文｜陳先文、周豐成

Article｜ Chen Xian-wen、Zhou Feng-cheng

摘要

本文介紹歐美國家近幾年來積極研發與應用之自

主式水下滑翔機，其具有低操作成本、高資料採樣頻

率與時空解析度之特性，不僅可運用於海洋科學研究

探測，更能有效執行長期監測海洋環境參數之任務。

本文主要探討美國華盛頓大學所研發之水下滑翔機

(Seaglider)，並介紹此類設備在海洋環境監測之相關

應用，期能對我國海洋環境保護與海洋資源保育有所

助益。

Summary

In this text, the autonomous underwater glider (AUG)

which is researched and utilized positively in the western

world shall be introduced, which is featured with low cost of

operation, high frequency of data mining and high spatial and

temporal resolution, and can be use for both marine scientific

research and exploration but also the long-term task to monitor

marine environmental parameters. The sea glider researched

and developed by University of Washington shall mainly be

discussed in the text, and also some relative applications with

marine environment monitoring of this kind of equipments

shall be introduced, with the expectation that will be helpful

for the protection of national marine environment and marine

resources.

海洋環境監測新趨勢─水下滑翔機之介紹與應用

New Trend for Environmental Monitoring -Introduction and Application of Autonomous Underwater Glider

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壹、前言

民國90年1月希臘籍貨輪阿瑪斯號擱淺於墾丁龍坑

生態保護區之漏油事件，我國向該貨輪之船東求償新

台幣3億5,000萬元，但是經由挪威法院最後的判決，

船東只需賠償我國953萬元，我國卻還須負擔訴訟費用

1,600萬元，令人氣結。會有如此判決結果的最主要原

因即在於，我們所提出的珊瑚損害、漁業衝擊和觀光

收入等求償部分，都被法院認定為「無直接證據」。

反觀民國66年2月科威特油輪布拉格號在基隆與野柳間

之新瀨海域觸礁沉沒，造成1萬5千餘公噸原油洩漏，

污染了整個北部海域，但因當時我國擁有該海域在遭

受污染前豐富的海洋生態環境資料，配合事後蒐集之

油污破壞生態以及生物資源損害資料，使索賠官司勝

訴，獲得保險公司巨額賠償。因此，長期監測海洋環

境以建立海洋環境背景資料庫是維繫海洋環境品質最

重要之工作。

依據海洋污染防治法第5條第一項規定：「依本

法執行取締、蒐證、移送等事項，由海岸巡防機關辦

理。」依其法規權責區分，環保署是該法之主管機

關，海巡署則為法定執行機關。然而，欲斷定某海

域之生態環境與資源是否遭受破壞，首要之務便是掌

握各海洋環境參數在時間與空間上之變化，欲達此目

的，便需利用海洋探測儀器長期監測海洋環境之變

異。傳統之海洋環境監測工作，主要利用海洋研究船

在海上航行，進行空間之取樣量測；或者在選定之位

置佈放錨碇設備，蒐集各式參數隨時間之變化。然

而，隨著近年來石油價格不斷上漲，以研究船進行海

上探測需耗費大量的人力與燃料經費，尤其一些擁有

遼闊海域之國家例如美國、加拿大與澳洲等，便積極

研發能取代傳統海洋監測之技術與儀器，其中，自主

式水下滑翔機(Autonomous Underwater Glider, AUG)

擁有許多其他儀器所難以匹敵的優點，已成為多國執

行海洋環境監測任務的最佳工具。

Part I. Preface

Jan 2001, a Greek cargo vessel "ARMUS" took the ground at

the ecological protective areas of Kending Longken resulted in oil

spilling. Taiwan claimed Taiwan New Dollar 350,000,000 against

the vessel owner. And this case was handled by Norway Court, and

its court decision was that the owner shall pay TWD 9,530,000 to

Taiwan, and Taiwan shall pay TWD 16,000,000 as legal costs. This

is provoking decision, which came out of the reason that the court

said there was no direct proof for our claim parts, such as coral

damage, fishing impact, tourism revenues, and etc. Otherwise,

in Feb. Republic year 66, a Kuwait oil tanker went onto the rocks

and sank, resulted in the whole northern sea area polluted by

over 15,000 tons of crude oil. Taiwan had lots of marine ecology

environment materials about this sea area and the materials about

the ecology environment destroyed and ecological resources

damaged by the spilled crude oil which was collected after the

pollution, so that Taiwan succeeded in the claim case, and obtained

an enormous indemnification from insurance company. Therefore,

long-term marine environment monitoring to build up marine

environmental data base is an important task for us to maintenance

the quality of marine environment.

