67

はじめに

2014

26 11 11 24

OECD ILO

2

1 OECD 2

2

ILO World Social Security

Report

Ⅰ　OECD SOCX 2014 editionにみる　　諸外国の動向

1 5

OECD

2

2011

1

GDP 23.65 2011

2009 24.91%

22.58

5

OECD SOCX 2014edition

2004 5

2 2008

GDP

2008 GDP

2009

GDP

GDP

OECD SOCX 1980

2

1980

GDP

2 GDP

動　向

社会保障費用統計の国際比較−OECD SOCX 2014 ed.とILO World Social Security Report −

国立社会保障・人口問題研究所　社会保障費用統計プロジェクト

68

Winter 2014 No. 189

OECD Social Expenditure Database 2014 ed. http://www.oecd.org/els/social/expenditure

26 OECD National Accounts 2014

図1　政策分野別社会支出の対GDP比の国際比較（2011年度）

69

社会支出の対ＧＤＰ比

OECD SOCX2014

図2　社会支出の対GDP比の推移

OECD SOCX2014

図3　政策分野別社会支出の構成割合の国際比較（2011年度）

70

Winter 2014 No. 189

3

39.9

46.5

8 2

OECD SOCX Old Age

2014 1

OECD 1990

1 2

2009

表1　フランス：対前年度増加に対する寄与率（％）

2008 2009 2010 20111. 62.5 33.1 42.6 76.22. 4.2 1.8 5.0 6.03. 4.9 1.2 3.7 4.04. 27.0 21.9 17.9 28.75. 5.6 6.2 1.2 6.16. -7.4 7.5 16.8 -25.07. -2.1 18.3 8.7 -3.98. 5.6 1.3 1.0 4.19. -0.2 8.7 3.2 3.9

OECD SOCX2014 ed

表2　スウェーデン：対前年度増加に対する寄与率（％）

2008 2009 2010 20111. 60.5 46.7 28.5 38.92. -0.1 0.4 -5.3 -3.93. 0.8 -6.4 -31.4 -12.64. 43.8 22.3 21.6 52.95. 27.0 8.6 31.2 29.06. -14.6 4.8 58.5 19.07. -22.7 18.5 -17.0 -25.48. -0.2 0.1 3.5 1.59. 5.5 5.1 10.5 0.7

OECD SOCX2014 ed

3 4 2011

GDP

OECD

71

3　対GDP比で「高齢」の大きい国

2011 201113.4 8.412.5 8.312.3 7.111.9 6.511.3 6.410.5 6.210.4 6.210.2 6.0

9.4 6.09.2 5.89.0 4.88.8 2.68.6 2.18.4 1.6

OECD SOCX2014 ed

表4　対GDP比で「保健」の大きい国

2011 201111.8 6.58.6 6.38.2 6.28.0 5.98.0 5.78.0 5.77.8 5.67.7 5.67.0 5.66.7 4.96.7 4.56.6 4.26.6 4.06.6 2.9

OECD SOCX2014 ed

OECD 3

3

2

p.49

24

1980

2012 2

24

5

OECD

5 4 5 6

GDP 10.2

2013

2

2013

2020

12.9%

2040 22.6 2009

72

Winter 2014 No. 189

表5　各国の政策分野別社会支出の対GDP比（2011年）（％）

+ 31.4 27.6 26.8 23.7 23.6 19.3 10.21. 12.5 9.4 8.6 6.8 11.0 6.0 3.02. 1.8 0.4 2.0 0.1 1.4 0.7 0.33. 1.5 4.7 3.2 2.6 1.0 1.6 0.64. 8.6 6.7 8.0 7.7 7.7 8.1 4.15. 2.9 3.6 2.2 4.0 1.3 0.7 1.06. 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.37. 1.6 0.4 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.38. 0.8 0.4 0.6 1.5 0.1 0.3 a9. 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.9 0.6

31.0 27.2 25.5 22.7 23.0 19.0 9.01. 12.5 9.4 8.6 6.0 10.4 6.0 2.12. 1.7 0.4 2.0 0.1 1.4 0.7 0.33. 1.4 4.3 2.0 2.5 1.0 1.4 0.54. 8.6 6.7 8.0 7.7 7.7 8.0 4.05. 2.9 3.6 2.2 4.0 1.3 0.7 0.96. 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.37. 1.6 0.4 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.38. 0.8 0.4 0.6 1.5 0.1 0.3 a9. 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.6

