ch-,- (vkwulz) fganh lseslvj ldhe tqykbz] 2011 ls...

fganh&foHkkx

fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;

ch-,- (vkWulZ) fganh

lsesLVj Ldhe

tqykbZ] 2011 ls vkjaHk

ijh{kk&;kstuk rFkk ikB~;Øe

fo}r~ ifj"kn~ vkSj dk;Zdkjh ifj"kn~ dh cSBd fnukad 25 vizSy] 2011 esa ikfjr

f'k{kk&o"kZ 2011 esa ch-,- (vkWulZ) fganh ikB~;Øe esa izos'k ysus okys fo|kfFkZ;ks a

ds fy, fuèkkZfjr ikB~;Øe

2

fnYyh fo’ofo|ky;

foHkkx dk uke : fganh ikB~;dze % ch- ,- (vkWulZ) fganh

lsesLVj&1

iz'ui=&1% lkfgR; fpUru & ,d

iz'ui=&2% izkphu vkSj iwoZe/;dkyhu dfork

iz'ui=&3% leorhZ & Hkk"kk ;ksX;rk

lsesLVj&2

iz'ui=&4% fganh dgkuh

iz'ui=&5% mRrj e/;dkyhu dfork

iz'ui=&6% leorhZ & dzsfMV ;ksX;rk

lsesLVj&3

iz'ui=&7% fganh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl ¼e/;dky rd½

iz'ui=&8% lkfgR; fpUru&nks

iz'ui=&9% leorhZ & var% fo"k;

lsesLVj&4

iz'ui=&10% vk/kqfud dfork&,d

iz'ui=&11% lkekU; Hkk"kk foKku vkSj fganh Hkk"kk

iz'ui=&12% fganh miU;kl

iz'ui=&13% leorhZ & vuq’kklu dsfUnzr&1

lsesLVj&5

iz'ui=&14% fganh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl ¼vk/kqfud dky½

iz'ui=&15% vk/qkfud dfork&nks

iz'ui=&16% fganh fucU/k vkSj vU; x| fo/kk,a

iz'ui=&17% fganh ukVd

lsesLVj&6

iz'ui=&18% jpukRed ys[ku

iz'ui=&19% fodYi

iz'ui=&20% fodYi

iz'ui=&21% leorhZ & vuq’kklu dsfUnzr&2

3

SEMESTER BASED UNDER-GRADUATE HONOURS COURSES Distribution of Marks & Teaching Hours

The Semester-wise distribution of papers for the B.A. (Honours), B.Com. (Honours), B. Com., B.Sc. (Honours) Statistics and B.Sc. (Honours) Computer Science will be as follows:

Type of Paper Max. Marks Theory Exam.

I.A. Teaching per week

Main Papers 100 75 25 5 Lectures 1 Tutorial

Concurrent Courses 100 75 25 4 Lectures 1 Tutorial

Credit Courses for B.Sc.(Hons.) Mathematics

100 75 25 4 Lectures 1 Tutorial

• Size of the Tutorial Group will be in accordance with the existing norms.

• The existing syllabi of all Concurrent/Credit Courses shall remain unchanged.

• The existing criteria for opting for the Concurrent /Credit Courses shall also remain

unchanged.

4

ikB~;Øe&izLrkouk

ch-,- (vkWulZ) fganh ikB~;Øe B.A. (Hons.) Hindi

vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lrj ij f'k{kk ds Lrj] Lo:i ,oa ikB~;Øe esa lekurk ykus vkSj ØsfMV LFkkukarj.k dks laHko

cukus ds mn~ns'; ls fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; esa tqykbZ] 2011 ds l=k ls ykxw dh tkus okyh lsesLVj iz.kkyh ds

vuq:i fganh&foHkkx us ch-,- (vkWulZ) fganh ikB~;Øe ds fy, uohu ikB~;Øe rS;kj fd;k gSA

bl lsesLVj iz.kkyh dh ijh{kk&;kstuk bl Øe esa ykxw dh tk,xh %

lsesLVj&1 % tqykbZ] 2011&fnlacj] 2011

lsesLVj&2 % tuojh] 2012&ebZ] 2012





ch-,- (vkWulZ) fganh ikB~;Øe ds fy, fuèkkZfjr 21 iz'ui=kksa esa ls 16 iz'ui=k fganh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; ds gksaxs

rFkk ik¡p leorhZ ikB~;Øeksa dk izkoèkku gksxkA eq[; fo"k; fganh ds iz'ui=kksa dh lkexzh ds fuèkkZj.k ds le;

f'k{kk vkSj Kku ds cnyrs ifjn`'; dks lkeus j[kk x;k gSA bl Øe esa ikjaifjd ,oa 'kkL=kh; fo"k;ksa ds

lkFk&lkFk u;h ih<+h ds fy, mi;ksxh u, fo"k;ksa dk lekos'k Hkh fd;k x;k gSA ;g ifjorZu ikB&lkexzh ds

fuèkkZj.k esa rks yf{kr gksrk gh gS] ^jpukRed ys[ku* tSls u, iz'ui=k ds lekos'k esa Hkh bls ns[kk tk ldrk

gSA vafre nks iz'ui=k oSdfYid gSaA fganh (vkWulZ) ds ikB~;Øe esa fganh lkfgR; izfrfufèkRo dh iwjh lexzrk

ds lkFk lekfo"V fd;k x;k gSA oSdfYid iz'ui=kksa esa fganh dk iz;kstuijd i{k e”kcwr gks bl ckr dks è;ku

esa j[kdj oSdfYid iz'ui=kksa esa ikB~;Øe dk fuèkkZj.k mi;ksxh gSA Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dk oSdfYid iz'ui=k

jk"Vªh; lkekfld laLÑfr dh izLrqfr ds lanHkZ esa izklafxd gSA

1- izR;sd iz'ui=k 100 vad dk gksxkA

2- izR;sd iz'ui=k ds fy, ik¡p ysDpj izfr lIrkg dk izkoèkku gksxkA

3- V~;wVksfj;y d{kk,¡ fo'ofo|ky; ds fu;ekuqlkj vkB fo|kFkhZ izfr xzqi ds fglkc ls izR;sd lIrkg rFkk

gj iz'ui=k esa gksaxhA

4- vkarfjd ewY;kadu dh O;oLFkk vkSj vadksa dk vuqikr fo'ofo|ky; ds fu.kZ;kuqlkj gksxkA

5

iz'ui=kksa dk Øe bl izdkj gksxk %

iz'ui=k&1 % lkfgR; fparu&1

iz'ui=k&2 % izkphu vkSj iwoZeè;dkyhu dfork

iz'ui=k&3 % leorhZ ikB~;Øe & Hkk"kk ;ksX;rk

iz'ui=k&4 % fganh dgkuh

iz'ui=k&5 % mÙkj eè;dkyhu dfork

iz'ui=k&6 % leorhZ ikB~;Øe & dzsfMV ;ksX;rk

iz'ui=k&7 % fganh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl (eè;dky rd)

iz'ui=k&8 % lkfgR; fparu&2

iz'ui=k&9 % leorhZ ikB~;Øe & var% fo"k;

iz'ui=k&10 % vkèkqfud dfork&1

iz'ui=k&11 % lkekU; Hkk"kkfoKku vkSj fganh Hkk"kk

iz'ui=k&12 % fganh miU;kl

iz'ui=k&13 % leorhZ ikB~;Øe & vuq’kklu dsfUnzr&1

iz'ui=k&14 % fganh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl (vkèkqfud dky)

iz'ui=k&15 % vkèkqfud dfork&2

iz'ui=k&16 % fganh fucaèk vkSj vU; x| foèkk,¡

iz'ui=k&17 % fganh ukVd

iz'ui=k&18 % jpukRed ys[ku

iz'ui=k&19 % fodYi

iz'ui=k&20 % fodYi

iz'ui=k&21 % leorhZ ikB~;Øe & vuq’kklu dsfUnzr&2

fodYi % d- Hkk"kk f'k{k.k vkSj fganh Hkk"kk

% [k- vuqokn

% x- jaxeap

% ?k- ehfM;k

% M- Hkkjrh; lkfgR;

6

fganh vkWulZ

lsesLVj&I

iz'ui=k&1 % lkfgR; fparu & ,d

1. Hkkjrh; dkO;'kkL=k dh ijaijk vkSj fofHkUu laiznk; (jl] vyadkj] jhfr] èofu] oØksfDr] vkSfpR;

laiznk;ksa ds vkpk;Z] muds dky ,oa mudh LFkkiukvksa dk lkekU; ifjp;)

2. jl % jl dk Lo:i] jl ds vax] jl ds Hksn

3. 'kCn 'kfDr % vfHkèkk] y{k.kk] O;atuk vkSj rkRi;Z o`fÙk

4. vyadkj % Lo:i vkSj y{k.k] vyadkjksa ds Hksn] dkO; esa vyadkjksa dh mi;ksfxrk ,oa

Hkwfedk] izeq[k vyadkj&vuqizkl] 'ys"k] oØksfDr] ;ed] miek] :id]

mRizs{kk] n`"Vkar] fun'kZuk] vlaxfr] fojksèkkHkkl] foHkkouk] O;ktLrqfr] vU;ksfDr]

vfr'k;ksfDrA

5. Nan % Lo:i (;fr] xfr] y;] ek=kk] rqd] o.kZ vkfn) dkO; esa Nanksa dh mi;ksfxrk ,oa

jpukRed Hkwfedk

izeq[k Nan µ pkSikbZ] gfjxhfrdk] jksyk] nksgk] lksjBk] bUnzotzk] eankØkark]

nzqrfoyfEcr] 'kknwZyfoØhfM+r] loS;kA

6. dkO;:i % izcaèkdkO;µegkdkO;] [k.MdkO;] pfjrdkO;_ eqDrd] xhfrdkO; ,oa izxhr

lgk;d xzaFk %

1- Hkkjrh; dkO;'kkL=k % lqcksèk foospu µ lR;nso pkSèkjh

2- dkO;rÙo foe'kZ µ jkeewfrZ f=kikBh

3- dkO;niZ.k µ jkenfgu feJ

4- fl¼kar vkSj vè;;u µ ckcw xqykcjk;

5- lkfgR;&fl¼kar µ jkevoèk f}osnh

6- Hkkjrh; dkO;'kkL=k dh Hkwfedk µ MkW- uxsanz

7- jlfl¼kar % Lo:i vkSj fo'ys"k.k µ vkuanizdk'k nhf{kr

8- fganh vyadkj lkfgR; dk 'kkL=kh; foospu µ vkseizdk'k

7

9- Hkkjrh; lkfgR;'kkL=k µ cynso mikè;k;

