ch 3 lessons

7/28/2019 Ch 3 Lessons

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8. FITB: Atomic number = the number of _____________ = the number of electrons

9. What are valence electrons? _________________________________________

10. A Hydrogen Atom: Look at Figure 3-1 on page 56. Draw and label Part A and copy

its caption below.

Picture of Hydrogen Caption

11. An Oxygen Atom: Look at Figure 3-1 on page 56. Draw and label Part B and copy its

caption below.

Picture of Oxygen Caption

12. An Aluminum Atom: Look at Figure 3-1 on page 56. Draw and label Part C and copy

its caption below.

Picture of Aluminum Caption



Practice: For each element … Fill in the information and draw it.

1. Helium

a. Atomic number - ______

b. Number of protons - ______ c. Number of electrons - _____

d. Atomic mass - ______

e. Number of neutrons – ______ ( ______ - ______ )Atomic mass minus atomic number

2. Lithium


b. Number of protons - ______

c. Number of electrons - _____


e. Number of neutrons – ______ ( ______ - ______ )Atomic mass minus atomic number

3. Nitrogen


b. Number of protons - ______

c. Number of electrons - _____


e. Number of neutrons – _____ ( ______ - ______ )Atomic mass minus atomic number



Ch 3 Matter and Atomic Structure Lesson 2

Elements and the Periodic Table

Name: ____________________________ Date: _____________ Period: _____ Focus Question: __________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Notes:

Directed Reading: Read pp. 58-59. Answer the following questions.

1. What is an isotope? __________________________________________________

2. Give an example of isotopes.

_______________________________________________________________

3. What is atomic mass?

_______________________________________________________________

4. What is radioactivity?

_______________________________________________________________

5. Draw and label Figure 3-3. Write the caption.

The Periodic Table



Draw Figure 3-4. You do not need to write the caption.

Abundance of Elements

Review:

1. What are the two most common elements of the universe? (List percentages.)

_______________________________________________________________

2. What are the two most common elements of the Earth’s crust? (List percentages.)

_______________________________________________________________

3. List the other 6 elements that are prevalent in Earth’s crust.

a. ___________________

b. ___________________

c. ___________________

d. ___________________

e. ___________________

f. ___________________

4. Look at p. 917. Pick three elements that prevalent in Earth’s crust and draw their

information inside the “boxes” below.




Covalent Bonds

Name: _________________________ Date: ________________ Period: ___________ Focus Question: ________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

Notes:

Directed Reading: Read pages 60-62. Answer the following questions.

1. What is a compound? _________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

2. What is a chemical bond? _____________________________________

_________________________________________________________

3. What is a covalent bond?

______________________________________ _________________________________________________________

4. What is a molecule? __________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

5. FITB: Polar Bonds p. 62 - When atoms in a covalent bond do not share

electrons equally, they form _______________________ bonds. A polar

bond has a ________________ and a ________________ end.



6. The Formation of a Water Molecule. Draw Figure 3-6 below (NEATLY,

please!). Label the two hydrogen atoms, the oxygen atom, and the water

molecule.

The Formation of a Water Molecule

7. A Polar Molecule. Draw and label Figure 3-7 below. Write the caption in

the box next to your picture.

A Polar Molecule Caption

Practice: Show the covalent bonding of one hydrogen atom to another hydrogen

atom to make a hydrogen molecule (which is how hydrogen gas exists in nature).Remember: Hydrogen has an atomic number of 1. Draw protons and electrons only.




Ionic Bonds

Name: _________________________ Date: ________________ Period: ___________

Focus Question: ________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

Notes:

Directed Reading: Read pages 62-63. Answer the following questions.

1. What is an ion? _____________________________________________

2. FITB: Ions- p. 62.

a. An atom in which the outermost energy level is less than half-full

tends to _____________ its valence electrons to become a

_____________________ ion. An

example of this is a sodium ion. Write the symbol for a sodium ion: ________. Then draw it in the box below.



Positive Sodium Ion

b. An atom in which the outermost energy level is more than half-full

tends to fill its outermost energy level by _________________ one

or more needed electrons to become a _____________________

ion.

