當代美學 - 臺大開放式課程 (ntu...

第六講：道德的善與崇高（二）

當代美學

授課教師：國立臺灣大學哲學系楊植勝助理教授

【本著作除另有註明外，採取創用CC「姓名標示－非商業性－相同方式分享」臺灣3.0版授權釋出】

本課程指定教材為：Herwitz, Daniel. Aesthetics: Key Concepts in

Philosophy (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008)

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第五節道德的善與崇高

崇高對當代的影響：造神（formation of cults）

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JulesMichelet(1798 –1874)

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Abel Gance(1889 –1981)

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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/



Charisma 得天獨厚，天縱英明

χάρισμα 為神所寵

cha r is ma

χάρισ: grace 神寵，恩慈

cha r is

charity

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‘Charisma’ has two senses: (1) compelling attractiveness or charm that can inspire devotion in others, (2) a divinely conferred power or talent. For some theological usages the term is rendered charism, with a meaning the same as sense 2.

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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en



Since the 1950s, the term has become widely used, with varying meanings, in religion, the social sciences, the media, and throughout Western societies. This article describes the theological and personality senses of the definition of charisma, the history of the term, and 21st century uses of both senses in particular sectors of society.

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Idolatry 偶像崇拜

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Napoleon

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Transcendentalize 先驗化

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Benjamin認為這種作法是利用崇高來達到兩種目的

1. Deifying the historical idol

2. Energizing mass emotion and action around his signification

12




Kitsch: 媚俗／忌屎

Kitsch is a ‘low-brow’ (低級、低俗) style of mass-produced art or design using popular or cultural icons.

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“The Widow”kitsch example in Wikipedia

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如果用崇高來造神是一種媚俗，那麼真正的崇高是什麼？

崇高←→群眾認同（mass identification）

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納粹對美與崇高的利用

Beethoven

Bach

Wagner

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Wedding cake architectural form

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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en


DumbGermanpeasant

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The workersof theSoviet Union

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中國大陸的工農兵

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Aestheticization of politics 政治的美學化

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電影的政治力量

Sublimity

Seduction

Social revelation

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“Aesthetics is never totally dissociated from politics, given the powerful social roles of the arts, and the way aesthetic categories are needed to understand these roles.” (p. 75)

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美學與政治的關係，干康德美學什麼事？

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如果康德美學確實是一種形式主義…

“There is nothing more human in the making of art, or religion, or aesthetic philosophy than the desire to invest abstract judgements about form with deep cultural, symbolic meaning and value. For communion around the largest possible ideas, thus turning art and nature into temples of religion, homes of human intimacy and vehicles of power.” (p. 75)

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Which is more deeply human, and more central to aesthetic theory and artistic practice?

The desire to free aesthetic focus and pleasure from the burden of meaning and symbolization

The counter-tendency to invest the experience with sublime values

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Mondrianpainting

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Hilter

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“Where there is no meaning to begin with, or little as yet, the possibilities of supplying a script are vast.” (p. 75)

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當一位哲學家給一個東西賦予意義的時候，他就變成了這個東西當下的藝術家

康德說，「美」是「善」的符號；這等於說，一幅美麗的圖畫，象徵道德的良善

30




擡頭看天上的星空，你看到什麼？

Breath of the universe (天行健，君子以自強不息)

Emptiness of the universe

“This seeing-as, this way of perceiving more than is in the thing itself, is generated by our cultural positions, not simply our shared humanity.” (p.76)

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如何看待藝術作品與美的東西？

康德：the moral law within

休姆：commodities to be enjoyed, civilizing instruments, things to be discussed in men’s clubs

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康德的天堂：頭頂的星空＆內心的道德律

休姆的天堂：一個有好的葡萄酒與雪茄的場合

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當代前衛藝術的藝術作品

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當代兩個審美經驗的方式

as a singular, magical thing in itself with no further meaning attached, freed from the burdens of interest and purpose

as a massively symbolized ritual which serves the largest imaginable purposes

36



版權聲明頁碼作品版權標示作者╱來源

1-51 轉載自Microsoft Office 2007 PowerPoint設計主題範本，本作品依據Microsoft服務合約及著作權法第46、52、65條合理使用。

2 崇高對當代的影響：造神（formation of cults）

Aesthetics: Key Concepts in Philosophy, Herwitz, Daniel.

(Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008) , p.72

本作品依據著作權法第46、52、65條合理使用。

3 WIKIMEDIA COMMONS /Jules Michelet /作者：Thomas Couturehttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jules_Michelet.jpg ，瀏覽日期：2014.11.4。本作品依據著作權法第46、52、65條合理使用。

4 WIKIMEDIA COMMONS /GANCE Abel/ 作者：Studio Harcourthttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GANCE_Abel-24x30b-

.jpg

瀏覽日期：2014.11.4，本作品採用Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International釋出。

37

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jules_Michelet.jpg

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GANCE_Abel-24x30b-.jpg

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode









版權聲明

頁碼作品版權標示作者╱來源

6 ‘Charisma’ has two senses: (1)

compelling attractiveness or

charm that can inspire devotion

in others, (2) a divinely

conferred power or talent. For

some theological usages the

term is rendered charism, with

a meaning the same as sense 2.

文字引用自Wikipedia “Charisma”，編輯作者為：http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charisma&action=historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charisma瀏覽日期：2014.11.4，本作品採用Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic釋出。

7 Since the 1950s, the term has

become widely used, with

varying meanings, in religion,

the social sciences, the media,

and throughout Western

societies. This article describes

the theological and personality

senses of the definition of

charisma, the history of the

term, and 21st century uses of

both senses in particular sectors

of society.

文字引用自Wikipedia “Charisma”，編輯作者為：http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charisma&action=historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charisma

瀏覽日期：2014.11.4，本作品採用Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic釋出。

38

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charisma&action=history

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charisma

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons


http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charisma&action=history

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charisma







版權聲明


9 WIKIMEDIA COMMONS/ Bonaparte franchissant le Grand Saint-Bernard/ 作者：Jacques-Louis Davidhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jacques_Louis_David_-_Bonaparte_franchissant_le_Grand_Saint-Bernard,_20_mai_1800_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg ，瀏覽日期：2014.11.4。本作品依據著作權法第46、52、65條合理使用。

11 WIKIMEDIA COMMONS/Walter Benjamin/ 作者：Photo d'identité sans auteurhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Walter_Benjamin_vers_1928.jpg?uselang=zh-tw ，瀏覽日期：2014.11.4。本作品依據著作權法第46、52、65條合理使用。

12 Benjamin認為這種作法是利用崇高來達到兩種目的1. Deifying the historical idol

2. Energizing mass emotion

and action around his

signification




39

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jacques_Louis_David_-_Bonaparte_franchissant_le_Grand_Saint-Bernard,_20_mai_1800_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Walter_Benjamin_vers_1928.jpg?uselang=zh-tw







版權聲明


13 Kitsch is a ‘low-brow’ (低級、低俗) style of mass-produced art or design using popular or cultural icons.

文字引用自Wikipedia “Kitsch”，編輯作者為：http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kitsch&action=history

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitsch，瀏覽日期：2014.11.4。本作品採用Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic釋出。

14 WIKIMEDIA COMMONS /The Widow/作者：Dielman, F.http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Widow_(Boston_Public_Library).jpg ，瀏覽日期：2014.11.4。本作品依據著作權法第46、52、65條合理使用。

15 如果用崇高來造神是一種媚那麼真正的崇高是什麼？崇高 ←→ 群眾認同（massidentification）




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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitsch



http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Widow_(Boston_Public_Library).jpg