0.3 0.4 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.3 1.21. 0.1 a a 0.7 0.6 a 0.92. 0.1 a a a a a a3. 0.2 0.4 1.2 0.1 a 0.2 0.14. a a a a a 0.2 0.15. a a 0.1 a a a a6. a a a a a a a7. a a a 0.1 a a a8. a a a a a a a9. a a a a a a a

OECD Stat 2014 11 SOCXa

OECD SOCX2014 ed

2 2011

2013

9.8

2012 3

2060

10

73

OECD SOCX2014 ed

図5　公的支出の対GDP比（2011年）（％）

OECD SOCX2014 ed

図4　公的支出+義務的私的支出合計の対GDP比（2011年）（％）

74

Winter 2014 No. 189

OECD SOCX2014 ed

図6　義務的私的支出の対GDP比（2011年）（％）

Ⅱ　ILO World Social Protection Report 　　にみる世界の動向

2

ILO

ILO World Social Security

Report 2010/2011

2014 ILO 3

2014 ILO

a

b

c

d

　1．社会的保護政策に関する近年のILOの動向

ILO 2000

national

floors of social protection

2012 6

14 ILO ILO 202

Recommendation concerning National Floors of

Social Protection

20

2014 ILO ILO 202

75

　2．2014年ILO報告

　（1）　社会的保護政策の重要性

2014 ILO

27

73

2014 ILO

　（2）　子どもと家族に対する社会的保護

2014 ILO

108

75

GDP 0.4%

2.2%

0.2

2007 2012 EU 28 19

2014 ILO

　（3）　生産年齢4 にある者に対する社会的保護

2014 ILO

GDP 2.3%

0.5% 5.9%

28%

80%

38% 21%

17% 8%

12% 64

7%

5%

3%

33.9%

39.4%

76

Winter 2014 No. 189

87

40%

48%

　（4）　高齢者に対する所得保障

2014 ILO

48

42

　（5）　医療保障

39

90%

40%

88

2000

　（6）　社会的保護の拡大を目指して

2014 ILO

2015

77

　3．2014年ILO報告の意義

ILO

ILO

OECD EUROSTAT

IMF ILO 2000

SSI

2 OECD

ILO

SSI

2014

ILO

6 SSI

ILO CSS

OECD SOCX EUROSTAT

ESSPROS

ADB

おわりに

2 OECD

ILO

2014 ILO

2014 10 OECD

OECD

2014 5 ADB ILO

78

Winter 2014 No. 189

Major area, region or country Total social protection expenditure total

Public health care expenditure

% of GDP

Public social protection expenditure for older persons % of GDP

Public social protection expenditure for persons of active age % of GDP

Public social protection expenditure for children

% of GDP

Social benefits for persons of active age

excluding general social assistance

Unemployment Labour market programme

Sickness, maternity, employment injury, disability

General social assistance% of GDP

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Regional average weighted by total populationAfrica 4.3 2.6 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.2North Africa 10.0 3.2 5.0 1.1 0.3 0.4Sub-saharan Africa 4.3 2.6 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.1Asia and the Pacific 4.6 1.5 2.0 0.4 0.4 0.2Western Europe 27.1 7.9 11.1 5.0 0.9 2.2Central and Eastern Europe 17.8 4.4 8.3 3.0 1.3 0.8Latin America and the Caribbean 13.9 4.0 4.6 2.0 2.6 0.7North America 17.0 8.5 6.6 2.8 1.1 0.7Middle East 11.0 2.0 3.3 1.5 3.4 0.8World 8.8 2.8 3.3 1.5 0.7 0.4

