统考大学英语B

之

第三部分 词汇与结构

目录页 CONTENTS PAGE

04 统计规律

01 考点聚焦

02 解题技巧

03 实战解析

试卷结构与题型

部分 项目 内容 题型 考点 题量 分值 总分 时间

（分钟）

Ⅲ 词汇与结

构 5个单句 单选

词汇与语法知识运用

5 2 10 10

考试内容与要求

【语法】考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识，并能在

语言活动中较正确地加以运用。

【词汇】考生应认知3000个单词，并熟练掌握其中

的1800个单词及其基本的搭配。

第三部分：词汇与结构（共5小题；每小题2分，满

分10分）

此部分共有5个未完成的句子，针对每个句子中

未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选

项中选出正确选项。

考题回顾

16. I tried to put _____ a telephone call to him,

but his line was always busy.

A. over B. into

C. away D. through

17. I hadn’t seen him for years, but I _______

his voice on the telephone.

A. realized B. recognized

C. discovered D. heard

考题回顾

18. Neither Bill nor his parents __________ at home.

A. is B. has C. are D. was

19. If you don’t want to get wet, you had better____

this umbrella with you.

A. take B. to take C. taken D. for taking

20. Did you notice the guy ______ head looked like

a big potato?

A. who B. which C. whose D. whom

考题回顾

通过近五年的真题分析，词汇部分的考点主要集中在：

a. 词义辨析含固定词组的意义辨析

b.固定搭配/短语

d.形容词、副词比较级和最高级

命题分析

语法部分的考点主要集中在以下几个方面：

a.虚拟语气

b.非谓语动词

c.时态和语态

d.各类从句

e.倒装句、强调句和感叹句

f. 主谓一致

命题分析

Unit 1 综述

Unit 2 动词的时态和语态

Unit 3 情态动词与虚拟语气

Unit 4 非谓语动词

Unit 5 形容词与副词

Unit 6 特殊句型

Unit 7 代词与冠词

Unit 8 定语从句

Unit 9 状语从句

Unit 10 名词性从句

专项分类

目录页 CONTENTS PAGE

04 统计规律

01 考点聚焦

02 解题技巧

03 实战解析

直接法

利用语法知识，通过题干已供信息，捕捉

到解题线索

关键词法

找到句中的关键词，也就找到解题的突破口

类推法

如果A对，那么B也对

解题技巧

排除法

根据题干信息，排除干扰项，辨别真伪 。

前后照应法

联系上下文，捕捉隐含信息 。

解题技巧

一、综 述

语法略览

句法

词法

语法

词类

句子成分

短语

从句

句子

语法略览

二、动词的时态和语态

语法略览

动词的基本时态

时态 主动语态 被动语态

一般现在时 主语A+谓语do/does+ 宾语B

B+ am/is/are+done

一般过去时 A +did +B B+was/were+done

一般将来时 A +will do + B B+ will be done

现在进行时 A+ is/are doing +B B+ is/are being done

过去进行时 A+ was/were doing

+B

B+ was/were being

done

现在完成时 A+has/have done+B B+ have been done

过去完成时 A+had done+B B+ had been done

过去将来时 A+would do+B B+ would be done

语法略览

1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。

I go to school on foot.

2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。

He can swim.

3)表示客观真理

The moon moves round the earth.

1.一般现在时表示

语法略览

1）过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。

I bought a new shirt yesterday.

2）过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

When I was a child, I often played with fire.

2、一般过去时

语法略览

形式为will / shall do /be going to do.

在未来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

The telephone is ringing. I will answer it.

be going to +动词原形

表示计划、打算要做某事, 还表示某种迹象表

明会发生某事

3．一般将来时态

语法略览

1）现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，

强调“此时此刻”

He is reading .

2）某些动词的现在进行时，表预定的计划或即

将发生的动作

I am coming.

4、现在进行时

语法略览

1） 过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。

They were playing football at ten o’clock

yesterday morning.

2） 过去某阶段持续进行的动作

What were you doing during the holiday?

5. 过去进行时

语法略览

形式为have / has done，常与already，never，

ever, yet 连用。

1）表示过去发生的对现在有影响的动作。

The milk has already become undrinkable.