According to the item 1 of article 5 of Law on the Prevention

and Control of Marine Pollution: "According to this law, Coast

Guard Agency shall handle the issues, such as banning,

evidence collection, deportation and etc.", Environment

Protection Administration is the authorized institution of this

law, and Coast Guard Administration the executive institution.

Otherwise, it is the first task to know the changes of the marine

environmental parameters at different time and domain for us

to make sure if a certain sea area is polluted or not. Surely,

marine exploration equipments can take and achieve this task.

Traditional marine environment monitoring can be carried out

by marine research vessels to collect spatially samples or by

the anchor equipments positioned at the scheduled locations

to collect various parameters changing at different moments.

With the price of oil going up, the operation expense increases,

including labor fee and fuel fee. Especially for some countries

with territorial waters, such as USA, Canada, Australia, etc.

were actively developed some techniques and instruments

to take the place of traditional equipments to monitor marine

environment. Amid one is the Autonomous underwater

Glider, AUG, which possessed a lot of advantage the other

instruments can hardly to compete and now become the best

appliance used by most countries for marine environment

monitoring mission.

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貳、自主式水下滑翔機之介紹

美國海洋科學家Henry Stommel 早於1989年就已

描繪出未來海洋觀測的遠景(Stommel, 1989)，即是利

用中性浮筒(neutrally-buoyant floats)搭載測量海洋參數

之探針，透過調整載重與浮力之方式，讓該浮筒由海

面滑翔至水中某深度，再上升至海洋表面，將此浮筒

下滑與上升過程中所測量到之資料，經由衛星傳輸至

研究單位。Stommel之想法源自美國軍方當時正在研發

之 Slocum浮筒，該浮筒之名稱乃為紀念首位獨臂駕駛

小船航行世界海洋一圈之船長 Joshua Slocum。此後，

隨著各式自主式浮筒諸如Palace(Profiling Autonomous

Lagrangian Current Explorer)與Alace (Autonomous

Lagrangian Circulation Explorer)的發展，AUG亦由美

國三家相關之海洋科學研究機構與公司所研發(Rudnick

et al., 2004)，因此可區分為三種近似之產品，第一種

為Webb Research的Slocum Glider，其次為華盛頓大

學(University of Washington) 所研發的Seaglider，最後

一種為加州大學(University of California)所研發的Spray

glider，這三種產品的外觀如圖一所示。

Part II. Introduction of AUG

Early in 1989, an American scientist, Henry Stommel, had

a statement about marine environment monitoring in the future

(Stommel, 1989): neutrally-buoyant floats carrying marine

parameter detectors can go to the certain depth through adjust

its buoyancy and weight, come back the ocean surface and

send the data to the research units, which is collected during

the course of the up-down movement by satellite. His idea

came from the Slocum float which has been developed by

U.S. Military, and this name is used here to commemorate the

first one-armed captain who went around the global ocean by

a boat. Along with the development of various AUG, such as

Palace(Profiling Autonomous Lagrangian Current Explorer)

and Alace (Autonomous Lagrangian Circulation Explorer), the

business of AUG went to the three marine science research

institutions and one company of USA (Rudnick et al., 2004).

Actually, there are three similar types of products: Slocum

Glider developed by Webb, Seaglider developed by University

of Washington and Spray glider developed by University of

California. Please check picture 1 for appearance of the three

products.

a b

c

▲ 圖一. 三種AUG 之外觀，其中(a)為Seaglider，(b)為Spray glider，(c)為Slocum glider。

PIC.1. Appearance of the three products: (a) Seaglider，(b) Spray glider，(c) Slocum glider.

