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Ch 4 Section 4 Philosophy & Religion inChina

I. The Wisdom of Confucius his teachingscollected in the Analectsy A. Five Relationships (ensured social order)

1. He taught that harmony resulted when peopleaccepted their place in society.y A.) Father to sony B.) Elder brother to younger brother y C.) Husband to wife

y D.) Ruler to subjecty E.) Friend to friend

2. He taught that none of these relationships (except for friendship) were equaly A.) I.e. Older people were superior to younger people and men

were superior to women

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3. According to Confucius, everyone had duties

and responsibilitiesa.) Superiors should care for their inferiors

b.) Inferiors owed loyalty to their superiorsc.) A womans duty was to ensure the stabilityof the family and promote harmony in thehomed.) Correct behavior would bring order andstabilitye.) Filial piety respect for parents; above all

duties

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y C. Effects1. Although unequal, caste ensured a

stable social order 2. People believed karma determinedtheir caste3. Gave people a sense of identity

4. Each caste had its own occupationand leaders5. Different castes depended on oneanother for their basic needs

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II. Harsh Ideas of LegalismA, Hanfeizi (HAN fay DZEE)

1. The nature of man is evil. His goodnessis acquired2. Greed was the motive of most actionsand the cause of most conflicts3. Insisted that the only way to achieveorder was to pass strict laws and imposeharsh punishments4. Because of the emphasis on law, histeachings were called Legalism5. To Legalists, strength, not goodness,was a rulers greatest virtue

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III. Daoism The Unspoken Way- founded by Laozi (LOW DZEE)

y A. Seeking the Way1. Looked beyond everyday cares tofocus on the Dao, the way of theuniverse

2. Daoists rejected conflict and strife3. They wanted to end conflict betweenhuman desires and the simple ways of nature4. Many Daoists became hermits, artists,or poets

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y B. Government1. Daoists viewed government as unnatural andthe cause of many problems2. The best government was the one thatgoverned the least

y C. A Blend of Ideas1. Daoism evolved into a popular religion withgods, goddesses, and magical practices2. Instead of accepting nature as it was, manyDaoist priests searched for a substance to bringimmortality

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IV. Buddhism inChinay A. Mahayana

Buddhism1. By A.D. 100,missionaries andmerchants had spreadMahayana Buddhismfrom India into China2. Its great appeal was

the promise of escapefrom suffering3. It offered the chancefor anyone to achieve

salvation