2）表示过去某时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。

He has lived here since 1949.

6. 现在完成时态

语法略览

形式为had done. 表示在过去某一时刻以前已经开

始并一直延续到这一时刻、或是在此刻前已经完成

的动作。

By the end of last term we had learned 1000

English words.

7．过去完成时

语法略览

表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。

是在某一过去时之后发生的动作, 我们可以理解为它

是“立足于过去，着眼于未来”的一种时态．

Li Ming said that you would be happy if you

heard from me.

其结构为＂would/should +v". 第一人称用should，

其它人称用would．

8、过去将来时

语法略览

1．动词的语态：主语和谓语之间的关系。

英语有两种语态：

a.主动语态:主语是谓语动作的执行者，

b.被动语态:主语是谓语动作的承受者。

动词的语态 语法略览

用法：不知道动作的主语是谁

动作的承受者是谈话的中心

结构：be+过去分词；

一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词

一般过去时：was/were+过去分词

一般将来时：will/shall + be+过去分词

被动语态 语法略览

现在完成时：has/have + been+过去分词

过去完成时：had + been+过去分词

过去将来时：would/should +be+过去分词

现在进行时：am/is/are + being+过去分词

过去进行时：was/were + being+过去分词

含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词

语法略览

Every year thousands of lives ______ in road

accidents because of careless driving.

A. lose

B. lost

C. have lost

D. are lost

语法略览

2．英语中的一些感官动词

如see, watch, notice, hear 和

使役动词make, have, let +不带to的不定式(do sth.)

但在被动语态中to则不能少。

语法略览

After the Minister of Education had finished

speaking at the press conference, he was made

______ all sorts of awkward questions.

A. answer

B. answering

C. answered

D. to answer

语法略览

3．在need, want, require等及物动词后

面接动名词的主动形式可以表示被动

含义。

语法略览

My watch has been losing time for the past

week. It probably needs ______.

A. cleaning

B. to clean

C. cleaned

D. to be cleaning

语法略览

三、情态动词与虚拟语气

语法略览

A. 常用的情态动词有

must，can，be able to，need，shall,

should（ought to）, could，would。

情态动词 语法略览

—Could I borrow your dictionary?

—Yes, of course, you____.

A. might

B. will

C. can

D. should

语法略览

You ______ buy some reference books

when you go to college.

A. could

B. will have to

C. must to

D. might

语法略览

重点掌握“情态动词+完成时”的用法

1. must + have done: 表示对过去的一种肯定的推

测，意为“肯定”“一定”。

2. may (might) + have done: 用于肯定和否定句，

表示对已发生的是事情的推测，相当于“可能”、

“大概”，但不太肯定。

语法略览

3. should (ought to) +have done

该结构一般用于虚拟语气

肯定句表过去应该做却没有做的事，译为“本应”

否定句表示过去本不该发生的事却发生了，译为“

本不该”。

语法略览

He didn’t pass the final examination.

He ______ it.

A. must have prepared for

B. ought to prepare for

C. ought to have prepared for

D. ought to prepare for

语法略览

4. could (not) + have done

表过去的时间，说明某事可能（不可能）发生

肯定句表示某事过去本可以做但却未做

否定句表示某事过去本来不应该做但做了

语法略览

Had you come five minutes earlier, you

______ the train to Birmingham. But now

you missed it.

A. would catch

B. would have caught

C. could catch

D. should catch

语法略览

5. needn’t + have done

表示不必做的事却做了， 可译为“其实不必”

语法略览

—Shall I tell John about it?

—No, you ___. I've told him already.

A. needn't

B. wouldn't

C. mustn't

D. shouldn't

语法略览

虚拟语气考点梳理

a. 同现在事实相反的假设

条件从句中的谓语动词用一般过去式，(如果谓

语动词是系动词，要用 were），主句的谓语动

词用would (should, could, might)+动词原形。

一、If 条件状语虚拟语气

If I were you, I would go abroad.

语法略览

b.同过去事实相反的假设

条件从句中的谓语动词用过去完成式，主句的谓

语用would (should, could, might) +have done

例如：

If she had worked harder, she would have

succeeded.

