chanh niem giang bang ngon ngu thong thuong

7/21/2019 Chanh Niem Giang Bang Ngon Ngu Thong Thuong

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Thin S

Henepola Gunaratana

ThinPht Gio

Chnh Nim(ging bng ngn ng thng thng)

Ngidch:

L Kim Kha

NH XUT BN HNG C


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Cho m, ba, v anh, ch, em.


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Knh tng cc Tng, Ni khoa ThinHc vin Pht gio Vn Hnh

Nguyn cho cng c Php th ny c hi hngn nhng ngi thn quyn v tt c chng sinh .


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(Bn Anh ng: Beyond Mindfulness in plain English).Ngi dch gi bn quyn bn dch ny. Quyn sch ny c ngi dchin v ntng min ph cho cc Pht t, khng c in hoc sao bn, trkhi c s ng (vi mc ch philinhun) ca ngi dch.

Lin h gp hoc nhn sch n tng:Tel: 0909503993

email:[email protected]

*Nhng bn in 2013 bi Nxb Tng Hp Tp.HCM l nhng bn in cnhiu li sai, khng c chp nhn n tng, v khng c phpbn.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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V quyn sch ny

c Pht nhn mnh thin, hay s tu dng tm(bhavana) l con ng dn n s gic ng v gii thotnh l mc tiu rt ro ca o Pht.

V cng c v mc tiu tu thin chnh l s ch tm tnhgic m chng ta hay gi l chnh nim. Chnh niml tt c.Khng c chnh nim, hay khng tu tp c kh nng chnh

nim, th khng c g thin c.

Thin s ngi Tch Lan Bhante Gunaratana ging giiv schnh nim (nh ngha, nguyn l, thc hnh v phttrin) nh mt cng c khng th thiu c i vi bt kthin sinh no.

Thin nh (samatha), nh mt cng c h tr song songcho thin chnh nim, cng c ging gii xen k trong quynsch ny (v cng c ging gii ring trong hai quyn schkhc)bi cng v thin s thng thi.

Nu bn mun bt u hc thin v ang mun tm hiu vtu tp thin chnh nim ckhai ging v ht lng khuynkhch bi chnh c Pht lch s, th chc hnbn nn bt u

tm hiu, hc v thc hnh v s chnh nim. Thin t bt ucho n khi tu tin n nhng chng ng cao su no khc cngnh c s chnh nim v kh nng chnh nim.

Ni nh vy cng c ngha v mt tu hnh, chnh nim liu quan trng nht, l cng c quan trng nht, v cng lmc tiu quan trng nht ca thin. Chnh nim c c

chnh nim, c c trnh chnh nim.

Cng theo nh li ca v thin sny, cc bn hay cc thinsinh c th c quyn sch ny trc hoc cng lc vi quyn


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"Bn Nn Tng Chnh Nim-ging bng ngn ng thngthng". Khi bn c s hiu bit v chnh nimthng qua

li ging dy gin d v d hiu ca thin s, bn c th bt ubc vo thc tp trn nhng i tng hay nn tng chnhnim m c Pht thuyt ging trong bi kinh quan trngnht v thin, l kinh "Bn Nn Tng Chnh Nim". Tuynhin, v chnh niml va l cng c v va l mc tiu tutp da trn cc nn tng i tng , cho nn c l bn s cnc i c li nhiu ln quyn sch ni ring v chnh nim

ny.

Theo thin ca ngi dch, nu bn c nhng ging giibng ngn ng thng thng (phi thut ng) ny ca thin sBhante Gunaratana hiu v thin, chnh nim, chnh nh,v bn nn tng chnh nim, th bn s c kh nng hiu mtcch d dng hn v nhng ging lun v kinh vn truyn thng

khc v nhng ti ny.

y cng l quyn sch hng dn v s chnh nimcc v c khen ngi nhiu nhtbi gii hc thut v tu hnhtheo Pht gio Nguyn thy qua hn 20 nm k t ngy nc pht hnh ln u tin.

c v thc hnh thnh cng quyn sch ny, ngi dch

xin c bn yu cu i vi c gi, v s ch li ca qu v:

1. Ti c gng dch ng v chnh xc mi ng ngha vvn phong ca thin s tc gi.Quyn sch rt gi tr ny cdch vi tm nim v cng c hi hng cho nhiu ngithn yuv chng sinh khut mt. Ti dch nhngquyn schny cho nhng ngi thn yu nht c v thc hnh, cho

nhng tu s, thin sinh, sinh vin cc trng Pht hc, cho ccbn, vc bit cho chnh bn thn mnhc v thc hnh.


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Nu bn khng c s tin tng vo mt quyn sch nongay t u, th bn khng cn c n, v iu chng mang

li kt qu g.

2. Hy tin hc v thin s ny.Ngi l mt bc chn tu mth gii nhng ngi tu tp v hc thut rt knh trng. Ti bitnhng ngi nu chachng c nhng tng thin cao su hoccha bc vo Nhp Lu ca con ng thnh o, th h skhng vit sch thc hnh ch dy ngi khc; v nu lm

iu khng ng n, h s b dnh danh vo tm v t lm tnthng lng t bi ca mt ngi tu hnhgii thot.

3. Cc hc gi khuyn rng bn nn c t t. y l schdy thc hnh, khng phi dy v l thuytt chng.

3.Nhng du chm, phy, gch ngang, ngoc n, kp...uc vit mt cch c bi tc gi cc c gi d nm bt

ngha hnqua ngn ng thng thng. Nhng gii thch trongngoc vung [...] l ca tc gi. Nhng t ng ngha trongngoc [...] l ca ngi dch.Nhng gii thch trong ngoc (...)v nhng ch thchl ca ngi dch.

4. Bn nn th thc tp ngay nhng li dy trong sch.V d, bn c th bt utp ngay cc t-th ngi, tp ngay s

bung-b cc ngh, qu kh v tng lai, tp s ch tm vohi-th... t mnh bit c nhng li hng dn l d hiu

v mang li kt qu.

Nh nhiu bnh lun, y l nhng hng dn d hiu vtrc ch nhtv thy ny. Mt li r gn gng v tit kim in con ng dn n nhng mc tiu tu hnh.

Nh B, ma ma Kit H 2012

L Kim Kha


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Ni Dung

V quyn sch ny

Li Ni u (ca tc gi)

Li Ni u (ln ti bn 2012)

Dn Nhp (ca tc gi)

1. Thin: Ti Sao Phi Bn Tm

2. Nhng G Khng Phi L Thin?

3. Thin L G?

4. Thi Thin

5. S Thc Hnh

6. Nhng Vic Cn Lm Vi Thn

7. Nhng Vic Cn Lm Vi Tm

8. Thit K Vic Thin Tp Mt Cch Bi Bn9. Thit Lp Nhng Bi Tp Thin

10. Nhng Kh Khn Khi Thin Tp

11. i Tr S Xao Lng I

12. i Tr S Xao Lng II

13. Chnh Nim (Sati)

14. Chnh Nim & Chnh nh

15. Thin Trong i Sng Mi Ngy16. Thin: C G Trong Cho Bn?

Li Bt: Sc Mnh Ca Tm T


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LiNi u(dnh cho cc thin sinh)

Theo kinh nghim ca ti, ti nhn ra rng cch hiu qu nht lm cho ngi khc hiu mt iu g l dng nhngngn t gin d nht. Tng t, ti cng hc c rng nuging dy m cng dng nhng t ng nghim cch th sging dy cng t hiu qu hn. Ngi ta thng khng thchng c vi nhng ngn t nghim cch cng nhc, c bit

l khi chng ta c ging by nhng iu m h cha tng ngn trong i h. Thin c v i vi h nh l mt ci g kh m lm c. Ngy cng c nhiu ngi chuyn qua thintp,h cn nhiu hng dn gin d, d hiu, h c th tthc hnh nhng khi khng c ngi thy hng dn. Quynsch ny c vit v yu cu ca nhiu thin sinh, h cn mtquyn sch n gin hng dn bng th ngn ng thng

thngm chng ta nghe, niv t duyhng ngy.

Khi chun b quyn sch ny, ti c gip bi nhiubn hu. Ti bit n tt c h mt cch su sc. c bit timun li bit chn thnh v su sc nht i vi o huJohnPatticord, Daniel J. Olmsted, Matthew Flickstein, Carol

Flickstein, Patrick Hamilton, Genny Hamilton, Bill Mayne, T

kheongPhmJotika v T kheo Sona v nhng gi v phbnh qu gi v nhiu im trong quyn sch ny.Cng nh nNi S Sama v Chris O'Keefe tr gip trong vic xut bn.

Bhante Gunaratana


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Li Ni u(cho ln ti bn 2012)

(Li ni u ca n bn mi 2012 dnh cho nhiu itng c gi hin i. y cng l n bn k nim 20

nm ca quyn sch).

Theo kinh nghim ca ti, ti nhn ra rng cch hiuqu nht lm cho ngi khc hiu mt iu g l dng

nhng ngn t gin d nht. Tng t, ti cng hc crng nu ging dy m cng dng nhng t ng nghim

cch th s ging dy cng t hiu qu hn, khng linhng i vi s tri nghim khc nhau ca con ngi. Ai

cn nhng gp nhng ngn t nghim cch v cng nhc?.c bit, khi hc hi ci g mi, ngi ta thng khng

thch ng c vi nhng ngn t nghim cch, c bit lkhi chng ta c ging by nhng iu m h cha tngng n trong i h. Nu c ging lun theo ngn ng

hn lm, th s lm cho thin, s thc hnh 'chnh nim',c v l mt ci g kh m lm c i vi h. Quyn

sch ny trnh by cch gii ta cho kh khn !. y l

mt quyn sch c vit mt cch thng thn, trc dinbng ngn ng m chng ta s dng hng ngy bn stm thy trong nhng trang sch ny nhng hng dn

phong ph bn bt u t khm ph sc mnh ca schnh nim trong i sng, v nhng li ch m n mang

li cho bn thn mnh. Ti vit quyn sch ny v nhiu syu cu ca nhiu thin sinh. Bn c th thy y l mt

cm nang hu ch bn t mnh thc hnh thin, khikhng c mt ngi thy hay ngi ch dn nhiu kinh

nghim.


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Trong 20 nm k t ln u tin quyn sch nyc n hnh bi Wisdom Publications (mt nh n hnh

sch phi li nhun), chng ti nhn thy c s 'ChnhNim' nh hng ngy cng nhiu trong nhng lnh vc

ca x hi hin i vn ha, tm l tr liu, ngh thut,yoga, y hc, v khoa hc v no ang c pht trin. V

ngy cng c nhiu ngi tm n phng php chnhnim v nhiu l do gim stress; ci thin sc khe th

cht v tm thn; pht huy thm hiu qu, k nng vnhng mi quan h, trong cng vic, v trong sut i

sng ca h.

V ti hy vng rng, v bt cl do no a bn nvi quyn sch ny, hay a quyn sch ny n vi

bn, bn s tm thy nhng gi hng dn r rng

bc i trn con ng mang li nhiu li lc nht chocc bn.

Bhante Gunaratana


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DN NHP

Ch ca quyn sch ny l vic thc hnh ThinMinh St (vipassana). Xin lp li: thc hnh. y l mt

cm nang v thin, mt sch hng dntng bc v thinqun tr tu minh st, hay thin tu. N nghing v thc

hnh. N dng thc hnh.

C rt nhiu sch v m phm v trit l Pht gio, vvit v mng l thuytca thin Pht gio.Nu bn thchc nhng sch , chng ti khuyn khch bn nn c.

Nhiu sch trong s rt hay. Cn quyn sch ny lvCch thc hnh. N c vit cho nhng ai thc s

mun thin tp v c bit cho nhng ngi mun bt u

tp thin t by gi. M v rt nhiuquc gia khc vncn c rt t ngi thy chuyn tt v thin Pht gio. nh ca chng ti l mang li cho c gi nhng thng tin

cn bn cc bn bt u mt cch suns. Ch c nhngai lm theo nhng s hng dn ny mi c th ni c

rng quyn sch ca chng ti l thnh cng hay khng.Ch c nhng ai thc s thin tp mt cch u n v

sing nng mi c th nh gi n lc ca chng ti trongquyn sch ny. Khng c quyn sch no c th bao trm

ht tt c v tngmivn m mt thin sinh c th gpphi. Sau ny bn s cn c mt ngi thy chuyn tt.Trong lc ny, tuy nhin, c nhng nguyn tc cn bn lmnn tng; s thng hiu ht nhng trang hng dn ny s

mang bn i c mt qung ng rt di.


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C nhiu kiu thin. Mi truyn thng tn gio ln thc mt s bi bn m h gi l thin, v t thinny

c s dng mt cch lng lo, ty tin. Bn nn bitrng tp sch ny ch bn ring v phng thc Thin

Minh St (Vipassana), vn c thc hnh t xa nnay trong dng Pht gio Nam Truyn Nam v ng

Nam .N thng c dch l Thin Tr Tu Sng Suthay Thin Minh St hay Thin Tu, (ting Anh dch l

Insight meditation),bi v mc ch ca phng thc thinny l mang li cho thin sinhtr tu sng sut nhn vo

bn cht t nhin ca thc ti, v s hiu bit chnh xccch m mi s vn hnh.

Pht gio ni chung l khc vi nhng tn gio thn

hc vn rt quen thuc vi ngi phng Ty. Pht gio lmt li vo trc tip nhng cnh gii tm linh siu xut m

khng cn phi thnh nguyn thn linh hay nhng nghin thn ca h. Mi v ca n thc s nh kiu y khoa

thc hnh, n ging nh tm l hc hn l mt tngio m n thng hay b gi. Thin Pht gio l mt s

i khm ph lin tc v thc ti, mt s xem xt tinh vi

nh knh hin vitng mi qu trnh nhn thc.Mc tiuca n l ko b bc mn gi di v si m m thng qua chng ta v ang nhn th gii mt cch m lm; v

lm l ra ci thc ti rt ro, ci thc ng nh n l.Thin Minh Stl mt phng thc thin c xa v thanh

nh lm ch mi vic .