10- fganh èoU;kyksd µ vkpk;Z fo'os'oj

11- jl ehekalk µ vkpk;Z jkepanz 'kqDy

12- jl&fl¼kar µ MkW- uxsanz

13- Hkkjrh; dkO;'kkL=k dh vkpk;Z ijaijk µ jkèkkoYyHk f=kikBh

14- lkfgR; dk Lo:i µ fuR;kuan frokjh

15- dkO;'kkL=k µ HkxhjFk feJ

16- Hkkjrh; vkykspuk'kkL=k µ jktoa'k lgk; ^ghjk*

17- lkfgR; lgpj µ vkpk;Z gtkjhizlkn f}osnh

8

iz'ui=k&2 % izkphu vkSj iwoZeè;dkyhu dfork

ikB&lkexzh %

1- vehj [kqljks µ vehj [kqljks % O;fDrRo vkSj ÑfrRo µ ijekuan ikapky

fganh x”ky µ x

dOokyh µ ?k (1) (2)

xhr µ M- (4) (13)

nksgs µ p (7 nksgs)

2- fo|kifr µ fo|kifr dh inkoyh % laik- vkpk;Z Jh jkeykspu 'kj.k

ladyf;rk % jkeo`{k csuhiqjh] iqLrd HkaMkj] iVuk

oanuk µ 1

jkèkk dh oanuk µ 2 (ns[k ns[k jkèkk - - - vgfufl dksj vxksjh)

u[k&f'k[k µ 18] 20

izse&izlax JhÑ".k dk izse µ 33] 34] 35

jkèkk dk izse µ 36] 37] 38

3- dchjnkl µ dchj xzaFkkoyh % laik- ';kelqanj nkl] uk-iz- lHkk

(uok¡ laLdj.k] la- 2021)

xq#nso dkS vax µ 11] 17_ lqfeju dkS vax µ 5] 17_ fojg dkS vax µ 11_

ijpk dkS vax µ 14_ fprko.kh dkS vax µ 13_ ek;k dkS vax µ 17_

dqlaxfr dkS vax µ 2_ laxfr dkS vax µ 2_ mins'k dkS vax µ 1_

cslkl dkS vax µ 7_ thou e`rd dkS vax µ 9_ lwjk ru dkS vax µ 20_

dky dkS vax µ 1_ dLrwfj;k e`x dkS vax µ 1_ in µ 64] 66] 235

4- lwjnkl µ lwjlkxj] uk-iz- lHkk] Hkkx&1] 2035 okjk.klh] laik- uannqykjs

oktis;h] iape laLdj.k

Hkkx&1] Hkkx&2] laLdj.k 2033

fou; & i`"B&38] Nan&138

i`"B&42] Nan&153

okRlY; & i`"B&243] Nan&110

i`"B&244] Nan&115

i`"B&323] Nan&3175

Hkkx&2] nwljk [kaM

Ük`axkj & i`"B&397] Nan&672

9

i`"B&398] Nan&673

:iekèkqjh & i`"B&580] Nan&1368_ igyk [kaM

i`"B&18] Nan&1825_ nwljk [kaM

eqjyh & i`"B&385] Nan&620

i`"B&571] Nan&1325

Hkzejxhr & i`"B&373] Nan&3507

i`"B&400] Nan&3631

i`"B&490] Nan&3988

i`"B&507] Nan&4073

5- dqrqcu µ e`xkorh

n'kZu [kaM µ 42 ls 47

Ük`axkj&o.kZu [kaM µ 48 ls 55

6- xksLokeh rqylhnkl µ dforkoyh] xhrkizsl] xksj[kiqj] la- 2052 fo] 36ok¡ laLdj.k

ckydkaM µ 1

v;ksè;kdkaM µ 22

lqanjdkaM µ 25

mÙkjdkaM µ 96] 106

fou;if=kdk µ laLdj.k laor~] 2055

in la[;k 105] 111] 162] 172] 201

7- ehjk µ ehjk¡ckbZ dh inkoyh % laik- vkpk;Z ij'kqjke prqosZnh

fganh lkfgR; lEesyu] iz;kx] 17ok¡ laLdj.k] 1983] 'kd 1905

in&la[;k µ 5] 17] 18] 19] 22] 23] 25] 41] 73] 158

vkykspukRed iz'u % rhu

lanHkZ lfgr O;k[;k % nks

ikBka'k dk jpuk&dkS'ky&fo'ys"k.k % nks

lgk;d xzaFk %

1- vehj [kqljks µ ijekuan ikapky

2- fo|kifr µ f'koizlkn flag

10

3- fo|kifr dh inkoyh µ f'kodkj diwj

4- dchj µ gtkjhizlkn f}osnh

5- dchj dh fopkjèkkjk µ xksfoan f=kxq.kk;r

6- dchj µ la- fot;sanz Lukrd

7- lwjnkl µ jkepanz 'kqDy

8- lwj vkSj mudk lkfgR; µ gjoa'kyky 'kekZ

9- lwjnkl µ czts'oj oekZ

10- HkfDr vkanksyu vkSj lwjnkl dk dkO; µ eSustj ik.Ms;

11- xksLokeh rqylhnkl µ jkepanz 'kqDy

12- rqylh&dkO;&ehekalk µ mn;Hkkuq flag

13- rqylhnkl vkSj mudk ;qx µ jktifr nhf{kr

14- eè;;qxhu izsek[;kud µ ';keeuksgj ik.Ms;

15- fganh lwiQhdkO; dh Hkwfedk µ jkeiwtu frokjh

16- lwiQh dfork dh igpku µ ;'k xqykVh

17- ehjk¡ dk dkO; µ Hkxokunkl frokjh

18- ehjk] thou vkSj dkO; µ lh-,y- izHkkr

19- Ñ".kyhyk foe'kZ µ txnh'k Hkkj}kt

20- HkfDr vkanksyu ds lkekftd vkèkkj % xksis'oj flag

11

iz'ui=k&3

leorhZ ikB~;Øe & Hkk"kk ;ksX;rk

12

lsesLVj&II

iz'ui=k&4 % fganh dgkuh

ikB&lkexzh %

1- jk-ck- ?kks"k µ nqykbZokyh

2- panzèkj 'kekZ xqysjh µ lq[ke; thou

3- izsepan µ ek¡

4- t;'kadj izlkn µ bUnztky

5- tSusUnz dqekj µ tkÉoh

6- deys'oj µ fnYyh esa ,d ekSr

7- eksgu jkds'k µ eycs dk ekfyd

8- fueZy oekZ µ èkwi dk ,d VqdM+k

9- iQ.kh'ojukFk js.kq µ yky iku dh csx+e

10- Hkh"e lkguh µ fidfud

11- vejdkar µ nksigj dk Hkkstu

12- eUuw HkaMkjh µ ,d de”kksj yM+dh dh dgkuh

13- Ñ".kk lkscrh µ flDdk cny x;k

14- mn; izdk'k µ Vsipw

15- eatwj ,grs'kke µ rLchg

16- vkseizdk'k okYehfd µ ?kqliSfB;s

vkykspukRed iz'u % rhu %

lanHkZ lfgr O;k[;k % nks %

ikBka'k dk jpuk&dkS'ky&fo'ys"k.k % nks %

lgk;d xzaFk %

1- fganh dgkuh dk bfrgkl µ xksiky jk;

2- fganh dgkuh % varjax igpku µ jkenj'k feJ

3- dgkuh ubZ dgkuh µ ukeoj flag

4- ,d nqfu;k lekukarj µ jktsanz ;kno

5- fganh dgkuh dh jpuk&izfØ;k µ ijekuan JhokLro

6- viuh ckr µ Hkh"e lkguh

13

7- ubZ dgkuh dh Hkwfedk µ deys'oj

8- ubZ dgkuh % lanHkZ vkSj izÑfr µ nsoh'kadj voLFkh

9- chloha 'krkCnh dk mÙkjk¼Z % fganh dgkuh µ ujsanz eksgu

10- izsepan vkSj mudk ;qx µ jkefoykl 'kekZ

11- cax efgyk % ukjh eqfDr dk la?k"kZ µ Hkonso ikaMs;

14

iz'ui=k&5 % mÙkjeè;dkyhu dfork

ikB&lkexzh %

1- jghe µ jghe xzaFkkoyh] laik- fo|kfuokl feJ] xksfoan jtuh'k

ok.kh izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh] laLdj.k&2001

nksgkoyh & 38] 49] 63] 87] 126] 130] 166] 167] 175] 180] 212]

220] 222] 238] 248

2- nso µ nsolqèkk (egkdfo nso ls pk# p;u) laxzgdkj % feJcaèkq

xaxk xzaFkkxkj] 36 ykVwjk jksM] y[kumQ % la'kksfèkr ,oa ifjof¼Zr r`rh;

laLdj.k] laor~ 2005

in la[;k % 9] 17] 23] 37] 92] 102] 130] 137] 160] 168

3- fcgkjh µ fcgkjh&jRukdj] iz.ksrk % txUukFknkl jRukdkj] f'kokyk] okjk.klh

uohu laLdj.k&5] lu~ 1969

nksgk la[;k % 1] 62] 103] 127] 128] 143] 180] 347] 363] 388

4- Hkw"k.k µ Hkw"k.k xazFkkoyh % lafo'oukFkizlkn feJ] r`rh; vko`fÙk laor~ 2026

Nan la[;k % 1] 2] 38] 50] 104] 124] 182] 411] 416] 420]

428] 442] 443] 512] 515

5- ?kukuan µ ?kukuan xzaFkkoyh] lafo'oukFkizlkn feJ] ok.kh forku] cukjl]

laLdj.k izcksfèkuh] 2009

Nan la[;k % iz'kfLr 1] 2

lqtkufgr & 1] 4] 7] 18] 19] 38] 41] 49] 54

6- fxfjèkj µ fxfjèkj dfojk; xzaFkkoyh] la- fd'kksjhyky xqIr] eèkq izdk'ku] 42]

rk'kdan ekxZ] bykgkckn] izFke laLdj.k 1977

Nan la[;k % 11] 16] 36] 70] 71] 72] 99] 109] 328] 330

7- f}tnso µ Ük`axkj yfrdklkSjHk % egkjktk ekuflag f}tnso]

izHkkr izdk'ku] izFke laLdj.k

Nan la[;k % 6] 7] 11] 12] 27] 28] 66] 68] 69] 70] 72

vkykspukRed iz'u % rhu

lanHkZ lfgr O;k[;k % nks

15

ikBka'k dk jpuk&dkS'ky&fo'ys"k.k % nks

lgk;d xazFk %

1- nso vkSj mudh dfork µ MkW- uxsanz

2- jhfrdkO; dh Hkwfedk µ MkW- uxsanz

3- fcgkjh µ fo'oukFk izlkn feJ

4- dfooj fcgkjhyky vkSj mudk ;qx µ j.kèkhjizlkn flUgk

5- Hkw"k.k vkSj mudk lkfgR; µ jktey cksjk

6- Hkw"k.k µ fo'oukFkizlkn feJ

7- fganh uhfrdkO; dk Lo:i fodkl µ jkeLo:i 'kkL=kh

8- fxfjèkj dfojk; (xzaFkkoyh) µ la- fd'kksjhyky xqIr

9- fganh lkfgR; dk mÙkjeè;dky % jhfrdky µ egsanz dqekj

10- fganh lkfgR; dk c`gr~ bfrgkl] Hkkx&6 µ la- MkW- uxsanz

11- f}tnso vkSj mudk dkO; µ vafcdkizlkn oktis;h

12- ?kukuan xzaFkkoyh µ fo'oukFkizlkn feJ

13- ?kukuan vkSj LoPNanrkoknh dkO;èkkjk µ euksgjyky xkSM+

14- lusg dks ekjx µ bejS caxk

16

iz'ui=k&6

leorhZ ikB~;Øe & dzsfMV ;ksX;rk

17

lsesLVj&III

iz'ui=k&7 % fganh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl (eè;dky rd)

fganh lkfgR; ds bfrgkl ds varxZr foosP; fcUnq

[k.M&,d fganh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; % mn; dh i`"BHkwfe

