chap1 - mạng máy tính

18/08/2014

1

Mng my tnh

Ging vin: Bi Trng TngB mn Truyn thng v Mng my tnh

Vin Cng ngh thng tin v Truyn thngi hc Bch khoa H Ni

1

V mn hc ny

M HP: IT3080

Tn hc phn: Mng my tnh

Khi lng: 3(3-1-0-6)

nh gi: Qu trnh (30%): bi tp ln, chuyn cn, tho lun...

Cui k (70%): thi vit

Thc hnh: 3 bi, khng bt buc (cng 0-1 im vo im thi cui k cho mi bi )

Website: http://soict.hust.edu.vn/~tungbt/it3080

Hn ng k bi tp ln: trc ngy 13/09/2014

2

18/08/2014

2

Ti liu tham kho

[KR] Networking: a top-down approach featuring the Internet, 6th Edition, James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross, Addison Wesley 2012

[PB] TCP/IP tutorial and technical overview, Lydia Parziale, David T.Britt, IBM Redbooks 2006

[WS] Data and Computer Communications, 8th Edition William Stallings, Pearson Prentice Hall 2007

3

Ging vin

Bi Trng Tng, Vin CNTT&TT - BK HN

Email : [email protected]

a ch : phng 801 nh B1 BKHN

Website: http://soict.hust.edu.vn/~tungbt

FB: /groups/QA.TungBT

4

18/08/2014

3

Chng 1. Tng quan v mng my tnh v truyn thng

5

1. C bn v mng my tnh

6

18/08/2014

4

ARPA: Advanced Research Project AgencyUCLA: University California Los Angeles SRI: Stanford Research InstituteIMP: Interface Message Processor

Source: http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/historical.html

1.1. Lch s Internet

Bt u t mt th nghim ca d n ca ARPA

Mt lin kt gia hai nt mng (IMP ti UCLA v IMP ti SRI)

7

3 thng sau, 12/1969

Mt mng hon chnh vi 4 nt, 56kbps

UTAHSRI

UCSBUCLA

UCSB:University of California, Santa Barbara

UTAH:University of Utah

source: http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/historical.html8

18/08/2014

5

ARPANET thi k u, 1971

Mng pht trin vi tc thm mi nt mt thng

Source:http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/historical.html 9

Thp nin 70: Kt ni lin mng, kin trc mng mi v cc mng ring

10

18/08/2014

6

S m rng ca ARPANET, 1974

Lu lng mi ngy vt qu 3.000.000 gi tinsource:http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/historical.html

11

Thp nin 70

T u 1970 xut hin cc mng ring:

ALOHAnet ti Hawaii

DECnet, IBM SNA, XNA

1974: Cerf & Kahn nguyn l kt ni cc h thng m (Turing Awards)

1976: Ethernet, Xerox PARC

Cui 1970: ATM

12

18/08/2014

7

Thp nin 80: Cc giao thc mi, kt ni thm mng mi

13

1981: Xy dng mng NSFNET

NSF: National Science Foundation

Phc v cho nghin cu khoa hc, do s qu ti ca ARPANET

14

18/08/2014

8

1986: Ni kt USENET& NSFNET

Source: http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/historical.html

15

Thm nhiu mng v giao thc mi Thm nhiu mng mi ni vo: MFENET,

HEPNET (Dept. Energy), SPAN (NASA), BITnet, CSnet, NSFnet, Minitel

TCP/IP c chun ha v ph bin vo1980

Berkeley tch hp TCP/IP vo BSD Unix

Dch v: FTP, Mail, DNS

16

18/08/2014

9

Thm nhiu mng v giao thc mi

Thm nhiu mng mi ni vo: MFENET, HEPNET (Dept. Energy), SPAN (NASA), BITnet, CSnet, NSFnet, Minitel

TCP/IP c chun ha v ph bin vo1980

Berkeley tch hp TCP/IP vo BSD Unix

Dch v: FTP, Mail, DNS

17

Thp nin 90: Web v thng mi ha Internet

18

18/08/2014

10

Thp nin 90

u 90: ARPAnet ch l mt phn ca Internet

u 90: Web

HTML, HTTP: Berners-Lee

1994: Mosaic, Netscape

Cui 90: Thng mi

ha Internet

Cui 1990s 2000s:

Nhiu ng dng mi: chat, chia s file P2P

E-commerce, Yahoo, Amazon, Google

> 50 triu my trm, > 100 triu NSD

Vn an ton an ninh thng tin!

