Cell Types and Cell

Structure

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

• no nucleus• no membrane enclosed organelles• single chromosome• no streaming in the cytoplasm• cell division without mitosis• simple flagella• smaller ribosomes• simple cytoskeleton• no cellulose in cell walls• no histone proteins

• nucleus• membrane enclosed organelle• chromosomes in pairs• streaming in the cytoplasm• cell division by mitosis• complex flagella• larger ribosomes• complex cytoskeleton• cellulose in cell walls• DNA bound to histone proteins

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

Examples:Bacteria

Examples: Plant cells Animal cells Fungi Protists

Plasma Membrane

Plasma membrane1. Surrounds Cells2. Protected by cellulose and protein cell wall in plants

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm1. Fluid (Cytosol) and organelles that make up the inside of the cell

Nucleus

Nucleus1. Membranous nuclear envelope2. Chromosomes of DNA and protein (Histones)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)1. Rough ER - Transport of proteins (roughness is the attached ribosomes)2. Smooth ER – Processing and transport of lipids

Ribosomes

Ribosomes1. Attached to Rough ER2. Site of protein synthesis

Golgi Apparatus

Golgi Apparatus (Golgi body, Golgi complex)1. Assembly and editing of proteins

Lysosomes

Lysosomes 1. Contain enzymes that break down and help recycle large proteins in animal cells

Mitochondria

Mitochondria1. Powerhouse ‑ site of ATP synthesis

Flagella and Cilia

Flagella and Cilia 1. Cell surface projections for

movement

Microtubules and

Microfilaments

Microtubules and Microfilaments 1. Structural components of the cell

(cytoskeleton) in eukaryotes

Vacuoles

Vacuoles 1. Large central vacuoles in plant cells

contain enzymes and pigments in plant cells

Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts 1. Photosynthetic organelles in plant cells,

containing the chlorophyll pigments

Comparison:Plant cells Animal

cells

Large, central vacuole

Chloroplasts Rigid cell wall outside

of cell membrane

No large, central vacuole

No chloroplasts No rigid cell wall