cementaciones vgva vf jun 2010
DESCRIPTION
manual de cementación para ingenieros petrolerosTRANSCRIPT
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Unidad de Perforación y Mantenimiento de PozosInstituto Politécnico Nacional
Instructor
Dr. Victor G. Vallejo ArrietaJunio 2010
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FinFin
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TemperaturaTipo Rango de Uso
Temperatura Estática
°CObservaciones
Clase A (portland)
1830 m 77º
Puede usarse cuando no se necesitanpropiedades especiales y las condicionesdel pozo lo permitan No presentan(portland) del pozo lo permitan. No presentanresistencia a los sulfatos.
Clase B (portland)
1830 m 77º Moderada resistencia de sulfatos.
Clase C 1830 m 77ºAlta resistencia a la compresión temprana.Disponible en tipos de mediana y altap p yresistencia a los sulfatos.
Clase D 1830 - 3050 m 110º Presión moderada, moderada y altaresistencia a los sulfatos.
Clase E 1830 - 4270 m 143º Alta presión, moderada y alta resistencia alos sulfatos.
Clase F 3050 - 4880 m 160º Alta presión, moderada y alta resistencia alos sulfatos.
Clase G 2240 m Amplio Cemento básico, compatible conaceleradores o retardadores.
Clase H 2240 A li Cemento básico, compatible conClase H 2240 m Amplio , paceleradores o retardadores.
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+ CementoAgua
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=+ CementoAgua
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Cople de cementación
1
Una sola etapa
2
Liner y complemento
3
Cople de cementación múltiple
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VolB = 0.5067 x 10 ‐4*(D2
AG – D2ETR)*150
VolB = 1.5589*QEA
d Q l i d fl j l i lDonde QEA es el ritmo de flujo en el espacio anular.
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Volumen del espacio anular
l
HDeDiVol TRTREA
*)(*
*)(*5067.01
22
2"8/97
2"8/133
135 m30”
ltVol
Vol
EA
EA
61904
2224*)875.9347.12(*5067.0
1
1
22
Vol
HDeDVol
EA
TRAGEA
1920*)875.925.12(*5067.0
*)(*5067.0
2
2
22
2"8/97
2
920 m20”
ltVol EA 511212
2
ltVolVol
VolVolVol
EA
EA
EAEAEA
1130255112161904
21
2224 m13 3/8”BVolBVol
1EAVol
Volumen entre cople y zapata
Vol
HDiVol TRZC
36*)6258(*50670
*)(*5067.02
2/
ltVol EA 1130252224 m 13 3/8DVol
2EAVol
ltVolVol
ZC
ZC
135736)625.8(5067.0
/
/
Volumen total de cemento
VolVolVol CAC /
Cople de retención4108 m
ZCVol /
ltVolVol
VolVolVol
C
C
ZCEAC
1143821357113025
/
9 7/8” 4144 m
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Cantidad de sacos de cemento
114382
sacos = CVolRendimiento por saco
135 m30”
Ag a req erida para la me cla
301038
114382sacos =
sacos =920 m20”
V l Agua requerida para la mezcla
2224 m 13 3/8”Vol
BVolBVol
1EAVol
lt16254054*3010Agua =
Agua = sacos * requerimiento por saco
Agua =
Cálculo del volumen para el desplazamiento
Vol
hHDiVol
D
TRD
4108*)6258(*50670
)(**5067.02
"8/972
DVol
2EAVol
ltVolVol
D
D
1548464108)625.8(5067.0
Cálculo de baches lavador y espaciador
LDeDVol BTRAGB *)(*5067.0 "8/9722
Cople de retención4108 m
ZCVol /
ltVolVol
B
B
BTRAGB
3994150*)875.925.12(*5067.0
)(22
"8/97
9 7/8” 4144 m
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Presión hidrostática en el espacio anular
PhP EAA
4221*4108*851422.1**
psiPP
A
A
10807422.1*4108*85.1
Presión hidrostática en el interior de TR 9 5/8”
psiPP
hP
TR
TR
TRTR
11099422.1*4108*90.1
422.1**
Presión diferencial
PPPP
S
TRAS
1080711099
psiPS 292
Máxima presión diferencial
HDP fluidoC )(*)(*422.1max
psiPP
292)4108(*)85.190.1(*422.1
max
max
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Presión hidrostática en el espacio anular
psiPP
hP
A
A
EAA
11099422.1*4108*90.1
422.1**
Presión hidrostática en el interior de TR 9 5/8”
PhP TRTR
4221*4108*851422.1**
psiPP
TR
TR
10807422.1*4108*85.1
Presión diferencial
psiPP
PPP
S
S
TRAS
2921109910807
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Downhole Pressure ProfilesMinimum Hydrostatic Pressure and Maximum ECD vs. TVD (Ref = RKB)
2400
Pore Pressure Gradient Fracture GradientMinimum Hydrostatic Gradient Maximum ECD
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
TVD
(m)
Previous Casing Shoe
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
ECD (SG)
3100
3200
3300
3400
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Downhole Pressure ProfilesMinimum Hydrostatic Pressure and Maximum ECD vs. TVD (Ref = RKB)
2400
2500
Pore Pressure Gradient Fracture GradientMinimum Hydrostatic Gradient Maximum ECD
Previous Casing Shoe
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
TVD
(m)
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
ECD (SG)
3200
3300
3400
Downhole Pressure ProfilesMinimum Hydrostatic Pressure and Maximum ECD vs. TVD (Ref = RKB)
2400
Pore Pressure Gradient Fracture GradientMinimum Hydrostatic Gradient Maximum ECD
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
TVD
Previous Casing Shoe
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
ECD (SG)
3100
3200
3300
3400
D(m
)
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OptiCemCirculating Pressure and Density at Fracture Zone
