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TRANSCRIPT
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Nabeel Ahmad Nabeel
Lecturer, Department of Urdu
University of Education,Lower Mall campus, Lahore
A Critical Analysis of "Anna Karenina"
Leo Tolstoy earns great honour as a writer of world's classics. His novels depict
nineteenth century Russia in a graphic manner with all human passions and
emotions. Anna Karenina is known as one of the best novels ever written in
fiction. Through this novel, Tolstoy reflects spiritual decline of the central
character Anna, who commits suicide after leading a life of base and illicit
relations with her lover and betraying her husband. On the other hand the writer
portrays another character, Levin, at the place of spiritual height. Through these
characters, human nature of good and evil is revealed with minute details. The
novel covers a period of Russian life between 1872 and 1876 with life like
spectacles of Moscow and Petersburg in the days of Tzar before the Russian
Revolution. This novel was also picturized in Hollywood and the film enjoys
reputation of a classic movie at box office. The Theme, the plot construction,
characterization and manner of narrating the story remain superb in the hands of
Tolstoy._______________________
~ ¬@¯oZŠ[»x**xìXN*&ðägzÏ6 (Leo TolstoyY1910 YX 1828) C™ÑÇaN*&ðFather ÔBoyhood ÔAnna KareninaÔAlbertÔWar and Peace ¼Š�á‚gc*ŠÇggh}X~
The Kreutzer ÔThe Forged CouponÔThe CossacksÔResurrectionÔMaster and Man ÔSergius
255
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(1) !*]ÅÍZ„ÌŠêìX"If I wanted to say in words everything that I had it in mind to express in
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065
by Levin whose old home represents for him a whole world, the
world that had been the life and death of his parents. It is the
world of Mascow tradition, rather than of Petersburg novelty,
and these two cities are here, as elsewhere in Russian
Literature, used to symbolize the conflict between old pieties
and modern pressures." (15)
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ìX®ZZq-,Zzg‡ŠgÇnÅÔ~ƒVÔÆ.Þ6,CäZgZŠ~ÃÒÐè¯äóóÅWgizÅZ#z{Zq-0*pn»{:6,zgÂåÔ1Zk**ïVÐDg™äzZáCÆat"wäÅ!*]ìZzgZL**zßV~W\Ëø»x™DƒñŠÙ�ÔŒVJ-LLg*&óóÆ»½~ƒ.$uÍÙ™ä”�XLL~Zq-**zw0Yå1Cä=yZ[™Šc*óóX)82(
»î.$N*&ð~Zq-xWŠòÅz{Wy~$zg~¶!z{Ç|»WgizqåX"Anna Karenina is not a book with a single theme, but many themes. We can
easily assume that Tolstoy wanted to recapitulate for himself and for his readers
everything that he knows about men, women and life….In this great summing
-up,however,there is no catharsis, no resolution. For just as Anna`s despair
intensified but distorted her sensibilities just before her suicide, the edge of crisis
and conversion sharpened and deepened Tolstoy`s already comprehensive vision
of life. And because Tolstoy was morally and artistically no longer capable of
simplifying that vision, the many themes of Anna Karenina resist resolution and
coexist only in a fragile equilibrium". )92(
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jjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙzzzzjjjjZZZZ!!!!YYYY]]]]
Anna karenina, Translated edition. Victor Shklovsky and Olga Shartse. (Progress
publishers, soviet socialist Republics, 1978.p.426.)
1C
Gifford , Henry, Tolstoy (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1982.p.48.) 2C
C@*yðÔM'»g"545é GEGEÔáW:i©gÔуgÔ&]Ô8991YÔm56 3C
C@*yðÔM'»g"545é GEGEÔáW:i©gÔуgÔm441 4C
C@*yðÔM'»g"545é GEGEÔáW:i©gÔуgÔm37Ô117 5C
Nabokov,Vladimir.(1981). Lecture on Russian Literature. New York:
Harvest.pp.137,183.
6C
C@*yðÔM'»g"545é GEGEÔáW:i©gÔуgÔm56 7C
C@*yðÔM'»g"545é GEGEÔáW:ZÅxZ/ÔуgÔaŠO~ahDiÔ6691Ymm145Ô055Ô165 8
C@*yðÔM'»g"545é GEGEÔáW:i©gÔуgÔm73 9
C@*yðÔM'»g"545é GEGEÔáW:i©gÔуgÔm536 01
C@*yðÔM'»g"545é GEGEÔáW:i©gÔуgÔm647 11
C@*yðÔM'»g"545é GEGEÔáW:i©gÔуgÔm167 21
C@*yðÔM'»g"545é GEGEÔáW:i©gÔуgÔm663 31
C@*yðÔM'»g"545é GEGEÔáW:i©gÔуgÔm144 41
Gifford, (ed) Leo Tolstoy (Penguin Critical Anthologies, Harmondsworth ,
1971.p.301) .
51
C@*yðÔM'»g"545é GEGEÔáW:i©gÔуgÔm03 61
C@*yðÔM'»g"545é GEGEÔáW:ZÅxZ/ÔуgÔaŠO~ahDiÔ6691Ym13 71
C@*yðÔM'»g"545é GEGEÔáW:i©gÔуgÔ)Zs( 81
C@*yðÔM'»g"545é GEGEÔáW:ZÅxZ/ÔуgÔaŠO~ahDiÔ6691Ym87 91
775
C@*yðÔM'»g"545é GEGEÔáW:ZÅxZ/ÔуgÔaŠO~ahDiÔ6691Ym045 02
C@*yðÔM'»g"545é GEGEÔáW:ZÅxZ/ÔуgÔaŠO~ahDiÔ6691Ym175 12
™ZcÔZ³F,¹ZgŠz0*ÎyÔ2991Ymm962Ô972 . gzÏZŠ[)¢Šzx( . ·š 22
C@*yðÔM'»g"545é GEGEÔáW:ZÅxZ/ÔуgÔaŠO~ahDiÔ6691Ym725 32
Leavis ,F.R. Anna Karenina and other essays .(Chatto and Windus, London, 42
1967.p.16)
Lawrence, D. H.( 1955). D.H. Lawrence's response to Russain Literature . 52
London , Chatto and Windus Publications. p.12.
Gifford , Henry(ed) Leo Tolstoy. (Penguin Crictical Anthologies, Harmondsworth 62
, 1971. p.98.)
C@*yðÔM'»g"545é GEGEÔáW:ZÅxZ/ÔуgÔaŠO~ahDiÔ6691Ym725 72
Lawrence, D.H. (1955). D.H. Lawrence's response to Russain Literature. London 82
, Chatto and windus publications. P. 18
Benson, Ruth Crego.Women in Tolstoy. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 92
1973.
Translations
/ Anna Karenina, Translated by Constance Garnett. (1901) Still widely reprinted.
/ Anna Karenina, Translated by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky (Allen
Lane / Penguin, London, 2000.)
/ Anna Karenina, Translated by Margaret Wettlin (Progress Publishers, 1978.)
C¤ÅiŒéðÔkBZzgZðÔáW:�á@qÔуgó7Ê-,çGXÅÔ)¢ZÍw3991Y¢Šzx4991Y( /
"Anna Karenina" Translated by Richard Peveas and Larissa Volokbonsky, /
Penguin Books 2000.
875