语法略览

Had he worked hard, he ________ the exams.

A. must have got through

B. would have got through

C. would get through

D. could get through

语法略览

c. 表示对将来的假想

条件从句的谓语动词用should +动词原形，或

were to +动词原形，主句的谓语动词用would

(should, could, might)+动词原形，例如：

If you should succeed, everything would

be all right.

语法略览

※ 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有 were, should,

或 had, 可将if 省略，再把 were, should 或 had 移

到从句句首，实行倒装。例如：

Were they here now, they could help us.

If they were here now, they could help us.

语法略览

1）“ It is +形容词+ that…” 结构中主语从句的谓语

动词要用 should 加动词原形，或将should 省

略，直接用动词原形。

这些形容词一般表示“应当，必须，惊奇，重要”

等意思，主要有：essential, important, necessary,

advisable, surprising, better, preferable等

二、主语从句中的虚拟语气

语法略览

It is necessary that everyone keep a secret.

= It is necessary that everyone should keep a

secret.

语法略览

This is very difficult operation. It is essential

that you ____ for emergency.

A. are to be prepared

B. would prepared

C. be prepared

D. must be prepared

语法略览

2)“ It is +动词的过去分词+that从句”，谓语动词要

用 should 加动词原形，或将should 省略，直接

用动词原形。这些动词一般表示“要求，命令，

建议”等, 有 require, demand, request, desire,

suggest, recommend, order, decide等

语法略览

It was required that the errors ______ in the

composition.

A. are corrected

B. be corrected

C. were corrected

D. correct

语法略览

3)“ It is +名词+that从句”，从句中的谓语动词要用

should 加动词原形，或将should 省略，直接用

动词原形。这些名词有，a pity, a shame, no

wonder等，例如：

It is a pity that you should fail in the examination.

语法略览

1) 在表示命令、建议、要求,请求等一类动词后面的

宾语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，谓语中的动

词用“should+动词原形”或将should省略，直

接用动词原形。这些动词常见的有：order,

demand, request, demand, require, insist,

suggest, desire, advise, move, ask 等

三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气

The doctor suggested that she not smoke.

语法略览

We desire that the tour leader ____ us

immediately of any changes in plan.

A. inform

B. informs

C. informed

D. has informed

语法略览

2）动词wish后的宾语从句，表示与事实相反的情

况或不太可能实现的愿望

如果表示与现在事实相反，从句的谓语动词用一

般过去式；如果与过去事实相反，从句的谓语动词

用过去完成时；如果与将来事实相反，从句的谓语

动词用“would (could)+动词原形” 例如：

She wished she had not said it.

语法略览

在表示“建议，计划，命令，要求”等含义的名词后面的

同位语或表语从句中要求用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词

用should+动词原形或省略should 直接用动词原形，这些

名词主要有：demand ,desire, requirement, advice,

order, decision, suggestion, plan, idea, request,

importance, recommendation等，例如：

四、同位语从句或表语从句中的虚拟语气

His suggestion is that you should attend the meeting.

语法略览

Her suggestion that everybody _____ was not

accepted.

A. sing a song

B. sang a song

C. sung a song

D. singing a song

语法略览

1）would rather/if only 后可以用动词原形表

示与现在或将来事实相反，用“have

done”表示与过去事实相反，例如：

五、其他需要使用虚拟语气的句式

语法略览

I would rather that he ___________now.

A. go shopping

B. went shopping

C. goes shopping

D. does shopping

语法略览

If only she ________ the opportunity to go

to university in those years.

A. has

B. has had

C. will have

D. had had

语法略览

2)“ It is high/about time +that从句”结构中，

从句中的谓语动词一般用动词的一般过去式。

例如：

语法略览

It’s time we _______ the lecture because

everybody has arrived.

A. will start

B. shall start

C. start

D. started

语法略览

3) as if, as though,引起的方式状语从句和表

语从句中， 以及if only引导的句子

语法略览

He talks as if he ________ everything in the world.

