ce 3220 14 concrete.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Concrete and Concrete
Equipment
![Page 2: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
FRESH CONCRETE
To the designer, fresh concrete
is of little importance. To the
constructor, fresh concrete is
all-important, because it must
be mixed, transported, placed,
supported, consolidated,
finished, and cured.
![Page 3: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
FRESH CONCRETE
![Page 4: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
CEMENT
TRUCK
![Page 5: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Quantities of Cement,
Aggregate and Water
Specifications may simply
define strength:
28 day strength
(i.e. 2,500, 3,000 or 6,000 psi,
25N/mm2, 30N/mm2)
![Page 6: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
MIXTURE
PROPORTIONS
• The higher the water-cement ratio, the lower
the resulting strength and durability
• The more water that is used (which is not to
be confused with the water-cement ratio), the
higher will be the slump
• The more aggregate that is used, the lower
the cost of the concrete
![Page 7: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
MIXTURE
PROPORTIONS
• The larger the maximum size of coarse
aggregate, the less the amount of
cement paste that will be needed to coat
all the particles and to provide
necessary workability.
• Adequate consolidation produces
stronger and more durable concrete.
![Page 8: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
MIXTURE
PROPORTIONS
• The use of properly entrained air
enhances almost all concrete properties
with little or no decrease in strength if the
mix proportions are adjusted for the air.
• The surface abrasion resistance of the
concrete is almost entirely a function of
the properties of the fine aggregate.
![Page 9: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Quantities of Cement,
Aggregate and Water
Specs may define other requirements:
• Maximum size aggregate (i. e. 40mm.)
• Minimum cement content (sacks per cy
or lb/cy)
• Maximum water cement ratio by weight
or in gallons per sack of cement)
![Page 10: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Quantities of Cement,
Aggregate and Water
• One sack of cement weighs 50kg
• One barrel of cement contains
four sacks
• Specific gravity of cement, 3.15
![Page 11: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Quantities of Cement,
Aggregate and Water
• Specific gravity (average) of course
or fine aggregate, 2.65
• Water weighs 62.4 lb/cf
• One cf of water = 7.48 U.S. gal
• One gallon of water weighs 8.33 lb
![Page 12: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Quantities of Cement,
Aggregate and Water
Usually the proportion of fine
aggregate varies between 25 and 45%
of total aggregate volume.
Absolute volume of any ingredient in
cubic feet equals:
Wt of the ingredient lb
Specific gravity ingredient lb cf
( )
. / 62 4
![Page 13: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
QUANITY EXAMPLE
•Max. size aggregate 1½ in.
•Min. cement content 6.0 sacks/cy
•Max. water/cement ratio 0.65
![Page 14: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
QUANITY EXAMPLE
Cement/cubic yard 6.0 sacks
6 sacks 94 lb/sack = 564 lb
Absolute volume of cement
564
3 15 62 42 87
lbcf
. ..
![Page 15: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
QUANITY EXAMPLE
Water/cubic yard
564 lb 0.65 = 366.6 lb
Absolute volume of water
366 6
1 0 62 45 88
.
. ..
lbcf
![Page 16: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
QUANITY EXAMPLE
Absolute volume of 1 cy of
concrete = 27.0 cf
Assume 6% air voids
27 0 0 06 1 62. . . cf
![Page 17: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
QUANITY EXAMPLE
Absolute volume of aggregate
=16.63 cf
27 0 2 87 5 88 1 62. . . .
![Page 18: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
QUANITY EXAMPLE
Absolute volume of sand
Assume fine aggregate 35%
Weight fine aggregate
= 962.4 lb/cy
0 35 16 63 5 82. . . cf
5 82 2 65 62 4. . .cf
![Page 19: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
QUANITY EXAMPLE
Absolute volume of coarse
aggregate
Weight course aggregate
= 1,787.5 lb/cy
16 63 5 82 10 81. . . cf
10 81 2 65 62 4. . .cf
![Page 20: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
QUANITY EXAMPLE
Assume a 700 cy placement.
