CARL MARIA VON WEBER

CARL MARIA VON WEBER

14/07/2010 9:32 SA. 193 lt xem

(1786-1826) Carl Maria von Veber (Carl Maria von Weber) i vo lch s m nhc th gii vi vai tr ngi sng lp ca ngh thut opera dn tc c. Carl Maria von Veber sinh ngy 18 thng 11 nm 1786 thnh ph y-tin (Eutin) nc c. M nhc s l mt danh ca. Cha l ngh s violon ti nng v l ch ca mt gnh ht rong. Rong rui cng gnh ht ca gia nh, t nh Veber c tip xc v lm quen vi th hiu cng chng rng ri ca nc c thi by gi. S hiu bit su sc nhng trng thi tm l v th hiu ca khn gi gip nhiu cho Veber khi vit thnh cng v opera Mi tn thn sau ny. Veber l mt ngi c ti biu din n piano xut sc ngay t khi cha y 11 tui. Trong nhiu tc phm c sng tc thi gian sau ngi ta c th nhn thy du n ca mt ngh s n piano ti nng. Cng chnh nhng nm thng sng nay y mai , d ng lun c thc hc hi v c hc nhiu ngi thy trn mi ni dng chn, nhng ni chung, Veber vn cha c hc hnh m nhc mt cch c h thng. Ngy 13 thng 3 nm 1798 m ca Veber qua i v bnh lao. Cng nm ny Veber n Salzburg hc Michaen Haydn; sau d ng n Munich (Munchen) hc danh ca Johann Evangelist Wallishause (thng c ngi i gi l Valesi) v ngh s n organ J.N. Kalcher. Nm 1798 Veber xut bn tp tc phm u tin ca mnh Su fughetta cho piano (Six fughettas for piano) ti thnh ph Leipzig. Nm 1800 gia nh Veber chuyn n Freiberg, Saxony, ni m vo tui 14 Veber vit v opera c tn gi C gi im lng ni rng xanh (The silent forest maiden). Nm 1803, s kin c ngha ln lao i vi ngi nhc s tr tui Veber l c lm quen v hc sng tc linh mc Abbe Vogler ti Vienna. Abbe Vogler khng ch l mt nh hot ng m nhc tin b m cn l mt nh nghin cu m nhc dn gian mt cch rt bi bn. Chnh v vy, m nhc dn gian lun c ng coi trng v tm ti cho sng to ngh thut m nhc ca mnh. Trc thi gian (trong khong t 1801 n 1802) Veber cng sng tc c mt s opera nh: Sc mnh tnh yu v li lm, C gi rng xanh, Peter Smol v nhng ngi lng ging. Nhng n vi Abbe Vogler, Veber thu nhn c rt nhiu kin thc phong ph m trc cu cha h bit n. Chnh Abbe Vogler hng ti v lm thc tnh Veber tnh yu i vi nn m nhc dn gian c, nht l tnh yu i vi nhng bi ht dn gian c. Nhiu ca khc Veber sng tc sau ny th hin rt r s tip thu/mi quan h vi kho tng m nhc dn gian c. Nhng opera cui i vi nhng giai iu y cht dn gian cng l kt qu ca tnh yu i vi m nhc dn gian c ca Veber. Abbe Vogler cng hng Veber lm quen/nghin cu v opera Cy so thn ni ting ca Mozart t tip thu nhng kinh nghim qu bu v tm ra con ng sng to ring ca mnh sau ny. Cng t Abbe Vogler, Veber c hc nhng bi hc u tin v phi kh cho dn nhc mt mn hc khng th thiu c ca mt ngi sng tc m nhc, mt ngi sng tc opera. y cng l c s sau ny Veber sng to nn mt phong cch c o trong ngh thut phi kh mang mu sc lng mn cho cc v opera ca mnh. T nm 1804 Carl Maria von Veber bt u hot ng ngh thut ca mnh trn cng v mt ngi ch huy opera. Cuc i ng y s phiu lng, nay y mai . Nm 1804 Veber lm vic Breclavla; t nm 1806 n 1807 Karlxrue thuc cng tc Viuchemberxkyi; t 1801 n 1810 thuc cung nh Stugat. Sau ng lm vic Mangay, arstadte, Phranphuc, Munich, Berlin v nhiu thnh ph khc. T 1813 n 1816 Veber l ch huy Nh ht opera