Internet dnh cho tt c mi ngi

Tt c cc dch v phi quan tm ti vn ny 19

Lc s Internet Vit Nam 1991: N lc kt ni Internet khng thnh. (V mt l do no )

1996: Gii quyt cc cn tr, chun b h tng Internet ISP: VNPT

64kbps, 1 ng kt ni quc t, mt s NSD

1997: Vit Nam chnh thc kt ni Internet 1 IXP: VNPT

4 ISP: VNPT, Netnam (IOT), FPT, SPT

2007: Mi nm Internet Vit Nam 20 ISPs, 4 IXPs

19 triu NSD, 22.04% dn s 20

18/08/2014

11

Thng k gn y

Source: Vnnic, http://www.thongkeinternet.vn

22.8

26.8

30.5 31.3

24.4

26.55

31.11

35.03 35.58

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2008 2009 2010 2011 20120.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0 %Triu ngi

S ngi dng Internet Vit Nam

S ngi dng

T l dn s

21

Bng thng kt ni i quc t (Mbps), Thng 7/2013

Tng cng: 486173.0 Mbps

Thng 6/2014: 790003 Mbps

22

18/08/2014

12

Bng thng kt ni i quc t

23

1.2. Cc khi nim c bn

24

18/08/2014

13

Mng my tnh l g?

Tp hp cc my tnh kt ni vi nhau da trn mt kin trc no c th trao i d liu

My tnh: my trm, my ch, b nh tuyn

Kt ni bng mt phng tin truyn

Theo mt kin trc mng

25

ng truyn vt l

L cc phng tin vt l c kh nng truyn dn tn hiu

Phn loi:

Hu tuyn: cp xon, cp ng trc, cp quang,

V tuyn: sng radio, viba, sng hng ngoi,

Mt s yu t c trng:

Bng tn

tin cy : t l bt li khi truyn

suy hao

26

18/08/2014

14

Kin trc mng Cc nt mng kt ni vi nhau nh th no? (Hnh trng

Topology) Topology vt l: hnh trng da trn cp kt ni

Bus Ring (Vng) Star (Sao) Mesh (Li)

Topology logic: hnh trng da trn cch thc truyn tn hiu: im im, im-a im

v trao i d liu vi nhau nh th no? (Giao thc Protocol)

27

Mt vi v d

Mng Internet

Mng ni b c quan, trng hc

Mng gia nh

H thng ATM ca ngn hng

Mng in thoi

...

28

18/08/2014

15

Mng Internet

Trn 5 t thit b kt ni2.5 t ngi dngng truyn: cp

quang, cp ng, Wimax, 3G

Truyn ti hng nghn TeraByte/s

Dch v: Web, email, mng x hi, Skype

wiredlinks

wirelesslinks

router

mobile network

global ISP

regional ISP

home network

institutionalnetwork

smartphone

PC

server

wirelesslaptop

29

Internet of things

30

18/08/2014

16

Mng Internet

Mng ca cc mng (Network of networks)

Internet

Lm th no kt ni hng triu h thng mng vi nhau?

31

Kin trc Internet: Mng ca cc mng

Kt ni mt mng vi tt c cc mng khc?

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnetaccess

net

accessnet

Khng c kh nng m rng: S lng kt ni O(n2)

32

18/08/2014

17

Kin trc Internet: Mng ca cc mng Kt ni mi mng vo mt trm chuyn tip ca mt nh

cung cp ton cu (global ISP)

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnetaccess

net

accessnet

globalISP

33

Kin trc Internet: Mng ca cc mng Thm nhiu ISP...

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnetaccess

net

accessnet

ISP B

ISP A

ISP C

IXP

IXP

Kt ni ngang hng

Trm trung chuyn Internet

34

18/08/2014

18

Kin trc Internet: Mng ca cc mng Thm cc mng khu vc (regional network)...

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnetaccess

net

accessnet

ISP B

ISP A

ISP C

IXP

IXP

regional net

35

Kin trc Internet: Mng ca cc mng Mng li v mng bin

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnet

accessnetaccess

net

accessnet

ISP B

ISP A

ISP C

IXP

IXP

regional net

36

18/08/2014

19

Kin trc mng

Mng bin (network edge): Nt mng u cui (end-

system, host): PC, in thoi, my ch, my tnh nhng...

Mng truy nhp (access network): ng truyn, thit b kt ni (router, switch, hub, tng i...)

Mng li (network core): ng truyn, thit b kt ni Mng ca cc mng

Mi ch cp n kha cnh Kt ni nh th no?

mobile network

global ISP

regional ISP

home network

institutionalnetwork

37

2. Chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi

Chuyn tip d liu qua cc kt ni

nh th no?