1- laLÑr] izkÑr] viHkza'k

2- vkfndky % ifjos'k] ukedj.k vkSj lkfgfR;d lkexzh 3- vkfndkyhu fganh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl

[k.M&nks 1- eè;dkyhu ifjos'k ,oa ewY;cksèk 2- HkfDr dk vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lo:i 3- HkfDr vkanksyu ds mn; dh i`"BHkwfe 4- HkfDr vkanksyu dh rÙon`f"V ,oa thou&n'kZu

(d) fuxqZ.k&lxq.k dh voèkkj.kk ([k) nk'kZfud fparu % xq#] czã] tho] txr~] ek;k] yksd] 'kkL=k] izifÙk] yhyk vkSj eks{k (x) lkekftd n`f"V % ukjh] o.kZ&O;oLFkk] tkfr (?k) HkDr dfo;ksa dh Hkk"kkn`f"V vkSj dkO;Hkk"kk

5- HkfDrdkyhu fganh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl

[k.M&rhu 1- jhfr dh voèkkj.kk vkSj jhfrdkO;

2- jhfrdkO; ds jktuhfrd&lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd vkèkkj

3- jhfrdkO; ds lzksr % 'kkL=k] yksd] dyk] T;ksfr"k] vkfnA

4- jhfrdky % dkO;kuqHkwfr ds fofoèk vk;ke µ Ük`axkj] ukf;dk&Hksn] lkSan;Z&cksèk]

izÑfr] uhfr] HkfDr] ohjrk

5- jhfr dfo;ksa dk vfHkO;atuk f'kYi

6- jhfrdkyhu fganh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl

18

lgk;d xzaFk %

1- fganh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl µ jkepanz 'kqDy

2- fganh lkfgR; dh Hkwfedk µ gtkjh izlkn f}osnh

3- fganh lkfgR; dk vrhr µ fo'oukFk izlkn feJ

4- fganh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl µ la- MkW- uxsanz

5- fganh lkfgR; vkSj laosnuk dk fodkl µ jkeLo:i prqosZnh

6- fganh lkfgR; % mn~Hko vkSj fodkl µ gtkjhizlkn f}osnh

7- fganh lkfgR; dk c`gr~ bfrgkl (17 [k.M) µ ukxjhizpkfj.kh lHkk

8- fganh lkfgR; dk vkfndky % gtkjhizlkn f}osnh

19

iz'ui=k&8 % lkfgR; fparu & nks

[k.M&,d

lkfgR; dh izeq[k vkèkqfud foèkkvksa dk lkekU; ifjp;

1- vk[;kuijd dfork] izxhrkRed dfork

2- eqDrNan] NaneqDr dfork

3- miU;kl vkSj dgkuh

4- ukVd vkSj ,dkadh

5- fucaèk µ fopkj izèkku vkSj yfyr fucaèk

6- vkRedFkk] thouh] laLej.k] js[kkfp=k

[k.M&nks vkykspuk ds voèkkj.kkRed inksas dk lkekU; ifjp;

1- vkèkqfudrk vkSj vkèkqfudcksèk 2- dkO;kuqHkwfr 3- yksdeaxy 4- fo#¼ksa dk lkeatL; 5- :i vkSj oLrq 6- foHkkou O;kikj 7- fcac] izrhd vkSj feFkd 8- iQSaVslh vkSj HkkokHkkl 9- folaxfr vkSj foMacuk 10- likVc;kuh 11- lgkuqHkwfr vkSj LokuqHkwfr 12- vkn'kZokn vkSj ;FkkFkZokn

[k.M&rhu

izeq[k vkykspdksa ds ikBksa dk ladyu

1- izzsepan µ lkfgR; dk mn~ns';

2- vkpk;Z jkepanz 'kqDy µ dkO; esa yksdeaxy

3- vkpk;Z gtkjhizlkn f}osnh µ vkèkqfud lkfgR; % ubZ ekU;rk,¡

4- jkefoykl 'kekZ µ izxfr'khy lkfgR; vkSj Hkk"kk leL;k

5- MkW- uxsanz µ vkèkqfudrk dk iz'u % lkfgR; ds lanHkZ esa

20

lgk;d xzaFk %

1- lkfgR; dks'k

2- fpUrkef.k µ vkpk;Z jkepanz 'kqDy

3- lkfgR; fl¼kar µ jkevoèk f}osnh

4- lkfgR; fl¼kar % jsusosyd µ vkWfLVu okjsu (vuqokn)

5- vkLFkk ds pj.k µ MkW- uxsanz

6- dfork ds u;s izfreku µ ukeoj flag

7- fganh vkykspuk ds cht'kCn µ cPpu flag

8- feFkdh; voèkkj.kk vkSj ;FkkFkZ µ jes'k xkSre

9- fganh x|] foU;kl vkSj fodkl µ jkeLo:i prqosZnh

10- nwljh ijaijk dh [kkst µ ukeoj flag

11- fganh vkykspuk µ fo'oukFk f=kikBh

21

iz'ui=k&9

leorhZ ikB~;Øe & var% fo"k;

22

lsesLVj&IV

iz'ui=k&10 % vkèkqfud dfork & ,d

ikB&lkexzh %

1- (d) u”khj vdcjkcknh µ u”khj dh ckuh % laik- j?kqifr lgk; fiQjkd] bykgkckn ykW tuZy izsl]

bykgkckn] laLdj.k&1953

dfork % vknehukek] vkVs nky dk Hkko (1)

([k) eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr µ t;nzFk&oèk % lkfgR; lnu] fpjxkao] >kalh] laLdj.k % lEor~ 2028

lxZ µ lIre~

2- t;'kadj izlkn µ dfork,¡ % (i) fo"kkn (>juk ls) Hkkjrh HkaMkj] bykgkckn] laLdj.k] lEor~ 2026

(ii) fgekfnz rqax Ük`ax ls (ukV~;xhr] panzxqIr ukVd ls)

(iii) izfrek esa lthork&lh ---------- vk¡lw ls

ls ^fdatYdtky gSa fc[kjs* rd

(iv) mB&mB jh y?kq y?kq yksy ygj

(v) chrh foHkkojh tkx jh ygj ls

(vi) vks jh ekul dh xgjkbZ

3- lw;Zdkar f=kikBh fujkyk µ dfork,¡ %

(i) twgh dh dyh µ ifjey] jktdey izdk'ku] la-&1978

(ii) olu oklUrh ysxh µ vijk] Hkkjrh HkaMkj] bykgkckn] la-&1972

(iii) rksM+ks rksM+ks dkjk µ vukfedk] Hkkjrh HkaMkj] bykgkckn] la-&1963

(iv) rksM+rh iRFkj µ vijk] Hkkjrh HkaMkj] bykgkckn] la-&1972

(v) Lusg fu>Zj cg x;k gS fujkyk jpukoyh Hkkx&2]

(vi) [ksr tksr dj ?kj vk, gSa jktdey izdk'ku] fnYyh

r`rh; laLdj.k] 1992

4- (d) lqHknzk dqekjh pkSgku µ dfork,¡ %

(i) Bqdjk nks ;k I;kj djks eqdqy rFkk vU; dfork,¡

(ii) esjk u;k cpiu gal izdk'ku] bykgkckn]

(iii) ohjksa dk dSlk gks clar laLdj.k] 1965

(iv) esjk thou

23

([k) ek[kuyky prqosZnh µ dfork,¡ %

(i) flikgh µ fgefdjhfVuh_ ljLorh izdk'ku eafnj] bykgkckn] la-

laor~ 2000

(ii) flj ij ikx µ chtqjh dktj vk¡t jgh % Hkkjrh; KkuihB] la- 1969

(iii) igys gq, yky dksey ls µ ¸ ¸ ¸

(iv) esagnh ls rLohj [khap yh µ chloha lnh dk Js"B xhr lap;u %

laik- dUgS;kyky uanu] lkfgR; vdkneh] laLdj.k&2001

5- jkeèkkjh flag fnudj µ jf'ejFkh (iape lxZ) % mn;kpy] iVuk] laf{kIr laLdj.k

vkykspukRed iz'u % rhu %

lanHkZ lfgr O;k[;k % nks %

ikBka'k dk jpuk&dkS'ky&fo'ys"k.k % nks %

lgk;d xzaFk %

1- u”khj vdcjkcknh ds dkO; dk vkykspukRed vè;;u µ nkeksnj of'k"B 2- u”khj vdcjkcknh vkSj mudh fopkjèkkjk µ vCnqy vyhe 3- eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr % iquewZY;kadu µ MkW- uxsanz 4- eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr % dfo vkSj Hkkjrh; laLÑfr ds vk[;krk µ mekdkar xks;y 5- eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr % izklafxdrk ds var%lw=k µ Ñ".knÙk ikyhoky 6- t;'kadj izlkn µ uannqykjs oktis;h 7- t;'kadj izlkn µ izse'kadj 8- fujkyk dh lkfgR;&lkèkuk µ jkefoykl 'kekZ 9- vudgk fujkyk µ vkpk;Z tkudhoYyHk 'kkL=kh 10- dfo fujkyk µ uannqykjs oktis;h 11- fujkyk % vkRegark vkLFkk µ nwèkukFk flag 12- fujkyk dkO; dh Nfo;k¡ µ uanfd'kksj uoy 13- ek[kuyky prqosZnh µ ½f"k tSfeuh dkSf'kd 14- ;qxpkj.k fnudj µ lkfo=kh flUgk 15- jkeèkkjh flag fnudj µ fot;sanz ukjk;.k flag 16- LoNanrkoknh dkO;èkkjk µ izse'kadj 17- Nk;kokn µ ukeoj flag 18- Nk;kokn ds vkèkkj&LraHk µ xaxkizlkn ik.Ms; 19- =k;h (izlkn] fujkyk vkSj iar) µ vkpk;Z tkudhoYyHk 'kkL=kh 20- vkèkqfud fganh dfork esa fcac&foèkku dk fodkl µ dsnkjukFk flag 21- Nk;koknh dfo;ksa dk lkSan;Z&foèkku µ lw;Zizlkn nhf{kr