AsiaBangladesh 2.69 2011 1.11 3 2011 0.71 3 2011 0.46 3 2011 n.a. 13 2011 0.45 3 2011 0.02 3 2011 0.32 3 2011 0.09 3 2010Bhutan 4.77 2010 2.97 3 2010 0.68 3 2010 0.03 3 2011 n.a. 13 2010 0.03 3 2010 0.00 3 2010 1.09 3 2010Brunei Darussalam 2.95 2009 2.04 14 2009Cambodia 1.79 2011 1.26 3 2011 0.15 3 2011 0.10 3 2011 n.a. 13 2011 0.10 3 2011 0.00 3 2011 0.18 3 2011 0.10 3 2011China 6.83 2010 1.27 10 2010 2.89 3 2009 1.90 3 2009 0.14 1 2009 0.20 3 2009 1.55 3 2009 0.54 3 2009 0.22 3 2009Hong Kong China , Special Administrative Region 4.58 2011 2.34 3 2011 1.60 5 2011 0.60 1 2011 n.a. 13 2010 0.60 1 2010 0.03 1 2010 0.07 1 2010

India 2.56 2010 1.06 4 2010 0.75 3 2010 0.60 3 2010 3 2009 0.50 3 2010 0.10 3 2010 0.10 3 2010 0.06 3 2010Indonesia 2.63 2010 1.03 4 2010 0.45 3 2010 0.09 3 2010 n.a. 13 2010 0.07 3 2010 0.03 3 2010 0.38 3 2010 0.68 3 2010Japan 22.40 2009 7.15 8 2009 11.83 8 2009 2.26 8 2009 0.71 8 2009 0.43 8 2009 1.13 8 2009 0.37 8 2009 0.79 8 2009Korea, Republic of 9.19 2010 4.12 8 2010 2.36 8 2010 1.24 8 2010 0.31 8 2010 0.38 8 2010 0.54 8 2010 0.68 8 2010 0.78 8 2010Lao People's Democratic Republic 1.74 2005 1.22 4 2010 0.10 3 2010 0.06 3 2010 n.a. 13 2010 0.06 3 2010 0.34 3 2010 0.02 3 2010Malaysia 2.99 2012 1.99 3 2012 0.89 3 2012 0.07 3 2012 n.a. 13 2012 0.00 3 2012 0.07 3 2012 0.03 3 2012 0.02 3 2012Myanmar 0.96 2004 0.26 10 2011 0.60 5 2011 0.06 1 2011 n.a. 13 2011 0.06 1 2011 0.04 1 2011 0.00 2 2011Pakistan 1.68 2010 0.38 2 2010 1.01 3 2010 0.03 3 2010 n.a. 13 2010 0.03 3 2010 0.00 3 2010 0.25 3 2010 0.01 3 2010Philippines 1.55 2012 0.56 3 2012 0.58 3 2012 0.27 3 2012 n.a. 13 2012 0.02 3 2012 0.25 3 2012 0.01 3 2012 0.14 3 2012Singapore 2.83 2011 1.20 10 2011 0.70 1 2011 0.91 1 2011 n.a. 13 2011 0.02 1 2011 0.89 1 2011 0.01 1 2011 0.01 1 2011Sri Lanka 3.14 2011 1.26 10 2011 1.68 3 2011 0.04 3 2011 n.a. 13 2011 0.02 3 2011 0.01 3 2011 0.02 3 2011 0.15 3 2011Taiwan 10.54 2009 3.75 2 2009 4.74 2 2009 1.09 2 2009 0.29 1 2009 0.19 2 2009 0.61 2 2009 0.53 2 2009 0.43 2 2009Thailand 7.24 2011 2.27 10 2011 4.20 3 2011 0.31 3 2011 0.11 3 2011 0.00 3 2011 0.20 3 2011 0.01 3 2011 0.45 3 2011Viet Nam 6.28 2010 2.54 4 2010 3.13 3 2010 0.51 3 2010 0.02 3 2010 0.16 3 2010 0.33 3 2010 0.09 3 2010 0.02 3 2010

表6　Public social protection expenditure by guarantee, latest available year （percentage of GDP）ILO 2014 pp.306-315

Notes Not available.

n.a. Not applicable.