38

18/08/2014

20

2.1. t vn

Kt ni im-im gia 2 host

Thng s ca kt ni:

Bng thng (bandwith - R): lng d liu truyn ti a trong mt n v thi gian (bps bit per second)

Tr (Latency): thi gian truyn d liu t A n B

Tr truyn ti: Kch thc d liu / Bng thng

Tr truyn dn: di lin kt / Tc tn hiu (~2x108 m/sec)

A B

39

Kt ni im-im gia 2 host

Truyn 100B t A n B

time=0

A B

100Byte packet

Time

1Mbps, 1ms

Thi gian truyn1 bit = 1/106s

Thi gian truyn800 bits=800x1/106s

Thi im bitu tin ti B= 1/106+1/103s

Thi im bitcui cng ti B

(800x1/106)+1/103s= 1.8ms

40

18/08/2014

21

Kt ni gia nhiu host

im-im gia mi cp

Hn ch?

41

Kt ni gia nhiu nt mng

im-a im: S dng 1 ng truyn chung cho tt c truyn thng qung b

Hn ch?

42

18/08/2014

22

Kt ni gia nhiu nt mng

Gii php: mng chuyn mch

Mi host kt ni vi 1 thit b chuyn mch

Cc thit b chuyn mch kt ni im-im

Chia s ti nguyn ng truyn

4

3

51

2

Cu hi: Lm th no xc nh c tuyn ng?Tr li: nh tuyn

43

A

B

D

C

E F

G

2.2. Chuyn mch knh Circuit switching network: cp pht ti nguyn ng

truyn (vt l) dnh ring cho tng kt ni (logic) gia 2 nt mng

(1) A pht yu cu xin thit lp knh(2) Cc thit b chuyn mch thit lp knh (v cp pht ti nguyn)(3) A bt u truyn d liu(4) A truyn xong: pht yu cu hy knh (gii phng ti nguyn)

4

3

51

2

A

B

10Mb/s?

10Mb/s?

10Mb/s?

44

10Mb/s?

18/08/2014

23

Chia s ti nguyn

Chia knh theo thi gian: mi kt ni s dng ti nguyn trong khe thi gian c phn

Chia knh theo tn s: mi kt ni s dng mt di tn tn hiu ring

tf

t

45

Gin thi gian

Information

t

Thit lp knh

Truyn d liu

Hy knh

A BSw1 Sw2

46

18/08/2014

24

u im v nhc im u im:

Knh c thit lp sn Tr khi chuyn mch rt thp

Ti nguyn dnh ring cho knh v khng i trong qu trnh truyn m bm cht lng dch v

Nhc im?

47

Nhc im

InformationTransfer

t

Thit lp knh

Truyn d liu

Hy knh

48

Sw1 Sw2

18/08/2014

25

Nhc im

Information

t

Thit lp knh

Truyn d liu

Hy knh

49

Sw1 Sw2

Nhc im

Bt u li qu trnh nu li trn thit b chuyn mch khi truyn

4

3

51

2

A

B

50

18/08/2014

26

2.3. Chuyn mch gi D liu c chia thnh cc gi tin (packet)

Phn tiu (header): a ch, s th t

Phn d liu (payload)

Thit b chuyn mch chuyn tip gi tin da trn tiu

01000111100010101001110100011001

HeaderData

headerpayload

51

Chuyn tip gi tin

ti FTU

NUCE

NEU

ti HUBT

Destination Next Hop

NEU 4

NUCE 5

FTU 2

HUBT 3

Forwarding Table

111010010 FTU

switch#2

switch#5

switch#3

switch#4

HUST

52

switch#1

18/08/2014

27

Gin thi gian

t

payload

hdr

A BSw Thit b chuyn mch ch chuyn tip khi nhn c y gi tin (store and forward)

Thit b chuyn mch cn thi gian x l gi tin (dproc): Kim tra li trn gi tin

Quyt nh gi tin gi n u

Thng rt nh so vi tr truyn tin

dproc

53

Chuyn mch gi Mi gi tin c th c x l c lp

Cc gi tin c th ti ch theo cc ng khc nhau, khng cn ng th t

Ti nguyn dng chung cho tt c cc kt ni Nu cn ti nguyn, bt k nt no cng c th s dng

54

18/08/2014

28

Chuyn mch gi vs Chuyn mch knh

V d:

Bng thng i 10 Mb/s

Mi kt ni ca ngi dng ti: c cp pht 1 Mb/s

Thi gian s dng truyn d liu: 10% tng thi gian

Mng chuyn mch knh: Ti a 10 ngi dng ng

thi xin cp pht

Mng chuyn mch gi: Gi s c 30 ngi dng s

dng chung

Xc sut >10 ngi dng ng thi truyn d liu l bao nhiu? (~0.0001)

Nusers

10 Mbps

Phn phi nh thc:P(x = k) = Cn

k pk (1-p)n-k

Nu s ngi dng tng ln?