Pht gio Nguyn thy (Theravada) trnh by cho

chng ta mt h thng hu dng gip chng ta khm ph


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nhng mc thm su hn ca tm, n tn gc r cacn thc. N cng a ra mt h thng quan trng bao

gm nhng n np tn nghimv nghi thc, cha ng cnhng k thut thin ny. Truyn thng tt p ny lkt

qu t nhin ca hn 2.500 nm pht trin trong nhng nnvn ha giu tnh truyn tha ca Nam v ng Nam .

Trong tp sch ny, chng ti s c gng lt b phn

trang tr bn ngoi khi phn ct li v ch trnh by l thttrn tri v gin dca n [thin]. Nhng c gi no c

khuynh hng thin v nghi thc bi bn th c l nn tmhiu phn thc hnh Pht gio Theravada c vit trong

nhng quyn sch khc, v s tm thy rt nhiunhng tp tc v quy cch l nghi, mt truyn thnggiu

v p v ngha.

Nhng ai nghing v thc hnh c th ch dng nhngk thut ny m thi, v p dng chng vo bt k tnh

hung trit l hay xc cm no h mun p dng. Thchnh chnh l iu quan trng.

S khc bit gia Thin Minh St(vipassana) v nhngkiu thin khc l rt quan trng v cn phi c thnghiu r rng. o Pht c hai dng thin chnh. Chng l

hai k nng-v-tm, hai cch vn hnh, hay bn cht khcnhau ca tm thc. Trong ting Pali, ngn ng gc ca

kinh vn Pht gio Nguyn thy Theravada, hai kiu thin

c gi Thin Minh St (Vipassana) v Thin nh(Samatha).


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Vipassanac th c dch l tr tu sng sut, stnh gic, s bit r chnh xc cch mt s vt angdin ra

ng nh n din ra. (V d nh thy mt tri r nh n lkhi bu tri khng c my che). Samatha c th c

dch l s tp trung hay s tnh lng, mchng ta quen gi l nh (HV). l trng thi tm c a

n ngng ngh, chnhm vo mt i tng m thi, vkhng cho lng xng na. Khi lm c iu ny, thn

v tm s c an tnh, l mt trng thi tnh lng mbn phi t lm t cm nhn mi hiu c.Hu ht cc

phi thin u nhn mnh phn Thin nh (Samatha).Ngi thin tp tp trung tm ca mnhvo mt i tng

no , chng hn mt cu ch, mt ci hpngno ,mt bi tng kinh, mt ngn nn, mt tranh tng th hay

bt c ci g, v loi b tt c ngh v nhn thc khc rakhi tm thc. Kt qu s l mt trng thi tm h lc ko

di cho n khi ngi thin ht phin ngi thin. Trngthi p, y vui sng, c ngha v li cun, nhng

ch l tm thi.

Thin Minh St (Vipassana) th nhm vo phn khc,

l tr tu sng sut.Ngi hnh Thin Minh St thdng s tp trung tm[nh]nh l mt cng c nh vo thin sinh gt mng dn bc tng v minh vn lm

che khut nh sng sinh ng ca thc ti. l mt qutrnh t t tng dn s ch tm vo nhng s vn hnh bn

trong ca thc ti. Thng phi mt nhiu nm thng,

nhng n mt ngy thin sinh c th qua mt c bctng v nhy vo nh sng hin tin.S chuyn ha

c hon thnh. c gi l s gii thot, v n l


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vnh hng, (khng cn l v thng na). Gii thot l mctiu ca mi phng cch thc hnh trong o Pht.

Nhng nhng con ng i n mc tiu cui cng thrt khc nhau.

C rt nhiu tng phi khc bit nhau trong Pht gio.

Tuy nhin, tt c chng c th c phn loi thnh haitrng phi chnh l Pht gio i tha v Pht gio

Nguyn thy. i tha (Mahayana) pht trin nhiu ng , gp phn to nn vn ha cc x nh Trung

Quc, Triu Tin, Nht Bn, Nepal, Ty Tng v VitNam. Mt h thin ph bin nht ca i tha l Thin

Tng (Zen), c thc hnh ch yu Nht Bn, TrungQuc, Vit Nam v Hoa K. H thng Pht gio Nguyn

thy (Theravada) th chim u th Nam v ng Nam cc x Tch Lan, Thi Lan, Min in, Lo v

Campuchia. Quyn sch ny ging by v h thc hnh caPht gio Nguyn thy (Theravada).

Kinh vn Pht gio Nguyn thy Theravada, (tc

trng phi Trng Lo B c truyn tha t hn 2.500

trc), m t nhng k thut ca c Thin nh v ThinMinh St. Xin ni li nh (samatha) l s tp trung v tnhlng ca tm, v minh st (vipassana) l tr tu hay s ch

tm chnh nim sng sut. C bn mi ch [ mc]thin khc nhau c ghi li trong kinh in Pali. Chng

c a ra lm cc i tng cho vic nh tm (trong

thin nh) v cng lm cc ch cho vic qun st dn n tr tu sng sut (trong Thin Minh St). Nhng

quyn schbn ang cm l mt cm nang hng dn cn


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bn, v v vy chng ta ch tho lun v mt i tng cnbn v nn tng nht trong bn mi i tng ni trn

l "Hi Th". y l quyn sch gii thiu cch tc s chnh nim bng s ch tmthun khitv thc

r rng vo ton b tin trnh hi th vora. Bng cch sdng hi th nh l mc tiu chnh ca s ch tm, thin

sinh thm nhp vo s quan st trn vn th gii theo nhnthc ca mnh. Thin sinh hc (cch) qun st nhng thay

i xy ra trong ton b nhng tri nghim v thn, qunst nhng cm gic v nhng nhn thc. Thin sinh hc

(cch) xem xtnhng hot ng ca tm v nhng bin iln xungv tnhchtca chnh tm thc. Tt c mi s

bin i ny lun din rakhng ngngv lun lun c mttrong tng khong khc tri nghim ca chng ta.

Thin l mt hnh vi sng, l sinh hot, mt hnh vi

vnthuc v tri nghim. (Khc vi hnh vi nh nghe hc hiu bit ch khng phi tri nghim). N khng

th no c ging dy nh l mt mn hc gio khoa.Tri tim sng ca qu trnh (thc hnh) phi i t chnh

kinh nghim c nhn ca ngi thy (ch khng phi t

ni dung trong sch gio khoa). Tuy vy, cng vn crt nhiu th mc cc sch ging lun v ch thin ny.

Nhng sch vn l sn phm ca nhng ngi thng

minh nht v hng bin nht tng bc i trn tri tny. Nhngsch ny ng c ch v nghin cu.Hu

ht nhng lun im c a vo trong quyn sch ny

c trch t Tam Tng Kinh Pali (Tipitaka), l kho tnggm ba phn gio l nguyn thy ca c Pht c

bo tn. Tam Tng Kinh Pali gm c Lut tng (Vinaya) l


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gii lut dnh cho Tng Ni v Pht t ti gia; Kinh tng(Sutta) l nhng bi thuyt ging v hng dn ca c

Pht; v Vi Diu Php tng (Abhidhamma) l phn nhnggio l cao hc v tm linh v trit hcca Pht gio.

Vo thk I sau Cng nguyn, mt hc gi Pht gio

li lc tn Upatissa (HV: u-b--tu) vit quyn sch"Vimuttimagga" (Con ng Gii Thot/ Gii Thot o

Lun) trong ngi tm lc li nhng li dy ca c Pht v thin. (y c xem nh l mt lun n cng phu

rt gi tr). n th k th V sau Cng nguyn, mt hcgi Pht gio v i khc l ngi Buddhaghosa (HV: Pht

m) cng bao gm ti thin ca c Pht tronglun n hn lm th hai l "Visuddhimagga" (Con ng

Thanh Lc/ Thanh Tnh oLun), n tr thnh kinh vntiu chun v ti thin cho n tn hm nay. Nhng s

thy thi hin i th ging by da vo Ba Tng Kinh(Tipitaka) v da vo kinh nghim c nhn ca chnh

mnh. nh ca chng ti l trnh by bng nhng hngdn r rng nht v ngn gn nht v Thin Minh St

(Vipassana) thng qua th ngn ngthng thng, gin d.

Nhng quyn sch ny ch lt my vin u tinngay trc ca nh bn. Cn mi vic ty thuc vo bn

c chu bc nhng bc i u tin theo con ng khm ph c mnh l ai v tt c mi s l c ngha g.

l mt hnh trnh ng thc hin. Chng ti cu chc

bn thnh cng.

Bhante Gunaratana


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Chng 1

Thin: Ti Sao Phi Bn Tm?

Thin khng phi l d dng. N cn c thi gian vcng sc. N cn s can m, quyt tm v k lut. N cn

mt s nhng phm cht c nhn m chng ta thng chol kh chu v chng ta mun trnh n chng bt c lc

no c th. Chng ta c th tm tt trong mt t kiu M l'ngh lc' hay s 'dm ngh dm lm' (gumption). Thin cn

ngh lc. Chc chn s d dng v d chu hn nu bngang v quay sang coi TV. Vy ti sao phi bn tm lm

g? Ti sao phi tn tt c thi gian v sc lc trong khi

bn c th i chi hng th? Ti sao li bn tmn n?.n gin l nh vy. Bi v bn l mt con ngi, bnnhn ra rng bn l ngi tha k lnh mi s bt toi

nguyn tt nhin trong cuc i. M s bt toi nguyn s khng bin mt. Bn c th trn p n ra khi tmthc

trong mt lc no . Bn c th lm mnh xao lng khi

n, ch tm vo ch khc trong vi gi, nhng n s lunlun quay li thng vo nhng lc bn t ng n. Rit nhin, nh hon ton bt ng, bn ngi dy, , v

nhn ra c ci thc trng ch thc ca mnh trong cuci ny.

l bn, v bn bng nhin nhn ra bn ang sngc mt i ch eo ui theo n mt cch cht vt. Bn

ra v b ngoi khng sao. Bn tm cch xoay s giiquyt nhu cu cm o go tin hng ngy v b ngoi t


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ra OK, khng c vn g. Nhng trong nhng khongthi gian tuyt vng , nhng lc bn cm thy mi th

ang gm nhm bn bn ch bit m chu m thi.Bn l mt m hnn.V bn bit vy. Nhng bn che

du n mt cch ti tnh. Cng lc, khi ang chn nn v ltht, bn cht ngh chc hn phi c cch sng khc

sng, c cchnhnkhc tt hn nhn th gii cuc i,c cch no khc tip xc vi s sng mt cch trn vn

hn. Ri i lc no bn cng tnh c tm c cch.Bn tm c cng vic tt. Bnbit yu. Bn thng cuc

hay trng s. V khi , mi s khc i. Cuc sng datrn mt s giu c v s sng sa xua tan i nhng

khong i kh khn v v v. Ton b np tri nghimca bn thay i v bn t nh rng: "Ok, ti lm

c; by gi ti hnh phc". Nhng ri nhng hnhphc cng phai nht dn, nh ln khi bay trong gi

chiu. Bn ch cn li mt k c vy , v mt thcm h rng: c iu g khng n......

Bn cm gic rng cuc sng chc thc s vncnmt

cnh gii khc ca chiu su v cm nhn, nhng bi do

th no m bn cha thy c. Chnh v bn cha thyc, cho nn bn c cm gic b chia ct. Bn cm gic bc lp, khng cn cm nhn ci cm gic mm mi m p

ca ging gm nm bng. Bn khng cn tip xc thcs vi cuc sng. Bn khng cn lm c (cuc sng)

na ri. V ri ci thc m h phai i, v bn s quay

v li vi thc trng y ht nh trc kia.Th gii cuc itrng ging nh mt ni v v, lm chn chng, ngaongn. N ging nh mt chuyn xe cm xc, v bn c b


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nhiu thi gian loanh quanh di chn i, khao kht cln nhng nh o cao rng.

Vy th ci g khng n i vi bn? Bn c in khng

khng? Khng. Bn ch l con ngi. V bn ang chucng cn bnh m loi ngi cng ang chu. Cnbnh

nh mt con qui vt nm bn trong mi chng ta, v nc nhiu tay, nh vi bch tuc, nh l: S cng thng

thng xuyn, s thiu lng thng mn tht s dnh chongi khck c nhng ngi thn thuc nht, cm gic b

bt ngb tc, v s cht tr v tnh cm. Rt nhiu, rtnhiu tay. Khng ai trong chng ta thot c n hon

ton. Chng ta c th t chi n. Chng ta c trn p n.Chng ta xy mt nn vn minh bao bc chng ta trn

trnh khi n, gi v nh n khng c mt, v hng sbn tm ca chng ta vo nhng mc tiu, toan tnh v

danh phn phm trn. Nhng n chng bao gi b i. Nlun hng hu v ngm ngm trong tng ngh v tng

cm nhnca ta; mt ging ni khng li c vang vng tpha sau u: "Cha . Phi c thm. Phi lm tt hn.

Phi tt hn na". l con qui vt, mt con qui vt

lun lun hin th mi lc mi ni di nhng hnh thctinh xo.

Bn n mt bui tic. Lng nghe nhng ting cinigin gi, cho thy rng nim vui sng th trn b ni,

cn ni s st th nm ngay bn di. Cm gic s cng

thng, cm gic p lc. Khng ai thc s thanh thn. Hang gi to ngoi mt. Bn n mt trn banh. Quan

st c ng vin trn khn i. Thy nhng nm m


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dng oai v duyn v l. Nhn s bt mn bc tc v snhn nho c tnh di ci nhn mc l nhit thnh c v

tinh thn i banh. S la ht, h hut chm chc v ci thidng oai ta y mt cch mt kim ch di ci danh

ngha c ng vin trung thnhcai banh.Ung say, rinh p u nhau trn khn i. C nhng ngi mun

gii ta nhng cng thng t bn trong. H khng phi lnhng ngi bnh an vi chnh mnh. Coi tin tc trn TV.