Downhole Annular Pressure and EC D vs. Liquid Volum eA BC irculating Pressure Hydrostatic PressureA A
4800
5000
5200
1 35
1.40
1.45
C irculating Pressure Hydrostatic PressureA A
Fractu re Pressure/EC D at 2500 m TVD (R ef = R KB)
C íd ió é C l d L
4400
4600
4800
1.25
1.30
1.35
ECD
Caída Presión a través Colgador LR
400
500
600
n, psi
0 100 200 300 400 500 6004000
4200
1.15
1.20
D (SG
)
R eservoir Pressure/EC D at 2500 m TVD (R ef = R KB) 543
100
200
300
400
Caida Presión
Halliburton
Baker0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Volume In (bbl)0
150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Gasto, gpm
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LWD APWDLWD APWDLWD-APWDLWD-APWD
OptiCemDownhole Pressure Profiles
Minimum Hydrostatic Pressure and Maximum ECD vs. TVD (Ref = RKB)
2400
Pore Pressure Gradient Fracture GradientMinimum Hydrostatic Gradient Maximum ECD
OptiCemDownhole Pressure Profiles
Minimum Hydrostatic Pressure and Maximum ECD vs. TVD (Ref = RKB)
2400
Pore Pressure Gradient Fracture GradientMinimum Hydrostatic Gradient Maximum ECD
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
TVD
(m)
Previous Casing Shoe 2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
TVD
Previous Casing Shoe
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
ECD (SG)
3100
3200
3300
3400 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
ECD (SG)
3100
3200
3300
3400
D(m
)
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G R A D IE N T E D E T E M P E R A T U R A P A R A L A K A C H 2 D L
0
5 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0
T e m p e ra tu ra , °C
Prof
undi
dad,
mvb
mr
1 5 0 0
2 0 0 0
2 5 0 0
3 0 0 0
L a k a c h 1 S IO P
L a k a c h 1 C a lc u la d o
3 5 0 0
4 0 0 0
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Cementación de TR no mayor de 200 cm3
Tubería corta (Liners) no mayor de 50 cm3be a co a ( e ) o ayo de 50 c
Cementación forzada 30 a 50 cm3
Nota: La pérdida de agua se mide en cm3 en 30 minutos bajo una presión diferencial de 1000 PSI
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• Lignosulfonato de sodio
• Lignosulfonato de calcio
• Ácidos orgánicos (ácidos hidroxicarboxílicos)
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• Na2SiO3 (Metasilicato de sodio)
• SiO2 (Sílica amorfa)S O2 (S ca amor a)
• Gilsonita (asfaltenos)
P l• Puzolanas
• Microesferas huecas de vidrio
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Propiedades físicas de los agentes densificantes
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• Derivados de la celulosa:
• Hidroxietilcelulosa (HEC)
• Carboximetilhidroxietilcelulosa (CMHEC)
• Polímeros sintéticos• Polímeros sintéticos
• Polivinilpirrolidona (PVP)
• Poli(etilenimina)
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• Polímeros de sulfoalquilamidas
• Polímeros de sulfoarilamidas
• Polímeros de acrilamidas
• Sulfonato de polinaftaleno (PNS)• Sulfonato de polinaftaleno (PNS)
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Información del pozo
Sistema propuestoSistema propuesto
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Programa operativo
Cédula de bombeo
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Espacio anular mín: 3/4‐in.Ideal: 1 1/2‐in.
Condiciones buenas de pozo y lodo
Diámetro de pozoen calibre.
Pozo uniforme (en lo posible)( sin cavernas or restricciones)
SIN APORTESSIN PERDIDAS
T. R. centrada en el pozo
Enjarre delgado, impermeable y consolidado.
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TT
3’R
5’R
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Tx
CasingAgua o lodo
SiSi x
Rx
Cemento
Sin Sin adherenciaadherencia
Casing
Ce e o
TxBuenaBuenadh idh i
Rx
adherenciaadherencia
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Disparo del tramisor
T. R. Formación Lodo
ud (m
v)Amplit
time usec
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VDLVDL
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h i ú i dLas herramientas acústicas responden a impedancia acústica (Dureza acústica) Z
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Z = densidad x velocidad acústicaZ = densidad x velocidad acústicaZ es expresada en MRayl (106 kg.m‐2.s‐1)
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Impedancia acústicaMaterial Impedancia acústica (PA s/m)
Agua dulce 1.50
Gas libre 0.10Gas libre 0.10
Acero(TR) 46.0
Lodo 1.43 gr/cc 2.16
Lodo 1 79 gr/cc 2 70Lodo 1.79 gr/cc 2.70
Lodo 2.03 gr/cc 3.06
Cemento G 1.08 gr/cc espumado 500 psi 2.19
Cemento G 1 08 gr/cc 1000 psi 2 69Cemento G 1.08 gr/cc 1000 psi 2.69
Cemento 1.56 gr/cc 500 psi 3.37
Cemento 1.56 gr/cc 2000 psi 4.42
Cemento 1 98 gr/cc 500 psi 4 38Cemento 1.98 gr/cc 500 psi 4.38
Cemento 1.98 gr/cc 2000 psi 5.62
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Caída Presión a través Colgador LRg
400
500
600
sión
, psi
0
100
200
300
Caida Pre
Halliburton
Baker
150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Gasto, gpm
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