A. knows

B. knew

C. had known

D. would have known

语法略览

4） 在“in case, lest, for fear ”引导的状语从句中

表示“以防，以免”，从句的谓语动词用

“should+动词原形”。

语法略览

You took the raincoat in case it should rain.

5) 含蓄虚拟结构: 含蓄虚拟条件句通常用

supposing, but for, but that, given，without,

otherwise等词引出，例如：

But for his help, I would not have completed

the task.

语法略览

四、非谓语动词

语法略览

非谓语动词 动名词 doing

分 词

不定式 to do

现在分词doing

过去分词done

语法略览

非谓语动词考点梳理

＊ 非谓语动词有-ing分词，不定式，-ed分词三种,不

能单独作谓语。

＊ 非谓语动词考点主要集中在以下几点：

语法略览

She apologized for not being able to take

part in the party.

I、介词后加动词，动词要加-ing.

语法略览

Before ________ for the job, you will be

required to take a language test.

A. apply

B. applying

C. applied

D. to apply

语法略览

II、固定搭配（请大家平时注意积累）

afford 付得起, agree同意, decide决定,

determine决心, expect期望, hope希望,

manage努力, refuse拒绝, offer提供

pretend假装…

a、接不定式作宾语的动词有

语法略览

He ____ to arrange a loan through a finance

company.

A. tried

B. succeeded

C. managed

D. endeavored

语法略览

b、下列动词或动词词组后只接动名词(doing) 作宾语

1) admit承认, appreciate感激, avoid躲避,

delay延期, consider考虑, escape逃避,

enjoy喜欢, finish完成, mind介意,

practice练习, risk冒险, suggest建议…

语法略览

I would appreciate ______back this afternoon.

A. you to call

B. you call

C. your calling

D. you're calling

语法略览

2) can’t help情不自禁 can’t stand无法忍受

give up放弃 feel like喜欢 put off推迟

be busy忙于 be used to习惯于 admit to承认

look forward to渴望 object to反对

have difficulty /trouble (in)做某事有困难

pay attention to注意…

语法略览

Jean did not have time to go to the concert last

night because she was busy ___ for her exam.

A. to prepare

B. to be prepared

C. preparing

D. being prepared

语法略览

c、以下动词后既可以用-ING分词也可用不定

式作宾语/宾补，但有很大的差别：

语法略览

1）remember，forget， regret后

加-ing 分词表示事情已发生

加不定式表示事情未发生

forget / remember

to do sth 忘记/记住去做某事

doing sth 忘记/记住已做某事

语法略览

If I had remembered ____ the window,

the thief would not have got in.

A. to close

B. closing

C. to have closed

D. having closed

语法略览

—The light in the office is still on.

—Oh, I forgot _______.

A. turning it off

B. turn it off

C. to turn it off

D. having turned it off

语法略览

stop to do sth 停下来接着做另一件事

doing sth 停止做某事

try to do sth 努力/试图做某事

doing sth 尝试着做某事

2）既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语

语法略览

She searched the top of the hill and stopped

______on a big rock by the side of the path.

A. to have rested

B. resting

C. to rest

D. rest

语法略览

3）感官动词如see ,watch 等+sb. 后加-ing

分词表示正在做某事；后加不带to 的不定

式则表示做了某事。

语法略览

4) used to do 过去常常做……

be used to doing 习惯做……

be used to do 被用来做……

语法略览

The retired man is used to _____ his two

dogs early in the morning.

A. exercise

B. exercising

C. exercised

D. exercises

语法略览

d、使役动词后用不带to的不定式做宾补,改成被动

后要还原 to.

make sb. do →sb. be made to do

语法略览

Jane was made ______ the truck for a

week as a punishment.

A. to wash

B. washing

C. wash

D. to be washing

语法略览

e、不定式用作介词but和except的宾语时，

如果其前有do的某种形式，不定式不带

to,否则不定式要带to(有do没to）.如：

I could do nothing but stay at home.

语法略览

That was so serious a matter that I had no

choice but ____the police.