Lng nghe li ca ca nhng bi ht quen thuc. Bn sthy nhng ch ging nhau cc ht i ht li nhiu

ln bng nhiu bin tu khc nhau. Quanh i qun li cngch l nhng ch nh s ghen hn,tht tnh, s kh au,

s chn chng, b tt, stress...

Cuc sng dng nh l mt cuc u tranh khngngng, l mt cuc n lc phi thng chng ch vi s

tht o le ca kip ngi (l khng bao gi c s hnhphc no hay s tha mn no l bn lu v khng phaibin). V gii php no cho chng ta i din vi tt c sbt toi nguyn ny? Chng ta thng mc kt hi chng

"c g". c g ti c thm nhiu tin, th ti s c

hnh phc. c g ti c th tm c ngi yu thngmnh, c g ti xung bt 10 k (kg), c g ti c TVmu p, mt bn mt-xa nc, v mi tc xon, v vn

vn..., mi mi. Vy th tt c ci hi chng c gxutpht t u?, v quan trng hn, chng ta phi lm g v

hi chng n?N xut pht t nhng iu kin (ty duyn)

ca tm chng ta. N l nhng thiquen ca tm [tp kh]rt tinh t v thm ngm t rt lu, ging nh ch tht

gt dy thng m chng ta tht tng nt, tng nt ...v


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by gi khi cn phi tho g, chng ta cng phi tho gtng tht gt, tng gtmt....vy.Chng ta c th tp trung

sch tm, tho g tng ci v em ra nh sng. Chng tac th lm cho ci v thc tr thnh thc, s khng ch

tm tr thnh s ch tm, chm ri...tng ci mt.

Bn cht ca s tri nghim [s sng] ca chng ta ls thay i. S thay i l lin tc. Trong tng khong

khc, s sng tri qua v khng c lc no n ging lcno ht. (S sng hai thi khc tch v tc cng khc

nhau). S thay i bt tn l bn cht ca th gii bt tn.Mt ngh khi sinh trong u bn, sau na giy n

bin mt. Ri tm khclikhi sinh, ri cng bin mt.Mt m thanhchm vo tai v ri im lng.M mt ra, th

gian a vo, v nhm mt li n bin mt. Ngi n trongi mnh, ri h li ra i. Bn b i, ngi thn i. Vn i

lc ln, vn i lc xung. i lc bn c, cng nhnhiu lc bn mt. N lin tc vy: thay i, thay i, thay

i.Cha bao gi c hai khonh khc no ging nhau.

Khng c g sai triv l tht ny c. l bn cht t

nhin ca vtr. Nhng vn minh con ngi dy chngta ng x khng ng mc v dng chy bt tn ny.Chng ta phn loi nhng tri nghim. Chng ta c c dn

nhn s nhn thc [tng]cata cho mi tri nghim, mis thay i ca tm trong dng chy bt tn thnh ba

loi. Chng ta to ra ba ci hp1dn nhn l tt, xu, v

trung tnh. Ri sau , theo ta nhn thc theo khun kh

1Khi nim n d ba ci 'hp' dn nhn 'tt, xu v trung tnh' c nhc litrong Chng 16.


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thi quen nh vy. Mt nhn thc no c dn nhn ltt, chng ta ng bng (c nh) thi gian lun

gi n li2, khng b mt n. Chng ta chp th vo ngh ring bit , chng ta thch n, chng ta khoi n,

chng ta m gi n, khng mun nphai bin hay mt i.Nhng khi khng th no gi c, chng ta li c tm

cch lp li ci tri nghim to ra ci nhn thc tt .iu c gi l thi quen nm gica tm [tham

dc, tham chp].

Bn pha khc ca tm l ci hp dn nhn xu. Khichng ta tri nghim iu g to ra nhn thc xu, chng

ta c xua y n i. Chng ta t chi n, khng chp nhnn, loi b n bng mi cch c th. Chng ta khng c,

chng i vi tri nghim . Chng ta chy trn khitng mnh thn tmca chnh chng ta.iu gi l

thi quen chi b ca tm[sngin, c ].

Nm gia hai loi phn ng ny l nhn thc trungtnh. Trung tnh l khng phi tt cng khng phi xu .

N l trung gian, l tr, khng sng cng khng kh,

khng lm vui cng khng gy phin no. Chng ta nggi ct loi ny vo trong hp trung tnh v khng cnquan tm n n, v ta quay li ch tm vo nhng hnh

ngvci vng bt tn ca nhng Tham v Sn. Loi tringhim ny khng c ch tm bng hai loi tt v

xu kia. iu ny gi l thi quen lm ng ca tm[si

m, ngu m].

2Khi nim n d ng bng thi gian ny bn c th c li khi c phn"i thin" chng 15.


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Kt qu ca nhng thi in r ny ging nh mt

cuc chy trn my chy b chng chy n u. Khngngng chy theo khoi cm, khng ngng chy trn kh

au, khng ngng b l 90 phn trm nhng tri nghimca chng ta.Ri ta t hi, sao cuc i ny bun t n

nh vy?. Cui cng suy gm li mi bit thi sng nhvy l khng ng. Ci kiu dn nhn suy lun cc tri

nghim nh vy l khng n.

D cho bn c n lc cch my chy theo khoi lcv thnh t, th cng c nhiu lc bn khng lm c.

Cho d bn chy trn nhanh cch my, th cng c nhiulc au kh s bt kp bn. V gia nhng s ln khoi

lc v au kh , cuc sng tht l v v nhm chn nni ta ch mun ht ln. Tm tr ca chng ta cha y

nhng kin v thnh kin (y nhng tt v xu, khenv ch, ny v n...). Chng ta xy nhng bc tng xung

quanh ta v t nht mnh trong ngc t ca nhng ci thchv khng thch, thng v ght, khen v ch, i v

i...do chnh chng ta t ra. Cho nn chng ta kh.

Kh l mt ch ln trong t tng Pht gio. lmt thut ng trng yu v n nn c hiu bit mt cch

tng tn. (Khng phi ch hiu bit qua khi nim s si).Ting Pali l dukkhav n khng phi ch c ngha l au

kh hay au n v thn xc. N mang ngha su sc v

tinh t hn v s bt toi nguyn. S bt toi nguyn lmt phn ca cuc chy v ch trn my chy b ca tm

chng ta. Bn cht ca s sng l kh, nh c Pht


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ni. Mi nghe, ch kh nghe c v ch mang ton musc bnh hon v bi t. Thm ch nghe nh ngi ta ni

sai vy. Rt cuc, c bao nhiu ln chng ta c hnhphc?. C khng?. Khng, khng c. C l l nh vy.

Hy th ly mt lc m bn cm thy tht s mn nguynv xem xt k v n. Bn di nim vui sng, bn s thy

mt lung chy ngm ngm tinh t ca s cng thng, rngcho d giy pht mn nguyn c cao p n u th n

cng n lc kt thc. D bn c va hng lc c nnhiu nh th no, bn cng s nhanh chng mt i mt

phn, hocphi sut ngy canh gi n, v toan tnh lmsao c c n nhiu hn. V cui cng bn cng phi

cht. Cui cng, bn cng mt tt c. Mi th u gi tm.Tt c u ph du,tm b.

Nghe c v m m qu phi khng?. May thay, khng

phi vy hon ton khng phi vy. iu ch nghethtm m khi bn nhn n bng ci nhn thng thng

ca tm thc, bng chnh ci nhn theo ci c ch vnhnh ca ci my chy b m chng ta khng ngng

chy v v ch. Nm bn di l cch nhn khc, l

mt cch nhn hon ton khc v th gii. l mt tmnhn chc nng trong tm khng cn c ng bng thigian:khi m chng ta khng cn nm gi(mt cm nhn

sng) khi n tri qua, tm chng ta khng cn chi b(mt cm nhn kh),vkhng cn lm ng(mt cm nhn

trung tnh)3. [Khng cn tham, sn, si r rt]. l trnh

tri nghim vt qua khi nim tt v xu, vtqua khi nim khoi, sng, dchu...v au, kh, kh

3Nh ch thch 2.


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chu.... Vt qua phn bit i i. l cch rt haycm nhn th gian. V l mt k nng c th tu hc

c!. N khng d, nhng c th hc c.

Hnh phc v bnh an. l nhng mi quan tm chnhca i sng con ngi. l tt c nhng g chng ta

(nn) c gng tm cu. Thng th kh m nhn thy cbi v chng ta che ph nhng mc tiu chnh bng

nhng i tng b ngoi. Chng ta mun thc n, chngta mun tin, chng ta mun tnh dc, ca ci v mun s

tn trng. Chng ta thm ch lun t nh rng tng vhnh phc l qu tru tng: Ny, ti l ngi thc t.

C a ti tin ti s mua c tt c hnh phc m ticn. C tin l c tt c. ng tic, y l mt thi bt

kh thi, khng th thc hin c; khng phi c tin lgii quyt c tt c. Hy th nhn xem tng mc tiu

nhu cu v bn s thy chng ch l b ngoim thi.Bn cn n. Ti sao? Bi v bn i. Vy bn i th sao?.

Th nu bn n, bn s khng cn b i v bn s cmthy tt. h th ra l vy!: ch cm thy tt. By gi mi

ng l th bn thc s cn,s " cm thy tt". Vy

ci chng ta cn tht s khng phi l nhng mc tiu bngoi , v d nh thc n; chng ch l phng tin dn n mc tiu cui. Ci chng ta thc s theo ui

chnh l ci "cm gic c gii ta" c c khi nhngng c dc vng c tha mn. l s gii ta, s th

x nh nhng, v khng cn cng thng tm cu. Bnh an,

hnh phc khng cn tham kht na.


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Vyth hnh phc l g? i vi hu ht chng ta, hnhphc hon ho c ngha l c c mi th mnh cn, kim

sot c mi th, c lm Vua, bt c th gian phinhy ma theo mnh. Xin nhc li, nhng tham mun

kiu ny kh m thc hin c. Hy nhn li xem nhngngi trong lch s tng c c nhng quyn lc ti

cao nh vy. H khng phi l nhng ngi hnh phc. Tbn thn h khng phi l nhng ngi an bnh hay ha

bnh. V sao? V h mang ng c thu tm ht ton b thgii, v h khng th no lm c. H mun kim sot tt

c mi ngi, nhng vn lun cn nhng ngi khngmun b h kim sot. H khng th kim sot nhng v

sao trn tri. H vn phi gi, bnh. H vn phi cht.

Bn khng th no c c mi th bn mong cu.Khng th no. May thay, c mt s chn la khc cho

bn. Bn c th hc cch kim sot Tm ca mnh, bc rakhi ci vng ln qun bt tn ca Tham v Sn. Bn c

th hc cch khng cn th bn mun, hc cch nhn bittham mun ca mnh m khng b n kim sot hay thc

gic. Nhng iu ny khng c ngha l bn cnm di ra

trn ng mi ngi bc qua ngi bn. M iu nyc ngha l bn c tip tc sng ci cuc sng bnh thngvn c ca n, nhng sng hon ton vi mt cch nhn

mi. Bn vn c lm nhng iu mt ngi phi lm,nhng bn t do khng b eo bm v thc gic bi nhng

dc vng m nh. Th bn cn th g , nhng khng nht

thit phi chy theo n. Th bn c th s iu g , nhngkhng nn ch ng trng ra v cam chu vi hai chn

run ry. Tuy nhin, v cch x l th ni nh vy, ch


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nhng tu tp tm x l c nh vyth cng kh.Phi mt nhiu nm mi t t tu tp c. Ci l y l:

s c gng kim sot tt c mi th l iu khngth, l bt kh thi. V v vy, hy chn cch lm kh thi d

l kh, vn tt hn l chn cch lm bt kh thnh.

Nhng khoan , hy i mt cht. Bnh an v hnhphc! C phi vn minh con ngi nhm n iu ny

khng? Chng ta xy nh chc tri v xa l siu tc.Chng ta c nhng k i ngh mt vn c hng tr

lng, c nhng tin nghi hin i. Chng ta c tr cp chiph nh thngv ngh bnh, c An sinh X hi v nhng

phc li khc. Tt c nhng th cng u nhm png mt mc no cho hnh phc v bnh an. Tuy

vy, s lng ngi bnh tm thn nhng t nc nyvn c tng u v t l ti phm vn c tng nhanh.

Ngoi ng ph th y nhng k bt ho v nhng k btthng. Th cnh tay ra khi ca nh v dng nh ai

s git ly ng h cabn. u chic xe Honda ngaytrc ca tim, kha xe cn thn v vo mua mt ci bnh,

quay li c th ai ly mt xe ri, trong mt pht

chc. C iu g khng n trong cuc sng ngoi kiaca chng ta!. Mt ngi hnh phc th u cm thy phin cp hay git chc. Chng ta c hay ngh rng x hi

chng ta lun khai thc mi lnh vc hiu bit ca conngi phcv cho s bnh an v hnh phc, nhng iu

l khng ng.

Chng ta mi cht nhn ra rng chng ta pht trin

qu nhiu v nhng phng din vt cht, bng ci gi


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nh mt i nhng mng susc hn v tnh cm v tmlinh. V ri by gi chng ta ang tr gi cho nhng sai

lm .Mt phn iu ni ln s suy gim gi tr oc v tm linh trong x hi hin nay, nht l phng

Ty; v mt phn ni vvicchng ta phi lm g cho thctrng . Ni bt u l t trong mi chng ta. Hy quay

li nhn vo bn trong chng ta, mt cch chn tht vkhch quan, v ri mi chng ta s thy c nhng giy

pht khi Ta l k chng ra sao, v khi Ta l k inkhng. Chng ta s hc nhn thy nhng khong khc,

nhn thy mt cch r rng, nhn mt cch cng minh, vkhng trch c hay cm xc g v thc trng , v nh

vy chng ta s i ng ng, ri s tt hn, khng cnphi b nh vy na.

