CU TO PHN T (VB)

CU TO PHN T (VB)

Bi 1. (QG-2002) p dng thuyt lai ho gii thch kt qu ca thc nghim xc nh c BeH2, CO2 u l phn t thng. Bi 2. (10-2001) Electron cui cng phn b vo cc nguyn t ca cc nguyn t A, B ln lt c c trng bi :A : n = 3, l = 1, m = -1, m s = +

B : n =3 , l = 1, m= 0, ms = - 1/2.

a) Da trn cu hnh electron, xc nh v tr A, B trong bng h thng tun hon.

b) Cho bit loi lin kt v vit cng thc cu to ca phn t AB3.

c) Trong t nhin tn ti hp cht A2B6. Gii thch s hnh thnh lin kt trong phn t ca hp cht ny.

Bi 3. (11-2014)

Bi 4. (10-2001)

a. Cho bit trng thi lai ho ca nguyn t trung tm v cu hnh hc ca cc phn t v ion sau : NH4+, PCl5, SF6, XeF4.

b. Cho cc s liu sau ca NH3 v NF3:

NH3

NF3

Momen lng cc:1,46D

0,24D

Nhit si:

-330C

-1290C

Gii thch s khc nhau v momen lng cc v nhit si ca hai phn t trn.

Bi 5. (10-2002)

1.1 M t dng hnh hc phn t, trng thi lai ha ca nguyn t ca nguyn t trung tm trong cc phn t: IF5, XeF4, Be( CH3)21.2 So snh ln gc lin kt ca cc phn t sau y. Gii thch.

PI3, PCl5, PBr3, PF31.3 So snh nhit nng chy ca cc cht sau. Gii thch.

NaCl, KCl, MgO

Bi 6. (QG-A-2006) Cu II 3. Thc nghim cho bit PCl5 c hnh song thp tam gic, gc lin kt trong mt phng y l 120o, trc vi mt y l 90o. p dng thuyt lai ho, hy gii thch kt qu .Bi 7. (V2-2006) Cu III (3 im).

Trong s cc cacbonyl halogenua COX2 ngi ta ch iu ch c 3 cht: cacbonyl florua COF2, cacbonyl clorua COCl2 v cacbonyl bromua COBr2.

1. V sao khng c hp cht cacbonyl ioua COI2?

2. So snh gc lin kt cc phn t cacbonyl halogenua bit.

Bi 8. (V2-2005) Cu 5.2. Cho cc phn t XeF2, XeF4, XeOF4, XeO2F2. a. Vit cng thc cu to Li - uyt (Lewis) cho tng phn t.

b. p dng quy tc y gia cc cp electron ho tr, hy d on cu trc hnh hc ca cc phn t .

c. Hy cho bit kiu lai ho ca nguyn t trung tm trong mi phn t trn.

Bi 9. (V2-2008) Cu II (2,5 im)C th xc nh cu trc hnh hc ca cc phn t hay ion nhiu nguyn t da vo vic kho st s cp electron to lin kt v s cp electron cha lin kt lp v ho tr ca nguyn t trung tm ca phn t hay ion.

1. Nu quanh nguyn t A ca phn t AX2 hay ion AX2 c s cp electron bao gm cc cp electron to lin kt v cc cp electron cha lin kt l 2 hoc 3, 4, 5, 6 th trng hp no phn t hay ion c cu trc thng, trng hp no khng? v sao? (1)

2. Tu thuc vo s cp electron m phn t c th c mt vi hnh dng khc nhau, hy minh ho bng hnh v.

3. Trong s cc kt lun rt ra (1), trng hp no c tn ti cc cht c hnh dng ng nh d on. Cho th d.

4. C th gii thch cu trc hnh hc ca phn t da vo thuyt lin kt ho tr. Hy cho bit trng thi lai ho tng ng vi mi trng hp (1).

Bi 10. (10-2003) Cho ba nguyn t X, Y, Z thuc cng mt chu k nh trong h thng tun hon (ZX < ZY < ZZ). S hiu nguyn t ca Y bng trung bnh cng s hiu nguyn t ca X v Z. Electron cui cng ca nguyn t Y c gi tr cc s lng t l = 1; m =+ 1; s = +1/2(Quy c: s lng t nhn gi tr t - qua 0 n +)

1.1. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t v gi tn ba nguyn t trn, bit rng ch c hai trong ba nguyn t ny c kh nng to hp cht kh vi hidro.