An example of this is a chlorine ion. Write the symbol for a chlorine

ion: ________. Then draw it in the box below.

Negative Chlorine Ion

c. An atom in which the outermost energy level is exactly half full may

form either a ______________ or _________________ ion.

An example of this is a silicate ion. Write the symbol for a silicate

ion: _______________

3. What is an ionic bond?

_________________________________________________________

Practice: Draw the NaCl only of Figure 3-8.



NaCl


Metallic Bonds

Name: _________________________ Date: ________________ Period: ___________

Focus Question: ________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

Notes:

Directed Reading: Read pages 64. Fill in the Blanks …

1. Most compounds on Earth are held together by _____________ or

_____________ bonds.



2. In METALS, the _______________ electrons are shared by all the atoms.

3. You could think of a METAL as a group of positive __________ floating in a

sea of ________________ electrons.

4. The positive ions of the METAL are held together by the ________________ ________________ between them.

5. A METALLIC bond allows METALS to conduct ____________________

because the ________________ can move freely throughout the entire

solid metal.

Ch 3 Matter and Atomic Structure Lesson 6Chemical Reactions

Name: _________________________ Date: ________________ Period: ___________

Focus Question: ________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

Notes:

Directed Reading: Read page 64.



1. Remember that atoms gain, lose, or share electrons to become more

_______________________.

2. What is a chemical reaction?

_________________________________________________________

3. FITB: Chemical reactions are described by chemical _________________.

4. FITB: You must balance an equation by showing an ___________________ number

of atoms for each element on each side of an equation. This is because

the same amount of matter is present both before and ___________________

the reaction.

Practice: Practice writing the following equations. Be sure to balance them!

A. Iron (Fe) combines with oxygen (O2) to yield rust (FE2O2).

B. Hydrogen (H2) combines with oxygen (O2) to yield water (H2O).



C. Carbon (C ) combines with oxygen (O2) to yield carbon dioxide (CO2).


Mixtures and Solutions

Name: _________________________ Date: ________________ Period: ___________

Focus Question: ________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

Notes:

Directed Reading: Read page 65.

1. What is a mixture?

_________________________________________________________



2. FITB: When a mixture’s components are easily recognizable, it is called a

__________________________ mixture.

3. Why is soil a heterogeneous mixture? (That is, what does it consist of?)

_______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

4. FITB: In a _______________________ mixture, the component particles cannot

be distinguished.

5. A homogeneous mixture is also called a _________________________.

6. Examples of solutions …

Type of Solution Solid Liquid Gas

Example

Matter and Atomic Structure Lesson 8

States of Matter

Name: ______________________________ Date: ___________ Period: _____

Notes:

Read and Draw: Read page 67-69.

A. FITB: Solids …



1. A solid is a substance with densely _________________ particles.

2. Most solids have a _________________________ structure.

3. Crystals form symmetrical solid objects with ____________________facesand ___________________ edges between faces.

4. A glass is a solid that consists of densely packed atoms arranged at

_______________________. Glasses form when molten material is chilled so

rapidly that atoms cannot arrange themselves into a regular

___________________.

5. Draw the (solid) crystals of Figure 3-12 and write the caption.Table Salt Crystals Vanadium Crystals Caption

B. FITB: Liquids …

1. When the particles of a substance can slide past each other, the substance

becomes _______________________.

2. Liquids do not have their own ________________ but take the shape of the

container they are placed in.

3. Liquids do have a definite _______________________.

C . FITB: Gases …

1. In gases, the particles are separated by relatively _______________

distances and move about at extremely ________________ speeds.

2. Gases have no definite ________________ and no definite

____________________.

D. Changes of State…



1. What is melting?

_________________________________________________________

2.

E. What is evaporation?

_________________________________________________________

F. What is sublimation?

_________________________________________________________

G. What is condensation?

_________________________________________________________

5. FITB: Plasma …

Plasma occurs when temperatures exceed _________ degrees C. The

collisions between particles are so violent that ______________ are

knocked away from atoms. Three examples of plasma include: ______________, ______________, and ___________________.

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