Cement required
197.4 tn
564 0 700 394 800. #/ ,cy cy lb
![Page 21: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
QUANITY EXAMPLE
Assume a 700 cy placement.
Water required
30,807 gallons
366 6 700 256 620. #/ ,cy cy lb
256 620
8 33
,
. #/
lb
gal
![Page 22: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
QUANITY EXAMPLE
Assume a 6 hours for the
placement.
Or 86 gallons/minute
30 807
65 134
,, /
gal
hoursgal hr
![Page 23: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
QUANITY EXAMPLE
Assume a 700 cy placement.
Sand required
337 tn
962 4 700 673 680. #/ ,cy cy lb
![Page 24: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
QUANITY EXAMPLE
Assume a 700 cy placement.
Course aggregate required
626 tn
1 787 5 700 1 251 250, . #/ , ,cy cy lb
![Page 25: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
QUANITY
EXAMPLE
Assume a 700 cy placement.
How much for waste??
![Page 26: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
MIXING
TECHNIQUES
Transit-mixed
![Page 27: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
BATCH PLANT
Accurately proportions
aggregate and cement.
Water is measured in
the truck mixer.
![Page 28: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
CENTRAL-MIXED
Mixer
![Page 29: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
CONCRETE PLANT
STANDARDS
Cement of cementitious
materials shall be batched by
weight.
Aggregates shall be batched
by weight.
Water shall be batched by
weight or volume.
![Page 30: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
MIXER TYPES
Freefall mixers
• Tilting mixers
• Reversible mixers
Power mixers
• Pan mixers
• Trough mixers
![Page 31: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
MIXER
TYPES
Tilting
mixer
(drum) in
a central-
mix plant
![Page 32: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
MIXER TYPES
Reversible concrete mixer with a skip
and tilting hopper.
![Page 33: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
MIXER TYPES
Large
pan
mixer
![Page 34: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
MIXER
TYPES
Large
pan
mixer
![Page 35: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
MIXER TYPES
Single-
shaft
trough
mixer
![Page 36: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
MIXER TYPES
Twin-shaft
trough
mixer
![Page 37: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
HAULING CONCRETE
Transit-mix truck (truck mixer)
Maximum duration 1 ½ hr or
300 drum revolutions from
introduction of water until
placement.
![Page 38: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
TRUCK MIXER
Rear-discharge mixer
![Page 39: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
TRUCK MIXER
Front-discharge mixer
![Page 40: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
TRUCK MIXER
Trailer truck mixer
![Page 41: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
MIXER DRUM
![Page 42: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
MIXER DRUM
![Page 43: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
HAULING CONCRETE
Wet Central Mix Concrete
Using dump or agitator
trucks, 30 minute maximum
haul at 70 to 90 degrees.
![Page 44: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
CENTRAL
MIX PLANT
![Page 45: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
CENTRAL MIX PLANT
Accurately proportions
aggregate, cement and
water, and mixes these
materials automatically.
![Page 46: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
CENTRAL MIX PLANT
On-site plant for
large concrete
quantities
![Page 47: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Compact
mobile plant
for small site
![Page 48: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
CABLE & BUCKET
SYSTEM
![Page 49: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
CABLE & BUCKET
SYSTEM
![Page 50: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
A Giant 13-cy
bucket used for
the construction
of Glenn Canyon
Dam in the 1960s
CABLE &
BUCKET
SYSTEM
![Page 51: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
CRANE &
BUCKET
SYSTEM
![Page 52: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
CRANE &
BUCKET
SYSTEM
Bucket for wall
concreting
![Page 53: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
CRANE & BUCKET
SYSTEM
![Page 54: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
CRANE & BUCKET
SYSTEM
Slab concreting
![Page 55: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
CONVEYOR SYSTEM
![Page 56: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
CONVEYOR SYSTEM
![Page 57: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Truck-mixer-mounted
belt conveyor
![Page 58: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Truck-Mounted
Pump
![Page 59: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Truck-Mounted Pump
Max. horizontal reach nominal reach 12 ft
12 ft
PUMPING
![Page 60: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Truck-Mounted Pump
PUMPING
![Page 61: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Truck-Mounted
Pump
Consider space
allowance for
outriggers
PUMPING
![Page 62: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Two stationary
pumps used on a
bridge project.