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在環境參數之監測方面，Seaglider的標準配備為

一具CTD，可測量海水之基本物理化學性質如溫度、

鹽度與深度(壓力)，並可額外搭載諸如葉綠素螢光探

針、溶氧、光學、聲學探針等，可以收集大量且高解

析度的海下資料，並可配合不同任務需求，裝配各式

量測感應器。

Seaglider與傳統自主式水下潛航器(Autonomous

Underwater Vehicle, AUV)最大不同之處在於，其不是

藉著電力馬達來作為推進系統，而是由機體重量及海

水壓力間之差異，在不同深度下，給予不同之浮力，

以控制浮力與機體本身重量，與海水壓力取得平衡，

維持在深海中穩定下沉或上升，作為其上升及下降之

動力，其浮力之控制乃藉由機體本身之體積變化及外

接式充氣囊來調節，若其本身於海中前進阻力過大，

其耗費能量亦會增多，屆時將無法達到長時間偵測之

特性。

Seaglider is equipped with CTD; can obtain the basic

physical and chemical characteristics such as temperature,

salinity and depth (pressure); and can additionally equipped

with chlorophyll fluorescence probe and dissolved oxygen/

optics/acoustics probe to collect abundant underwater data of

high resolution; and can be equipped with different sensors for

various tasks.

The biggest difference between seaglider and Autonomous

Underwater Vehicle (AUV) lies in their propulsion systems. The

propulsion system of AUV is electric motor. For seaglider, the

driving power comes from the difference between its weight

and seawater pressure, and the buoyancy can be changed at

different depth to reach the balance of weight and pressure,

so that seaglider can move up and down steadily underwater.

The buoyancy can be controlled and changed by changing

seaglider's body volume, as well as outside carried air bags.

During the course of its proceeding, the more resistance is, the

more power is required, so impossible to complete a long term

monitoring.

表一. Seaglider之規格尺寸 Table 1. specification of seaglider

機身長度 / Length 1.8公尺 / 1.8 meters

寬度最大直徑 / Max Diameter 30公分 / 30 cm

機翼長度 / Wing length 1公尺 / 1 meter

桅杆天線長度 / Length of mast antenna 1公尺 / 1 meter

重量 / Weight 52公斤 / 52 kgs

最大可航行深度 / Max depth 1,000公尺 / 1,000 meters

可航行距離 / Sailing distance 4,600公里 / 4,600 kms

速度 / Speed 25 公分/秒 / 25 cm/s

滑翔角度 / Gliding Angle 16~45度 / 16-45°

資料來源：Davis et al. (2002) Source: Davis et al. (2002)

本文主要介紹華盛頓大學所開發之Seaglider，其

規格尺寸如表一所示，其他glider之則可參閱Davis et

al. (2002)或Rudnick et al. (2004)之介紹。該儀器之

長度約為一個人之身高，重量亦輕，使其於施放及回

收過程，不需使用大型船舶運載及耗費過多人力來操

作。

Seaglider is my topic of this text. Its specification is listed in

table 1. The specification of the other gliders can be found in

Davis et al. (2002) or Rudnick et al. (2004). The length of this

instrument is like a man tall, and it is light. It does not need of

a big vessel and many persons to discharge and recover the

seaglider.

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因此，如何有效地延長機體在水中偵測時間及減

少水中阻力，機體之外型設計成為首要之考量。華盛頓

大學之研究團隊應用許多物理原理進行縝密的推導及計

算，找出最適的機翼長度與形狀，使其成為流線型，而

非傳統的魚雷型之設計，以減少其於水中所受之阻力，

不會在前進時造成紊流現象而影響量測之品質。詳細之

物理原理與數學推導可參見Eriksen et al. (2001)。圖二為

其由海面下滑至水中後再反轉上升之V型路徑示意圖。

Seaglider採用2套但彼此互相獨立的電池套件，以

推動泵浦將液體從壓力艙及浸水艙之間抽入或抽出以改

變浮力，進而控制其前進方向與俯仰角度，中心電池套

件可前後移動，調整Seaglider前進時之傾斜角度，以

控制前進時之上下轉向。同時亦可左右轉動，控制其前

進時左右之方向。因而Seaglider可在海中水平及垂直

的自由轉換移動。圖三為Seaglider之內部構造圖，由

圖中可見其電池套件與相關控制浮力之排放位置。

Seaglider之桅桿天線裝有無線數據機，具有雙向

傳輸之功能，當機體上升至浮於水面時，先以GPS定

位，再利用衛星通訊系統如銥衛星(Iridium)將所量測之

科學資料及紀錄檔案傳輸回使用者，同時亦可接收使

用者傳送之資料與指令，指示或修改其進行下一範圍

或目標之測量。圖二亦顯示其至海表面時，桅桿天線

向上傳輸與接收資料之型態。

Therefore, the profile design is first considered to reduce the

resistance and extend monitoring time. After careful deduction

and calculation, the team of University of Washington found out

the most proper profile of wing: hydrodynamic form instead of

traditional design of torpedo, which can reduce the resistance

underwater, and avoid the influence on the survey data quality

caused by turbulent current. The detailed physical theory and

mathematical calculation can be found in Eriksen et al. (2001).

