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Slide 1

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Slide 3

Unified Modeling Language,Version 2.0

Chapter 2

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Slide 4

Objectives

Understand the basic characteristicsof object-oriented systems.

Be familiar with the UnifiedModeling Language (UML), Version2.0.

Be familiar with the Unified Process.

Understand a minimalist approachto object-oriented systems analysisand design.

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Slide 5

Basic Characteristics ofObject Oriented Systems

Classes and Objects

Methods and Messages

Encapsulation and InformationHiding

Inheritance

Polymorphism and DynamicBinding

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Slide 6

PROJECT INITIATION

Chapter 3

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Slide 7

Key Ideas

Project initiation begins whensomeone sees an opportunityto create business value fromusing information technology.

Feasibility analysis is used toaid in the decision of whether ornot to proceed with the ISproject.

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Slide 8

Key Ideas

The project sponsor is a key personproposing development or adoptionof the new information technology . Many organizations keep on eye on

emerging technology

As a first mover

The approval committee reviewsproposals from various groups andunits in the organization anddecides which to commit to

developing.

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Slide 9

IDENTIFYING BUSINESSVALUE

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Slide 10

System Request

It is a document that describes thebusiness reasons for building asystem and the value to provide.

Lists key elements of the project Project name

Project sponsor

Business need Functionality

Expected value

Special issues or constraints

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Slide 11

Elements of the System RequestForm

Project sponsorThe person who initiates the project Members of the Finance Dept, IT Manager,

CIO, Vice President of Marketing

Business NeedThe business-related reason forinitiating the system Increase sales Improve market share Improve customer service Decrease product defects

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Slide 12

Cont

Functionality

The capabilities that the system willprovide

Provide online access Produce management report

Capture customer demographic information

Expected Value

The benefits that the system will create forthe organization

3 percent increase in sales

1 percent increase in market share

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Slide 13

Cont

Special IssuesIssues that are relevant to theimplementation of the system andcommittee make decisions aboutthe projectSystem needed in time for the

Christmas holiday seasonGovernment-mandated deadline forMay 30.

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Slide 14

Your Turn

If you were building a web-based system for course

enrollment --What would be the functionality?

What would be the expected

value?What special issues or constraintswould you foresee?

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Slide 15

FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS

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Slide 16

Feasibility Analysis

Once the need for the system andits business requirements havebeen defined feasibility analysis

Detailing Expected Costs andBenefits Technical feasibility

Economic feasibility

Organizational feasibility

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Slide 17

Technical Feasibility:Can We Build It?

Familiarity with applicationKnowledge of business domain If analysts are unfamiliar with the business

application area, they have a greater chance ofmisunderstanding the users or missingopportunities for improvement.

Familiarity with technology

Extension of existing firm technologies

Project sizeNumber of people, time, and features

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Slide 18

Economic FeasibilityShouldWe Build It?

Development costs

Annual operational costs

Annual benefits

Intangible costs and benefit

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Slide 19

Steps to Conducts EconomicFeasibility

Identify Costs and Benefits

Assign Values to Costs and Benefits

Determine Cash FlowDetermine Net Present Value

Determine Return on Investment

Calculate Break-Even PointGraph Break-Even Point

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Slide 20

Expected Value

Costs Benefits

Tangible

Intangible

***

*

**

***

*

**

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Slide 21

Cash Flow Method forCost Benefit Analysis

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Slide 22

Total (benefits - costs)

Return on InvestmentCalculation

Total costs

RETURN ON INVESTMENT EQUALS

Divided by

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Slide 23

Net Present ValueCalculation

(1 + interest rate)n

Some amount of money

PRESENT VALUE EQUALS

Divided by

Where n equals the number of periods

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Slide 24

Organizational FeasibilityIf we build it, will they come?

There are two ways to assess:

How well the goal of the project alignwith business objectives

Strategic alignment

Stakeholder analysis

Project champion(s)

A high-level non-IS executive who created thesystem request.

Organizational management

System users

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Slide 25

SummaryProject initiation involves creating andassessing goals and expectations for a newsystem

Identifying the business value of the new

project is a key to success

The system request describes an overview ofthe proposed system.

The feasibility study is concerned withinsuring that technical, economic, andorganizational benefits outweigh costs andrisks

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Slide 26

Expanding the Domain

For an excellent source ofinformation on IT management

see:www.cio.com