A. called in

B. calling in

C. call in

D. to call in

语法略览

注意：在but构成的习惯用语中不带to:

can not help but do… (不得不）

can do nothing but do… (不得不）

can not choose but do…(不得不,别无选择）

can not do anything but do…(只能做)

语法略览

f、其他固定搭配：

have sth. done, keep (sb.) doing

spend… doing, it is /was +形容词+to do

it is /was +名词+ doing , 特殊疑问词+to do

sth. needs doing, be worth doing

You’d better do… , would like to do

can’t help doing, make oneself done

等等有很多，这就需要大家平时注意积累。

语法略览

I know it’s not important, but I can’t help

_____about it.

A. to think

B. and think

C. thinking

D. being thought

语法略览

The speaker raised his voice but still

couldn't make himself______.

A. hear

B. to hear

C. hearing

D. heard

语法略览

非谓语动词时态意义语态意义：

1）不定式表示将来

主动to do; 被动 to be done ; 完成to have done

2）-ing分词表示进行

主动doing ; 被动 being done; 完成 having done

3）-ed分词表示完成被动

III.考查非谓语动词时态语态意义的变化，特别非谓 语动词作定语和状语时。

语法略览

A bridge being built now

进行被动---正在修建的桥

A bridge to be built next year

将来被动----明年修建的桥

A bridge built two years ago

完成被动----两年前修建的桥

语法略览

(1) 不定式作后置定语

(2) 一般情况下单个分词作前置定语， 分词短语作后置

定语。例如：

I have an important meeting to attend.

Our country is a developing country.

The car ran along the road covered with snow.

IV.非谓语动词作定语时的位置问题：

语法略览

IIV、分词： 现在分词和过去分词

区别：掌握八个字。

分词 现在分词doing：主动、进行

过去分词done：被动、完成

语法略览

Location is the first thing customers consider

when ________ to buy a house.

A) planning

B) planned

C) to plan

D) having planned

语法略览

I feel it’s a great honor for me _____ to this party.

A. to invite

B. invite

C. having invited

D. to be invited

语法略览

五、形容词与副词

语法略览

1．比较级和最高级的构成形式

（1）绝大多数单音节和部分双音节词后加 -er 构

成比较级，加 –est 构成最高级。

（2）大部分双音节词和所有的多音节词，前面加

more 构成比较级，加 the most 构成最高级。

语法略览

2．形容词和副词的应用

（1）同等程度比较：as + 原级 + as

（2）不同程度的比较：比较级 + than

not as/so + 原级 + as

语法略览

（3）对比与比较： the +比较级, the +比较级

The older I get, the happier I am.

比较级+ and +比较级

became more and more beautiful.

语法略览

—Did the medicine make you feel better?

—No. The more _______, _______ I feel.

A. medicine I take; and the worse

B. medicine I take; the worse

C. I take medicine; the worse

D. I take medicine; worse

语法略览

（4）当几个形容词修饰一个名词时，其排列顺序是：

好坏、美丑 + 大小、新旧、颜色 +

质地、属性 + 名词

语法略览

—What will you buy for your boyfriend’s birthday?

—I want to buy a _______ wallet for him.

A. black leather small

B. small black leather

C. small leather black

D. black small leather

语法略览

（5）当被修饰的是以-thing, -one, -body结尾的不定

代词时，作定语的形容词要后置。

语法略览

I read something interesting.

＊不规则变化

good (well)-better-best bad (ill)-worse-worst

many (much)-more-most little-less-least

far-farther(更远）/further（程度更深）-

farthest/furthest

old-older（比…年龄大）/elder（年长的，做定语）-

oldest/eldest

语法略览

He was ______ fat that he couldn’t get

through the door.

A. so

B. how

C. such

D. much

考试重点：such…that和 so …that 的用法：

语法略览

They are ______students that they all

performed well in the nationwide

examinations.

A. so diligent

B. such diligent

C. so much diligent

D. such very diligent

语法略览

六、特殊句型

语法略览

焦点1 强调句---强调句子各成分，谓语除外

1、基本句型：

It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom+其它成分

语法略览

例：I bought an English book in that shop yesterday.

1) It was I that/ who bought an English book in that

shop yesterday.

2) It was an English book that I bought in that shop

yesterday.

3) It was in that shop that I bought an English book

yesterday.