55

Hng i

Hng i (FIFO)

1 Mbps

56

18/08/2014

29

Hng i

1

1

57

Hng i (FIFO)

Hng i

1 1

58

Hng i (FIFO)

22

18/08/2014

30

Hng i

2 2 1 1

59

Hng i (FIFO)

Hng i

60

Hng i (FIFO)

18/08/2014

31

Mt gi tin

Kch thc hng i c hn

Gi tin ti khi hng i y s b mt

61

Tng kt Chuyn mch knh:

Mi knh ch dng cho duy nht 1 lin kt

Bo m bng thng (cn cho cc ng dng audio/video)

Lng ph nu lin kt khng s dng ht kh nng ca knh

Chuyn mch gi Tng hiu qu s dng bng thng

Tt cho cc dng d liu n ngu nhin, khng nh trc

Hn ch: tng tr v mt gi tin, khng bo m bng thng

Mng Internet dng k thut chuyn mch no?

62

18/08/2014

32

3. Mt s thng s c bn trong mng

63

Cc thng s c bn

Bng thng Tc truyn tin Dung lng

Thng lng

tr

Tr trn thit b u cui

Tr trn thit b trung gian

Tr truyn tin

Tr lan truyn

mt gi tin

64

18/08/2014

33

Thng lng (throughput)

Thng lng: tc (bits/sec) truyn tin gia nt gi v nt nhn ti mt im no Tc thi: thng lng ti mt thi im

Trung bnh: thng lng tnh trung bnh trong mt khong thi gian

Bn gi: gi d liu ln

knh

Knh ckh nng truyn

Rs bits/sec

Knh ckh nng truyn

Rc bits/sec

65

Thng lng (tip)

Rs < Rc Thng lng trung bnh l bao nhiu?

Rs bits/sec Rc bits/sec

Rs > Rc Thng lng trung bnh l bao nhiu?

L im ti lm gii hn thng lng trn ng truyn

Nt tht c chai (bottleneck)

Rs bits/sec Rc bits/sec

66

18/08/2014

34

Nt tht c chai

Xc nh nt tht c chai?

67

tr

dtrans: tr truyn tin: L: kch thc d liu (bits)

R: bng thng (bps)

dtrans = L/R

dprop: tr lan truyn (truyn dn) d: di ng truyn

s: tc lan truyn tn hiu (~2x108

m/sec)

dprop = d/s

lan truyn

x l ti nti trong hng i

dnodal = dproc + dqueue + dtrans + dprop

A

B

truyn tin

68

18/08/2014

35

tr (tip)

dproc: tr x l Kim tra li bit

Xc nh lin kt ra

Thng < sec

A

B

lan truyn

truyn tin

x l ti nti trong hng i

dnodal = dproc + dqueue + dtrans + dprop

dqueue: tr hng i Ph thuc vo s lng

d liu trong hng i

69

Tr hng i

R: bng thng (bps)

L: kch thc gi tin(bits)

a: tc n ca gi tin

La/R

La/R ~ 0: tr hng i nh

La/R 1: tr hng i ln

La/R > 1: tr v cng (mt gi tin)

Tr

tru

ng b

nh tro

ng

hng

i

La/R ~ 0

La/R -> 1

70

18/08/2014

36

4. Kin trc phn tng

Tip tc vi ch Lm th no cc nt mng trao i thng tin?

71

Nguyn tc chia tr Xc nh cc nhim v cn thc hin

T chc, iu phi th t thc hin cc nhim v

Phn nh ai lm nhim v g

V d: CEO cng ty A gi cng vn cho CEO ca cng ty B CEO A: vit cng vn v chuyn cho th k

Th k:

Cho th vo phong b v in tn y CEO B, a ch

em n bu in VNPT

Bu in VNPT:

ng gi bu kin

Ghi a ch bu cc nhn

Chuyn bu kin ln xe th

a bu kin n bu cc nhn 72

18/08/2014

37

Bc th c gi v nhn nh th no?

CEO

Th k

VNPT

CEO

Th k

VNPT

Cc b phn ng cp: Phng tin trao i thng tin ging nhau

Ngn ng ging nhau

Cng vn

Phong b

Bu kin

Ngn ng t nhin

a ch

M bu cc73

Trao i thng tin gia cc nt mng D liu c t chc nh th no?

nh danh nh a ch: Phn bit cc my vi nhau trn mng?