1.2. Vit cng thc phn t, cng thc Lewis, cho bit bn cht lin kt v c im cu to (hnh hc phn t v kh nng dime ha) ca cc phn t hnh thnh gia tng cp nguyn t X v Z, Y v Z. T c im cu to phn t, cho bit hai cht no c th to cp axit baz Lewis.

Bi 11. (10-2004) Hy cho bit dng hnh hc ca SO2 v CO2. T so snh nhit si v ha tan trong nc ca chng.

Bi 12. (QG-2008)2. Vit cng thc Lewis v xc nh dng hnh hc ca cc phn t v ion sau: BCl3, CO2, NO2+, NO2, IF33. Ti sao bo triclorua tn ti dng monome (BCl3) trong khi nhm triclorua li tn ti dng ime (Al2Cl6)?

Bi 13. (10-2005) Da vo cu to nguyn t, phn t hy gii thch cc cu sau y:

1.1. Nng lng ion ha th nht ca nit ln hn nng lng ion th nht ca oxi.

1.2. Nht si ca HCl thp hn nhit si ca HF v HBr.

1.3. Nhit nng chy ca CaO cao hn nhiu so vi nhit nng chy ca KCl.

1.4. Cacbondioxit d bay hn lu hunh dioxit.

1.5. T 4 nguyn t N to ra 2 phn t N2 thun li hn 1 phn t N4 dng t din. Bit nng lng lin kt ca N N l 163 kJ / mol v N(N l 945 kJ/mol.

Bi 14. (10-2005) Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t A, R, X c electron cui cng ng vi 4 s lng t:

A: n = 3 = 1m = +1,

R: n = 2 = 1m = 0,

X: n = 2 = 1m = +1,

Gi tn A, R, X (theo quy c cc gi tr ca m theo t t +... 0 ...-). Xc nh trng thi lai ha ca cc nguyn t trung tm v dng hnh hc ca cc phn t v ion sau: R2X, AR6, H2AX3, (H l hidro).

Bi 15. (10-2009)

a. Da vo thuyt VSEPR hy cho bit dng hnh hc phn t ca CHBr3; SiHBr3; CH(CH3)3.

b. Sp xp theo th t gc lin kt ti tm tng dn (khng k n lin kt gia nguyn t trung tm vi hidro khi xt cc gc ny). Gii thch.

Bi 16. (QG-2009) Cu 2 (2 im).1. S dung m hinh v s y nhau cua cac cp electron hoa tri (m hinh VSEPR), d oan dang hinh hoc cua cac ion va phn t sau: BeH2, BCl3, NF3, SiF62-, NO2+, I3-.

2. So sanh v gii thch kha nng tao thanh lin kt cua C va Si.

Bi 17. (11-2002) Nguyn t ca nguyn t A c b 4 s lng t ca electron cui (electron cht cng) l: n= 2; l = 1; m = - 1; ms = - 1.1. Vit cu hnh electron, xc nh v tr ca A trong bng h thng tun hon?

1.2. Vit cng thc cu to mt dng n cht ca A c cng thc phn t l A3. Vit cng thc cu to dng n cht v cho bit trng thi lai ha ca nguyn t trung tm.

1.3. Mt dng n cht khc ca A c cng thc phn t l A2. Hy gii thch tnh thun t ca phn t ny?

Bi 18. (11-2003) Ba nguyn t A, B, C c electron cui cng mang 4 s lng t:

A: n = 1

= 0

m = 0

ms =

B: n = 2

= 1

m = +1

ms =

C: n = 2

= 1

m = -1

ms =

1.1. Xc nh tn ba nguyn t A, B, C.

1.2. Xc nh cng thc phn t v vit cng thc cu to tt c cc hp cht c th to thnh t A, B, C.

(Quy c: s lng t t nhn gi tr t -qua 0 n + )

Bi 19. (QG-2003) Cu I (2,5 im):

1. (1,5 im). Nhm clorua khi ho tan vo mt s dung mi hoc khi bay hi nhit khng qu cao th tn ti dng ime (Al2Cl6). nhit cao (700OC) ime b phn li thnh monome (AlCl3). Vit cng thc cu to Lewis ca phn t ime v monome; Cho bit kiu lai ho ca nguyn t nhm, kiu lin kt trong mi phn t ; M t cu trc hnh hc ca cc phn t .

