ch 10 lecture outline a
TRANSCRIPT
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Three Types of Muscle Tissue
1. Skeletal muscle tissue:
Attached to bones and skin
Striated Voluntary (i.e., conscious control)
Powerful
Primary topic of this chapter
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Three Types of Muscle Tissue
2. Cardiac muscle tissue:
Only in the heart
Striated Involuntary
More details in Chapter 18
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Three Types of Muscle Tissue
3. Smooth muscle tissue:
In the walls of hollow organs, e.g., stomach,
urinary bladder, and airways
Not striated
Involuntary
More details later in this chapter
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Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 9.3
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Special Characteristics of Muscle Tissue
Excitability (responsiveness or irritability):
ability to receive and respond to stimuli
Contractility: ability to shorten when
stimulated
Extensibility: ability to be stretched
Elasticity: ability to recoil to resting length
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Muscle Functions
1. Movement of bones or fluids (e.g., blood)
2. Maintaining posture and body position
3. Stabilizing joints
4. Heat generation (especially skeletal muscle)
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Skeletal Muscle
Each muscle is served by one artery, one
nerve, and one or more veins
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Skeletal Muscles: Functional Groups
1. Prime movers
Provide the major force for producing a
specific movement
2. Antagonists
Oppose or reverse a particular movement
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Skeletal Muscles: Functional Groups
3. Synergists
Add force to a movement
Reduce undesirable or unnecessarymovement
4. Fixators
Synergists that immobilize a bone or muscle¶s origin
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Naming Skeletal Muscles
Location²bone or body region associatedwith the muscle
Shape²e.g., deltoid muscle (deltoid =
triangle)
Relative size²e.g., maximus (largest),minimus (smallest), longus (long)
Direction of fibers or fascicles²e.g., rectus(fibers run straight), transversus, and oblique(fibers run at angles to an imaginary definedaxis)
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Naming Skeletal Muscles
Number of origins²e.g., biceps (2 origins)
and triceps (3 origins)
Location of attachments²named according to
point of origin or insertion
Action²e.g., flexor or extensor, muscles that
flex or extend, respectively
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Muscle Mechanics: Arrangement of Fascicles
Circular
Fascicles arranged in concentric rings (e.g.,
orbicularis oris)
Convergent
Fascicles converge toward a single tendon insertion
(e.g., pectoralis major)
Parallel
Fascicles parallel to the long axis of a straplike
muscle (e.g., sartorius)
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Muscle Mechanics: Arrangement of Fascicles
Fusiform
Spindle-shaped muscles with parallel fibers
(e.g., biceps brachii)
Pennate
Short fascicles attach obliquely to a central
tendon running the length of the muscle (e.g.,
rectus femoris)
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Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.1
(a)
(b)
(e)
(d)
(g)
(f)
(c)
Circular
(orbicularis oris)
(b) Convergent
(pectoralis major)
(c) Parallel
(sartorius)
(d) Unipennate
(extensor
digitorum
longus)
(f) Fusiform
(biceps brachii)
(g) Multipennate
(deltoid)
(e) Bipennate
(rectus femoris)
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Muscle Mechanics: Lever Systems
Components of a lever system
Lever²rigid bar (bone) that moves on a fixed
point or fulcrum (joint)
Effort²force (supplied by muscle contraction)
applied to a lever to move a resistance (load)
Load²resistance (bone + tissues + anyadded weight) moved by the effort