(Ly mt v dcho ch ny. Chng hn nh ta thng

xuyn tc gin hay bc mnh rt nhiu ln trong mtngy...v bao iu ln nh mun lm theo m khng

c, hay v ghenght tranh ua...Nu ta nhn lc taang gin, quay li nhn s tc gin ca mnh mt cch r

rng, khch quan, ch khng a vo cm gic hay can

thip nokhc na, th t nhin s tc gin cng phaibin i, chng ta s khng cn gin na v chng ta s tthn.Thc trng ta tt hn.Ta tt hn. Nu ta bt u tu

tp mt cch nhn mi v s sng, v mi s th).

Bn khng th no thay i hay ci thin tn gc cch

sng ca bn cho n khi no bn vn cha bt u nhnthy bn thn mnh mt cch chnh xc ng nh bn l.

Ngay sau khi bn lm c iu , s thay i s tri


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chy mt cch t nhin. Bn khng cn phi min cnghay chp hnh theo nhng quy tc m i sng p t cho

mnh.Bn ch vic thay i. N t ng din ra (sau khibn nhn thy r bn ng nh bn l). Vic l t

ng. Tuy nhin, t c cch nhn tr tu ban u nhvy cng cn tn t nhiu cngsc. Bn nhn thy c

bn l g v bn l nh th no, khng phi l ci bn doo tng nhn lm, do suy on hay do chng ch m c

nh trc y. Bn thy c mnh ng u trong xhi ny v mnh lm g nh mt c nhn trong . Bn

thy c bn phn v ngha v ca mnh i vi ngloi, v trn ht, trch nhim i vi chnh bn thn bn

nh l mt c nhn ang sng chung vi nhng c nhnkhc.Vbn thy c tt c iu mt cch r rng

nh l mt, l mt thhay mtcu hnh duy nht ca quanh tng giao ca mi s trn i. iu ny nghe c l

phc tp, nhng n thng din ra trong mt n vkhong khc no . Vic tu dng tm thng qua thin

tp l cch thc hnh hay nht, khng g bng, gipbn chng t c loi hiu bit v nim hnh phc tnh

lng nh vy!.

Kinh Php C (Dhammapada) c xa ca Pht gio i trc my ngn nm so vi t tng hc thuyt phn

tm ca Freud, mt trit gia ngi c. Mt on trongKinh ny ghi li rng:

Ta hin ti l kt qu ca ta qu kh.Ta ngy mai l kt qu ca ta hin ti.


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Nhng trng thi ca tm, u c tm dn trc,Do tm lm ch o, v do tm to tc.

Nu ai ni haylm, vi ci tm nhim,au kh s theo nh, bnh xe theo chn b.

Nhng trng thi ca tm, u c tm dn trc,

Do tm lm ch o, v do tm to tc.

Nu ai ni hay lm, vi ci tm thanh tnh,

Hnh phc s theo sau, nh bng khng ri hnh.

T mnh lm nhim, t mnh lm thanh tnh Khng ai lm cho mnh, tr nn thanh tnh c.

Khi tm c iu phc, s mang li hnh phc.

(theo bn dch t ting Pali ca HT. W. Rahula)4

Tht vy, khng ai, k c cha m, v, chng, ngi

thn, bn b...c th gip mnh. Ch c ci tm trong schca mnh mi gip c mnh. Mt ci tm c iu

phc s mang li hnh phc.

Thin nhm mc ch lm trong sch tm, lm cho tmthanh tnh. Thin thanh lc tin trnh t duy ca nhng th

c gi l nhng kch ng tm thn hay xo trn tmlinh (thng c gi l nhng "chng ngi"), nhng th

nh tham, sn v ghent, nhng th lm bn tm bn vinhng dnh mc thuc v xc cm. Nhng th lm bn bt

an. Thin a tm tr t n mt trng thi tnh lng v

4Nhng bn dch Vit cc kinh l ca ngi dch. Nu bn dch l ca ngikhc th c ghi r tn ngi dch v tn kinh.


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tnh gic, mt trng thi tp trung [chnh nh] v tr tuminh st [chnh nim].

Trong x hi chng ta, chng ta lun t nim tin qu

ln vo gio dc. Chng ta tin rng mt ngi c giodc l c vn minh. Tuy nhin, vn minh ch nh bng

con ngi bn ngoi m thi. Nu t nhng qu ngi caosang hc rng vo nhng tnh hung cng thng ca

chin tranh hay suy sp kinh t, v bn s thy ngay iu gxy ra. C hai iu ngi i thng t bit: Mt phn h

phi tun th theo lut l bi v h bit nhng hnh pht vh s nhng hu qu nu khng tun theo. Nhng mt

phn khc h tun th lut l bi v lng h trong schkhng cn Tham lam phi khin h n cp, gian ln v

khng cn Sn hn phi khin h phi c cm, hm hi,git chc. Qung mt hn vo dng sui. Nc chy

mn ch nh bng c b ngoi, nhng bn trong vnkhng thay i g. Ly hn ln v t vo mt l la

nung, hn s bin i bn ngoi ln bn trong. N nngchy t ngoi ln trong. Nn vn minh ch thay i con

ngi v bn ngoi. Thin tp lm mm (ti luyn,

chuyn ha) ngi y t bn trong, xuyn sut v xuynsut.

Thin c v nh mt V Thy Ln(i s). Thin lngn la nung rn, tinh luyn tng bc ci con ngi th

thin, thng qua s hiu bit. Cng hiu bit nhiu, bn

cng do dai hn v chu ng gii hn. Cng hiu bitnhiu, bn cng tr nn bi mn thng yu nhiu hn. Bn

s tr nn mt bc cha m hon ho hay mt ngi thy l


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tng. Bn sn sng tha th v b qua. Bn cm thy yumn mi ngi v bn hiu bit h. V bn hiu c mi

ngi bi v bn hiu r c chnh con ngi mnh.Bn nhn thu bn trong mnh v thy c s si m

sai lm v ci ti v nhng bt toi bt thnh ca kipngi. Bn nhn thy r c nhn tnh trong chnh

mnh v hc cch bao dung v thng mn. Khi bn bit hiu thng mnh, th t ng bn cng hiu thng

ngi. Bi mn vi chnh mnh th t nhin s tr nn bimn vi tha nhn. V ngi cng nh mnh, cng mang

y tham sn si v ci ti m lm. Mt thin sinh thnhcng t c nhng hiu bit su sc v s sng, v chc

chn rng ngi y lin h vi th gii bng tnh yuthng su xa v rng lng.

Thin cng rt ging nh vic gieo trng trn mt

ming t. Trc khi c t trng, ngi nng phu phipht quang rng v o ht nhng gc cy rng. Sau

cy ba v ti nc bn phn cho t. Sau ngi nngphu gieo trng v thu hoch v ma. tu dng tm,

trc tin bn phi dn sch nhng nhim chng ngi

trc mt, nh sch gc chng khng cn mc li. Sau bn chm bn, bi dng. Bn bm ngun nc nlc v n np vo ming t tm thc. Sau gieo ht

ging v thu v c tri qu l: lng tin, c hnh, schnh nim v tr tu.

Nhn tin, lng tin v c hnh y c ngha ringbit trong ng cnh ny. Pht gio khng ch trng lng

tin theo kiu c tin m qung, khng phi lng tin vo


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mt iu g ch v n c ghi chp trong kinh k, hay litin tri, hay c truyn dy bi mt ng hay nhn vt

quyn uy no . l lng tin kiu m tn. ngha lngtin ang ni y gn ng hn vi s t tin. S t tin c

c v mt iu g l do chnh mnh nhn thy r iudin ra, l do chnh mnh quan st c mi hin tng

din ra bn trong bn thn mnh. y l lng tin chnh tn.

Tng t, chnh y khng phi l s phc tngtheo nhng nghi lut hay gio iu c t ra bi mt th

lc hay t chc bn ngoi. c hnh y lmt li snglnh mnh m bn t chn v t ra cho mnh mt cch

c thc; bi v bn bit rng li sng o c l uvit v tt lnhhn li sng hin ti ca mnh.

Mc ch ca thin l chuyn ha c nhn con ngi.

Ci con ngi ca bn i vo mt pha ca thin tpkhngcnging vi ci con ngi ca bn i ra pha kia

ca (sau khi) thin tp. Thin thay i tm tnh ca bnthng qua tin trnh nhn thc, bng cch lm cho bn ch

tm su sc n tng nhng suy ngh, li ni, v hnh ng

[ba nghip] ca chnh mnh. Tnh kiu ngo ca bn dnbc hi v s i khngdn co bn trong bn thn cngdn vi vn i. Tm bn tr nn yn lng, khng ng

vng v tnh lng. V cuc sng s m m hn. V vy,thin tp nu thc hnh ng n s gip bn d dng i

din vi nhng thng trmthnh bi ca cuc i.N lm

gim i nhng cng thng, s st, v lo lng ca bn.Sbt an s li bc v tnh yu s m thm hn. Mi s

u bt u u vo v cuc i bn tr nn lt nh


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hn thay v ch l mt cuc tranh u bon chen. Tt cnhng iu u din ra thng qua s hiu bit.

Thin tp lm sc bn s tp trung [nh] v nng lc t

duy suy ngh ca bn. Ri th tng ci mt, nhng nglc v c ch t di lp timthc ca bn tr nn r rng

v d thy hn i vi bn. Trc gic ca bn nhy bnhn. S chnh chn ca t duy s tng ln v ln ln bn s

c c mt kinthctrc din v mi s vt hin tngng thc nh chng l; bn khng cn thin kin v

khng cn o tng hay nhn lm v chngna.

Vy th, bao nhiu ldo c tr li cu hi ti saochng ta phibn tm n vic thinhay cha?. Cha,

vn cha, vn cha l do!. Nhng iu va ni ch lli ha sung trn giy. Ch c mt cch bn bit chc

rng vic thin tpc ng gi b cng thc hin haykhng. l hy hc cch thin mt cch ng n, v

thc hnhn. Ri t mnhs thy c iu .


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Chng 2

Nhng G Khng Phi L Thin?

Thin l mt ngn t. Bn tng nghe n t nytrc y, nu khng bn chng cm c quyn sch

ny lm g. Tin trnh suy ngh vn hnh bng s ktni,v tt c cc loi tng u c lin kt vi t thin.

Mt s tng c th l ng, mt skhc ch l v vn.Mt s tng th thuc v nhng h thng [php mn]

thin khc v khng lin quan g n Thin chnh nim,tc Thin Minh St (vipassana). Trc khi tin hnh,

chng ta c trch nhim dn sch nhng tn d ra khi

mch dy thn kinh cho nhng thng tin mi c thc chuyn tip qua mt cch thng sut, khng b cnkt. Chng ta hy bt u bng th r rng nht.

y chng ti s khng dy bn ch tm vo ch rn

ca bn hay tng nim nhng vn iu b him no c. Bn

khng phi n y chinh phc mt con qui vt haychinh phc nhng nng lc siu nhin v hnh no c.Khngai trao gii thng bng ai en ai no cho s

thc hnh ca bn, v bn cng khng cn phi co uhay i khn ng. Bn cng khng cn phi bung b

mi th ca ci v xut gia vo cha tu. Tht ra, bnhon ton c th bt u ngay vic thin tp v s c cngay nhiu tin b, ch tr khi trng hp cuc i ca bn

l qu v o v c, v phc v phn, v y hn lon.Nghe c v kh khch l, phi khng bn?


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C rt nhiu, rt nhiu sch v vit v ti thin. Hu

ht u c vit t quan im ca mt trng phi tngio hay trit hc no , m nhng tc gi cng chng

bun ni ra l thin ca trng phi hay ca php mnno. H tuyn ging v thin nghe c nh l nhng quy

lut tng qut, nhng thct ch l nhng phng thcc trngca tng phi ring ca h m thi. Kt cc l

mt m hn n. T hn na ch l ci v bc nhng lthuyt phc tp v nhng din dch, tt c u lch lc,

khng ng nht vi nhau. Quyn schny th c th v rrng hn. Chng ti ch ang bn lun v h thng Thin

Minh St (vipassana).5Chng ti s ch cho cc bn quanst s vn hnh ca tm mnh theo mt cch yn tnh v

bung x bn c th chng t c tr tu nhn su vobn trong hnh vi ca mnh. Mc tiu chnh l s tnh

gic6, mt s tnh gic tht mnh m, tp trung v hng

5Thin Minh St (vipassana) c tch ra v ging gii nh mt ti ring[thin Chnh Nim] trong quyn sch ny. y thin s tc gi hon tonkhng c cho rng Thin Pht gio ch bao gm Thin Minh St. y chl mt quyn trong b ba quyn sch hng dn vThin Pht gio. Haiquyn kia l:Chnh nh-ging bng ngn ng thng thng v BnNn Tng Chnh Nim-ging bng ngn ng thng thng ca cngtcgi. (Ba bn ting Vit cng c dch bi cng ngi dch).

6'Tnh gic', v mt k thut thin, bao gm cc ngha l: thc r, lun thc(tri vi v thc), lun bit r, lun quan st, lun nhn thy, lun tnhthc, hng bit, thng bit, khng b xao lng, khng b m m, khng bchm m hay hn trm.

Ging nh thi ca mt nhn vin an ninh vy: lun lun thc, lunquan st, lun nhn thy mi s din ra; khng xao lng, khng bun ng,lun tnh thc, khng ri khi mc tiu quan st.

ngha thc hnh ca s 'Tnh gic' s c ging gii mt cch chi tittrong quyn sch ny. y l thut ng quan trng nht, v n chnh l cng


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phn, gip bn c thchc thng vo bn trong bn chtca thc ti.

C mt s quan nim sai lm ph bin v thin. Chng

ti thu nhn lin tc nhng cu hi lp i lp lit nhngthin sinh mi. Cch tt nht l nn gii quyt nhng vn

ny ngay mt lc, bi v chng thuc loi nhng tin-quan-nim [nhng d-tng] c th chn ng tin trnh

thin tp ca bn ngay t u. (V d, chng c th lmlch quan im v t duy ca bn ngay t u). Sau y,

chng ti s a ra v gii ta tng quan nim sai lm nycng mt lc.