Sources1 ILO International Labour Office : ILO Social Security Inquiry. Available at: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/ilossi/ssimain.home [6 Jun. 2014].2 National source: Ministry of Finance.3 ADB Asian Development Bank : ADB Social Protection Index database. Available at: http://spi.adb.org/spidmz/index.jsp [6 Jun. 2014].4 WHO World Health Organization : National Health Accounts Global Health Expenditure database . Available at: http://

apps.who.int/nha/database [6 Jun. 2014].5 World Bank pensions data. Available at: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTSOCIALPROTECTION/

EXTPENSIONS/0,,contentMDK:23231994~menuPK:8874064~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:396253,00.html [20 Apr. 2014].6 UNICEF country report.7 HelpAge International: HelpAge's social pensions database. Available at: http://www.pension-watch.net/about-social-pensions/

about-social-pensions/social-pensions-database/ [6 Jun. 2014].

79

Major area, region or country Total social protection expenditure total

Public health care expenditure

% of GDP

Public social protection expenditure for older persons % of GDP

Public social protection expenditure for persons of active age % of GDP

Public social protection expenditure for children

% of GDP

Social benefits for persons of active age

excluding general social assistance

Unemployment Labour market programme

Sickness, maternity, employment injury, disability

General social assistance% of GDP

Latest availableyear

Lat

est a

vaila

ble

yea

r

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Regional average weighted by total populationAfrica 4.3 2.6 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.2North Africa 10.0 3.2 5.0 1.1 0.3 0.4Sub-saharan Africa 4.3 2.6 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.1Asia and the Pacific 4.6 1.5 2.0 0.4 0.4 0.2Western Europe 27.1 7.9 11.1 5.0 0.9 2.2Central and Eastern Europe 17.8 4.4 8.3 3.0 1.3 0.8Latin America and the Caribbean 13.9 4.0 4.6 2.0 2.6 0.7North America 17.0 8.5 6.6 2.8 1.1 0.7Middle East 11.0 2.0 3.3 1.5 3.4 0.8World 8.8 2.8 3.3 1.5 0.7 0.4

AsiaBangladesh 2.69 2011 1.11 3 2011 0.71 3 2011 0.46 3 2011 n.a. 13 2011 0.45 3 2011 0.02 3 2011 0.32 3 2011 0.09 3 2010Bhutan 4.77 2010 2.97 3 2010 0.68 3 2010 0.03 3 2011 n.a. 13 2010 0.03 3 2010 0.00 3 2010 1.09 3 2010Brunei Darussalam 2.95 2009 2.04 14 2009Cambodia 1.79 2011 1.26 3 2011 0.15 3 2011 0.10 3 2011 n.a. 13 2011 0.10 3 2011 0.00 3 2011 0.18 3 2011 0.10 3 2011China 6.83 2010 1.27 10 2010 2.89 3 2009 1.90 3 2009 0.14 1 2009 0.20 3 2009 1.55 3 2009 0.54 3 2009 0.22 3 2009Hong Kong China , Special Administrative Region 4.58 2011 2.34 3 2011 1.60 5 2011 0.60 1 2011 n.a. 13 2010 0.60 1 2010 0.03 1 2010 0.07 1 2010