Tm ng i cho d liu qua h thng mng nh th no?

Lm th no pht hin li d liu (v sa)?

Lm th no d liu gi i khng lm qu ti ng truyn, qu ti my nhn?

Lm th no chuyn d liu thnh tn hiu?

Lm th no bit d liu ti ch?...

Phn chia nhim v cho cc thnh phn, t chc cc thnh phn thnh cc tng (layer)

74

18/08/2014

38

Phn tng Mi tng:

C th c mt hoc nhiu chc nng

Trin khai dch v thc hin cc chc nng

Cung cp dch v cho tng trn

S dng dch v tng di

c lp vi cc tng cn li

Mi dch v c th c mt hoc nhiu cch trin khai khc nhau, cho php tng trn la chn dch v ph hp

Li ch:

D dng thit k, trin khai

D dng ti s dng

D dng nng cp 75

im truy cp dch v Service Access Point: l mt im tru tng, ti

tng trn s dng dch v tng di Tng trn ch cn quan tm cch s dng dch v tng di

...khng quan tm ti cch thc thc hin

Quan im lp trnh: li gi hm (function) Tn hm v cc thc truyn i s khng i

Ni dung hm c th thay i

function doMyWork(){//do anythinglowerService(parameters);//do anything

}

76

18/08/2014

39

4.1. Truyn thng trong kin trc phn tng

77

Truyn thng trong kin trc phn tng Cc nguyn l chung:

Tng trn s dng dch v tng di

Cc tng ngang hng s dng chung ngn ng v phng tin trao i d liu

D liu c x l ti mi tng nh th no?

Chia thnh cc n v d liu giao thc - PDU (Protocol Data Unit) gm c Header: cha a ch, thng tin khc h thng mng x l

Payload: d liu cn truyn ti

Chc nng mi tng khc nhau, cch thc x l d liu khc nhau cn phi hp chc nng gia cc tng trong qu trnh truyn ti

78

18/08/2014

40

Truyn thng trong kin trc phn tng Bn gi: thm tiu cha thng tin phc v cho vic

x l d liu ti tng tng ng v chuyn cho tng di (ng gi d liu Encapsulation)

Bn nhn: x l d liu theo thng tin trong phn tiu , tch tiu v chuyn d liu cho tng trn

Tng N

Tng (N-1)

Tng 2

Tng1

Tng N

Tng (N-1)

Tng 2

Tng1

PDUN

HN-1

H2 ...

...H1

...

...PDUN

HN-1

H2 ...

...H1

Gi Nhn 79

Truyn thng trong kin trc phn tng (tip) Nhn xt:

PDU ti cc tng ng cp ca hai bn ging nhau truyn thng gia cc tng ngang hng (truyn thng logic)

Pha nhn phi hiu ni dung PDU ca pha gi

Pha nhn x l PDU nhn c vi cc tham s l thng tin trong tiu m pha gi thit lp

Pha nhn tr li/khng tr li cho pha gi

Cc PDU phi truyn ng theo th t

cn c b quy tc cho hai bn

L tp hp cc quy tc quy nh khun dng, ngngha, th t cc thng ip c gi v nhn gia ccnt mng v cc hnh vi khi trao i cc thng ip

Giao thc (Network protocol)

80

18/08/2014

41

Chng giao thc (Protocol stack)

Cc chc nng c phn chia cho cc tng

Mi tng c nhiu cch thc thc hin cc chc nng sinh ra cc giao thc khc nhau

chng giao thc: ngn xp cc giao thc truyn thng trn kin trc phn tng

Giao thc mi tng bao gm: Gi dch v no ca giao thc tng di

V cung cp dch v cho giao thc tng trn nh th no

Cc giao thc tng N

Cc giao thc tng N-1

Cc giao thc tng 2

Cc giao thc tng 1

...

81

Truyn thng trong kin trc phn tng (tip)

Cc tng ng cp mi bn s dng chung giao thc iu khin qu trnh truyn thng logic gia chng 2 cch thc giao thc iu khin truyn thng logic gia cc

tng ng cp: hng lin kt hoc hng khng lin kt

Tng N

Tng (N-1)

Tng 2

Tng1

Tng N

Tng (N-1)

Tng 2

Tng1

...

...