Quan nim sai lm #1:Thin ch lmt k thut th gin

ng k y chnh l ch ch l.Th gin l mtphn chnh ca thin, nhng Thin Minh Stth nhm n

mc tiu cao su hn. Tuy vy, cu ni ny v cn bn lng i vi nhiu phng thc thin khc. Tt c nhng

phng thc thin u nhn mnh vo s nh tm, hngtm tp trung vo mti tng hay mt mc.

Nu thc hnh mnh m v y , bn s chng t

mt trng thi th gin suscv y h lc. c gil tng thin nh [jhana]. l mt trng thi tnh lng

tuyt nh thng hoa thnh nim sng khoi, h lcv hnh

c ca 'Chnh nim' ti ca ton b quyn sch ny. M 'Chnh nim'li l phng tin v mc tiu ca 'Thin Pht gio'.


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phc. N l mt dngkhoi lcvt trn v xa hn nhngkhoi lc thng ngy khi tm thc trng thi bnh

thng. Hu ht cc h phi thin u dng li ch ny. l mc tiu ca h, v khi mt ngi chng c

c n (cc tng thin nh) th ngi c th tringhim li c trng thi trong sut cuc i cn li.

Nh vy n (thin nh) khc vi thin qun Minh St.

Thin Minh St tm kim mc tiu khc l s"tnh gic". S nh tm v s th gin c xem nh l

nhng bc ph tr cho s tnh gicchnh nim. nh vth ginl nhng th i trc, l nhng cng c, v nhng

ph phm hu ch cn phi c trc tr gip cho thinqun Minh St.7Nhng chng khng phi l mc tiu ca

thin Minh St. Mc tiu ca thin Minh St l tr tu.Thin Minh Stl phng thc thc hnhsu sc ca Pht

gio nhm mc ch lm trong sch thn tm v chuyn

7Ni cch khc, thin sinh btu tu tp s tp trung tm vo mt i tnghay mc no . l thin-nh. Sau mt thi gian thun thc, thinsinh c th t c n mt mc nh-tm v s tnh lngcn thit[nhng mc chnh-nh thm su c gi l mt tng thin nh(jhana)]. Sau ,thin sinh dng trng thi tng thin nh hng v tutp thin-qun Minh St. Khi tm c th t nh v tnh lng, thin sinhs d dngthc hnh thin Minh St.

M rng thm, theo Ha thng W. Rahula khi vit v Thin Pht gio trongquyn Nhng iu Pht Dy, ngi vit rng:

Tt c nhng trng thi huyn vi [tng thin nh]u do tm to ra,do tm sinh ra v do c iu kin, tc l hu vi ( samkhata). Nhng trngthi ny khng dnh lu g n Thc Ti, Chn L, Nit-bn. Dng thinny c t trc thic Pht. V th, n khng phi l thin Pht giochnh thng, nhng n cng khng b loi tr khi lnh vc Thin Phtgio. Tuy nhin, n khng phi l phn thin ct li cui cng chngng Nit-bn.


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ha i sng hng ngy ca chng ta. Chng ti s giithch nhiu hn v s khc bit gia thin nh v thin

tu8trong Chng 14 ca quyn sch ny.

Quan nim sai lm #2:Thin c ngha l i vo trng thi nh thi min

Mt ln na, cu ni ny c th c dng m tchnh xc v nhng loi thin khc, nhng khng phiThin Minh St. Thin Minh St Tu khng phi l mt

hnh thc thi min. y, chng ta khngc lm m mttm tr n tr nn v thc, khng thc, khng tnh

thc. Chng ta cng khng phi c chuyn ha bn thnmnh t chng sinh hu tnh tr thnh loi cy c v cm,

8V c mt s t i lc c (tc gi v ngi dch) dng khc nhau, nhngchng l ng ngha. Thin nh l tp trung tm [chiu, gom, hi t, c nhtm] vo mt i tng hay mc. Trng thi hi t ca tm vo mt imthng c gi l s hp nht ca tm [tm nht im], l trng thi tnh ca tm.

Thin nh l vic thc hnh vi mc ch t n s nh tm v cctrng thi h lc ca cc tng thin nh. Thin Minh St l thin to ra trtu minh st, tr tu l mc tiu ca n. Thin Minh St cn gi l Thinqun, Thin Minh St Tu, Thin Qun Tr Tu Sng Sut, Thin Tu, hocThin Chnh Nim.

Nhiu sch v cng hay phn bit hai dng thin ny bng cc cp t nh:thin nh v thin qun, thin nh v thin minh st, thin nh v thintu, nh v tu.

Cn tr tuc c t vic thc hnh thin qun Minh St th thng cgi l: tr tu sng sut, tr tu nhn thu sut bn trong, tr tu minh st,minh st tu, tu minh st, tu...ty theo cch vit theo Hn Vit hay thunVit, y hay ngn gn...bi ngivit. Minh St c ngha l qun stmt cch minh bch, r rng, trong sut, sng sut; nhn thy r, soi r,chiu r bn trong...bn cht ca mi s vt, hin tng v thc ti.


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v tnh.Ngc li th c. Bn s tr nn ha hp hn, ngiu hn vi nhng i thay ca mnh v mt cm xc.

Bn s hc c cch hiu bit v chnh bn thn mnhbngs minh mn, r rng v chnh xc hn bao gi ht.

Trong qu trnh hc tp k thut ny, mt s trng thi cth xy ra, ging nh kiu trng thi thi min m ngi

ngoi nhn vo c th cho l vy. Nhng tht ra nhngtrng thi hon ton l ngc li. Trong thi min,

ng s b kim sot bi ngi khc, trong khi bnthin tp khi tm tp trung (nh) su th thin sinh vn hu

nh kim sot c bn thn mnh. Trong ging nh trngthi thi min nhng thc ra l gi to. V bt k trng

hp no xy ra nhng hin tng nh vy u khng linquan n s thc hnh v mc tiu ca Thin Minh St.

Nh chng ta ni trn, trng thi nh su ca tngthin nh (jhana) l mt cng c v l bc u trn con

ng dn n s tnh gic cao qu hn. Thin Minh St,theo nh ngha, l tu dng s chnh nimv tnh gic.

Nu bn nhn thy rng mnh ang tr nn v thc trongkhi thin, vy l bn khng phi ang thin, theo nh nh

ngha r rng v Thin Minh St. n gin l vy. (Thin

Minh Stl tu tp s tnh gic v chnh nim lun lunc mt, lun lun thc. V vy nu bn ri vo trng thiv thc th khng phi l thin).

Quan nim sai lm #3:

Thin l mt phng thc huyn b, khng th no hiuc


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Mt ln na, cu ni ny cng ng, nhng khng honton ng. Thin lm vic vi nhng tng tm thc nm

su bn di nhng t duy biu tng. V vy, mt s dliu v thin l khng th no din t c bng t ng

thng thng. Tuy nhin, khng c ngha l n khng thno hiu c. C nhng cch su sc hn l cch thng

qua t ng hiu v mi s. Bn hiu c cch i. Bni c. C th bn khng th miu t c chnh xc dy

thn kinh v c bp ca bn co tht nh th no trong khii.Nhng bn c th i c. Thin nn c hiu theo

cch nh vy, tc l bng cch thc hnh n. Thin khngphi l ci g bn phi hc n bng nhng thut ng tru

tng. Thin l tri nghim. lm v bit. Thinkhng phi l mt kiu cng thc v tm c th mang li

nhng kt qu t ng v d on trc c. N khngphi nh cng thc my mc, cm ngun in, bm nt

m l mn hnh TV chc chn t ng hin ln nh dtnh. Mt thin sinh khng th no d on trc iu g s

xy ra trong mt phin thin no . Thin l mt s khmph v th nghim, v l mt chuynphiu lutrong mi

ln ngi thin. Tht ra, khi bn t n mt cm gic c

th d on c iug s xy ra hoc/v mi s tng ts lp li nh ln thin trc, th bnbn ang khng thcs thin. Bn dng hin tng ny nh mt ch s (v s

tin b ca bn).C ngha l bn b trch ng u v bn ang i n ch tr tr trong vic thc hnh.

(Tc l: nu bn c th cm gic trc hoc d on trc

iu g s xy ra vi tm mnh trong gi ngi thin, hocthm ch nhng g xy ra cng ging tng t nhng g

xy ra trong nhng ln thin trc: th s thin ca bn


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ang sai lch sao , v nhng g xy ra nh vy l khngng l t nhin v tnh khng-th-d-bo-c ca thin).

Hy hc cch nhn vo tng mi giy, nh th l

giy u tin v duy nht trong i. l phng cch ctli ca Thin Minh St. Tc l lun lun tnh gic v quan

st vo tng khong khcca s sng.

Quan nim sai lm #4:Mc ch ca thin l t c thnh thn thng

siu phm

Khng phi vy. Mc ch ca thin l pht trin stnh gic. Hc thin c tm mnh hay tm k khcth

khng phi l mc ch ca thin. S bay bng tm trkhng phi l mc tiu ca thin. Mc tiuca thin l s

gii thot. Thc t th cng c mt s kt ni gia nhnghin tng thn thng siu phm vthin, nhng mi quan

h c l l rt phc hp. Trong nhng giai on uhnh thin, nhng hin tng c th xut hin hoc

khng. Mt s ngi c th thy bit bng trc gic, hoch c c tr nh v kip qu kh; s ngi khc th

khng c. D g i na th nhng hin tng ny cngkhngnn c xem l nhng nng lc thn thng thun

thc v ng tin cy. ng cho l iu g quan trng.Tht ra, nhng hin tng nh vy l kh nguy him cho

nhng thin sinh trong giai on u, v chng qu cm d.Chng c th l ci by ca t ng dn d ngi thin isai ng lch hng. Li khuyn tt nht cho bn l hy


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ng t vn v ng quan trng g n nhng hintng . Nu chng xut hin, khng thnh vn . Nu

chng khng xut hin, cng khng vn g. Thngchng cng t xut hin. C mt giai on trn ng tu

tp ca ngi tu thin, lc ngi y c th thc hnhnhng bi tp c bit pht trin nng lc thn thng.

Nhng vn cn lu mi n lc xy ra iu ny.

Khi no chng t c tng thin nh rt cao su,thin sinh s d trnh lm vic vi nhng nng

lc m khng h b nguy him [nguy him v chng cth lm mt ht kim sot hay chi phi i sng ca ngi

thin]. Ri thin sinh s pht trin nng lc mt cchnghim tc vi mc ch phc v cho li ch ca mi

ngi. Kh nng ny ch xy ra sau hng chc nm tu tp.ng lo lng v iu . C tp trung vo pht trin thm

v thm s tnh gic. Nu c nhng ging niv hnh nh(tm nh) hin ln, c lu n chng v mc chng t

bin i. ng xa vo chng. ng dnh lu n chng.

Quan nim sai lm #4:Thin l nguy him, v ngi cn trng nn trnh xa.

Mi th trn i u nguy him. Bng qua ng v

bn cng c th b xe but tng. Va x vi nc tm vbn c th bquo c. Thin v bn c l cn phi vt sch

mi th nhim t trong qu kh ca bn. Ci m b nn v chn cht lu ngy c th cng ng s.

Nhng vic cng mang li rt nhiu ch li cho bn.


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Chng c vic g l hon ton khng c ri ro, nhng iu khng c ngha l chng ta c co rm nh con tm nm

trong kn. khng phi l sng. l cht yu. Cch giiquyt nguy him l phi bit c chngn nhiu hay

t,n c th xut hin t ch no v cch no i phvi n khi n xut hin. l mc ch ca quyn sch

hng dn ny. Thin Minh St l pht trin s tnh gic.Trong bn thn n khng c g l nguy him, nhng nguy

him ch c t bn ngoi. Tng cng s tnh gic lphng h khi nguy him. Nu thc hnh ng th Thin

Minh Stl mt tin trnh rt nh nhng v t tn. N dinra chm ri v d dng, v s tinh tin trong thc hnh ca

bn s din ra mt cch t nhin. Khng cg phi g phay mincng. V sau ny, khi bn gn t n trnh

tinh vi v tr tu phng h ca mt bc thy, bn c thtng tc trng thnh bng mt giai on tu thin

chuyn su min mt.Tuy nhin ngay lc bt u, thin rtd lm. C lm nh nhng v mi th s tt p.

Quan nim sai lm #5:

Thin ch dnh chothnh nhn v tu s kh hnh,khng phi cho ngi thng.

Thi quan im ny c rt nhiu Chu , ni m

cc nh s v thnh nhn c tn knh rt cao bng nhiunghi thc. iu ny cng tng t nh thi ca ngi

M thn tng nhng ti t in nh v nhng cu thbng chy ni ting vy. Nhng nhn vt nh vy cc khun ra, c lm cho v i hn ngi thng


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trong i thc, v c gn ghp thm nhiuphm chtm t c ai trong nhn loi c th snh b vi h. Ngay c

phng Ty cng tn ti t nhiu thi nh vy trong lnhvc thin tp. H trng i thin gi phi l mt mu

ngi kiu c o, khc ngi n ni trong mingngi y b sa cng khng dm tan chy c vy.

Nhng ch cn tip xc trc tip vi nhng ngi th otng [s hiu lm] s bin mt ngay. Thc t th h

thng t ra l nhng ngi c nhiu ngh lc v sc sng,nhng ngi sng vi lng nhit thnh ht mc.ng l

vy, tt nhin, hu ht nhng bc thnh nhn u hnhthin, nhng khng phi h hnh thinv h l thnh nhn.

