ; � � � ( � ! � � � 1 � � " � # � � � � � � � � � � � 1 � # � $ � � � § � � � � � � � � � : ; *5 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � , ð ñ ò Ô Õ Ö × Ø ß , � � � " $ � � � ' � � " � � � " � � � � � � � � � � � " � � � � � " � � � � � # � $ � ' �" � � � � � � � # � " � � � � � " � � � � � � � � � � � � � * 5 � � � " $ � � � � � ( � � � � � � � � � � � � " $ � � � � ` Ô Õ Ö × & ó ô Õ Ö õ Ø

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p g R i R r g P y O P g r i q r i h k o l n P o R i j R l n Ý R o l P x P Q r j | x R e j P k op r Q k o e r g P j r k o r R i e j k l e k j r e n Q P à � � u ¨ w k R l P o e n R o R q rp n o h P j x r l n á o w k R j R w k n R j R o q r i h k o l n P o R i Q r j r x r o R ³ r j q r l P q r yp � r R i e j k l e k j r R i e r g R h n o n g r R o â à � � u y Ü â yp p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p tÚ n o l q k g R ã x R x y Ó �Ú n o l q k g R â l P q r y Ó ât p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p pp � P n g n o n l n r q n � r j à P q r � à � � u p i l P q r �pp ¾ i e r h k o l n á o n o n l n r q n � r � � r l ä r � k o r l P q r y i l P q r R i k op r Q k e r g P j r q r R i e j k l e k j r w k R l P o e n R o R q P i g r e P i w k R g R h n o R op q r l P q r yp p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p t� P n g n o n l n r q n � r j à P q r � à � � u p i l P q r �m i l P q r � � Q h j R o e R � i l P q r � � Q h n o r q � i l P q r � � Q l P q r s~t p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p pp n o e l P q r ¤ r l n r � à � � u p i l P q r �pp ¾ i e r h k o l n á o j R v j R i r k o S i n q r l P q r R i e r � r l ä r ¨ © R o l r i Pp l P o e j r j n P y i l P q r R i k o r Q k o e r g P j r q r R i e j k l e k j r w k Rp l P o e n R o R q P i g r e P i w k R g R h n o R o q r l P q r yp p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p tn o e l P q r ¤ r l n r � à � � u p i l P q r �m j R e k j o i l P q r � � Q h n o r q � � i l P q r � � Q h j R o e R s~t p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p pp n o e l P q r � q R o r � à � � u p i l P q r �pp ¾ i e r h k o l n á o j R v j R i r k o S i n q r l P q r R i e r q q R o r ¨ © R o l r i Pp l P o e j r j n P y i l P q r R i k o r Q k o e r g P j r q r R i e j k l e k j r w k Rp l P o e n R o R q P i g r e P i w k R g R h n o R o q r l P q r yp p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p tn o e l P q r � q R o r � à � � u p i l P q r �m j R e k j o i l P q r � � Q h n o r q � � � l Ó r j p � i l P q r � � Q h j R o e R ¥� i l P q r � � e r x à P q r � S � p i l P q r � � e r x ¾ q R x� � i l P q r � � Q h j R o e R � � � l Ó r j p � i l P q r � � Q h n o r q ¥i l P q r � � e r x ¾ q R x s~t p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p pp n o e n o i R j e r j à P q r � à � � u p i l P q r ¨ � P n g p g r e P �pp ¾ i e r h k o l n á o n o i R j e r k o g r e P R o q r l P q r i n o P R i e r q q R o r yp � r h k o l n á o j R v j R i r k o S i n Ó r f å } n e P ¨ © R o l r i P l P o e j r j n Pp i l P q r R i k o r Q k o e r g P j r q r R i e j k l e k j r w k R l P o e n R o R q P ip g r e P i w k R g R h n o R o q r l P q r y g r e P R i r Q k o e r g P j r q g r e P rp n o i R j e r j yp p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p tn o e n o i R j e r j à P q r � à � � u p i l P q r ¨ � P n g p g r e P �m n h � l P q r � q R o r � i l P q r � � j R e k j o © sx R x l Q f � i l P q r � � Q h n o r q ¨ g r e P ¨ i l P q r � � e r x ¾ q R x � si l P q r � � Q h n o r q � � l Ó r j p � i l P q r � � Q h n o r q ¥ i l P q r � � e r x ¾ q R x sn h � i l P q r � � Q h n o r q � � � l Ó r j p � i l P q r � � Q l P q r ¥i l P q r � � e r x à P q r p i l P q r � � e r x ¾ q R x �i l P q r � � Q h n o r q � i l P q r � � Q l P q r s