PUMPING
![Page 63: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Trailer Pump PUMPING
![Page 64: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Pump with Pipeline and
Tower-Mounted Boom
PUMPING
![Page 65: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Pump with Pipeline
and Tower-Mounted
Boom Boom
climbing
inside core
of structure
![Page 66: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Pump with
Pipeline and
Tower-Mounted
Boom
External tower-
mounted boom
PUMPING
![Page 67: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Pump
with
pipeline
and tower-
mounted
boom
PUMPING
![Page 68: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Pump with
pipeline and tower-
mounted
boom
PUMPING
![Page 69: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Pump with
pipeline
and tower-
mounted
boom
PUMPING
![Page 70: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Pump with
pipeline
and tower-
mounted
boom
PUMPING
![Page 71: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Maximum theoretical outputs
of up to 300 cy per hr
Common building elements of
regular dimensions –
40 cy per hr
PUMPING OUTPUTS
![Page 72: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Thick slabs (in excess of 20 in.)
and similar elements –
60 cy per hr
Mass concreting of large elements
(i.e. dams, raft foundations) –
80 cy per hr
PUMPING OUTPUTS
![Page 73: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
SHOTCRETING
![Page 74: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
CONCRETE
PLACEMENT
Very important to
prevent
segregation of the
coarse aggregate
during
placement.
![Page 75: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
CONSOLIDATION
Consolidation
is normally
achieved
through the
use of
mechanical
vibrators.
![Page 76: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
SCREED
![Page 77: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
TROWELING
Walk-behind
single-rotor
power trowels
![Page 78: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
TROWELING
Ride-on
double-rotor
power trowel
![Page 79: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
TEMPERATURE
When the temperature of
fresh concrete exceeds 85
or 90°F, the resulting
strength and durability of
the concrete can be
reduced.
![Page 80: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
TEMPERATURE
Most specifications require
that concrete be placed at a
temperature of less than
90°F. In hot weather it may
be necessary to cool the
ingredients before mixing
![Page 81: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
CURING
Do not forget
about the curing
requirements.
![Page 82: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
SLIPFORM PAVER
![Page 83: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
SLIPFORM PAVER
![Page 84: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
PAVING OVER DOWELS
![Page 85: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
PAVING OVER REBAR
![Page 86: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
SIDE FEEDER
Side feeder when paving over
dowels or rebar.
![Page 87: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
PAVING THE
MIDDLE LANE
![Page 88: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
CONCRETE
![Page 89: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
SMOOTHNESS
Specifications require smoothness.
A “Profileometer.” is used to measure
smoothness.
![Page 90: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
SMOOTHNESS
Monitor supply of concrete.
Mix design is but a prerequisite.
Many of the problems occurring
in pavements concern what is
done with the mix.
![Page 91: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Control
density.
Vibration is a
vital part of the
paving process.
SMOOTHNESS
Paver Vibrators
![Page 92: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
SMOOTHNESS
Weight & Traction
The principle which makes a
slipform paver work is the
consolidation of the concrete
in a confined space.
![Page 93: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
SMOOTHNESS
Paver attitude.
The paver attitude is
the attack angle in
relation to the concrete.
![Page 94: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
SAWING
JOINTS
![Page 95: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
SAWING JOINTS
Saw depth
Resulting
crack
![Page 96: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
![Page 97: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
BRIDGE DECK
![Page 98: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
LABOR
• Carpenters
• Labors
• Cement masons
• Ironworkers
• Teamsters
• Operating engineers
![Page 99: CE 3220 14 Concrete.pdf](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022013123/577c7e6b1a28abe054a110ca/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
SAFETY
Placing of concrete,
placing by pumping
requires particular
caution!