Ngc li. H l thnh nhn bi v h hnh thin. Thin lcch h tr thnh thnh thin. V h bt u thin tp t

trc khi h tr thnh thnh thin. y l im quan trng.Mt s ln thin sinh u ngh rng mt ngi phi hon

ton c hnh ri mi nn bt u tp thin. l cchngh ngc ngo, khng thc tv khng lm c. c

hnh th cn phi c mt mc kim sot tm tr. liu kin cn. iu kin tin quyt. Bn khng th no gi

gn gii hnh o c nu bn thn mnh khng c cht t

ch v tm tr, v nu tm tr ta c ri tung quay tt nhbnh dao trong my xay sinh t, th lm sao chng ta cc s t ch. V vy, vic tu dng tm [thin tp]phi

nn c lm trc, trc khi ngi c c mt chnh hon ho... nh bc thnh thin, bc chn tu.

C ba phn hu c trong thin Pht gio: Gii hnh oc,Thin nh v Tr tu. [Gii, nh, Tu]. Ba phn ny

s c tu dng v pht trin ng thi vi nhau khi s


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thc hnh ca bn tin trin. Phn ny s nh hng b trcho phn khc, v vy bn tu tp ba phn cng lc vi

nhau, ch khng phi tu dng tng phn mt ri n phnkia. Tc l (i) khng c chuyn bn ch tu dng cho c

hnh c hon ho ri mi bt u ngi vo thin. (ii)Cng khng phi bn ch cho n khi no chng t c

tng nht thin hay t thin ri michuyn quathin qun t c tr tu.(iii) Khi bn c c tr tu hiu bit

r mt tnh hung, lng bi mn dnh cho mi ngi s tng ny sinh. Lng bi mn y c ngha l bn s t

ng kim ch bn thn mnh cho ba nghip [ ngh,hnh ng, li ni] khi c th lm phng hi n ngi

khc. Khi c tr tu th t ng c gii hnh. Nh vy mihnh vi c x ca bn t ng c c hnh. Thng ch

khi no bn khng hiu bit su sc th bnmi phm phinhiu th. V d nh nu bn khng hiu bit c hu

qu ca hnh ng ca chnh mnh, th bn thng lmby. Mt ngi c ngi ch cho n khi no mnh tu

c hnh vn ton nh bt nh thnh ri mi chu hcthinth cng ging nh ch mt iu g khng th no

xy ra.Ngi xa hay ni ngi nh vy chng khc no

k c ng ch cho bin lng ht sng ri mi xung tm.iu chng bao gixy ra.

hiu c y mi lin h ny, chng ta hyth phn c hnh thnh nhiu mc khc nhau. (i) Mc

thp nht l vic sng tun th nhng lut l v quy tc do

ngi khc hay x hi t ra. V d nh l nhng lut ltrong kinh thnh tin tri m bn phi theo. Hoc v d

nh l lut php quc gia, hay lut l ca tc trng b


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lc, hay nhng iu rn ca cha m. Khng cn bit nhngquy tc lut l do ai t ra, nhng mc ny bn ch

cn bit r v tun theo. Ngi my cng lm c vicny. Ngay c con tinh tinhc hun luyn cng tun th

c nu nhng quy tc khng qu phc tp, v mi ln nnu vi phm th n b n mt roi. ( l s bt buc).

mc ny khng cn g n thin.Tt c ch cn c quytc v hnh pht.

(ii) Mc th hai ca c hnhc o bng s tn

trng v tun th cc quy tc lut l mt cch t gic mkhng cn phi c ngi cm roi ng bn cnh. Ging

nh bn phi i ng lut giao thng ngay c khi khng ccnh st ng canh. Bn ln ln thm vi tui th c th t

n cm, t i ng ng gi ch khng phi v cha hay mcm roi hay la ry st bn.Bn tun theo v bn thm

nhun nhng quy tc trong lng. Nu bn lm sai hay viphm, bn s t trch hay t pht mnh. trnh c

hnh ny cn c t nhiu s kim sot tm tr.Nu tm bnlung tung, hnh vi ca bn cng s lung tung. Tu tp tm

[thin] s lm cho tm bt lung tung.

(iii) Mc th ba ca c hnh c th gi lun l chnh, hay t ng hn l o c. Lc ny, ngi c

mt s chuyn ha tt. trnh o c ny, mt ngikhng nht thit phi rp rp tun th nhng quy tc lut l

do thm quyn no t ra. Ngi chn cch ng x ca

mnh ty tnh hung. Mc ny i hi s thng minh vkh nng nhn nhn mi yu t ca tnh hung, v i n

phn ng nht qun, kho lo v thch hp nht trong mi


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trng hp.Thm na, nhng c nhn thuc cp o cny thng cng c ngoi mnh ln khi ci quan im c

nhn hn ch ca mnh, h khng mun tip tc l chngi y ging na. H phi thy c ton s th mt

cch khch quan, cn nhc mi s mt cch bit ngibit ta. Ni tm li, mt ngi o c, cp ny, phi

bit gc b tham, sn, c , ganh ght v nhng bn tnhch klu i, vn lun khin h suy ngh ch k, ch lun

ngh cho mnh m khng ngh cho ngi.Ch c nh vy,th mt ngi o c mi c th chn ra cch ng x hay

hnh ng ng n nht v hp o l nht cho mi svic. Mun c phm hnh o c th tuyt i phi cn c

s tu dng tm, cn phi thin, ngoi tr khi ngi sinh ra l bc thnh. Khng cn cch no khc, ngoi

thin, c c phm cp o c nh vy. Cn phi tutp tu dng c hnh na. Hn na, qu trnh suy xt (cc

hnh ng)cng cn phi tn nhiu cng.Nu bn c gngcn nhc mi yu t ca trong tnh hung bng ci tm

thc, bn s b ui hi, kit sc. Tr thc khng th nolm cng lc qu nhiu vic. N s b qu ti. May mn

thay, mt lp su bn di ca tm thc c th lm hng

lot nhng vic suy xtmt cch ddng. Thin c th tora lp tm thc su sc , c th hon thinqu trnh suyxt mc o c th ba cho bn. l mt cm

gic phi thng.

Mt ngy no bn gp vn , trng c v nh

khng bao gi gii quyt c.Ngy hm sau khi bnang ra chn bt, ang ngh v mt chuyn hon ton

khcth bng nhin ngra gii php. iu ny va mi


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ny sinh t trong su thm tm tr, v bn thm ku lnh hahth ra vy, v tt c mi vn c gii quyt.

Trc gic ch c th xy ra khi bn bung bcc l s suydin logic theo thi quen bn nng v nhng ch cho

tm c c hi a ra gii php.Mt bn tm tnh thc vami c mt. Thin gip cho ta cch g mnh khi qu

trnh t duy c hu xa nay. l ngh thut bc ra khili mn t duy ca tm, v l mt k nng rt hu ch

trong cuc sng hng ngy.Thin chc chn khng phi ls thc hnh xa l ch dnh cho cc thy tu kh hnh hay

n s. N l mt k nng thc dng tp trung vo nhngs vic xy ra trong i sng hng ngy, v mang li ch

dng tc th cho cuc sng ca bn. Thin khng phi lxa i, xa ngi.

Tht khng may, s tht ny v thin lm nn lng

mt s thin sinh. H n hc thin mong c xutthn kt ni vi v tr siu phm hay c ha vo dn

nhc trica thin thn. Nhng thc t th h chn ginl hc v tm c mt cch tt hn dn ci thng rc

trong nh v cch tt hn gii quyt vn nan gii

bnh thng trc mt. H khng cn phi tht vng viu ny. Bi v vic dn dp rc ri trc mt cng huch v nn c lm trc. Sau , sau nhiu cng phu v

thi gian, th mnh mi c th giao luc vi dn nhcthin thn trn thin ng.

Quan nim sai lm #6:Thin l chy trn khi hin thc


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Khng ng. Thin l chy thng vo thc ti. Thin

khng phi tch bn khi nhng kh au trong i sng.Thin gip bn i su vo s sng v mi kha cnh ca s

sng bn c th chc thng hng ro tr ngi ca khau v vt ln khi kh au. Thin Minh St l mt s

thc hnh vi mc ch r rng l i din vi hin thc, lhon ton tri nghim s sng nh-n-lv i din chnh

xc vi nhng iu bn thy.Thin gip bn xua i nhngo tng v nhng li ni di th thm m bn vn hng

ngy hng gi ni vi bn thn mnh v s sng. C saoni vy. Bn l chnh bn, nn nu ni di chnh mnh v

nhng im yu v nhng toan tnh ca mnh th ch lmcho mnh cng b dnh vo vng quay ca bnh xe o

tngm lm m thi. Tt nht l khng nn t gt mnh.Thin Minh St khng phi l n lc qun bn thn

mnh hay che y nhng phin no ca mnh. Thinluyn tp cho bn cch nhn vo bn ng tht nh-mnh-

l. Thy c mnh l ci gv chp nhn n mt cchhon ton. Ch khi lm c nh vy, bn mi mong thay

i c mnh.

Quan nim sai lm #8:Thin l cch c c khoi lc?

iu ny va ng va khng ng. Thin nhiu lc

cng to ra nhng cm gic sung sng, h lc. Nhng khng phi l mc ch ca thin Pht gio, v nhng nimsung sng h lc khng phi lun lun xy ra. Hn


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na, nu bn thin tp vi mc ch th chng cng txy ra!. Nhng nu bn thc hnh thin vi mc ch ng

n ca thin, th nhng nim h lc lithng xy nvi bn. Nim sung sng h lc c c t s th gin,

v s th gin c c t s gii ta ht mi cng thng.Nu bn ch ng tm kim nim sung sng h lc trong

thin th bn a s cng thng [dc vng] vo thin,lm xo trn tin trnh din ra ca thin. y l th b,

gy ng p lng ng!. Bn ch c th c c an lchay hnh phc nu bn khng theo ui n. Thm na, nu

s hng phn, s ph ph hay khoi cm l ci m bneo ui, th c nhiu cch khc bn c c chng,

(u cn phi kh cng ngi thin).Ru, ma tu v tnhdc cng c th mang li cho bn nhng hng phn v

khoi cm . Hng phn haykhoilc khng phi l mcch ca thin. N thng khi sinh trong khi thin, nhng

ch l snphm ph ca vic hnh thin. N l mt tcdng ph rt dchu, mt cm gic sung sng [lc th],v n s thng xuyn c c nu bn tip tc hnh thinu n lu di. Bn s khng nghe nhng thin sinh gii

hay thin s phn i g v iu ny. N l bnh thng.

(V nim vui sng v khoi lc th chng c g l saitri c, c bit l khi chng i km vi nim chn phc v

tr tu tng ln).

Quan nim sai lm #9:Thin l ch k


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Chc chn thin trng c v nh vy, v ngi hnhthin l thin cho li lc ca chnh mnh, ch khng cho ai

khc. Hy nhn mt ngi ang ngi trn mt ci gi nh thin.Ngi c bc ra ngoi hin mu nhn o

khng? Khng. Ngi y c i gip nhng nn nhn thintai hay khng? Khng. Nhng chng ta hy c xem xt

ng c hay mc ch ngi thin ca ngi y. Ti saongi y ngi thin nh vy? Mc ch ca ngi hnh

thin l trt b mi sn hn, th ght, c .Ngi y angn lc trn con ng tr b nhng tham dc, s cng

thng v s v cm. Chngchnh l nhng "chng ngi"cn tr lng bi mn thng yu ca mt ngi dnh cho

ngi khc. Cho n khi nhng chng ngi vn cn thbt c vic g mt ngi lm(d l vic t thin) u ch l

s th hin thm ca ci Ti t ng, v tht s khnggip ch g v lu v di. Ch gip [t thin, cng

c]l mt danh t ng nguy hi, l mt trong nhng trchi c rch t xa. Hy th nhn vo i sng c nhn ca

nhng thin gi tt th bn thngkhngthy h tham giavo nhng cng vic nhn o. Bn s khng thynhng

ngi tu thin tham gia vo nhng s mng theo kiu cc

cuc thp t chinh v sn sng hy sinh nhiu mngngi v mc ch sng o. Thc ra chng ta ch k hnnhiu so vi mc chng ta vn tng. Chnh ci Ta

lun bin nhng cng trnh cao siu tr thnh v ch. CiTa lun c cch ph hi nhng vic cao pnht thnh

nhng ng rc, nu ci Ta c t do th hin.

Thng qua vic thin tp chng ta thc c r rng cicon ngi ca chng ta l ci g, lm cho ta tnh thc

khi nhng th tinh xovn khin chng ta lun th hin


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tm tnh ch k ca mnh. V t , chng ta bt u htch k mt cch ch thc. Vic lm trong sch bn thn

mnh khng cn ch k th khng phi l hnh ng chk!.

Quan nim sai lm #10:Khi thin, ngi ta ch ngi suy ngh v nhng iu cao

siu bay bng

iu ny cng sai. Trong mt s php mn thin khc

th c iu ny. Nhng Thin Minh St (vipassana) thkhng phi vy. Thin Minh Stl tu tp s tnh gic:tnh

gic hng bit vbt c iugang din ra trc mt, btk iu l cao siu hay rc ri. Ci g ang xy ra, th

ang xy ra, th u tnh gic v n. D nhin rng cnhng ngh bay bng cao vi khi sinh trong khi bn

hnh thin. iu ny cng khng cn thit phi trnh n.M cng khng cn thit phi i tm hay mong i. Chng

ch l nhng tc dng ph d chu m thi. Thin Minh St l s thc hnh gin d. N ch gm vic tri nghim mt

cch trc din mi s xy ra trong cuc sng hng ngyca bn, khng cn phi thin v, thin kin hay ttn dn

nhn bng nhng hnh nh trong tm [tm nh] v chng.Thin Minh Stl nhn v qun st i sng ca bn ang

din ra trong tng mi giy pht mt cch v t, m khngcn phn xt hay thin kin g. iu g n th n. S g

din ra th din ra. n gin l vy. (Ch khng phi chton quan st nhng iu cao siubay bng).


