Lecture 02

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新生 舊生 轉學生

新生： 50 人舊生： 5 人轉學生： 0 人

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修本課之目標0

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50個人興趣Series2

課程計畫需求Series4

(1) 個人興趣： 8 人(2) 課程計畫需求： 44 人(3) 未來就業需求： 3 人

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4% 18%

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預計修課成績目標

及格就好

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70-80 ： 18人80 以上： 14人60-70 ： 9人90 以上： 6人及格就好： 2人

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希望在班上的落點

前 5%

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不在乎

前 5% ： 6 人前 15% ： 19人前 25% ： 11人前 50% ： 10人不在乎： 2 人

What is Business?

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.

McGraw-Hill/IrwinIntroduction to Business

Chapter One

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Chapter 1 What is Business?(cont’d)

1. Differentiate the three meanings of business as commerce, occupation and organization and identify the four main kinds of productive resources.

2. Understand the forces of supply and demand determine fair or market price.

3. Appreciate how a company’s business model is the source of its competitive advantage and the difference between profit and profitability

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Chapter 1 What is Business?

4. Recognize the way specialization and the division of labor through the “invisible had of the market” lead to increasing profit and wealth.

5. List the reasons why business organizations are created to structure business exchanges and facilitate business commerce.

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競爭法則

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The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation, and

Organizations

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.

McGraw-Hill/IrwinIntroduction to Business

Chapter Two

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

1. Understand the possession of property rights work to control productive resources are used in society.

2. Define the system of feudalism( 封建制度 ), and the issues in combining land and labor to speed the accumulation of capital.

3. Appreciate the functions of money in business and how the development of money promoted the rapid development of capital and enterprise.

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

4. Describe the system of mercantilism （重商主義） , and appreciate the role played by merchants, and bankers in speeding the development in global trade.

5. Explain the causes of the industrial revolution and the development of capitalism, unionism, and the class system.

6. Explain how and why the form of business organization used to manage business commerce has changed over time.

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• Property rights are the cornerstone of our society’s economics system

• You have the right to buy, own, and sell land and any buildings on that land

• You may own the mineral rights of that land and may own some of the air rights above the land

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• Someone once said to “buy land” - as they are not making any more”

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• Recall from the previous chapter – the law of demand • As demand increases for your land, what is going to

happen to the price of this land?

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• Evaluate Joe to Go video as it relates to Innovation and Technology and its significance to Entrepreneurship

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• You have the right to own financial assets such as stocks, bonds and money

• You own your labor and the right to work freely (for an agreeable wage)

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• You may own rights to a product’s patent or copyright

• Should you be allowed to download copyrighted music for free?

• If so, what incentive is there to produce?

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• These property rights allow you to control the use of productive resources in business hopefully more effectively and efficiently than your competitors

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• Business and its related activities began three to six thousand years ago

• Think of the division of labor needed to build the pyramids in Egypt

• Think of the food and water needed for a very valuable resource – labor

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• If not building pyramids or hunting dinosaurs, cooperation was necessary to accomplish the task

• It took leaders or rulers to plan, organize, and control the tasks among people

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

Feudalism • Land and other resources were given by a king to the

nobility and they in turn controlled the proletariats （勞工階級） or peasants （小耕農） who worked the land for a hut and a subsistence wage

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

Feudalism• The absence of motivation on the part of the peasants

gave rise to tenant farmers （佃農） sharing in more of the till and toil of the land

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• English aristocracy( 貴族 ) provided maximum resources for a small nobility and subsistence for the majority

• The Industrial Revolution mechanized not only agriculture but society as a whole

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

Mercantilism • Merchants saw opportunities to trade at a profit

• E-Bay.com could be today’s counterpart to

Mercantilism as how many folks are both buying and selling (as an agent for a third party) the same product online?

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• Mercantilism has evolved into Capitalism today, as private industrialists produce, trade, and distribute products

• Evaluate eBay.com and relate to Mercantilism and Capitalism

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• As our economic system evolved, it became convenient to use a medium of exchange, such as money, to trade rather than barter with a good of dissimilar value

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• Not only does money facilitate trade using a common currency for product price comparison across the land but the exchange process is more efficient and therefore more profitable

•Evaluate the EU site and describe their medium of exchange

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• The use of money increases occupational specialization (similar to outsourcing of today) and the wealth that can be generated from labor and land

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• Craftspeople facilitated the occupational specialization by producing higher quality goods

• Demand increased the general wealth of a society increased as the craftspeople prospered

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• Craftspeople formed guilds （協會組織） that operated as monopolies and were able to regulate the quality and quantity of the goods they made and sold

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

The Industrial Revolution • Increasing change and the growth of capitalism, led to

technological progress and the most significant change in the business system

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

Innovation• Advances in technology changed the ways of

business

• Evaluate Microsoft’s homework templates and tutorials and relate to Innovation and technology

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• Change was pervasive （普遍的） in both farming and manufacturing as the use of technology could be used more efficiently than labor such as steam power or interchangeable parts to build sewing machines to manufacture clothing

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

Capitalism • Private ownership of the means of production and

distribution (property rights)

• Its growth was not without its faults as some folks were ruthless and pursued their own self interest at the expense of others

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• Capitalist factory owners exerted their economic power with greater demands upon labor

• Declining wages and longer work hours created a proletariat （無產階級） working class and the workers reacted by forming trade unions

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• The Industrial Revolution and the rise of capitalism contributed to the creation of a class system based upon wealth and occupation as opposed to heredity （遺傳） as in aristocracy （貴族）

• Evaluate/identify five factors contributing to the Industrial Revolution

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• Given additional education, enterprise and hard work in the future, this system will no longer be illustrated

as a triangle but will evolve into a “great middle class”

• Illustrated as a diamond with the middle band as the “middle-middle” class between the upper middle class and lower-middle class

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• As business commerce evolved so did the forms of business organizations used to increase the productivity and profitability of productive resources

• The hierarchy of authority evolved early to reduce the transaction costs surrounding business activity

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

• The joint stock company corporation evolved to make it easier for enterprising people to borrow capital to pursue new ventures and for wealthy people to find new ways in which they could build their capital and increase their wealth

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Chapter 2The Evolution of Business: Commerce, Occupation,

and Organizations

Evaluate the evolution of an entrepreneurial business in the

Joe To Go video and relate to commerce and business organization