Giao thc PN

Giao thc PN-1

Giao thc P2

Giao thc P1

82

18/08/2014

42

Truyn thng hng lin kt vs Truyn thng hng khng lin kt

Truyn thng hng lin kt (connection oriented):

D liu c truyn qua mt lin kt c thit lp

Ba giai on: Thit lp lin kt, Truyn d liu, Hy lin kt

Tin cy

Truyn thng hng khng lin kt (conectionless)

Khng thit lp lin kt, ch c giai on truyn d liu

Khng tin cy

Best effort: truyn ngay vi kh nng ti a

83

Giao thcUnicast, Multicast, Broadcast

Unicast: giao thc iu khin truyn d liu ti 1 ch

Multicast: giao thc iu khin truyn d liu ti nhiu ch

Broadcast: giao thc iu khin truyn d liu ti mi ch

84

18/08/2014

43

4.2. M hnh OSI v TCP/IP

Kin trc phn tng trn thc t (Baonhiu tng? Chc nng c th?...)

Kin trc phn tng trin khai trncc nt mng nh th no?

85

M hnh OSI/ISO

Tng ng dng (Application): cung cp cc ng dng trn mng (web, email, truyn file)

Tng Trnh din (Presentation): biu din d liu ca ng dng, e.g., m ha, nn, chuyn i

Tng Phin(Session): qun l phin lm vic, ng b ha phin, khi phc qu trnh trao i d liu

Tng Giao vn (Transport): X l vic truyn-nhn d liu cho cc ng dng chy trn nt mng u-cui

Tng Mng (Network): Chn ng (nh tuyn), chuyn tip gi tin t ngun n ch

Tng Lin kt d liu (Data link): Truyn d liu trn cc lin kt vt l gia cc nt mng k tip nhau

Tng Vt l (Physical): Chuyn d liu (bit) thnh tn hiu v truyn

Application

Preentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data link

Physical

86

18/08/2014

44

Session layer

Transport layer

Application layer

Presentation layer

Network layer

Datalink layer

Physical layer

M hnh OSI v TCP/IPTrong m hnh TCP/IP (Internet), chc nng3 tng trn c phn nh cho mt tng duy nht

Transport layer

Application

HTTP, FTP, SMTP

Network layer

Datalink layer

Physical layer

87

M hnh OSI v TCP/IP

M hnh OSI:

M hnh tham chiu chc nng: Cc m hnh khc phi tham chiu t m hnh OSI

Cung cp y cc chc nng m hnh OSI ch ra

m bo th t cc tng chc nng

C ngha ln v mt c s l thuyt

Khng s dng trn thc t

M hnh TCP/IP: m hnh Internet

S dng trn hu ht cc h thng mng

88

18/08/2014

45

Trin khai kin trc phn tng

Nt mng u cui (end-system): PC, server, smartphone...

Nt mng trung gian: cc thit b mng chuyn tip d liu

Transport

Network

Datalink

Physical

Transport

Network

Datalink

Physical

Network

Datalink

Physical

Application Application

Nt mngu cui

Nt mngtrung gian

Nt mngu cui

89


Nt mng u cui (server, PC, smartphone...)

PC

Server

ng dng mng cung cp dch v cho ngi dng

iu khin truyn d liu gia cc ng dng

Chn ng, chuyn tip d liu

iu khin truyn d liu trn cc lin kt vt l

Chuyn d liu thnh tn hiu v truyn i

90

18/08/2014

46

ng dng mng cung cp dch v cho ngi dng

iu khin truyn d liu gia cc ng dng

Chn ng, chuyn tip d liu

iu khin truyn d liu trn cc lin kt vt l

Chuyn d liu thnh tn hiu v truyn i


Nt mng trung gian

PC

Server

91

Chng giao thc TCP/IP

DNS SMTPDHCP HTTPSNMP FTP

UDP TCP

IP

Ethernet FDDI PPP DSL ARP

Copper Optical Radio PSTN

...

...

...

ICMP RIP OSPF

Aplication

Transport

Network

Data link

Physical

...

S dng duy nht mt giao thc lin mng l IP92

18/08/2014

47

Chng giao thc TCP/IP

Dng ng h ct: s dng duy nht mt giao thc lin mng (IP Internet Protocol) ti tng mng:

Cho php mt h thng mng mi s dng cng ngh truyn dn bt k kt ni vi h thng mng hin ti

Tch ri pht trin ng dng tng cao vi cng ngh truyn dn cc tng thp

IP-based application: ng dng trn nn tng IP (VoIP...)