版權聲明


17 WIKIMEDIA COMMONS/ Roma, Colosseo/ 作者：Jerzy Strzeleckihttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roma06(js).jpg，瀏覽日期：2014.11.16。本作品採用 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported釋出。

18 WIKIMEDIA COMMONS/ Guerre des Paysans Freyheit/ 使用者：Ctruongngochttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guerre_des_Paysans_Freyheit_1525.jpg ，瀏覽日期：2014.11.14。本作品依據著作權法第46、52、65條合理使用。

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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guerre_des_Paysans_Freyheit_1525.jpg





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19 WIKIMEDIA COMMONS/ Worker and Kolkhoznitsa/ 作者：Adam Baker.https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Файл:Worker_and_Kolkhoznitsa.jpg ，瀏覽日期：2014.11.16。本作品採用Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International釋出。

20 楊植勝攝影，由所有權人楊植勝授權。您如需利用本作品，需另行向權利人取得授權。

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21 cization of politics 政治的美學化




22 電影的政治力量SublimitySeductionSocial revelation




23 “Aesthetics is never totally

dissociated from politics, given

the powerful social roles of the

arts, and the way aesthetic

categories are needed to

understand these roles.”




43







版權聲明


25 “There is nothing more human in the making of art, or religion, or aesthetic philosophy than the desire to invest abstract judgements about form with deep cultural, symbolic meaning and value. For communion around the largest possible ideas, thus turning art and nature into temples of religion, homes of human intimacy and vehicles of power.”




26 Which is more deeply human, and more central to aesthetic theory and artistic practice? The desire to free aesthetic focus

and pleasure from the burden of meaning and symbolization

• The counter-tendency to invest the experience with sublime values




44





版權聲明


27 WIKIMEDIA COMMONS/ Mondrianlike/ 作者：Hendrike.http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mondrianlike.png?uselang=zh ，瀏覽日期：2014.11.17。本作品採用Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic釋出。

28 WIKIMEDIA COMMONS/ Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler/ 作者：Muzej Revolucije Narodnosti Jugoslavije.http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Benito_Mussolini_and_Adolf_Hitler.jpg ，瀏覽日期：2014.11.17。本作品依據著作權法第46、52、65條合理使用。

29 “Where there is no meaning to

begin with, or little as yet, the

possibilities of supplying a

script are vast.”




45

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mondrianlike.png?uselang=zh



http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Benito_Mussolini_and_Adolf_Hitler.jpg







版權聲明


30 當一位哲學家給一個東西賦予意義的時候，他就變成了這個東西當下的藝術家康德說，「美」是「善」的符號；這等於說，一幅美麗的圖畫，象徵道德的良善




31 擡頭看天上的星空，你看到什麼？Breath of the universe (天行健，君子以自強不息)

Emptiness of the universe




31 “This seeing-as, this way of

perceiving more than is in the

thing itself, is generated by our

cultural positions, not simply

our shared humanity.”




46







版權聲明


32 如何看待藝術作品與美的東西？康德：the moral law within休姆：commodities to be enjoyed, civilizing instruments, things to be discussed in men’s clubs




33 康德的天堂：頭頂的星空＆內心的道德律休姆的天堂：一個有好的葡萄酒與雪茄的場合




35 openDemocracy /The politics of aesthetics: Mussolini and fascist Italy/ 作者：SIMONETTA FALASCA-ZAMPONI .https://www.opendemocracy.net/simonetta-falasca-zamponi/politics-of-aesthetics-mussolini-and-fascist-italy ，瀏覽日期：2014.11.17。本作品採用Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License釋出。

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https://www.opendemocracy.net/simonetta-falasca-zamponi/politics-of-aesthetics-mussolini-and-fascist-italy








版權聲明


36 當代兩個審美經驗的方式as a singular, magical thing in

itself with no further meaning

attached, freed from the

burdens of interest and purpose

as a massively symbolized

ritual which serves the largest

imaginable purposes




48



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