Picture 2 shows the routine that seaglider goes down and rise

up.

Seaglider is equipped with 2 sets of batteries mutually

independent to power the pump move water between pressure

cabin and water tank to change its proceeding direction and

pitching-angle. The central battery can move forwards and

backwards to change tilting angle to control up-direction and

down-direction. Meanwhile, left and right can also be controlled

by its turn. So, seaglider can move underwater freely, vertically

or horizontally. Picture 3 shows internal structure of seaglider,

batteries and buoyancy control can be seen.

Seaglider is equipped with a wireless data link unit, which

can send and receive data. When seaglider comes up to the

water surface, it is positioned by GPS, and then sends the

data surveyed and collected and the record files to the user

by satellite communication systems, for example, Iridium;

meanwhile, it can receive data and command from the user

to change its work to next target. Picture 2 shows the state

of mast antenna uplink and downlink for transmitting and

receiving data.

▲ 圖二. Seaglider於水中下滑與上升之路徑。(資料來源：www.mbhs.edu/~lpiper/Robotics03/develop.html)

PIC 2. Seaglider's routine to go down and rise up (Source: www.mbhs.edu/~lpiper/Robotics03/develop.html) )

▲ 圖三. Seaglider之內部構造圖。(資料來源：www2.sese.uwa.edu.au/~hollings/anfog/?page=slocum)PIC 3. Internal structure of Seaglider(Source: www2.sese.uwa.edu.au/~hollings/anfog/?page=slocum)

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在軟體方面，Seaglider所配備之軟體系統，可

計算機體浮力、旋轉及傾斜等相關資料，以控制機體

上升及下降。另可將所紀錄之海洋資料數位化及類比

化，傳送回使用者，並可分析衛星所傳送之航行目

標指令，控制機體方向及規劃其航行路線。此外，

Seaglider可依據所在深度篩選不必要之測量，例如

深海之水溫變化甚小，便可視需求改變溫度之取樣頻

率，以節省電力測量更需要之環境參數。

由以上Seaglider之介紹，我們可歸納出AUG具有

下列之優點：

一、節省成本及人力資源

AUG可回收重覆使用，與一般拋棄式之浮標相

比，經濟效益佳。另因體積小，僅需小型船舶即

可載運施放，不需人員24小時操作與待命回收，

可節省許多人力資源。

二、有效地紀錄海洋資料隨時空之變化

AUG的下潛與上升過程所測量之海洋資料，即為

海洋環境參數隨著時間與空間變化之紀錄，有利

於研究人員之分析與研究。

三、安全性高

AUG之航行路線是經由衛星系統所給予指示，藉

由天線接收使用者所傳送之目標訊息，遵照其設

定航行路線，因此，可透過衛星掌握其位置，安

全性高。

四、不受環境所限制

AUG不受海洋惡劣環境影響，例如AUG可潛入極

區冰層下之海域探測，其長時效性及高航程性，

有利監測目標海域。

Seaglider is equipped with software which can calculate its

buoyancy, turning and tilting to control its movement of going

down and rising up. Additionally, the data can be digitized

and assorted before sending to the user; and can analyze

the navigation command from satellite to control its direction

and plan its routine. Seaglider can make choice of target

parameters; for example, in the deep sea the temperature

changes slightly, and seaglider can change the frequency of

temperature collection according to the requirements; in this

way, power can be saved to survey and collect more necessary

environmental parameters.

Based on the above introduction, we can conclude the

following advantages of AUG:

I. Cost and Labor Saved

AUG can be recovered and reused, which has more

economic efficiency than the traditional disposable floats.

Only a little boat is required to carry it. No person is required

to work in 24 hours for recovery.

II. Efficiently Record Changes of Marine Date as Time Goes by

During the course of its movement to go down and rise up,

the data is recorded as time goes by. These data is helpful

for researcher to analyze and study.

III. High Safety

AUG gets commands and target data from the user through

satellite, and then work out its routine. Therefore it can be

positioned by satellite in the highly safe condition.

IV. No Environmental Limitation

The severe environment of ocean can not influence AUG.

For example, it can go down into the water under the polar

ice to survey. Its long term and long distance is good for

target water area monitoring.