4) It was yesterday that I bought an English book in

that shop.

语法略览

It is/was…+that…结构不能强调谓语，如需要

强调谓语时，用助动词do、does或did.

2、强调谓语动词

语法略览

强调谓语：I did buy an English book yesterday.

我昨天确实买了本英语书。

例：I bought an English book yesterday.

我昨天买了本英语书。

语法略览

焦点2 倒装句

1、完全倒装

用于“here (there, now, then)” +不及物动词

主语的句型，或以out, in, up, down, away等

副词开头的句型，如：

例：Look! Here comes the bus.

语法略览

So, nor, neither开头的句子，表示前面所说的情

况也适用于另一人或物，前后句的时态、形式应

保持一致。

例：So am I. / Neither does she.

语法略览

2、部分倒装

1）否定副词如no, not, never（从不）,

seldom（很少）, little（少得几乎没有）,

hardly(几乎不）,以及含有no, not的短语放

在句首时，句子须部分倒装。

语法略览

Nowhere else in the world ____ more attractive

scenery than in Switzerland.

A. you can find

B. is found

C. can you find

D. has been found

语法略览

2）以否定词开头的关联结构:

No sooner … than一…就…,

Hardly/scarcely…when一…就…,

Not only…but also 不但…而且…

语法略览

Not only are cars involved in most of the traffic

accidents, but they also ____ to the pollution

of the air.

A. contribute

B. promote

C. refer

D. matter

语法略览

In no circumstance _________.

A. smoking should be allowed on the campus

B. should smoking be allowed on the campus

C. should smoking allowed on the campus

D. should smoking allow on the campus

语法略览

3）当only置于句首时修饰状语时，句子要部分倒装

如：Only in this way can we learn English well.

只有用这种方法我们才能学好英语.

语法略览

4）由as/though(尽管，虽然…但是)引导的让步状

语从句，从句形成倒装，如：

Child as he was, he could speak five languages.

Child 前的 “a” 在提前时被省略掉

语法略览

七、代词与冠词

语法略览

1．many, few 和 a few：修饰或指代可数名词，

much, little 和 a little ：修饰或指代不可数名词。

a few 和 a little：“有一些”，具有肯定意义，

而few 和 little：“几乎没有”，具有否定意义。

many 和 much表示“许多”。

代词用于指代。包括：人称、物主、反身、疑问、不定代词等。

语法略览

The baby is hungry, but there’s ______

milk in the bottle.

A. little

B. a little

C. few

D. a few

语法略览

2．表示“全部”：两者用both， 三者以上用all

表示“全无”：两者用neither，三者以上用none

表示“任一”：两者用either，三者以上用any

语法略览

She has two best friends. ______ of them is

in the country.

A. All

B. Both

C. No one

D. Neither

语法略览

定冠词：

the 表示“特指的一个或一些”。

通常用在形容词最高级及序数词前，

或世界上独一无二的事物前；

也用于乐器名词前。

冠词 语法略览

______ girl dressed ______ black is her

sister Rose.

A. A; in

B. A; on

C. The; on

D. The; in

语法略览

a / an表示“一”、“某一”概念，用于单数可数名词前。

a用在辅音开头的词前，an用在元音开头的词前。

不定冠词

语法略览

不使用冠词的情况：

在三餐饭、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称之前。在

某些惯用词中也不用冠词，以具体名词表示抽象

概念。 如：

have lunch/ play basketball/ go to school

语法略览

He is fond of playing _______ piano while his

brother is interested in listening to _______

music.

A. /; the

B. /; /

C. the; /

D. the; the

语法略览

八、定语从句

语法略览

1、常用关系词及用法

2、限制性和非限制性定语从句

3、定语从句的难点

定语从句考点梳理

语法略览

Can you tell me the name of the boy who

wears a pair of glasses?

Do you still remember the day when you

took this photo?