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Quan nim sai lm #11:

Sau vi tun thin tp, mi phin no ca ta s binmt

Tic thay, thin khng phi l cch tr liu nhanh chngnh vy. Bn s bt u thy ngay s thay i, tuy nhin

phi mt nm ny thng n th mi c c nhng tc

dng su sc. cng ging nh cch thc m th giica bn c hnh thnh. Nhng iu qu gi th d g cc ch sau mt m thc dy!. V mt vi phng din

thc hnh, thin cng khng phi l d. N i hi ngitu thin phi theo mt k cngdi hn v i khi l mt

qu trnh tu tp rt cng phu v kh cc.Mi khi ngi thinbn s t c mt s tin b, nhng nhng kt qu

thng l rt vi t, kh thy. Nhng kt qu vi t xy rart su bn trong tm thc, ch v sau ny mi bc l r

nt nhiu hn.V nh vy nu bn ngi thin m trng inhng i thay ln lao th bn s (b) b l mt nhng thay

i vi t ny. Bn s b tht vng, b cuc v th rngchng bao gi c s thay i no xy ra ht. Kin nhn l

cha kha. Kin nhn. Nu bn chng hc c g t victhin tp, t nht bn cng hc c tnh kin nhn. V

l bi hc qu gi nht trong thin.


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Chng 3

Thin L G?

Thin l mt ngn t, v nhng ngn t th c dngtheo nhng cch khc nhau bi nhng ngi ni khc

nhau. iu ny nghe c v tm pho, nhng khng phivy. Cng ng phi quan trng phn bit chnh xc

mt ngi no mun ni g vinhng ngnt ngi dng ni. V d, cc nn vn ha trn th gii sn sinh

ra nhng kiu tu tp tm no m h gi l thin. iu li ty thuc vo nhng nh ngha lng lo khc nhau

v thin. Mi ngi u thin, t ngi Chu Phi cho n

nhng ngi Eskimo vng cc Bc. Nhng k thutthin th khc nhau, nhng y chng ta cng khng cn

phi c gng nghin cu tm hiu ht tt c lm g.

Nhng quyn sch khc c th lm vic . Trong phm viquyn sch ny, chng ti ch mun gii thiu s lc v

mt s k thut tu tp tm c bit nhiu cc nc

phng Ty, v t nhiu c lin quan n vn thin.

Trong truyn thng o C-c gio Do Thi, chng ti

thy c hai cch thc hnh song song, c gi l cunguyn v tng ch. Cu nguyn l cu xin trc tip nhng

ng thn linh no . Cn ch niml suy ngh c thclin tc t lu v mt ch , thng thng l mt nguynhay mt on kinh. Theo cch nhn v tu dng tm, th c

hai cch ny l cch tp trung tm, tcl nh tm. Nhngdng chy t duy c hu khc u b chn li, v tm th


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c hng v mt mc ca thc. Nhng cch thchnh nh tm u mang li kt qu: s tnh lng su, l

lm chm liqu trnh trao i cht, v mt cm gic bnhan v tt lnh.

Truyn thng n gio (Hindu) th c thin Yoga

(Du-gi), n cng chnh l thin nh. Cch thc hnh cnbn xa nay vn l hng tm tp trung vo mt i tng

ring lmt hn, mt ngn nn, mt t ng lmcho tm khng b xao lng.Sau khi tu tp c nhng k

nng cnbn v nh tm, cc thin giDu-gi s tin xahn, thin nh vo nhng i tng v mc phc hp

khc ca tmv d nh: thin tng (nhng bi kinh),thin ch, thin v nhng hnh nh y mu sc tn gio

khcnh hnh tng thn linh, cc lung nng lng trongc th v nhng th khc...vn vn. Tuy nhin, d nhng

mc c phc hp n ui na, th loi thin ny cngthun ty l tu luyn cch tp trung tm, vn thuc v

phng thc thin nh (vi mc tiu l t n s nhtm).

Trong truyn thng Pht gio, thin nh vn cnh gi cao. Nhng c mt yu t c a thm vo vc nhn mnh nhiu hn l s tnh gic. Ton b

thin Pht gio l nhm vo vic tu dng s tnh gic [chnh nim], dng s nh tm [chnh nh] nh l mt

cng c. Thin Pht gio c pht trin rng khp, tuy

nhin lch s cng sn sinh ra nhng trng phi tu tpkhc nhau cng nhm n mc tiu .


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Thin Tng (Zen) s dng hai ng li khc nhau.Th nht (i) l dng tm lc v ch mnh m nhy

thng vo s tnh gic. Thin sinh ngi xung v ch ngiv ngi, khng cn ngh v bt c th g, ch hng bit hay

tnh gic v s ngi. iu ny nghe c v rt n gin.Nhng khng phi vy. [C th cch ny trong chc lt

bn s thy ngay l rt kh]. ng li th hai (ii) caThin Tng l tu tp theophp mn thin Lm T (Rinzai).

l cch nh la tm ra khi ngh thc v trc chvo s tnh gic. Thin s t ra cho nhng thin sinh

nhng cu hi[cng n]khng bao gi gii c, v thinsinh phi n lc tp trung vo cng n t tm ra li

gii p. Do vy, thin sinh khng thno trn khi s khcc ca tnh hung cng n, cho nn thin sinh buc phi

nhy vo s tri nghim thun ty ca giy pht hin ti.Chng cnhng i no khc.

(Thin ca Thin tng nhm vo mc ch kin tnh

n ng. l dng cch qun cng n hoc khn thoiu. Mc ch l nhm ph hy cc khi nim v ngn

ng hnh thc, vn c cho l khng th chuyn ti c

thc ti. Truyn thng ny khin ngn ng ca Thin tngthng kh hiu v khc l i vi l tr bnh thng). Thin Tng l php mn thin kh, khng phi d tu theo.

N c th tht s ph hp i vi nhiu ngi, nhng n lmtphp mn thcs kh.

Mt trng phi khc l Pht gio Mt Tng th gnnh ngc li. H cao t duy thc thng thng, l

s th hin ci Ta m bn vn thng ngh bn l ci Ta


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. Chng ta u ngh vy, u ngh ta l ci Ta ringbit, cdanh tnh ring. Chng ta u hnh ng v mu

cu tt c v ci Ta ca chng ta. T duy theo thc niktcht vi khi nim v ci Ta. Ci Ta [bn ng, ng]

chng qua ch l nhng phn ng v tm nh c dnghp mt cch gi to vo tin trnh tri chy ca s tnh

gic thun ty. Mt Tng tm cch tu tp s tnh gic thunty bng cch tiu dit hnh nh ci ng. iu ny c

lm thng qua qu trnh qun tng. Mt thin sinh cgiao mt hnh nhv thn Mt Tng thin.Ngi y c

thin cho n khi no mnh tr thnh hnh nh . Ngiy lt b danh tnh ca mnh v mang danh tnh khc.

Vic ny tn nhiu thi gian qun tng, nhng c th lmc. Trong qu trnh qun tng ny, thin sinh c th

quan st c cch m ci ng c dng ln. Ri thinsinh nhn ra bn cht c on ca tt c mi ci ng, bao

gm ci ng ca mnh, v thin sinh tm cch thot khi sdnh mc vo ci ng . Thin sinh lc c th chn

mt ci ng, ng ca mnh hay ng no khc m anh tamun; hoc anh ta khng chn ci ng no. Kt qu l dn

n s tnh gic thun ty. Thin Mt tng cng khng

phil d tu.

(Tc gi ch din t s lc nh vy. Nhng c gi

khng tu theo Mt tng, hoc cha bao gi bit v loithin ny, th cng kh m hiu c chnh xc phng

php thin l g. im y l ch cn bit l mt

php mn thin khng lin quan g vi Thin Pht gionguyn thy. Thin mt tng c l btngun t thin Yoga


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(Du-gi); vPht gio Mt tng cng c xp vo nhmca Pht gio i tha).

Thin Minh St (Vipassana) l phng thc thin c

xa nht ca o Pht. Phng thc thin ny c ghi rtrong kinh Bn Nn Tng Chnh Nim (Sitipatthana

Sutta), cn gi l Kinh T Nim X(HV). l mt bithuyt ging v tu thin do chnh c Pht ging dy.

Thin Minh St l s tu dng tng bc s chnh nim[s ch tm tnh gic] mt cch trc tip. N tin hnh

tng bc tng bc qua nhiu nm thng. S ch tm cathin sinh lun c hng ti vic quan st mimt ca

s sng ca chnh mnh. Thin sinh c hun luyn ch nhiu v nhiu hn na vo dng chy tri nghim

s sng. Thin Minh Stl mt k thut nh nhng, nhngn cng rt l uyn thm, su sc. N l mt h thng c

xa v bi bn luyntptm;l mt h thng nhng bitp thc hnh gip cho ta cng lc cng tr nn tnh gic

hn v s tri nghim s sng ca chnh mnh. l slng nghe mt cch ch tm, s thy bit mt cch chnh

nim, v s kim chng mt cch cn thn. Chng ta hc

ngi mt cch sc xo, hc chm xc mt cch trn vn,v ch tm mt cch thc s vo nhng thay iang dinra trong tt c nhng tri nghim . Chng ta hc cch

lng nghe nhng nghca mnh m khng b dnh mcvo nhng ngh .

Cng vic mc tiu ca Thin Minh Stl hc cch chtm.Ni cch khc,mc tiu ca n l hc cch nhn thy

nhng l tht vs v thng, bt toi nguyn [kh] v s


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v ng trong mi hin tng9. Chng ta c ngh rngchng ta vn ang lm vy, nhng k thc ra chng ta

ang khng lm vy, (chng ta cha bao gi ang nhnthy s tht). ch l o tng. o tng l do chng ta

cng c ch tm mt t n s sng ca mnh, tuy vys ch tm rt m nht nh kiu s ch tm ca ta khi

ang lc chng ta ang ng g ng gt vy. n gin lchng ta khng ch tm nhiu bit c rng chng

ta chng h ch tm g. Hy suy ngh viu ny.

(V hnh thc ng ngha, y l mt kiu ni hu tin ,nghe nh mt nghch lv nu ta ch tm nhiu th

t hn ta c s ch tm ri, ch khng l cn s khngch tmm ta nhn thy. Tuy nhin, c gi s t suy ra

c ca cu ni ny l g. Tc gi ang cao s chtm [tnh gic]trong thin tp chnh nim).

Thng qua tin trnh chnh nim, chng ta dn dn tr

nn tnh gic, thc r mnh l ci g bn di hnh nhci ta gi tm m ngi i hay gi l bn ng hay linh

hn. Chng ta tnh thc thy cuc sng ng-nh-n-l.

Cuc sng khng phi ch l nhng thng trm, sng kh, ln xung. chl o tng, m lm. S sng vn l mtkt cu a chiu su sc hn nhiu, nu chng ta chu kh

nhn, v nu chng ta nhn mt cch ng n.

9Nhng cu trong on ny: Ni cch khc....hin tng., cng nh mtscu ging gii khc trong quyn sch, c tc gi b sung vo trongln ti bn 2012.


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Thin Minh St l mt hnh thc hun luyn tm dycho bn cch tri nghim th gii theo mt cch hon ton

mi. Ln u tin bn bit c iu g thc s ang xyra vi bn, xung quanh bn v bn trong bn. l mt

tin trnh t khm ph chnh mnh, mt cuc t thn tm tithng qua bn c th quan st nhng tri nghim v

cm nhn ca chnh mnh trong khi ang qun st chng,v ngay trong khi chng ang din ra. Chng ta nn tip

cn Thin Minh Stbng thi nh vy.

"Khng cn nhng iu mnh c gio dc.Dp b mi l thuyt v nh kin v nhng khun php

nguyn tc. Ti mun hiu r bn cht t nhin chthc ca s sng. Ti mun bit r kinh nghim sng

ny ch thc l g. Ti mun thy r nhng tnh chtchn thc v su sc nht ca i sng, v ti khng

mun n thun chp nhn s gii thch ca ngikhc. Ti mun t mnh thy bit c cho chnh

mnh".

Nu bn theo thin tp vi thi nh vy, bn s

thnh cng. Bn s thy mnh qun st mi s vic mtcch khch quan, chnh xc nh-chng-l, ang tri qua v

bin i lin tc trong tng khong khc, trong tng st-na.

T , cuc sng bt u din ra vi mun vn mu sckhng th no din t ht c. N phi c tri nghim

thc s.

Trong ting Pali, thin qun tr tu hay Thin Minh Stc gi l 'Vipassana Bhavana'.Bhavanaxut pht t cn


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t 'Bhu', c ngha l ln ln, tng trng hay tr thnh. Vvy, 'Bhavana' c ngha l vun trng, nui dng, v t

ny lun lun c dng ni v tm.Bhavanac nghal s 'tu dng tm'. Danh t 'Vipassana' th xut pht t

hai cn t. 'Passana' c ngha l thy hay cm nhn. 'Vi' lmt tip u ng vi nhiu ngha. Ngha cn bn l 'mt

cch c bit'. Nhng n cng bao hm ngha 'i vo, bntrong' v 'xuyn sut, thu o'. Ton b danh t

'Vipassana' c ngha l: nhn vo bn trong ci g vi sminh bch r rng v chnh xc, nhn r mi thnh phn

mt cch ring bit v phn bit, v nhn thy xuyn sut cm nhn c ci thc ti ch thc ca ci . Qu

trnh ny dn n tr tu nhn thu bn trong ca bt k svt hin tng no ang c qun st. Kt hp li tt c

th ton b danh tghp"Vipassana Bhavana" c ngha l:"s tu dng tm, nhm mc ch thy bit mt cch c

bit dn n tr tu v s hiu bit trn vn". Chng tahay gi l Thin Minh St.