H tr thay i song song cc cng ngh trn v di IP

Tuy nhin, rt kh nng cp bn thn giao thc IP (vn chuyn i IPv4 sang IPv6)

93

Ci t TCP/IP trn h thng mng

Trn cc h thng u cui Khc nhau trn cc ng

dng khc nhau

Nh nhau trn mi nt

Trn mi nt Khc nhau trn cc lin

kt khc nhau

94

IP

18/08/2014

48

CAT5WDM

Nt mngu cui

Nt mngu cui

Cc nt mng trung gian

CAT5

Ethernet/10M

IP

TCP

FTP

Ethernet/100M

IP

TCP

FTP

WDM

10M

IP

10G

CAT5

10G

IP

CAT5

D liu - payload

ng gi trn chng giao thc TCP/IP

100M

95

CAT5WDMCAT5

Ethernet/10M

IP

TCP

FTP

Ethernet/100M

IP

TCP

FTP

WDM

10M

IP

10G

CAT5

10G

IP

CAT5

TCP header D liu - payload


100M

Nt mngu cui

Nt mngu cui


96

18/08/2014

49

CAT5WDMCAT5

Ethernet/10M

IP

TCP

FTP

Ethernet/100M

IP

TCP

FTP

WDM

10M

IP

10G

CAT5

10G

IP

CAT5

IP header TCP header D liu - payload


100M

Nt mngu cui

Nt mngu cui


97

CAT5WDMCAT5

Ethernet/10M

IP

TCP

FTP

Ethernet/100M

IP

TCP

FTP

WDM

10M

IP

10G

CAT5

10G

IP

CAT5

IP header TCP header D liu - payloadEthernet header


100M

Nt mngu cui

Nt mngu cui


98

18/08/2014

50

CAT5WDMCAT5

Ethernet/10M

IP

TCP

FTP

Ethernet/100M

IP

TCP

FTP

WDM

10M

IP

10G

CAT5

10G

IP

CAT5



100M

Nt mngu cui

Nt mngu cui


99

CAT5WDMCAT5

Ethernet/10M

IP

TCP

FTP

Ethernet/100M

IP

TCP

FTP

WDM

10M

IP

10G

CAT5

10G

IP

CAT5

IP header TCP header D liu - payloadWDM header


100M

Nt mngu cui

Nt mngu cui


100

18/08/2014

51

CAT5WDMCAT5

Ethernet/10M

IP

TCP

FTP

Ethernet/100M

IP

TCP

FTP

WDM

10M

IP

10G

CAT5

10G

IP

CAT5



100M

Nt mngu cui

Nt mngu cui


101

CAT5WDMCAT5

Ethernet/10M

IP

TCP

FTP

Ethernet/100M

IP

TCP

FTP

WDM

10M

IP

10G

CAT5

10G

IP

CAT5

IP header TCP header D liu - payloadEthernet header


Nt mngu cui

Nt mngu cui


102

18/08/2014

52

CAT5WDMCAT5

Ethernet/10M

IP

TCP

FTP

Ethernet/100M

IP

TCP

FTP

WDM

10M

IP

10G

CAT5

10G

IP

CAT5



100M

Nt mngu cui

Nt mngu cui


103

CAT5WDMCAT5

Ethernet/10M

IP

TCP

FTP

Ethernet/100M

IP

TCP

FTP

WDM

10M

IP

10G

CAT5

10G

IP

CAT5

TCP header D liu - payload


100M

Nt mngu cui

Nt mngu cui


104

18/08/2014

53

CAT5WDMCAT5

Ethernet/10M

IP

TCP

FTP

Ethernet/100M

IP

TCP

FTP

WDM

10M

IP

10G

CAT5

10G

IP

CAT5

D liu - payload


100M

Nt mngu cui

Nt mngu cui


105

4.3. nh danh trong TCP/IP

Tn min

S hiu cng

a ch IP

a ch MAC

106

18/08/2014

54

nh danh

Cc nh danh cho php xc nh mt ngi hay mt i tng

Tn Bui Trong Tung

a ch 1 Dai Co Viet, Hai Ba Trung, Ha Noi

S in thoi 8680896

Email [email protected]

107

nh danh v cy phn cp

Cc nh danh xc nh a ch c tnh phn cp Cho php qun l mt cc logic v hiu qu mt khng gian a

ch khng l

Tnh m rng

V d v tnh phn cp a ch

1 Dai Co Viet, Hai Ba Trung, Ha Noi

S in thoi

+84-(4) 868-08-96

Hanoi

Dai Co Viet

Hai Ba Trung

So 1108

18/08/2014

55

nh danh trn kin trc phn tng

nh danh trong h thng mng my tnh: gn cho mi i tng (dch v, my trm, thit b mng) mt gi tr ring.