(先行词) (关系代词)

(关系副词) (先行词)

语法略览

焦点1：常用关系词及用法

关系代词/副词 先行词 在从句中的作用

who 指人 作主语

whom 指人 作宾语（可略）

whose 指人或物 作定语

that 指人或物 作主语/宾语

which 指物 作主语/宾语

when=in/at/on +which 表示时间的名词 作时间状语

where=in/on/at +which 表示地点的名词 作地点状语

Why（=for + which） reason 作原因状语

语法略览

the usage of the relative adverb

关系副词 指代 所充当的句子成分

when 时间 状语

where 地点 状语

why 原因 状语

关系副词=介词+which

语法略览

I work in a business _______ almost

everyone is waiting for a great chance.

A. how

B. which

C. where

D. that

语法略览

We are living in an age ______ many things

are done on computer.

A. which

B. that

C. whose

D. when

语法略览

I come from a school ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿is called

Beijing Language and Culture University.

I come from Beijing Language and Culture University

, ＿＿＿ is regarded as mini-United Nations.

焦点2：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

which / that

which

限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句

语法略览

TOEFL is a test for students ____ native

language is not English.

A. that

B. of whom

C. whose

D. which

语法略览

He studied hard in his youth, ____

contributed to his great success in later life.

A. that

B. it

C. what

D. which

语法略览

焦点3：定语从句的难点

1、当先行词指物时，许多情况下既可以用关系代词

which，也可以用关系代词that，但在下列情况中，只

能用关系代词that， 而不用which:

①当先行词是不定代词：all,much, little,

something, everything, anything 等时

②当先行词前面有：only, any, few, little, all, no 等时

语法略览

③当先行词是形容词最高级时或它的前面有形容词

最高级时：

This is the best book that I have ever read.

④当先行词是序数词或它的前面有序数词时：

What is the first American film that you have

seen?

语法略览

2、定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。

This article deals with the natural phenomenon

（现象） which_____ most interesting to

everyone.

A. are B. is C. they are D. it is

语法略览

1) as引导限制性定语从句:such…as, the same…

as…(与…一样）

We have found such materials as are used

in their factory.

My mother bought me the same pen as I

lost yesterday.

3. as引导的定语从句

语法略览

2) as引导非限制性定语从句

As is known to all, Edison invented the

electric lamp.

（位置可以放句首，别的定语从句不可以）

语法略览

_______ is mentioned above, the number of the

students in senior schools is increasing.

A. Which

B. As

C. That

D. It

语法略览

4、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，如：

语法略览

语法略览

Luckily, we’d brought a road map without

_______ we would have lost our way.

A．it

B．that

C．this

D．which

九、状语从句

语法略览

状语从句 九大类

时间状语从句 地点状语从句

原因状语从句

目的状语从句

条件状语从句 结果状语从句 让步状语从句

比较状语从句

方式状语从句

状语从句

语法略览

焦点1 时间状语从句与地点状语从句

1、时间状语从句

引导词when, as, while, before, after, since,

till (until), hardly…when(一…就…)等

语法略览

Ever since the Smiths moved to the suburbs

a year ago, they ____ better health.

A. could have enjoyed

B. had enjoyed

C. have been enjoying

D. are enjoying

语法略览

2、地点状语从句由where，wherever引导

Where there is a will, there is a way.

有志者， 事竟成。

语法略览

焦点2 原因状语从句 常用because, since 和as引导

Jean did not have time to go to the concert last

night because she was busy ___ for her

examination.

A. to prepare

B. to be prepared

C. preparing

D. being prepared

语法略览

焦点3 条件状语从句与方式状语从句

1 、条件状语从句 if 如果, unless 除非, as long

as 只要…就…

注意：条件状语从句的时态规律和 if 引导名词性从句的区别

例：I don’t know if he will take part in the party.

If he come, I will be very glad.

宾语从句

条件状语从句

语法略览

2、方式状语从句 as, as if 好像, as though 好像

语法略览

It looks as if it is going to rain.

焦点4 目的状语从句与结果状语从句

1 、目的状语从句 so that（为了）, in order that,

for fear that, in case等

2、 结果状语从句 so that（以至于）,

so( such)…that, 等

语法略览

That was so serious a matter that I had

no choice but ____ the police.