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g R i Q q n R v r à P q r � ´ i l P q r � s~t p ° n i R Q j R i n P o á q r e R l q r ± ° k Q j ² p tR q i R n h � v R e l Ó � � � � ù ¾ � �m t p ° n q r l P q r o P R i e r � r l ä r p tn h � R } e j r R j à P q r � ´ i l P q r ¨ ´ l � �m v P e P } f � U ü ¨ T T � s Q k e l Ó r j � l � s~R q i R x i ³ Û R j j P j � © ¨ T T ¨ â à P q r � r l ä r ÷ ¨ ± ¾ o e R j ² â ¨ â � j â ¨u O O ø � ø ¾ ù ¨ � � ú Ü O ú ø u û ¨ © � � sg R i Q q n R v r à P q r � ´ i l P q r � s~~j R e k j o © s~� P n g g R i Q q n R v r z r o e r q q r � o n l n r q � à � � u p i l P q r �m n o e n sl q j i l j � � sv P e P } f � S ý ¨ U � sQ j n o e h � â ¾ i e R Q j P v j r x r g R x k R i e j r R q l P x Q P j e r x n R o e P g R k o r â � sv P e P } f � S ý ¨ V � sQ j n o e h � â l P q r y ¾ o R i e r l P q r i R r q x r l R o r o l r j r l e R j R i l P o â � sv P e P } f � S ý ¨ ý � sQ j n o e h � â i P q P e R l q R r j q P i y z r j r R } e j r R j k o l r j | l e R j g R q r â � sv P e P } f � S ý ¨ þ � sQ j n o e h � â l P q r Q j R i n P o r q r e R l q r ± ° k Q j ² y â � sv P e P } f � S ý ¨ ÿ � sQ j n o e h � â z r j r e R j x n o r j Q j R i n P o r q r e R l q r ± ¾ i l ² y â � sv P e P } f � U ÿ ¨ ü � s Q j n o e h � â à � � u â � sv P e P } f � U ÿ ¨ S © � s Q j n o e h � â ¥ � � � ¥ â � sv P e P } f � T T ¨ S S � s Q j n o e h � â � o n l n P � � n o � } S © â � sh P j � n � © s n ã i l P q r � � e r x à P q r s n ¥ ¥ �m v P e P } f � U ÿ ¨ S S ¥ n � s Q j n o e h � â â � s~v P e P } f � U ÿ ¨ S S ¥ n � s Q j n o e h � â ¥ � � � ¥ â � sv P e P } f � U ü ¨ S S � s~� P n g g R i Q q n R v r à P q r � à � � u p i l P q r �m n o e n ¨ e sh P j � n � © s n ã i l P q r � � e r x à P q r s n ¥ ¥ �m v P e P } f � T T ¨ S S ¥ n � s Q j n o e h � â â � sv P e P } f � U ü ¨ S S ¥ n � s Q k e l Ó r j � � � � s~n h � i l P q r � � Q h j R o e R ã � i l P q r � � Q h n o r q �m h P j � n � © s n ã � l Ó r j p � i l P q r � � Q h j R o e R � i l P q r � � Q l P q r s n ¥ ¥ �m v P e P } f � U ü ¨ S S ¥ n � s Q k e l Ó r j � � � � s~n h � i l P q r � � Q h j R o e R � � i l P q r � � Q h n o r q �m v P e P } f � T T ¨ S S ¥ n � s Q j n o e h � â � o n l n P � â � s

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~R q i Rm v P e P } f � T � ¨ S S ¥ n � s Q j n o e h � â � o n l n P � } S © â � s~h P j � s n ã � l Ó r j p � i l P q r � � Q h n o r q � i l P q r � � Q l P q r s n ¥ ¥ �m v P e P } f � U ü ¨ S S ¥ n � sQ k e l Ó r j � p � � l Ó r j p � � i l P q r � � Q l P q r � ¥ n � � s~v P e P } f � U S ¨ S S ¥ n � s Q j n o e h � â � n o � } S © â � sv P e P } f � U ü ¨ S S ¥ n � s~R q i R t p i l P q r � � Q h j R o e R � i l P q r � � Q h n o r q p tm h P j � n � © s n ã � l Ó r j p � i l P q r � � Q h n o r q � i l P q r � � Q l P q r s n ¥ ¥m v P e P } f � U ü ¨ S S ¥ n � sQ k e l Ó r j � p � � l Ó r j p � � i l P q r � � Q l P q r � ¥ n � � s~e � n sv P e P } f � U S ¨ S S ¥ n � s Q j n o e h � â � n o � } S © â � sh P j � s n ã � l Ó r j p � i l P q r � � Q h j R o e R � i l P q r � � Q l P q r s n ¥ ¥ �m v P e P } f � U ü ¨ S S ¥ n � s Q k e l Ó r j � � � � s~v P e P } f � T � ¨ S S ¥ n � s Q j n o e h � â � o n l n P � } S © â � sh P j � s n ã i l P q r � � e r x à P q r s n ¥ ¥ �m v P e P } f � U ü ¨ S S ¥ n � sQ k e l Ó r j � p � � l Ó r j p � � i l P q r � � Q l P q r � ¥ n � � s~v P e P } f � U ü ¨ S S ¥ e � s~~5 � # � � ( � � � 1 � # � $ � ' � � � � � � � � � � � � � � - " � � � � � � � � " � � � � � � � � � # � � � # � � # � � � � � � 0 � � # � * � � � � � � � 8 � �� � � � 1 � # � $ � � �X � < � = � Y ß = � \ ë ß � Ö × º § � � � � ï ½� � � � � § � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � # � � � # � � � � � � � � � � � � � � # � � � *� � � # � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ' � � # � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ` · � # � " � � # � � � � � � � � � ( � � # � � , � � � � " � � # � � � � ,� 1 � # � � � � � � � � ( � � � � � , � � # * 9 � � # � � � � � 1 � � " � # � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � # � � � � � � � � � " � & � � ' � � �� � � � # � � � � # � � ' � � � � � � � � � � � � � * 5 � � � � # � � � # � � � # � " � � � # � � � � � � � , � � " ( � 0 � � # � � � � # � � � � & � ' � � � �

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