24

iz'ui=k&11 % lkekU; Hkk"kkfoKku vkSj fganh Hkk"kk

1- Hkk"kk vkSj Hkk"kkfoKku %

Hkk"kk dh ifjHkk"kk] Hkk"kk dh fo'ks"krk,¡] Hkk"kk&ifjorZu ds dkj.k] Hkk"kkfoKku dh ifjHkk"kk] Lo:i vkSj

vè;;u&i¼fr;k¡

2- LoufoKku (èofufoKku) vkSj LofuefoKku %

µ èofu vkSj Lou] Louksa (èofu;ksa) dk oxhZdj.k] Lou (èofu) ifjorZu ds dkj.k] fn'kk,¡

µ Lofue dh voèkkj.kk] Lofue vkSj laLou

3- :ifoKku %

:fie dh voèkkj.kk] :fie rFkk la:i] :fie ds izdkj] 'kCn vkSj in esa varj

4- okD;foKku %

okD; dk Lo:i] okD;&jpuk ds vkèkkj] okD; ds izdkj] okD; ds fudVre vo;o

5- vFkZfoKku %

'kCn vkSj vFkZ dk lacaèk] vFkZ&fu.kZ; ds lkèku] vFkZ&ifjorZu dh fn'kk,¡

6- fganh dh miHkk"kk,¡] cksfy;ksa dk lkekU; ifjp;

7- fganh dh Lofue&O;oLFkk %

(i) [kaM~; Lofue & Loj] O;atu (ii) [kaM~;srj Lofue & vuqukfldrk] ek=kk] cyk?kkr] vuqrku] lafgrk

8- Hkkjrh; ,oa ik'pkR; Hkk"kk&fparu %

Hkr`Zgfj] ikf.kfu] ckS¼ fpard

lkL;wj] pkWELdh] lihj

lgk;d xzaFk %

1- lkekU; Hkk"kkfoKku µ ckcwjke lDlsuk

2- Hkk"kkfoKku dh Hkwfedk µ nsosUnzukFk 'kekZ

3- Hkk"kkfoKku µ HkksykukFk frokjh

4- fganh Hkk"kk dk bfrgkl µ èkhjsUnz oekZ

5- fganh % mn~Hko] fodkl vkSj :i µ gjnso ckgjh

6- lkekU; Hkk"kkfoKku µ oS'uk ukjax

25

7- fganh Hkk"kk % bfrgkl vkSj Lo:i µ jktef.k 'kekZ

8- fganh Hkk"kk dk mn~xe vkSj fodkl µ mn;ukjk;.k frokjh

9- lajpukokn mÙkj lajpukokn ,oa izkP; dkO;'kkL=k µ xksihpan ukjax

26

iz'ui=k&12 % fganh miU;kl

ikBkèkkfjr vkSj vkykspukRed iz'uksa ds fy,

1- izzsepan µ deZHkwfe

2- o`ankouyky oekZ µ >k¡lh dh jkuh

3- m"kk fiz;aonk µ ipiu [kaHks yky nhokjsa

4- Hkh"e lkguh µ rel

nzqrikB

dsoy vkykspukRed iz'u iwNs tk,axsA

(rhu miU;klksa esa ls dksbZ nks miU;kl fuèkkZfjr fd, tk ldrs gSaA)

1- bykpanz tks'kh µ tgkt dk iaNh

2- Jhyky 'kqDy µ jkx njckjh

3- e`nqyk xxZ µ dBxqykc

lgk;d xzaFk %

1- fganh miU;kl ,d vUr;kZ=kk µ jkenj'k feJ

2- izsepan vkSj mudk ;qx µ jkefoykl 'kekZ

3- izsepan % ,d foospu µ banzukFk enku

4- miU;kl dk mn; µ b;ku okWV

5- miU;kl ds igyw µ bZ-,e- iQksLVZj

6- miU;kl vkSj yksdthou µ jkWYiQ iQkWDl

7- fofoèk izlax µ izsepan

8- dye dk flikgh µ ve`r jk;

9- dFkk foospuk vkSj x| f'kYi µ jkefoykl 'kekZ

10- vkLFkk vkSj lkSan;Z µ jkefoykl 'kekZ

11- nwljh ijaijk dh [kkst µ ukeoj flag

27

iz'ui=k&13

leorhZ ikB~;Øe & vuq’kklu dsfUnzr&1

28

lsesLVj&V

iz'ui=k&14 % fganh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl (vkèkqfud dky)

foosP; fcanq %

1- (d) eè;dkyhu vkSj vkèkqfud cksèk % laØe.k dh ,sfrgkfld ifjfLFkfr;k¡

([k) uotkxj.k vkSj Hkkjrsanq eaMy % eqnz.k dk vkjaHk vkSj mlds izHkko ls jpuk :iksa esa vk,

ifjorZu (fucaèk] ukVd] dfork] miU;kl] i=kdkfjrk vkfn ds fodkl dk vkdyu)

(x) cztHkk"kk cuke [kM+h cksyh fookn

(?k) egkohj izlkn f}osnh vkSj jk"Vªh; vkanksyu esa fganh dh Hkwfedk

2- (d) Lokèkhurk vkanksyu vkSj uotkxj.k&psruk ds fofoèk mRd"kZ % xk¡èkhokn vkSj uo&osnkarokn]

Nk;kokn] jgL;okn vkSj ;FkkFkZokn] mÙkj Nk;kokn

([k) izxfrokn] iz;ksxokn

(x) lkfgfR;d vkanksyu % ubZ dfork] vdfork] uoxhr] fganh x”ky

3- x| foèkkvksa dk fodkl % miU;kl] dgkuh] ukVd] ,dkadh] fucaèk] vkykspuk] js[kkfp=k] vkRedFkk]

thouh] fjiksrkZt vkfnA

lgk;d xzaFk %

1- fganh dk x| lkfgR; µ jkepanz frokjh 2- fganh x| foU;kl vkSj fodkl µ jkeLo:i prqosZnh 3- fganh okM-~e; & chloha 'krh µ MkW- uxsanz 4- Nk;koknksÙkj fganh x|&lkfgR; µ fo'oukFk izlkn frokjh 5- fganh fucaèk ds vkèkkj&LraHk µ gfjeksgu 6- vkèkqfud lkfgR; µ uannqykjs oktis;h 7- fganh lkfgR; % mn~Hko vkSj fodkl µ gtkjhizlkn f}osnh 8- fganh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl µ la- MkW- uxsanz 9- Hkkjrsanq vkSj fganh uotkxj.k dh leL;k,¡ µ jkefoykl 'kekZ 10- egkohj izlkn f}osnh vkSj fganh uotkxj.k µ jkefoykl 'kekZ 11- Nk;kokn µ ukeoj flag

29

12- Nk;kokn dh izklafxdrk µ jes'kpanz 'kkg 13- iYyo µ lqfe=kkuanu iar 14- izxfrokn µ f'kodqekj feJ 15- NBok¡ n'kd µ fot;nso ukjk;.k lkgh 16- fganh lkfgR; vkSj laosnuk dk fodkl µ jkeLo:i prqosZnh 17- lelkef;drk vkSj fganh dfork µ j?kqoa'k 18- vkèkqfud lkfgR; dh izo`fÙk;k¡ µ ukeoj flag 19- rkj lIrd vkSj nwljk lIrd dh Hkwfedk µ la- vKs; 20- fganh uoxhr % mn~Hko vkSj fodkl µ jktsanz xkSre 21- fganh x”ky dh fodkl&;k=kk µ Kkuizdk'k foosd 22- ledkyhu fganh dfork µ fo'oukFkizlkn frokjh

30

iz'ui=k&15 % vkèkqfud dfork&nks

ikB&lkexzh %

1- l- gh- ok- vKs; µ lkezkKh dk uSos| nku

eSaus ns[kk ,d cwan vKs; dkO; Lrcd] lafo|kfuokl feJ]

fgjksf'kek jes'kpanz 'kkg] lkfgR; vdkneh] fnYyh]

fdruh ukoksa esa fdruh ckj iz-la- 1995] iqueqZnz.k 2009

mUgksaus ?kj cuk,

dyxh cktjs dh

lksu eNyh

>jk iÙkk

2- Hkokuh izlkn feJ µ dkyt;h (fuokZ.k lxZ)

3- ukxktqZu µ Hkkjrh; tudfo dk iz.kke

nsoh fycVhZ

f[kpM+h foIyo ns[kk geus

Fkfdr pfdr Hkzfer HkXu eu ukxktqZu jpukoyh] la- 'kksHkkdkar

f'k[kjksa ij jktdey izdk'ku] fnYyh] 2003

vdky vkSj mlds ckn

dkfynkl

cgqr fnuksa ds ckn

4- uoxhr ,oa x”ky èkkjk

(d) 'kaHkqukFk flag µ ixMaMh % uoxhr v¼Z'krh] ijkx izdk'ku] fnYyh] 1986

ns'k gSa ge jktèkkuh ugha oDr dh ehukj ij] ijkx] fnYyh] 1986

ikl vkuk euk nwj tkuk euk

eu dk vkdk'k mM+k tk jgk

eq>dks D;k&D;k u feyk µ uoxhr n'kd&1] ijkx] fnYyh] 1982

31

([k) ohjsanz feJ µ tu&lkekU; dk ;q¼ fojksèkh xhr % >qylk gS Nk;kuV /wi esa] izkph izdk'ku]

fnYyh] 1980

ekfyuh olarh % vfojke py eèkqoarh] Hkkjrh; KkuihB] fnYyh] 1967

lekjksgh dykdkj ds izfr % >qylk gS Nk;kuV èkwi esa] izkph izdk'ku] fnYyh] 1967

isM+ dk oDrO; % varjky] fdrkc?kj] fnYyh] 2000

niZ.k gSa ge % >qylk gS Nk;kuV èkwi esa] izkph izdk'ku] fnYyh] 1980

(x) nq";ar dqekj µ xhr % fiQj fdlh us - - - nq";ar dqekj jpukoyh] la- fot;cgknqj

x”ky % ;s lkjk ftLe - - - flag] fdrkc?kj] fnYyh] f} 2007

dgka rks r; Fkk - - -

oks vkneh ugha gS - - -

ck<+ dh laHkkouk,¡ lkeus gSa------

5- lkBksÙkjh dfork èkkjk

(d) j?kqohj lgk; µ vjs vc ,slh dfork fy[ksa j?kqohj lgk; jpukoyh] la- lqjs'k

Vsyhfotu 'kekZ] jktdey izdk'ku] fnYyh] 2000

vkt dh dfork

fdys esa vkSjr

fganh

([k) èkwfey µ eksphjke % laln ls lM+d rd] jktdey izdk'ku] fnYyh] iz-l- 1972] r`-vk- 1980