2. (1,0 im). Phn t HF v phn t H2O c momen lng cc, phn t khi gn bng nhau (HF 1,91 Debye, H2O 1,84 Debye, MHF 20, M 18); nhng nhit nng chy ca hiroflorua l (83OC thp hn nhiu so vi nhit nng chy ca nc l 0OC, hy gii thch v sao?

Bi 20. (QG-2010) Cu 2. (2,0 im)

Cho cc phn t: xenon iflorua (1), xenon tetraflorua (2), xenon trioxit (3), xenon tetraoxit (4), bo triflorua (5), trimetylamin (6), axetamit (7).

1. V cu trc hnh hc phn t (c cc cp electron t do (nu c) ca nguyn t trung tm) ca cc cht t (1) n (6).

2. D on gc lin kt mi phn t ni trn.

3. Trong phn t axetamit, 3 lin kt vi nguyn t nit u nm trong cng mt mt phng. V sao?

4. Hy xut mt phng php thch hp iu ch: xenon iflorua (1), xenon tetraflorua (2), xenon trioxit (3).

Bi 21. (QG-2011)

Bi 22. (V2-2007) Cu V 1. Thc nghim cho bit c ba hp cht CHBr3, SiHBr3, CH(CH3)3 u c cu to t din. C ba tr s gc lin kt ti tm l 110o; 111o; 112o(khng k ti H khi xt cc gc ny). m in ca H l 2,20; CH3 l 2,27; Csp3 l 2,47; Si l 2,24; Br l 2,50. Da vo m hnh s y gia cc cp e ha tr (VSEPR) v m in, hy cho bit tr s gc ca mi hp cht v gii thch.Bi 23. Phn tch mt cht rn X cha: N, B, F, H cho kt qu theo phn trm khi lng: 16,51% nit; 12,74% bo; 3,54% hiro v 67,21% flo.Bit rng X l sn phm thu c khi trn hai cht kh Y v Z. C hai kh ny u tan c trong nc. Dung dch ca kh Y cho mi trng baz, cn dung dch ca kh Z li cho mi trng axit.

a) Cho bit cng thc phn t X, Y, Z v tn gi ca Y, Z.

b) Vit cng thc lewis, d on dng hnh hc phn t v trng thi lai ha ca nguyn t trung tm ca X, Y v Z.c) Cho bit dng v s lng lin kt ha hc gia cc nguyn t trong mt phn t cht X.

Bi 24. Cho cc gc lin kt 100,30; 97,80;101,50; 1020 v cc gc lin kt IPI; FPF; ClPCl; BrPBr. Hy da vo m in, gn tr s cho mi gc lin kt v gii thch?Bi 25. X l nguyn t thuc nhm A, hp cht vi hidro c dng XH3. Electron cui cng trn nguyn t X c tng bn s lng t bng 4,5. (Quy c t -l n +l)a) Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X

b) iu kin thng XH3 l mt cht kh. X to vi oxi mt s phn t v ion sau: XO2, Hy vit cng thc Lewis, cho bit trng thi lai ha ca nguyn t trung tm, d on dng hnh hc ca cc phn t v ion trn, ng thi sp xp cc gc lin kt trong chng theo chiu gim dn. Gii thch.

c) Hy so snh gc lin kt v momen lng cc ca XH3 v XF3. Gii thch

d) Cho cc cht sau: XF3, CF4, NH3. Cc cht trn c tc dng vi nhau hay khng? Nu c hy vit phng trnh (gii thch)

Bi 26. (11-2006)

-n

H2O

_1189616102.unknown

_1189616118.unknown

_1189616269.unknown

_1188695528.unknown

_1189616054.unknown

_1188695567.unknown

_1188695515.unknown