Praha. Ngoi ra Veber cn i biu din nhiu thnh ph ca c, o, Thu S v.v.. Cho n tn nm 1817, ng mi nh c li Dresden trn cng v lnh o ca Nh ht m nhc c. Nhng chnh nhng nm thng phiu lng mang n cho ng s a dng ca cuc sng. ng lm rt nhiu ngh: nhc s, nh vn, nh t tng, nh ph bnh, nh hot ng x hi. Nhng trc ht, ng l mt cng dn yu nc. Lun suy t v s phn/tng lai ca m nhc c, Carl Maria von Veber hin dng sc lc ca mnh cho s pht trin ca nn ngh thut dn tc. Khi tm kim con ng xy dng nn ngh thut opera dn gian truyn thng Veber c bit ch ti nn vn hc mi ca nc c. Trong sng tc ca cc nh vn ng i phn nh cuc u tranh ca nhn dn c v c lp dn tc. y cng l khong thi gian xut hin: Tuyn tp nhng bi ht dn ca c Ci t v k diu ca cu b di s hiu nh ca cc nh th Arnhin v Brentan; Nhng cu chuyn dn gian c ca anh em Grim .v.vVn hc lng mn ng thi c nh hng mnh m n s hnh thnh nhng nguyn tc ngh thut ca Veber. Chnh nhng cu chuyn k dn gian gip Veber tm thy bn sc mi cho v opera bt h "Mi tn thn" ca mnh. Phn ln cc tc phm sng tc trong giai on phiu lng ca Carl Maria von Veber c ngha chuyn tip/th nghim. Tuy nhin, trong mt s opera nh Riubesal (1804-1805), Xilvana (1810), Abu Gassan (1811) xut hin nhng c im chn mui ca bt php sng to mang du n Veber. Nm 1814 l mt trong nhng nh cao ca phong tro u tranh gii phng dn tc nc c. Tt c sc mnh dn tc c tp hp v hng ti mt mc ch duy nht l gii phng khi ch p bc ca triu nh Napoleon. Thi gian ny nh son nhc Senter thnh lp Hi hp xng Lidertafel. Nm 1820, sau nhiu nm lm vic, Veber hon thnh v opera Mi tn thn. Bui biu din u tin c t chc ti Berlin vo ngy 18 thng 6 nm 1821 trong Nh ht c mi Schauspielhaus tr thnh mt s kin lch s. Khng c v din no trc y nc c c c s hng ng ca d lun x hi mt cch rng ln nh vy. Thng li ca v nhc kch mang c tnh ca mt cuc biu dng sc mnh dn tc. V din sau cn c trnh din trong tt c cc Nh ht ln nht ca nc c a tn tui Veber ln hng nhng nhc s ni ting nht ca nc c. Nm 1826 Carl Maria von Veber sng tc v opera cui cng ca ng: Oberon theo kch bn ca Viland. y cng chnh l v opera ng vit theo s t trc ca Nh ht London. Nhng ngy lm vic vt v v cng thng khi dn dng v opera tiu hao nhiu sc lc ca ngi nhc s, nht l t lu trc ng b mc bnh lao.ng t trn ti London ngy 5 thng 6 nm 1826.MT S TC PHM CA CARL MARIA VON VEBERI. Cc opera:1. "Peter Smoll v nhng ngi lng ging" (1801-1802).2. "Xinvana" (1810).3. "Mi tn thn" (1820).4. "Oberon" (1826).II. Tc phm cho piano:1. Sonata s 1 ging trng (C-dur) op.24 (1812).2. Sonata s 2 ging La ging trng (As-dur) op.39 (1816).3. Sonata s 3 ging r th (d-mollr) op.49 (1816).4. Sonata s 4 ging mi th (e-moll) op.70 (1822).III. Cc concerto:1. Concerto cho piano v dn nhc ging trng (C-dur) op.11 (1810).2. Concerto cho piano v dn nhc ging Mi ging trng (Es-dur) op.32 (1812).3. Concerto cho Clarinette v dn nhc ging fa th (f-moll) op.73 (1811).4. Concerto cho fagotte v dn nhc ging Fa trng (F-dur) op.75 (1811).5. Concerto cho cor v dn nhc ging Mi th (e-moll) op.45 (1815).IV. Giao hng:1. Giao hng s 1 ging trng (C-dur) (1806-1807).2. Giao hng s 2 ging trng (C-dur) (1807).