(x) dsnkjukFk flag µ ikuh dh izkFkZuk rkyLrk; vkSj lkbfdy] jktdey izdk'ku]

phafV;ksa dh #ykbZ fnYyh] 2005

lM+d ij fn[k x, dfo f=kykspu

vkadqliqj vdky esa lkjl] jktdey izdk'ku

uke fnYyh] 1988

lgk;d xzaFk %

1- u;h dfork vkSj vfLrRookn µ jkefoykl 'kekZ

2- dfork ds u, izfreku µ ukeoj flag

3- dfork dh tehu vkSj tehu dh dfork µ ukeoj flag

4- vkèkqfud fganh dfork µ fo'oukFk frokjh

5- ledkyhu dfork dk ;FkkFkZ µ ijekuan JhokLro

6- ledkyhu fganh dfork µ johanz Hkzej

7- ledkyhurk vkSj lkfgR; µ jkts'k tks'kh

8- vkt dh dfork µ fou; fo'okl

32

9- vk/qfud dfork&;k=kk µ jkeLo:i prqosZnh

10- vKs; lkfgR; % iz;ksx vkSj ewY;kadu µ dsnkj 'kekZ

11- fganh uoxhr % mn~Hko vkSj fodkl µ jktsanz xkSre

12- fganh uoxhr dh fodkl&;k=kk µ ekèko dkSf'kd

13- fganh x”ky dh fodkl&;k=kk µ Kkuizdk'k foosd

14- u;h dfork vkSj mldk ewY;kadu µ lqjs'kpanz lgy

33

iz'ui=k&16 % fganh fucaèk vkSj vU; x| foèkk,¡

ikB&lkexzh

[k.M&,d (fucaèk)

1- ckyÑ".k HkV~V & tcku

2- izrkiukjk;.k feJ & HksfM+;kèklku

3- ckyeqoqaQn xqIr & f'ko'kaHkq ds fpV~Bs cuke ykMZ dtZu

4- egkohjizlkn f}osnh & dfo;ksa dh mfeZyk fo"k;d mnklhurk

[k.M&nks (fucaèk)

1- gtkjh izlkn f}osnh µ dqVt

2- jkepanz 'kqDy µ d#.kk

3- ljnkj iw.kZflag µ etnwjh vkSj izse

4- fo|kfuokl feJ µ reky ds >jks[ks ls

[k.M&rhu (laLej.k) 1- egknsoh oekZ µ HkfDru

2- uannqykjs oktis;h µ jRukdj

3- jkaxs; jk?ko µ vnE; thou

4- jkgqy lkaÑR;k;u µ vFkkrks ?kqeDdM+ ftKklk

[k.M&pkj (O;aX;)

1- gfj'kadj ijlkbZ µ Hkksykjke dk tho

2- 'kjn tks'kh µ gksuk dqN ugha dk

34

3- Jhyky 'kqDy µ vaxn dk ik¡o

4- euksgj';ke tks'kh µ vjs cukfgus ls rks cfugS ck;ksxzkiQh

[k.M&ik¡p (vkRedFkk) 1- vkRedFkk % jktsanz izlkn

2- nzqrikB % dksbZ ,d

(d) vkseizdk'k okYehfd µ twBu

([k) cPpu dh vkRedFkk (laf{kIr) µ vftr dqekj

(x) ikaMs; cspsu 'kekZ ^mxz* µ viuh [kcj

lgk;d xzaFk %

1- fganh x| % foU;kl vkSj fodkl µ jkeLo:i prqosZnh

2- fganh lkfgR; dh Hkwfedk µ y{ehlkxj ok".ksZ;

3- Hkkjrsanq ;qx µ jkefoykl 'kekZ

4- Nk;koknksÙkj fganh x| lkfgR; µ fo'oukFkizlkn frokjh

5- fganh dk x| lkfgR; µ jkepanz frokjh

6- fganh okM-~e; % chloha 'krkCnh µ MkW- uxsanz

7- vkèkqfud fganh x| lkfgR; µ gjn;ky

8- egknsoh dk x| lkfgR; µ ek[kuyky 'kekZ

9- fganh lkfgR; vkSj laosnuk dk fodkl µ jkeLo:i prqosZnh

10- fganh vkRedFkk % fl¼kar vkSj Lo:i&fo'ys"k.k µ fouhrk vxzoky

35

iz'ui=k&17 % fganh ukVd

ikBkèkkfjr vkSj vkykspukRed iz'uksa ds fy, %

(d)

1- Hkkjrsanq gfj'panz µ HkkjrnqnZ'kk

2- t;'kadj izlkn µ èkzqoLokfeuh

3- txnh'kpanz ekFkqj µ igyk jktk

4- ,dkadh % 1- jkedqekj oekZ µ pk#fe=kk

2- Hkqous'oj µ ';kek % ,d oSokfgd foMacuk

3- misanzukFk v'd µ lw[kh Mkyh

4- eksgu jkds'k µ vaMs ds fNyds

5- èkeZohj Hkkjrh µ uhyh >hy

6- fofiu dqekj vxzoky µ rhu vikfgt

7- lqjsanz oekZ µ uhan jkr Hkj D;ksa ugha vkrh

8- fo".kq izHkkdj µ oS".ko tu (èofu :id)

([k) nzqrikB (fdUgha nks ukVdksa ij vkèkkfjr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nsus gksaxsA)

1- y{ehukjk;.k feJ µ eqfDr dk jgL;

2- y{ehukjk;.k yky µ lR; gfj'panz

3- Lons'k nhid µ dksVZ ek'kZy

4- ehjk dkar µ usiF; jkx

lgk;d xazFk %

1- vkèkqfud fganh ukVd vkSj jaxeap µ usfepan tSu (laik-) 2- fganh ds izrhd ukVd & jes'k xkSre 3- ukVddkj Hkkjrsanq dh jax&ifjdYiuk µ lR;sanz rustk 4- fganh ukVd % ubZ ij[k µ jes'k xkSre (laik-) 5- izlkn ds ukVd % Lo:i vkSj lajpuk µ xksfoan pkrd 6- fganh ukVd dk vkRela?k"kZ µ fxjh'k jLrksxh 7- ubZ jaxpsruk vkSj fganh ukVddkj µ t;nso rustk 8- jaxkuqHko ds cgqjax µ jes'k xkSre 9- ,dkadh vkSj ,dkadhdkj µ jkepj.k egsasnz 10- fganh ,dkadh dh f'kYifofèk dk fodkl µ fl¼ukFk dqekj

36

lsesLVj&VI iz'ui=k&18 % jpukRed ys[ku 1 jpukRed ys[ku % voèkkj.kk] Lo:i ,oa fl¼kar]

Hkko ,oa fopkj dh jpuk eas :ikarj.k dh izfØ;k

fofoèk vfHkO;fDr&{ks=k % lkfgR;] i=kdkfjrk] foKkiu] fofoèk x| vfHkO;fDr;k¡

tuHkk"k.k vkSj yksdfiz; laLÑfr

ys[ku ds fofoèk :i % ekSf[kd&fyf[kr] x|&i|] dFkkRed&dFksrj] ukV~;&ikB~;]

ckyys[ku&izkS<+ys[ku] eqfnzr&bysDVªkWfud vkfn 2 d- jpukRed ys[ku % Hkk"kk&lanHkZ

vFkZ fufeZfr ds vkèkkj % 'kCnkFkZ&ehekalk] 'kCn ds izkd~&iz;ksx] uO;&iz;ksx] 'kCn dh

O;kdjf.kd dksfV

Hkk"kk dh Hkafxek,¡ % vkSipkfjd&vukSipkfjd] ekSf[kd&fyf[kr] ekud

Hkkf"kd lanHkZ % {ks=kh;] oxZ&lkis{k] lewg&lkis{k

[k- jpukRed ys[ku % jpuk&dkS'ky&fo'ys"k.k

jpuk&lkS"Bo % 'kCn&'kfDr] izrhd] fcac] vyadj.k vkSj oØrk,a 3 fofoèk foèkkvksa dh vkèkkjHkwr lajpukvksa dk O;kogkfjd vè;;u %

d- dfork % laosnuk] dkO;:i] Hkk"kk&lkS"Bo] Nan] y;] xfr vkSj rqd

[k- dFkklkfgR; % oLrq] ik=k] ifjos'k ,oa foe'kZ

x- ukV~;lkfgR; % oLrq] ik=k] ifjos'k ,oa jaxdeZ

?k- fofoèk x|&foèkk,¡ % fucaèk] laLej.k] O;aX; vkfn

M- ckylkfgR; dh vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk 4 lwpuk&ra=k ds fy, ys[ku

fizaV ekè;e % iQhpj&ys[ku] ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar] lk{kkRdkj] iqLrd&leh{kk vkfnA

bysDVªkWfud ekè;e % jsfM;ks] nwjn'kZu] fiQYe iVdFkk ys[ku] Vsyhfotu iVdFkk ys[ku 5 izdk'ku&ra=k % lkekU; ifjp;

iqLrd&izdk'ku] if=kdk&izdk'ku] izlkj.k&O;oLFkk

laiknu ,oa izwiQ&iBu

ys[kd&izdk'kd lacaèk

37

lgk;d xazFk % 1- lkfgR; fparu % jpukRed vk;ke µ j?kqoa'k

2- 'kSyh µ jkepanz feJ 3- jpukRed ys[ku µ la- jes'k xkSre 4- dyk dh t:jr µ vULVZ fiQ'kj] vuq- jes'k mikè;k; 5- u;s lkfgR; dk lkSan;Z'kkL=k µ eqfDrcksèk 6- lkfgR; dk lkSan;Zfparu µ johanzukFk JhokLro 7- l`tu'khyrk vkSj lksan;Zcksèk µ fu'kk vxzoky 8- dfork&jpuk&izfØ;k µ dqekj foey 9- ledkyhu dfork esa Nan µ vKs; 10- dfork ls lk{kkRdkj µ ey;t 11- dfork D;k gS µ fo'oukFkizlkn frokjh 12- ,d dfo dh uksVcqd µ jkts'k tks'kh 13- fganh lkfgR; dk Nanfoospu µ xkSjh'kadj feJ f}tsanz 14- vyadkj&èkkj.kk % fodkl vkSj fo'ys"k.k µ 'kksHkkdkar feJ 15- dkO;kFkZ fparu µ f'ko#nzIik 16- lkSan;Z ehekalk µ jk-Hkk- ikV.kdj 17- miU;kl dh lajpuk µ xksiky jk; 18- miU;kl l`tu dh leL;k,a µ 'ke'ksjflag u:yk 19- dkO;Hkk"kk ds fl¼kar µ egsanz eèkqdj 20- fganh dgkuh dk 'kSyh foKku µ cSdqaBukFk Bkdqj 21- dkO; ds rÙo µ nsosanzukFk 'kekZ 22- jaxn'kZu µ usfepanz tSu 23- varjax cgqjax µ nsosanzjkt vadqj 24- dFkk iVdFkk µ eUuw HkaMkjh 25- iVdFkk ys[ku µ euksgj';ke tks'kh 26- jsfM;ks ys[ku µ eèkqdj xaxkèkj 27- Vsyhfotu ys[ku µ vlxj otkgr] izHkkr jatu 28- jsfM;ks ukVd dh dyk µ fl¼ukFk dqekj 29- iQhpj ys[ku % Lo:i vkSj f'kYi µ euksgj izHkkdj 30- :id ys[ku µ c`tHkw"k.k flag 31- i=kdkjh ys[ku ds vk;ke µ euksgj izHkkdj 32- laokn fujarj µ uan Hkkj}kt 33- ltZd dk eu µ uanfd'kksj vkpk;Z 34- 'kCn&'kfDr foospu µ jkey[ku 'kqDy 35- jkbfVax fØ,fVo fiQD'ku µ ,p-vkj-,iQ- dhfVax