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參、實際應用

加拿大格陵蘭島(Greenland)附近海域因氣候寒

冷，表面海水為冰層所覆蓋，傳統之海洋研究船難以

在冰層上作業，Rudnick et al. (2004)為了瞭解冰層

下之海水特性及流動情形，即利用兩組Seaglider潛入

冰層下探測海水溫度及流動情形，該二具儀器之漂流

軌跡如圖四所示。值得強調的是，施放儀器的日期是

2003年10月2日，回收的日期則為2004年2月4日，亦

即此二組Seaglider在海下蒐集資料之時間長達5個月

之久，在冬天該海域之惡劣海象下，絕無海洋研究船

可進行如此長期之觀測。也正因此，他們將所測得之

資料用於研究極區氣候之變化及淡水對於拉不拉多海

(Labrador Sea)海水密度之影響，獲得相當珍貴之研究

結論。

Part III. Practical Application

In the ocean nearby Greenland, the water is covered by

ice. It is hard for traditional marine research vessel to survey

under the ice. [Rudnick et al. (2004)] in order to know the

characteristics of water under ice and the current condition,

the two sets of seagliders (See Picture 4 for the routines) were

put down into the water under ice. It is worth our attention

that the two seagliders had been working for five months from

Oct. 2, 2003 to Feb. 4, 2004. In this area, in winter, no marine

research vessel can work such long time, absolutely no. Just

for this reason, they used the data surveyed and collected for

research on changes of polar climate and on the influence

caused by fresh water to the water of Labrador Sea, and finally

they got very precious research conclusions.

▲ 圖四. Rudnick et al. (2004)施放兩組Seaglider於格陵蘭島附近海域之漂流軌跡圖。圖中矢號表示該處垂直平均之海流速度圖，矢號長度代表速度大小，尺度則請參照該論文中之說明。

PIC 4. routine for the two seagliders operated by Rudnick et al. (2004) in the sea nearby Greenland. In picture, vector is for the vertical average speed here. Its length for speed value. Please find out scale in the note of this text. (Source: www.mbhs.edu/~lpiper/Robotics03/develop.html)

▲ 圖五. Spray Glider測量加州洋流系統之結果，其中(a)為垂直平均海流，(b)至(d)分別為溫度、鹽度、葉綠素及聲音後向散射強度。(取自Davis et al., 2008)

PIC 5. Result of California Ocean Current surveyed by Spray Glider. A for vertical average speed of current, b to d for temperature, salinity, chlorophyll and back scatter intensity of sound. (Source: Davis et al., 2008)

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Seaglider is the first choice for advanced countries to protect

their marine environment. It can be located at the entrance for

the fresh water to the sea to provide environmental alert and

to prevent more serious pollution to the sea; and it can survey

marine environmental conditions, obtain various accurate

physical and chemical data about marine conditions. For

example, Davis et al. (2008) reported the full course that they

use Spray Glider (Sherman et al., 2001) to survey California

Current System for some basic environmental and ecological

parameters, such as temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-A

and etc.; and they deduce the situation of plankton's vertical

movement between day and night by acoustic back scatter

intensity (ABS) of fixed-frequency sound, please see picture 5.

Because glider moves slowly at the vertical direction, the data

it gets is of higher resolution than that of traditional technology.

The data collected at the lower cost shall be valued and

promoted well.

Part IV. Conclusion

Taiwan is surrounded by sea and possesses unique and

precious marine environmental and ecological resource;

otherwise, the weak marine environment is easy to destroy by

typhoon, climate changes, marine pollution and human beings,

activities. Therefore, it is an important task to utilize marine

science and technology for long term marine environment

monitoring and maintenance this precious resource. There

are abundant fishing resources in the open seas of California

Ocean. With the support of Federal Government, California

Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) was

started in 1951; till now, they have got about 60 years of survey

data, which is a great contribution to the marine resource

of this area of sea. AUV introduced in the text joined in this

investigation early in 2001.

Seaglider亦已成為各國先進國家海洋環境保護

之先鋒，它可於淡水出海口監控陸上廢水排出之濃度

與數量，提供環境警示功能，避免海洋污染情形愈趨

嚴重，並且可探測海洋環境情形，對於海洋各項物理

及化學數據，提供準確之資料訊息，例如Davis et al.