India 2.56 2010 1.06 4 2010 0.75 3 2010 0.60 3 2010 3 2009 0.50 3 2010 0.10 3 2010 0.10 3 2010 0.06 3 2010Indonesia 2.63 2010 1.03 4 2010 0.45 3 2010 0.09 3 2010 n.a. 13 2010 0.07 3 2010 0.03 3 2010 0.38 3 2010 0.68 3 2010Japan 22.40 2009 7.15 8 2009 11.83 8 2009 2.26 8 2009 0.71 8 2009 0.43 8 2009 1.13 8 2009 0.37 8 2009 0.79 8 2009Korea, Republic of 9.19 2010 4.12 8 2010 2.36 8 2010 1.24 8 2010 0.31 8 2010 0.38 8 2010 0.54 8 2010 0.68 8 2010 0.78 8 2010Lao People's Democratic Republic 1.74 2005 1.22 4 2010 0.10 3 2010 0.06 3 2010 n.a. 13 2010 0.06 3 2010 0.34 3 2010 0.02 3 2010Malaysia 2.99 2012 1.99 3 2012 0.89 3 2012 0.07 3 2012 n.a. 13 2012 0.00 3 2012 0.07 3 2012 0.03 3 2012 0.02 3 2012Myanmar 0.96 2004 0.26 10 2011 0.60 5 2011 0.06 1 2011 n.a. 13 2011 0.06 1 2011 0.04 1 2011 0.00 2 2011Pakistan 1.68 2010 0.38 2 2010 1.01 3 2010 0.03 3 2010 n.a. 13 2010 0.03 3 2010 0.00 3 2010 0.25 3 2010 0.01 3 2010Philippines 1.55 2012 0.56 3 2012 0.58 3 2012 0.27 3 2012 n.a. 13 2012 0.02 3 2012 0.25 3 2012 0.01 3 2012 0.14 3 2012Singapore 2.83 2011 1.20 10 2011 0.70 1 2011 0.91 1 2011 n.a. 13 2011 0.02 1 2011 0.89 1 2011 0.01 1 2011 0.01 1 2011Sri Lanka 3.14 2011 1.26 10 2011 1.68 3 2011 0.04 3 2011 n.a. 13 2011 0.02 3 2011 0.01 3 2011 0.02 3 2011 0.15 3 2011Taiwan 10.54 2009 3.75 2 2009 4.74 2 2009 1.09 2 2009 0.29 1 2009 0.19 2 2009 0.61 2 2009 0.53 2 2009 0.43 2 2009Thailand 7.24 2011 2.27 10 2011 4.20 3 2011 0.31 3 2011 0.11 3 2011 0.00 3 2011 0.20 3 2011 0.01 3 2011 0.45 3 2011Viet Nam 6.28 2010 2.54 4 2010 3.13 3 2010 0.51 3 2010 0.02 3 2010 0.16 3 2010 0.33 3 2010 0.09 3 2010 0.02 3 2010

8 OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development . OECD Social and welfare statistics: Social Expenditure Database SOCX Paris, 2013 . Available at: http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?datasetcode=SOCX_AGG [6 Jun. 2014].

9 European Commission, Eurostat, Living conditions and welfare: Social Protection Database ESSPROS Luxembourg, 2013 . Available at: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/living_conditions_and_social_protection/data/database [6 Jun. 2014]

10 IMF International Monetary Fund : Government Finance Statistics, March 2014. Washington, DC, 2014 .11 Overseas Development Institute ODI .12 UN ECLAC United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean : Statistics and indicators, social

public expenditure Santiago de Chile, 2014 . Available at: http://www.cepal.org/default.asp?idioma=IN [6 Jun. 2014].13 SSA Social Security Administration of the United States ; ISSA International Social Security Association . Social security

programs throughout the world Washington, DC and Geneva : The Americas, 2013; Europe, 2012; Asia and the Pacific, 2012; Africa, 2013. Available at: http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/ [6 June 2014].

14 GSW Government Spending Watch . Available at: http://www.governmentspendingwatch.org/spending-data [20 May 2014].

80

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注1 2014 p.187.

2 KIHASA 2014

3 ILO 2014a

4 15 64

5 OECD 2014

参考文献ILO 2010 World Social Security Report 2010/2011

ILO 2014a World Social Protection Report 2014/2015

ILO 2014b Executive summary of the World Social Protection

Report 2014/15 http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/

public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/publication/

wcms_245131.pdf 2014 11 19

Korea Institute for Health and social Affairs, KIHASA

2014 Long-term Projection of Social Expenditure

in Korea

OECD 2014 Society at a Glance: Asia/Pacific 2014

http://www.oecd.org/els/society-at-a-glance-asia-

pacific-24089168.htm 2014 11 18

2014 10

2014

2012 100 ILO

No.643,pp.6-24 http://oohara.mt.tama.hosei.ac.jp/

oz/643/643-03.pdf

ILO 2010 Social Protection

Floor ILO

2010 11 30 102 http://www.ilo.

org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---ilo-

tokyo/documents/article/wcms_247186.pdf

本文中の略語一覧：CSS Cost of Social Security

ESSPROS European System of Integrated Social Protection

Statistics

EUROSTAT Statistical Office of the European Union

ILO International Labour Organization

IMF International Monetary Fund

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and

Development

SNA System of National Accounts

SOCX Social Expenditure

SSI Social Security Inquiry

3