39

fodYi

uksV % fo|kFkhZ 19osa rFkk 20osa iz'ui=k ds :i esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d fodYi dk

pquko djsaxs %

fodYi % (d) Hkk"kk f'k{k.k vkSj fganh Hkk"kk

([k) vuqokn

(x) jaxeap

(?k) ehfM;k

(M-) Hkkjrh; lkfgR;

fodYi&d % Hkk"kk f'k{k.k ,oa fganh Hkk"kk

iz'ui=k&19 % fganh Hkk"kk dh lajpuk

1- fganh Hkk"kk dk Hkk"kkoSKkfud vkSj lkekftd lanHkZ

µ Hkk"kk fu;kstu % Hkk"kk dk ekudhdj.k

Hkk"kk dk vkèkqfudhdj.k

f=kHkk"kk iQkWewZyk

µ fganh dk tuinh;] jk"Vªh; vkSj varjjk"Vªh; lanHkZ

µ fganh Hkk"kk vkSj mldh {ks=kh; cksfy;k¡

µ fganh dh lkekftd 'kSfy;k¡ µ fganh] mnwZ] fganqLrkuh

2- fganh dh Lofue O;oLFkk vkSj orZuh

µ fganh Louksa (èofu;ksa) dk oxhZdj.k

µ fganh dh [kaM~;srj èofu;k¡ % cyk?kkr] lafgrk] vuqrku] vuqukfldrk

µ fganh dh vk{kfjd O;oLFkk

µ fganh orZuh dh vkèkkjHkwr leL;k,¡ vkSj lekèkku

3- fganh dh O;kdjf.kd O;oLFkk

µ 'kCn oxZ % laKk] loZuke] fo'ks"k.k] fØ;k

µ O;kdjf.kd dksfV;k¡ % fyax] opu] dky] dkjd

µ okD; O;oLFkk % lkèkkj.k] feJ vkSj la;qDr

40

4- 'kCn&HkaMkj vkSj vkFkhZ lajpuk

µ fganh dh vkèkkjHkwr 'kCnkoyh

µ 'kCnksa ds fofoèk lzksr µ rRle] rn~Hko] ns'kt rFkk fons'kh

µ fganh dh vkFkhZ lajpuk % vusdkFkhZ] i;kZ;okph] foykse] le:ih 'kCn

5- fganh O;kdj.k dh ijaijk

µ dsykWx] dkerk izlkn xq#] fd'kksjhnkl oktis;h ds fganh O;kdj.k rFkk mudh izeq[k

izo`fÙk;ksa dk laf{kIr ifjp;

lgk;d xzaFk %

1- fganh Hkk"kk dk bfrgkl µ èkhjsanz oekZ

2- fganh Hkk"kk dk mn~xe vkSj fodkl µ mn;ukjk;.k frokjh

3- fganh % mn~Hko fodkl vkSj :i µ gjnso ckgjh

4- fganh Hkk"kk % lajpuk ds fofoèk vk;ke µ johanzukFk JhokLro

5- fganh Hkk"kk % bfrgkl vkSj Lo:i µ jktef.k 'kekZ

6- fganh O;kdj.k µ dkerk izlkn xq#

7- fganh 'kCnkuq'kklu µ fd'kksjh nkl oktis;h

8- A Grammer of the Hindi Language ---- Kellog 9- Hindi Linguistics --- R.N. Shrivastava

41

iz'ui=k&20 % Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k

1- Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k ds lanHkZ

Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k dk jk"Vªh;] lkekftd] 'kSf{kd vkSj Hkkf"kd lanHkZ

2- Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k dh vkèkkjHkwr ladYiuk,¡

µ izFke Hkk"kk@ekr`Hkk"kk rFkk vU; Hkk"kk dh ladYiuk

µ vU; Hkk"kk ds varxZr f}rh; rFkk fons'kh Hkk"kk dh ladYiuk

µ ekr`Hkk"kk] f}rh; Hkk"kk vkSj fons'kh Hkk"kk ds f'k{k.k esa varj

µ lkekU; vkSj fof'k"V iz;kstu ds fy, Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k

3- Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k dh fofèk;k¡ %

µ Hkk"kk&dkS'ky µ Jo.k] Hkk"k.k] okpu] ys[kuA

µ Hkk"kk dk dkS'ky ds :i esa f'k{k.k_ Hkk"kk&dkS'kyksa ds fodkl dh rduhd vkSj vH;kl

µ vU; Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k dh izeq[k fofèk;k¡ % O;kdj.k&vuqokn&fofèk] izR;{k fofèk] ekSf[kd

okrkZyki&fofèk] lajpukRed fofèk] f}Hkkf"kd f'k{k.k&fofèk

4- fganh f'k{k.k %

µ fganh dk ekr`Hkk"kk ds :i esa f'k{k.k % Ldwyh f'k{kk] mPp f'k{kk] nwjLFk f'k{kk] rduhdh rFkk

fof'k"V iz;kstu lanfHkZr f'k{kk

µ f}rh; Hkk"kk ds :i esa ltkrh; vkSj fotkrh; Hkk"kk oxks± ds lanHkZ esa fganh f'k{k.k

µ fons'kh Hkk"kk ds :i esa Hkkjr rFkk fons'kksa esa fganh f'k{k.k

5- Hkk"kk&ijh{k.k vkSj ewY;kadu

µ Hkk"kk&ijh{k.k vkSj ewY;kadu dh ladYiuk

µ Hkk"kk&ijh{k.k ds izdkj

µ ewY;kaadu ds izdkj

lgk;d xzaFk %

1- Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k µ johanzukFk JhokLro

2- vU; Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k ds dqN i{k µ la- vej cgknqj flag

3- Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k rFkk Hkk"kkfoKku µ (la-) czts'oj oekZ

4- Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k µ y{ehukjk;.k 'kekZ

5- fganh f'k{k.k % varjjk"Vªh; ifjizs{; (la-) lrh'k dqekj jksgjk] lwjtHkku flag

6- fganh Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k µ HkksykukFk frokjh

7- vuqiz;qDr Hkk"kkfoKku µ (la-) johanzukFk JhokLro] HkksykukFk frokjh] Ñ".kdqekj xksLokeh

8- Focus Group Papers on Teaching of Indian Languages : NCERT, 2005

42

fodYi&[k % vuqokn

iz'ui=k&19 % vuqokn vkSj rRdky Hkk"kkarj.k (,d)

1 Hkkjr dk Hkk"kk;h ifjn`';

Hkkjr dh izèkku Hkk"kk,¡

Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa jktHkk"kk lacaèkh izkoèkku vkSj vuqlwfpr Hkk"kk,¡] jktHkk"kk dh voèkkj.kk

Hkkjr esa vaxzs”kh µ varfoZjksèkksa dk Lo:i foospu µ dksM feJ.k

f}Hkkf"kdrk ,oa cgqHkkf"kdrk

cgqHkk"kk&Hkk"kh Hkkjrh; lekt vkSj ikjLifjd cksèkxE;rk dk iz'u

vuqokn dh Hkwfedk

Hkk"kk vkSj lekt] Hkk"kk vkSj laLÑfr

2

vuqokn vkSj rRdky Hkk"kkarj.k µ rkRi;Z fu.kZ;] izÑfrxr ,oa izfofèkxr varj

vuqokn dk O;kolkf;d ifjn`'; % vuqokn lacaèkh laLFkk,¡ vkSj muds dk;Z] vuqoknd in dh vgZrk,¡]

vuqokndk;Z esa izdk'kukfèkdkj µ Lo:i vkSj leL;k,¡

ewy ys[ku vkSj vuqokn µ ltZukRedrk dk iz'u

vuqokn lkexzh µ fofoèk :i vkSj vfHkO;fDr dk oSf'k"V~;

d- ltZukRed lkfgR;

[k- Kku&foKku dk lkfgR;

x- rduhdh lkfgR;

?k- lwpukijd lkfgR;

Hkkf"kd iz;qfDr;k¡ vkSj mudh 'kSyhxr fofoèkrk,¡

rRdky Hkk"kkarj.k µ Lo:i] izo`fÙk ,oa izfofèk

3

vuqokn ds midj.k µ dks'k xzaFk_ vuqokn vkSj dEI;wVj&;kaf=kd vuqokn] ;kaf=kd vuqokn dh 'kfDr

vkSj lhek

vuqokn vkSj dks'k] fganh esa dks'kdk;Z] dks'k lajpuk] 'kCn&lalkj vkSj 'kCn laLdkj] vFkZ Nfo;k¡] fganh

ds izeq[k dks'kxazFk

43

dks'kksa ds fofoèk :i %

d- Kku dks'k (fo'odks'k)

[k- 'kCndks'k

x- laLÑfrdks'k

?k- lekUrj dks'k

M- mPpkj.k dks'k

p- ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCndks'k

N- izrhd dks'k

vuqokn esa fyI;arj.k dk egRo] fyI;arj.k ds fl¼kar

vH;kl µ fofoèk dks'kksa ds iz;ksx dk vH;kl] 'kCnKku] lekud 'kCn] ,d 'kCn ds vusd vFkZ]