Ti sao phi nh danh? Phn bit cc i tng trong h thng

Xc nh d liu xut pht t u

Xc nh d liu i n u

Mi tng c nhim v khc nhau iu khin vic truyn thng tin gia nhng i tng khc nhau mi tng c c ch nh danh khc nhau Cng mt i tng c th mang nhiu nh danh c th cn

c ch phn gii tm kim mt nh danh ca i tng trn tng ny khi bit nh danh ca i tng tng khc

109

nh danh trn TCP/IP

application

TCP/UDP

IP

data link

physical

Physical address / MAC addresse.g. 00:11:24:79:8e:82

IP address, e.g. 203.12.15.165

Domain name (tn min)

Port number (S hiu cng D)

110

18/08/2014

56

Tn min (Domain name) nh danh s dng trn tng ng dng

L mt chui k t gi nh

Do ngi dng s dng khi truy cp dch v trn tng ng dng

Khng c ngha khi truyn d liu gia cc nt mng

Phn cp

V d: soict.hust.edu.vn

111

S hiu cng ng dng

nh danh s dng trn tng giao vn

16 bit

Mt ch s ph, dng km theo a ch IP

Cc ng dng c dnh danh bi mt a ch IP v mt s hiu cng

Tng t nh s phng trong mt ta nh a ch nh : Nh C1, 1 Dai Co Viet, Ha Noi => a ch IP

Phng s 325 => S hiu cng

E.g. HTTP cng 80, FTP cng 20, 21

112

18/08/2014

57

a ch IP nh danh dng trn tng mng Dng trong giao thc IP - Internet Protocol (tng mng)

Gi tr ph thuc tng mng, mi card mng c gn mt a ch IP

S dng inh danh mt my tnh trong mt mng IP, v d:

133.113.215.10 (ipv4)

2001:200:0:8803::53 (ipv6)

113

a ch dng trn tnglin kt d liu

48 bit

a ch vt l / a ch MAC S dng trong tng lin kt d liu

C nh trn card mng NIC ( Network Interface Card)

S dng nh danh my tnh trong mng cc b

00:11:24:79:8e:8200000000 00010001 00100100 01111001 10001110 10000010

HEX

OUI Gn bi nh sn xut

OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier): M nh sn xutMi nh sn xut c cc gi tr OUI ringMi nh sn xut c th c nhiu OUI

BIN

114

18/08/2014

58

Tng kt v phn tng v chng giao thc

Li ch?

Hn ch?

115

Kh nng cng tc

Rt nhiu cng ngh c trin khai theo nhiu cch rt khc nhau trn cc nt mng: Phn cng ca nhng NSX khc nhau: IBM, Dell, Fujitsu,

Apple...

HH khc nhau: Linux, Windows, MacOS, Android, iOS...

Ngi dng s dng cc ng dng khc nhau: Firefox, Chrome, Cc Cc...

Thit b mng ca nhng NSX khc nhau: Cisco, TP-Link...

V lun lun thay i

Phew!

Nhng tt c u c th ni chuyn vi nhau vchng s dng chung giao thc

116

18/08/2014

59

Tru tng v ti s dng Mi tng c nhiu la chn giao thc s dng:

Tng vt l: cp quang, ADSL, 3G, LTE...

Tng lin kt d liu: Ethernet, Token Ring, SONET, FDDI...

Giao vn: TCP, UDP

Nhng gc nhn ca tng ng dng: Mozilla (v tt c NSX khc) khng phi vit trnh duyt Firefox (v tt c ng dng khc) vi 1 phin bn cho mng LAN, 1 cho mng cp quang, 1 cho mng WiFi... Cc giao thc cung cp API chun pht trin ng dng

Cc tng thp trong sut vi tng ng dng

117

Trong sut

Cng ngh trn mi tng thc hin cc phng thc truyn thng khc nhau

Thay th cng ngh cc tng c th thc hin song song

Min l gi nguyn im truy cp dch v SAP

Thay th cng ngh mt tng khng nh hng n cc tng khc

118

18/08/2014

60

Hn ch

Mt s thng tin tng di b n (do tnh trong sut) i vi tng trn c th lm gim hiu nng hot ng ca tng trn (v do lm gim hiu nng hot ng ca mng) V d: TCP phi kim sot tc nghn trn ng truyn

Phn tiu c kch thc ng k trong gi tin

Mt s cng ngh tng di c th lm giao thc tng trn thc hin kh khn hn: V d: TCP trn mng khng dy

TCP/IP khng c cc c ch an ton bo mt thng tin

119

Ti liu tham kho Keio University

Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach, J.Kurose

Computer Network, Berkeley University

120

chap1 - mạng máy tính

Documents