(2008)報告了他們運用Spray Glider(Sherman et al.,

2001)監測加州洋流系統中之各式物理過程，包括海

水溫度、鹽度、葉綠素a等基本海洋環境生態參數，並

藉由固定頻率之聲音後向散射(Acoustic BackScatter,

ABS)強度推論海洋浮游生物之日夜垂直遷移之情形。

此外，亦據此討論垂直平均海流之特性與海洋鋒面的

混合情形，其結果如圖五所展示。由於Glider上下運動

之速度較為緩慢，因此所獲得之資料解析度遠勝過傳

統測量技術，在操作費用遠低於傳統測量技術之情形

下，以此種技術所獲得之成果更是彌足珍貴而值得加

以推廣。

肆、結語

台灣四面環海，擁有獨特且珍貴的海洋環境生態

與資源，然而，脆弱的海洋環境可能因為颱風、氣候

變遷、海洋污染或人為活動而遭致破壞。因此，如何

有效率運用海洋科技針對海洋環境進行長期監測是維

繫這一珍貴資產之重要任務。美國加州外海擁有豐富

的漁業資源，在聯邦政府的支持下，加州海洋漁業合

作調查計畫(California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries

Investigations, CalCOFI)自1951年開始執行加州外海

之海洋環境調查，至今已累積了近60年之連續觀測資

料，對於該海域之海洋資源保育有莫大的貢獻，本文

所介紹之自主式水下滑翔機亦早於2001年即加入該海

域之監測任務。

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此外，澳洲亦成立國家級之水下滑翔機硬體中心

(Australian National Facility for Ocean Gliders)，利

用各式滑翔機進行海洋環境監測並於網站上提供水下

滑翔機即時(real-time)的位置與其所測量之資料供大眾

參閱(http://www2.sese.uwa.edu.au/~hollings/anfog/

index.php)，由全體國民一起協助政府監看其所轄海域

環境之變化情形，更加印證了該項儀器的諸多優勢。

本文主要探討自主式水下滑翔機於海洋環境資料

蒐集之應用，事實上，其亦可測量海流之速度與方

向，協助海上搜索與救助任務之執行，未來倘若引進

國內，應可與海巡署目前所施放之DMB浮標協同作

業，在監測海洋環境的同時，協助拯救海上漂流之人

員，提供更大的貢獻。

（本文作者分別任職於中央警察大學水上警察學系助理教授、海

洋巡防總局中部地區機動海巡隊科員）

參考文獻

1. Davis, R. E., C. E. Eriksen, and C. P. Jones, 2002.

Autonomous buoyancy-driven underwater gliders, p. 37–

58. In G. Griffiths [ed.], The Technology and Applications of

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles. Taylor and Francis.

2. Davis, R. E., M. D. Ohman, D. L. Rudnick, J. T. Sherman,

and B. Hodges, 2008. Glider surveillance of physics and

biology in the southern California Current System. Limnol.

Oceanogr., 53, 2151–2168.

3. Eriksen, C. C., T. J. Osse, R. D. Light, T. Wen, T. W. Lehman,

P. L. Sabin, J. W. Ballard, and A. M. Chiodi, 2001. Seaglider: A

long range autonomous underwater vehicle for oceano³graphic

research. IEEE J. Oceanic Engin., 26, 424-436.

4. Rudnick, D. L., R. E. Davis, C. C. Eriksen, D. for ocean

research. J. Mar. Tech. Soc., 38, 73–84.

5. Sherman, J., R. E. Davis, W. B. Owens, and J. Valdes.

2001. The autonomous underwater glider ｀｀Spray.'' IEEE

Oceanic Eng. 26, 437–446.

6. Stommel, H., 1989. The Slocum Mission, Oceanography, 2,

22–25

Australian National Facility for Ocean Gliders has been set

up. Various gliders are used to survey. Real-time potions of

gliders and the data collected by them shall be issued at the

website (http://www2.sese.uwa.edu.au/~hollings/anfog/index.

php) for the public reference. The public are working with the

government to monitor the environmental conditions of their

territorial waters, which proves the advantages of gliders.

Application of AUG for protection of marine environmental

resource is discussed in the text. Actually, AUG can also be

used to survey the speed and directions, and help to carry

out marine search and rescue. If it is introduced into Taiwan,

it can work with the DMB buoy together, which is serving at

Coast Guard Administration at the present. It can both survey

the marine environment and rescue the persons trapped in the

sea.

(The author are separately served as the Professor of the Marine Police Department, Central Police University; Member of the Mobile Coast Guard Corps of the Middle Region)

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