'kCn&fuekZ.k] 'kCnksa dk O;kdjf.kd Lo:i

4

vuqokn ds lksiku µ Hkkf"kd fo'ys"k.k] Hkk"kkUrj.k] iqujh{k.k] laiknu

Hkkf"kd bdkb;k¡ µ èofu&'kCn&in&okD;&izksfDr

Hkkf"kd {kerk vkSj Hkkf"kd n{krk

'kCn dh vFkZ ifjfèk vkSj vFkZ Nfo;k¡

lzksrHkk"kk vkSj y{;Hkk"kk µ lS¼kafrd varj] ys[kd] vuqoknd&ikBd 5

Hkk"kkUrj.k dh voèkkj.kk µ dF; vkSj vfHkO;fDr

Hkk"kk fo'ys"k.k dh i¼fr;k¡ vkSj O;frjsdh fo'ys"k.k] vaxzs”kh&fganh O;frjsdh fo'ys"k.k

ikBèkfeZrk] Hkk"kk&laLÑfr] ltZukRedrk] 'kSyh oSf'k"V~;

lerqY;rk dk fl¼kar

vuuqok|rk

e`qgkojs vkSj yksdksfDr;ksa dk vuqokn

lgk;d xzaFk %

1- MkW- uxsanz µ vuqokn foKku

2- jkekyq jsM~Mh µ vuqokn ds fl¼kar

3- gsepanz ikaMs µ vuqokn (O;ogkj ls fl¼kar dh vksj)

4- gfj ckcw daly µ dk;kZy; iznhfidk

5- fot;dqekj eYgks=kk µ dEI;wVj ds Hkkf"kd vuqiz;ksx

6- lqjs'k flagy µ l`tukRed lkfgR; dk vuqokn

44

7- uohu panz lgxy µ dkO;kuqokn % fl¼kar vkSj leL;k,¡

8- foeys'k dkafr oekZ (la-) µ dks'k fo'ks"kkad] Hkkjrh; vuqokn ifj"kn~] ubZ fnYyh 9. NIDA, E – The Theory & Practice of Translation 10. NIDA, E – Language, Structure & Translation 11. Baker, Mona – Routledge Encyclopaedia of Translation 12. House, Juliance – Translation Evaluation 13. Wilks, Vorick – Machine Translation : Its Scope & Limits 14. Baker, H. – Translation & Interpreting 15. Mossop, B – Revising and Editing for translators 16. Munday, J – Introducing Translation Studies : Theories and Applications 17. Munday, J – The Roultledge Companion to Translation Studies 18. Raghubir – Comprehensive English-Hindi Dictionary 19. R.S. Mc Gregor – Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary 20. Hardeo Bahari – English-Hindi Dictionary

45

iz'ui=k&20 % vuqokn ,oa rRdky Hkk"kkUrj.k&nks

1

lkfgfR;d vuqokn µ Lo:i vkSj leL;k,¡

l`tu'khyrk vkSj vuqokn

dkO;kuqokn dh Hkk"kk&Hkkoxr tfVyrk

ukVd dk vuqokn

vH;kl µ lkfgfR;d vuqokn

2

d- Kku&foKku dk lkfgR; µ Lo:i vkSj izÑfr

ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh µ ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCn fuekZ.k ds fl¼kar

µ O;kdjf.kd foèkku

[k- dk;kZy;h vuqokn] fofèkd lkfgR; dk vuqokn vkSj foKkiu dk vuqokn&Lo:i] izÑfr vkSj

leL;k,¡

vH;kl µ 1- Kku&foKku ds lkfgR; dk vuqokn

2- iz'kklfud vuqokn

3- foKkiu dk vuqokn

3

iqujh{k.k dh voèkkj.kk % iqujh{k.k vkSj ewY;kadu

iqujh{k.k dh izfofèk

iqujh{k.k vH;kl 4

vuqokn vkSj ikBd] iBuh;rk dk lanHkZ

vuqokn laiknu µ izfofèk

Hkk"kk vkSj fyfi dk ekudhdj.k] fyI;arj.k dh fofèk;k¡] Hkkf"kd lajpuk ,oa Hkk"kk O;ogkjxr

fof'k"Vrk,¡

46

ekudhÑr nsoukxjh orZuh

laiknu vH;kl µ fofoèk fo"k;ksa ls vuqoknksa dk laiknu

5

vuqokn ewY;kadu dh voèkkj.kk] vko';drk

ewY;kadu ds izfreku

ewY;kadu dh izfofèk

,d jpuk ds fofoèk vuqoknksa dk lkisf{kd ewY;kadu

ewY;kadu vH;kl %

d- lkfgfR;d jpuk

[k- rduhdh jpuk

x- foKkiu

?k- fofèkd lkfgR;

lgk;d xzaFk %

1- MkW- uxsanz µ vuqokn foKku

2- jkekyq jsM~Mh µ vuqokn ds fl¼kar

3- gsepanz ikaMs µ vuqokn (O;ogkj ls fl¼kar dh vksj)

4- gfj ckcw daly µ dk;kZy; iznhfidk

5- fot;dqekj eYgks=kk µ dEI;wVj ds Hkkf"kd vuqiz;ksx

6- lqjs'k flagy µ l`tukRed lkfgR; dk vuqokn

7- uohu panz lgxy µ dkO;kuqokn % fl¼kar vkSj leL;k,¡

8- foeys'k dkafr oekZ (la-) µ dks'k fo'ks"kkad 9. NIDA, E – The Theory & Practice of Translation 10. NIDA, E – Language Structure & Translation 11. Baker, Mona – Routledge Encyclopaedia of Translation 12. House, Juliance – Translation Evaluation 13. Wilks, Vorick – Machine Translation : Its Scope & Limits 14. Baker, H. – Translation & Interpreting 15. Mossop, B – Revising and Editing for translatiors 16. Munday, J – Introducing Translation Studies : Theories and Applications 17. Munday, J – The Roultledge Companion to Translation Studies 18. Raghubir – Comprehensive English-Hindi Dictionary 19. R.S. Mc Gregor – Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary 20. Hardeo Bahari – English-Hindi Dictionary

47

fodYi&x % jaxeap

iz'ui=k&19 % jaxeap fl¼kar % Hkkjrh; ,oa ik'pkR;

1- (d) izkphu Hkkjrh; ukV~;:i µ :id] mi:id rFkk buds Hksn (lkekU; ifjp;)

([k) vkèkqfud Hkkjrh; ukV~;:i µ ,dkadh] dkO; ukVd] jsfM;ks ukVd ,oa uqDdM+

ukVd] VsyhfiQYe vkSj èkkjkokfgd (lkekU; ifjp;)

2- if'peh ukV~;Hksn µ =kklnh] dkenh] esyksMªkek ,oa iQklZ (lkekU; ifjp;)

3- ukVd ds lanHkZ esa Hkjreqfu ds jl&fl¼kar ,oa vjLrq ds fojspu&fl¼kar

dk fof'k"V vè;;u

4- ukVd dh foèkkxr fof'k"Vrk] ukV~;rÙo (Hkkjrh; ,oa ik'pkR;)] ukVd vkSj jaxeap dk var%lacaèk]

n`'; vkSj JO; rÙoksa dk lek;kstu rFkk ukV~;kuqHkwfr vkSj jaxkuqHkwfr

5- jaxdeZ % ukVddkj] funsZ'kd] vfHkusrk] ik'oZdeZ

lgk;d xazFk %

1- jaxeap µ cyoar xkxhZ

2- jaxeap dyk vkSj n`f"V µ xksfoan pkrd

3- jaxn'kZu µ usfepan tSu

4- jaxeap ns[kuk vkSj tkuuk µ y{ehukjk;.k yky

5- Hkjr vkSj Hkkjrh; ukV~;dyk µ lqjsanzukFk nhf{kr

6- ukV~;'kkL=k fo'odks"k µ jkèkkoYyHk f=kikBh

7- jaxdeZ µ ohjsanz ukjk;.k

8- jax&LFkkiR; µ ,p-oh- 'kekZ

9- Hkkjrh; vkSj ik'pkR; jaxeap µ lhrkjke prqosZnh

48

iz'ui=k&20 % fganh jaxeap

1- (d) ikjaifjd jaxeap

(jkeyhyk] jklyhyk] ukSVadh] fcnsfl;k] ekp] [;ky] Lokax dk lkekU; ifjp;)

([k) izkphu Hkkjrh; izn'kZu&ijaijk vkSj vkèkqfud jaxeap

2- fganh ukVd dh fodkl&;k=kk

(d) Lora=krkiwoZ % ikjlh fFk,Vj] Hkkjrsanq ;qxhu jaxeap] i`Foh fFk,Vj rFkk bIVk

([k) Lokra=;ksÙkj fganh jaxeap % jax izf'k{k.k ,oa jax xfrfofèk;k¡] jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky;]

jaxeaMy Hkkjr Hkou] Hkksiky] Hkkjrsanq ukV~; vdkneh] y[kumQ

3- vkèkqfud fganh jaxeap dh fofoèk 'kSfy;k¡ % 'kSyhc¼ (LVkbykb”M)] ;FkkFkZoknh] ,ClMZ rFkk

yksd&'kSyh

4- izeq[k jax O;fDrRo vkSj mudh jaxn`f"V % ';kekuan tkyku] lR;nso nqcs] bczkfge vYdkth]

c-o- dkjar] gchc ruohj] y[kehpan ,oa fHk[kkjh Bkdqj

5- fdlh izLrqfr (gky gh esa izLrqr) dh jaxeaph; leh{kk

lgk;d xzaFk %

1- ikjaifjd Hkkjrh; jaxeap µ dfiyk okRL;k;u

2- ijaijk'khy ukV~; µ txnh'kpanz ekFkqj

3- Hkkjrh; jaxeap dk foospukRed bfrgkl µ vKkr

4- ikjlh fganh jaxeap µ y{ehukjk;.k yky

5- ukV~;lezkV i`Fohjkt diwj µ tkudh oYyHk 'kkL=kh

6- vkèkqfud fganh ukVd vkSj jaxeap µ y{ehukjk;.k yky

7- ledkyhu fganh ukVd vkSj jaxeap µ ujsanz eksgu

8- igyk jax µ nsosanz jkt vadqj

9- vkèkqfud fganh ukVd vkSj jaxeap µ usfepan tSu

10- fHk[kkjh Bkdqj % Hkkstiqjh ds Hkkjrsanq µ Hkxor izlkn f}osnh

11- daVsEizjh bafM;u fFk,Vj % baVjO;q”k fon IysjkbV~l ,.M Mk;jsDVlZ µ laxhr ukVd vdkneh