Trong Thin Minh St, chng ta tu tp phng php

nhn s sng theo cchc bitny. Chng ta tu tp bn

thn nhn thy c thc ti ng nh n l. V chngta gi l phng php nhn thc c bitl Chnhnim. Tin trnh chnh nim tht s khc vi nhng g

chng ta thng lm. Chng ta thng thng chng baogich tm n nhng g ang thc s din ra trc

mt chng ta. Chng ta nhn mi th qua bc mn ca

nhng t duy v quan nim ca chng ta, v chng ta lmtng nhng i tng ca tm l thc ti, (ging nh mt

ngi v mn m ti m lm tng mt si dy l con rn


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vy). Chng ta c b dnh mc vo dng t duy bt tn nhvy v b l thc ti tri qua m khng h bit n. Chng

ta tiu tn thi gian vo sinh hothng ngy, b dnh mctrong mt cuc chy bt tn i tm khoi lc v tha mn

nhu cu, v b kt trn mt chuyn bay bt tn ct cnh tkh au v bt toi nguyn. Chng ta tiu tn tt c sc

lc, c gng c i ch lm cho mnh...cm thy tt hn, chn vi ni s hi ca chng ta. Chng ta khng ngng

i tm s an ninh. Trong khi th gii chn thc tri quam khng c tip xc, khng c nm tri. Vi Thin

Minh St, chng ta tu tp chnh bn thn mnh dp bnhng nhp sng c hu hng ngy mnh cm thyd

chu v th th hn, v nh vy chng ta ln su vo thcti ch thc ca cuc sng. C mt l tht l s bnh an

ch n vi bn khi no bn khng theo ui n. Nu bneo ui n th chng khc no nh gy ng p lng

ngvy.

Khi no bn bung x dc vng tm kim khoi lc, tinnghi, sung sng, th s bnh an mn nguyn tht s s n

vi bn. (Bt tham con ngi s trong sch v nh nhng

th thi hn). Khi bn dp b cuc chy in cung i tmtha mn nhu cu khoi lc, v p thc sca cuc sngs hin ra trong i bn. (Mt ngi sut i ch chy theo

tin bc, ca ci vt cht v danh vng th lm sao thyc v p v l sng chn thc ca cuc i). Khi bn i

tm ti hiu c l chn thc m khng cn b o

tng m lm, sau cng khng cn kh au v mi nguyhi, th l lc bn c c s t do v an ninh ch thc.

(Bnh an v gii thot ch thc ch c c khi bn


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thy c l chn thc ca s sng nh n l, ch khngphi l cuc sng nh ngi i ang nhn di lng

knhy quan nim th tc v li mn t duyc hu). y, chng ti khng phi ang c nhi s mt trit l mi

cho bn. M y l mt thc ti, l l tht, l chn l cas sng m chng ta c th quan st c, bn c th t

mnh nhn thy v chng ng c.

Pht gio hn 2,550 nm, v t tng ca trit l cxa ny c nhiu thi gian pht trin thnh nhiu

tngnhiu lp trit l v nghi thc cho n hm nay. Tuynhin, thi ct li v cao p ca o Pht l khng p

t t tng v khng lin quan g n thn quyn. cPht C-m l ngi khng thch kiu chnh thng cng

nhc v l ngi khng ch trng truyn thng gio iu.Pht cha bao gi a ra mt li dy theo kiu gio iu,

m ch nh l nhng li ngh hay gi mi c nhnt mnh tm hiu v t mnh chng nghim ci g l ng

ci g l sai.

Li ca Pht l li mi gi tng mi ngi v mi

ngi n v Thy, n thy ch khng phi n tin. Mt trong nhng iu c Pht khuyn dy cc tca mnh l ng t ai bn trn ci u ca mnh.

Ngha l g? Ngha l ng chp nhn li ni ca ngikhc l ng hay sai.Phi tng mnh tri nghim v kim

chng ci g l ng, ci g l sai.

Chng ti cng mun cc bn p dng thi nykhic tng cu ch trong quyn sch ny!. Chng ti khng


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phi ang tuyn thuyt nhng iu bn c c v chpnhn mt cch d dng ch vl dochng ti l ngi bit

rnh v lnh vc thin ny. Nim tin m qung chng linquan g n tinh thn quyn sch ny. C nhng thc ti,

nhng l thtthucv tri nghim v cn bn phi t tringhim. Bn ch cn hc v iu chnh cch cm nhn v

s sng theo s hng dn trong sch ny, v bn s tmnh thybit c mi s cho chnh mnh, bi chnh

mnh.iu , v ch c th l iu , mi chnh l c scho nim tin ca bn. Thin Minh St l s t tm ti khm

ph chnh mnh.

Nhn tin ni v vn ny, chng ti xin ni ngn gnv mt s im chnh ca trit l Pht gio. Chng ti

khng c bn lun rng ri v Pht gio, v nhng tiny c trnh by mt cch tuyt vi trong nhiu kinh

vn v ging lunkhcnhau. Cn y cn bn chxoayquanh ti Thin Minh St, v chng ti ch trnh bymt s trit lcn bnca Pht gio gip bn hiu thmv ch thinca quyn sch ny.

Theo quan im ca Pht gio, loi ngi sng theomt kiu rt k l. Chng ta coi nhng th lun bin i vthng l bt bin, c nh, trng tn mc d chng ta

u nhn thy mi s xung quanh ta lun bin i. Tintrnh bin i l lin tc v bt tn. Khi bn ang c

quyn sch ny, c thca bn cng ang gi i. Nhng

bn chng h tm vo iu . Quyn sch trong taybn cng ang bin hoi h hao i. Ch in ang phai dn

v cctrang giy cng ang c gin i. Nhng bc tng


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ch bn ngi cng ang c i. Nhng phn t bn trongbc tng cng ang xung ng, v tt c mi th ang

chuyn ha, bin hoi v phn thnh nhiu mnh v tan rdn dn theo thi gian. Bn cng khng h ch tm n

iu . Ri mt ngy bun tnh bn nhn xung quanhmnh. Thn th mnh nhn nheo v lm khm v d au

bnh. Quyn sch chuyn mu a vng, ch cn l mtm giy ph thi v dng. Tng vch th lch h nt.

Bn gi i, tiu ty v thixun sc qua v bng nhinngi khc mt mnh nhn nhng g c c ngy xa nay

khng cn. Nim au ny n t u?. N n t skhng chnh nim, s thiu ch tm, s v tm ca chnh

mnh v cuc i mnh. Bn khng nhn st cuc imnh. Bn khng quan st mt cch su st dng chy

bin i ca th gian khi n lin tc tri qua. Bn ch lo lpmt b su tp nhng tmto tc [tm hnh] v ci ta, v

ci quyn sch, tng nh, v bn c cho rngchng lbt bin, l tn ti mi mi. Chng khng phi vy. Chng

lun bin i v tan r. Nhng by gi bn vn cn c thnhy vo dng chy lin tc ca s sng. Bn vn cn

c th hc cch cm nhn s sng ng l s chuyn ng

ca mt dng chy lin tc, n tht p nh mt v iu hay mt bn giao hng. Bn c th hc c cch hoan hvui ti trong dng sinh dit bt tn ca mi hin tng

trn i. Bn c th hc cch sng chung vi dng chycuc i hn l c mi mi trn chy hay i ngc dng

vi n. Bn c th hc c. Ch l vn ca thi gian v

tu tp.


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Nhng thi quen cm nhn ca con ngi l rt ngu dtv u m theo nhiu cch. Chng ta l l v tm vi 99%

nhng xc tc m chng ta nhn c t bn ngoi cnhtrn, v chng ta cng c 1% cn li thnh nhng i

tng ca tm. Ri sau , chng ta phn ng vi nhngi tng ca tm [mi php] theo nhng thi quen [tp

kh] c lp trnhthnh l thi trong u trtlu.

V d: Mt hm ta ngi im trong mt m tnh lng.Ri ngoi kia c ting ch sa. Tht ra ci cm nhn ca ta

lc l rt p nu ta chu ch tm quan st s cm nhn. Gia khng gian tnh lng dng ln mt ln sng xung

ng camthanh. Ta c th lng nghe mt khc m vcphc hp, trm bng, cao thp, rt hay, chng to thnh

nhng kch thch in t trong h thn kinh ca mnh. Mitin trnh m thanh l rt p v t n rt hon ho. Nhng

loi ngi chng ta thng khng bao gi n chng.Thay v vy, chng ta ch n con ch, to chp s nhn

thc thnh mt i tng ca tm, l ch, hn l mthanh. Ri chng ta t tn dn nhn cho s chp to ,

ri phn ng li bng mt lot cc phn x thuc v tnh

cm v quan nim c hu v nhng tn nhn . (Nhngtn hay nhn c chp to nh vy c gi l nhnghnh nh trong tm hay tm nh). Thng th chng ta ch

ngh v con ch kiu nh vy:

Li l con ch na. N lun lun sa gia m

khuya. Tht l bc mnh. N ng l s phin phc hngm. Ai phi lm g n ch. C l ti nn gi cnh st.

hm khng, gi i bt ch ch. Vy, ti gi trung


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tm nht th vt i lc. Hay khng, c l ti vit th niphi quy vi nh ch ca con ch . Nhng coi chng

rc ri na. Thi tt nht ti ly hai ci bt tai l xong.Nhng phn x nh vych l nhng thi quen nhn thc

[tp kh] ca tm. l thi tm. Chng ta hc cchphn ng theo thi nh vy t nhng ngy th b bng

cch sao chp, bt chc nhng thi quen ca mi ngixung quanh. Nhng phn x thucv nhn thc khng

phi l di truyn trong cu trc h thn kinh.Nhng ykhng phi l cch duy nht m b my tm thc c

dng. Rng: c nhng th c hc v c btchc c thc x b i. Bc u tin l phi nhn ra

bn ang lm ci g, ngay khi bn ang lmn, v li li,v lng l quan st n.

Theo quan im ca Pht gio, con ngi c mt ci

nhn ngc ngo v cuc sng. Nhng th thc s lngun gc ca kh au th ta coi nh l hnh phc.

Nguyn nhn ngun gc ca mi kh au chnh l tTham-Sn nh chng ta ni trc y. Mi s khi sinh

u tora mt nhn thc. Bt k th gmt c gi p,

mt anh chng p trai, mt con thuyn tc , mt tn stth vi sng trong tay, mt chic xe ti ang m vmnh... bt k th g. Cho d n l g, th lp tc sau

chng ta phn x ngay vi i tng kch thch bngmt cm gic [cm th] v n.

V d, hy ly s lo u. Chng ta lo u iu. Bnthn s lo lng khng l vn . Lo lng l mt tin trnh.

N c cc bc. Lo lng bt an khng phi l mt trng


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thi ca s tn ti m l mt din bin. Ci chng ta cnlm l nhn ngay vo ch bt u ca din bin , nhng

khc ban u dn dn khi sinh ln tin trnh, nh lnhng mchnc vo to ra dng sui vy. Mi mc

xch u tinca s lo lng bt an chnh l phn x nmgi/chi b ca tm. Ngay sau khi mt s g chm xc

vi tm, (tm) chng ta lin c nm gi hay chi b ngaylp tc(i).

(V d: Khi ang i bng, hay khi thy thc n thm

ngon, chng ta chp ly hay mun n ngay. ang no n,hay ang bnh yu, hay gpphi n d, chng ta t chi

hay chi b n ngay. Cng nh vy, nhiu thi i cngng bun nh thi tm. Khi ta gp ngi b ngoi p ,

sang trng, giu c ta thng c nm gi quan h giao ho,bt qung lm h. Khng quenbitcng ni chuyn thn

mt. Khng h hng cng gn ghp h ni h ngoi.Khng ng hng cng gn ghp gn xa, khen ngi quhngca khch. Cn khi ta gp ngi xu x, thp hn,ngho nn, ta thng khng cho hi thni, khng mun

ni chuyn nhiu, ngichung bn nhng ngi trnh xa v

thm ch cng chng thm hi ngi y tn g. C nh sngi ta nh v hay nhn ra mnh l h hng ca h vy.Thi i cng l thi tm, t n hc, t gio dc cha m, t

bt chc cuc sng v t bn nng sinh tn hn thua mto tc trong tm).

Quay li v s lo lng bt anch (i) trn:Ri sau hng chui nhng lo u phn ng thnh mt chuyn ng.

( l nhng chui phn ng c iu kin, thng qua s


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hc, s bt chcv nhng ngun tc ng ca cnhtrn v i sng x hi ca nhn loi xung quanh lu ngy

c hun tp vtc thnh nhng tp kh hay thi tm).May mn thay, c mt cng c c gi l Thin Minh St

(Vipassana) m chng ta c th dng lm on mch,lm tt ngng ton b ci c ch thi tmc hu ca

tm. (Ging nh mt mng in hay in t ang chytheo c ch lp trnh t lu ca n. Chng ta ct mt dng

mch hay mt go nc vo , lp tc mng in s bon mch v cht myngay. C ch c b ph b.)

Thin Minh Stch cho chng ta cch d xt tin trnh

nhn thc ca chng ta vi s chnh xc cao. Chng ta hccch quan st s khi sinh ca ngh [ hnh] v nhn

thc[tng]bng mt cm gic v t bnh lng. Chng tahc cch nhn nhng phn x ca chng ta i vi nhng

chm xc kch thch t bn ngoi bng s bnh tnh vminh bch. Chng ta bt u nhn thy r mnh phn ng

m khng bdnh chp hay can thip vo nhng phn ng. Bn cht m nh ca ngh theo thi tm lu ngy s

t t tt lm. Chng ta vn c th c v, hay c chng.

Chng ta vn cn trnh n c chicxe ti ang lao tita.Tuy nhin, chng ta khng cn phi lao vo hn nhn nuiu ch l c mng;hay chng ta khng cn phi i v

ln ca xe ti trn ng cao tc khi xe ti vn thngxuyn chy qua.(Chng ta khng cn phi lm nhng th

m ta bit chl rc ha vo thn.)

S thot khi bn cht m nh ca ngh theo thi

quen c hu, nh mi ni trn, to ra mt cch nhn hon


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ton mi v thc ti. l s chuyn i ton din, sthay i hon ton ci c ch nhn thc c hu trc y.

N cng mang li nim hnh phc c c nh gii thotkhi s m nh eo bm; mt cm gic bnh an v ng

n ( l chnh t duy v chnh kin), mt nim vui micho i sng v mt cm nhn trnvn lnh mnh i vi

mi hotng sng.Nh nhng li ch ny

chanh niem giang bang ngon ngu thong thuong

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