A.called in

B.calling in

C. call in

D. to call in

语法略览

焦点5 让步状语从句与比较状语从句

1、让步状语从句 though(虽然…但是), although

(虽然…但是), even if 即使, even though即使,

wh-ever, no matter+ 疑问词等

2、比较状语从句 as…as(和…一样), than, not so

… as, the more …the more(越来越…)等

语法略览

If we work with a strong will, we can overcome

any difficulty, _______ great it is.

A. what

B. how

C. however

D. whatever

语法略览

十、名词性从句

语法略览

名词性从句包括：

主语从句 宾语从句 名词性从句 表语从句 同位语从句

语法略览

She is a beautiful girl.

主语 谓语 表语

定语

She goes to school every day.

主语 谓语 宾语 时间状语

语法略览

I don’t know whether/ if he married.

Whether he married is a question to me.

The question to me is whether he married.

I have a question whether he married.

名

词

从

句

同位语从句

表语从句

宾语从句

主语从句

语法略览

1、主语从句

句子陈述确定的话，that 不能省略虽然无任何意义

表示是否时只能用 whether而不用if

在no matter__ 结构中只能用合成结构比如whoever．

从句里用陈述语气即主谓结构

语法略览

_____would be one’s meat might be

another’s poison.

A.It

B.That

C.What

D.Whether

语法略览

句子陈述确定的话，that 可以省略。

表示是否时可用 whether也可用if

2、宾语从句

语法略览

He asked me his story.

A. I liked

B. did you like

C. whether I like

D. if I liked

语法略览

句子陈述确定的话that不能省略虽然无任何意义

the reason 后面的表语从句只能用that引导

3. 表语从句

语法略览

The main reason architects are building more

and more skyscrapers is _____ the building

space is becoming increasingly limited.

A. because

B. when

C. that

D. where

语法略览

4、同位语从句

先行词是名词如idea, news, word, information,

doubt, fact, promise, chance, suggestion,

belief 等，注意和定语从句的区别

语法略览

_____ is no reason for dismissing him.

A. Because he was a few minutes

B. Owing to a few minutes being late

C. The fact that he was a few minutes late

D. Being a few minutes late

语法略览

目录页 CONTENTS PAGE

04 统计规律

01 考点聚焦

02 解题技巧

03 实战解析

It’s time we _______ the lecture because

everybody has arrived.

A. will start

B. shall start

C. start

D. started

词汇考点分析-虚拟语气

实战解析

He has smoked for so many years that

he can ______ give it up.

A. directly

B. mostly

C. exactly

D. hardly

实战解析

语法考点分析-副词

Hardly ever ____ get a good job these days

without a good education.

A. people might

B. people can

C. do people

D. have people

实战解析

语法考点分析-倒装

______ you've got a chance, you might as well

make full use of it.

A. Now that

B. After

C. Although

D. AS soon as

实战解析

语法考点分析-让步状语从句

The general manager sat there，_________to

the report from each department.

A) to listen

B) listen

C) being listened

D) listening

实战解析

语法考点分析-非谓语动词

Mr. Smith used to smoke _____ but he has

given it up recently.

A. immediately

B. roughly

C. heavily

D. completely

实战解析

词汇考点分析-易混淆词

How much does it _____ to take the online

training course?

A. cost

B. give

C. pay

D. spend

实战解析

词汇考点分析-同近义词

必考项目---词义辨析

Peter will ____ the job as Sales Manager when

John retires．

A) put away

B) take over

C) work out

D) make up

实战解析

I am sorry，but I have a question to ____ you．

A. treat

B. influence

C. ask

D. change

实战解析

词汇考点分析-固定搭配/短语

目录页 CONTENTS PAGE

04 统计规律

01 考点聚焦

02 解题技巧

03 实战解析

语法常见考点

重点考点：

• 虚拟语气

• 从句

• 时态和语态

• 一致性

• 非谓语动词

• 代词

• 形容词和副词

次重点考点：

• 情态动词

• 介词

• 倒装

• 疑问句

• 强调句

• 连词

• 独立结构

统计规律

从上面的例子，我们可以总结出下面的几条规律：

统计规律

注意积累和记忆，别无他法

不可单纯的机械记忆，理解是学好语法的关键

注重理解，认真对照，找出差异

举一反三，融会贯通