12- fFk,VlZ vkWo bafMisaMsal µ vi.kkZ HkkxZo èkkjokMdj

49

fodYi&?k % ehfM;k

iz'ui=k&19 % ehfM;k&I voèkkj.kkewyd

1- tulapkj dh voèkkj.kk] izfØ;k] :i vkSj izHkko % nSfud i=k dh lekpkj fuekZ.k izfØ;k]

jsfM;ks dk;ZØe fuekZ.k ,oa izlkj.k izfØ;k] Vh-oh- dk;ZØe fuekZ.k izlkj.k izfØ;k] fiQYe fuekZ.k

dh izfØ;k] baVjusV CykWfxax i=kdkfjrk dh izfØ;k (izeq[k i=k&if=kdkvksa & jsfM;ks] Vh-oh- pSuyksa]

fiQYeksa ds mnkgj.k dk lanHkZ visf{kr)

2- i=kdkfjrk dk fodkl&lqèkkjoknh i=kdkfjrk % iwoZ xkaèkh ;qx] xkaèkh ;qx] vktknh ds ckn dh

i=kdkfjrk

O;kolkf;d i=kdkfjrk] fganh i=kdkfjrk dh ledkyhu pqukSfr;k¡

3- (d) fizafVax izsl dk fodkl&ledkyhu eqnz.k dyk ds :i&daI;wVj] rduhd vkèkkfjr

ist esfdax vkfn

([k) ;wuhdksM] ist esfdax] fizafVax] fMtkbfuax&i`"B lTtk] esdvi] ys&vkmV] iQksVks vkfn

4- ledkyhu ehfM;k [email protected] izfØ;k ds vk;ke

5- ehfM;k vkSj ledkyhu fofèkd O;oLFkk,a %

µ vkpkj lafgrk ds loky

µ izlkjHkkjrh

µ dscy ,DV

µ foKkiu lacaèkh O;oLFkk,¡ 20 vad

lgk;d xzaFk %

1- fganh i=kdkfjrk µ Ñ".kfcgkjh feJ

2- fganh i=kdkfjrk dk vkykspukRed bfrgkl µ jes'k oqQekj tSu

3- fganh i=kdkfjrk % fofoèk vk;ke µ osnizrki oSfnd

4- lekpkji=k vkSj laiknu dyk µ vfEcdknÙk oktis;h

5- fganh i=kdkfjrk µ jes'kpUnz f=kikBh

6- Vsyhfotu % fl¼kar vkSj Vsduhd µ eFkqjknÙk 'kekZ

7- tuekè;e vkSj ekl dYpj µ txnh'oj prqosZnh

8- jsfM;ks okrkZ f'kYi µ fl¼ukFk oqQekj

9- nwjn'kZu dh Hkwfedk µ lqèkh'k ipkSjh

50

iz'ui=k&20 % ehfM;k&II voèkkj.kk ,oa O;ogkjewyd

1- (d) ys[ku ds ewyHkwr fl¼kar] Hkk"kk iz;ksx] fofoèk lapkj ekè;eksa ds fy, ys[ku ds izdkj

([k) lapkj ekè;eksa ds fy, ltZukRed ys[ku dh f'kYifofèk & Lo:i vkSj fodkl (fl¼kar]

rduhd vkSj izdkj] f'kYi] fo"k;oLrq)

2- fizaV ehfM;k ds fy, ys[ku % lekpkj] laikndh; ys[ku] iQhpj] okrkZ] ukVd] dgkuh]

foKkiu] lk{kkRdkj] [ksy] cPpksa] fdlkuksa] efgykvksa] O;kikj vkfn ds dk;ZØeksa ds fy,

ys[ku 3- jsfM;ks ds fy, ys[ku % lekpkj] fjiksfV±x] iQhpj] okrkZ] ifjppkZ] iVdFkk] laokn ys[ku ,oa ukVd]

èofu:id] dgkuh] foKkiu] [ksy] desaVªh] cPpksa] fdlkuksa] efgykvksa] O;olk; vkfn ds dk;ZØeksa ds

fy, ys[ku 4- Vsyhfotu ds fy, ys[ku % fyf[kr fLØIV dk n`';hdj.k] n`';ys[k dh fof'k"Vrk,¡]

HksaVokrkZ] ukVd] èkkjkokfgd] VsyhfiQYe] foKkiu] lk{kkRdkj vkfn 5- flusek ds fy, ys[ku ds Lo:i % iQhpj fiQYe dh iVdFkk] MkWD;wesaVªh dh iVdFkk

lgk;d xzaFk %

1- jsfM;ks ys[ku µ eèkqdj xaxkèkj

2- Hkkjr ehfM;k & 2000 µ Hkkjr ljdkj izdk'ku laLFkku

3- lapkj vkSj fodkl µ ';kekpj.k nqcs

4- tuekè;e vkSj ekldYpj µ txnh'oj prqosZnh

5- Mass Communication in developing societies – Wilber Chem. 6- Understanding Media – Marshal Mechalo Hom.

51

fodYi&Ä % Hkkjrh; lkfgR;

iz'ui=k&19 % Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dh laf{kIr :ijs[kk

1

Hkkjrh; vfLerk dk Lo:i % HkkSxksfyd] Hkkf"kd vkSj lkaLÑfrd

Hkkjr dh HkkSxksfyd] Hkkf"kd vkSj lkaLÑfrd fofoèkrk

fofoèkrk esa ,drk ds var%lw=k % Hkk"kk] laLÑfr vkSj lkfgR; dk varLlacaèk

Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dh ladYiuk] Hkkjrh; lkfgR; ds vkèkkj&rÙo

Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dk lkekfld Lo:i

2

Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dk ifjp;

oSfnd lkfgR;] ykSfdd laLÑr lkfgR;

ikfy] izkÑr ,oa viHkza'k lkfgR;

izkphu rfey lkfgR;

3

Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dk lkekU; ifjp;

vkèkqfudrk&iwoZ Hkkjrh; lkfgR; % rfey] dUuM+] rsyqxq] ey;kye] ejkBh] xqtjkrh] ckaXyk] mfM+;k]

vlfe;k] ef.kiqjh] mnwZ] iatkch] d'ehjh] fganh

4

Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dk lkekU; ifjp;

vkèkqfud Hkkjrh; lkfgR;

5

Hkkjrh; lkfgR; ds izeq[k vkanksyu

HkfDr vkanksyu

uotkxj.k ,oa jk"Vªh; vkanksyu

Lokèkhurk vkanksyu

Lokra=;ksÙkj Hkkjrh; lkfgR;

mÙkj vkèkqfud lanHkZ

52

lgk;d xzaFk %

1- vkt dk Hkkjrh; lkfgR; µ izHkkdj ekpos

2- oSfnd laLÑfr dk fodkl µ rdZrhFkZ y{e.k 'kkL=kh

3- Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dk lesfdr bfrgkl µ MkW- uxsanz

4- Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dks'k µ MkW- uxsanz

5- Hkk"kk] lkfgR; vkSj laLÑfr µ la- foeys'kdkafr oekZ

6- ckaXyk lkfgR; dk bfrgkl µ lqdqekj lsu] vuq- fueZyk tSu

7- ey;kye lkfgR; dk bfrgkl µ ih-ds- ijes'oju uk;j

8- dUuM+ lkfgR; dk bfrgkl µ ,l- eqxyh

9- rfey lkfgR; dk bfrgkl µ eq- ojnjktu

10- lkfgR; vdkneh }kjk Hkkjrh; ys[kdksa ij cuh lh-Mh-

11- mnwZ Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; µ fiQjkd xksj[kiqjh

12- Hkkjrh; lkfgR; µ fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; dk izdk'ku

13- Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds lkfgR; dk :in'kZu µ xkSjh'kadj iaM~;k

14- vf[ky Hkkjrh; lkfgR; % fofoèk vk;ke µ la- lrh'kdqekj jsgjk

15- Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk lkfgR; µ foHkwfr feJ

53

iz'ui=k&20 % Hkkjrh; lkfgR; % ikBijd vè;;u

1

okYehfd µ ^lIri.kkZ* esa egknsoh oekZ Ñr vuqokn

dkfynkl µ ^mÙkjes?k* ls nl 'yksd] Hkxor'kj.k mikè;k;@ukxktqZu&Ñr vuqokn

^xkFkk lIr'krh* 10 xkFkk,¡

2

ukenso µ lkfgR; vdkneh }kjk izdkf'kr ^fganh Kkus'ojh* ls] vkyokj i| 'kadjnso dh jpuk,¡ eè;dkyhu rsyqxq dfo oseuk µ lkfgR; vdkneh

3 yy |n µ Hkk"kk] lkfgR; vkSj laLÑfr µ foeys'k dkafr oekZ

okfjl 'kkg dh ghj dk ,d va'k xkfyc dh x”kysa

4

johanzukFk VSxksj xhrkatyh ds dqN va'k lkfgR; vdkneh ds ^lap;u* ls

lqczg~e.;e Hkkjrh dh dfork,¡ µ lkfgR; vdkneh

oYyrksy dh dfork,¡ % lkfgR; vdkneh

5

miU;kl&va'k % f'kokth lkoar Ñr ^e`R;qat;* ls

thouh&va'k % ukjk;.k nslkbZ Ñr ^vfXudqaM esa f[kyk xqykc*

µ egknso HkkbZ dh thouh

ukVd % g;onu % fxjh'k dukZM

dgkuh % dksad.kh dgkuh rFkk ef.kiqjh dgkuh

uksV % bdkbZ&1 ls bdkbZ&5 rd ds ikBksa dk fuèkkZj.k foHkkx }kjk fd;k tk,xkA lgk;d xzaFk %

1- vkt dk Hkkjrh; lkfgR; µ izHkkdj ekpos

2- oSfnd laLÑfr dk fodkl µ rdZrhFkZ y{e.k 'kkL=kh

3- Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dk lesfdr bfrgkl µ MkW- uxsanz

54

4- Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dks'k µ MkW- uxsanz

5- Hkk"kk] lkfgR; vkSj laLÑfr µ la- foeys'kdkafr oekZ

6- ckaXyk lkfgR; dk bfrgkl µ lqdqekj lsu] vuq- fueZyk tSu

7- ey;kye lkfgR; dk bfrgkl µ ih-ds- ijes'oju uk;j

8- dUuM+ lkfgR; dk bfrgkl µ ,l- eqxyh

9- rfey lkfgR; dk bfrgkl µ eq- ojnjktu

10- lkfgR; vdkneh }kjk Hkkjrh; ys[kdksa ij cuh lh-Mh-

11- mnwZ Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; µ fiQjkd xksj[kiqjh

12- Hkkjrh; lkfgR; µ fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; dk izdk'ku

13- Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds lkfgR; dk :in'kZu µ xkSjh'kadj iaM~;k

14- vf[ky Hkkjrh; lkfgR; % fofoèk vk;ke µ la- lrh'kdqekj jsgjk

55

iz'ui=k&21

leorhZ ikB~;Øe & vuq’kklu dsfUnzr&2

ch-,- (vkwulz) fganh lseslvj ldhe tqykbz] 2011 ls...

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