chapter 04 - introduction to tcpip protocols

Network + TCP/IP :

[email protected]

www.linuxmotto.ir

TCP/IP TCP/IP OSI IPv6 IPv4 TCP/IP DHCP DNS TCP/IP TCP/IP Application

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protol/Internet Protocol

Protocol Suite TCP/IP

TCP, IP UDP ,ARP

ARPANET

TCP/IP

LAN segment LAN

:

OSI TCP/IP

DoD TCP/IP OSI -

TCP/IP

TCP/IP

TCP/IP -

TCP/IP TCP/IP Network Transport TCP/IP

TCPIP

TCP Transmission Control ProtocolTransport

connection oriented tcp handshake

sequencing checksumsflow control

ack tcp segment

encapsulate IP network IP

TCP Segment

TCP Segment -

TCP HeaderFlags ack syn

segment Source port Destination port

SEQ number ACK number

segment

TCP Handshake B syn A

SYN flag SEQ : : ACK

syn/ack B SYN ACK flag

B: SEQ A SEQ: ACK

ACK A A: SEQ B: ACK

TCP FIN flag

Establishing a TCP connection -

wireshark Relative SEQ and ACK numbers at top Absolute SEQ and ACK values at bottom, in hexadecimal

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)transport

transport connctionless

tcp

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

A UDP segment -

IP (Internet Protocol)

IP TCP/IP internetwork

router conncetionless

handshake tcp

IP (Internet Protocol)

IP datagram -

IP HeaderTTL Time to Live

hop ( ) ttl

IP

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)Network

/

Network congestion TTL :

ICMP

IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) Multicasting

Internet teleconferencing

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) IP MAC Address ARP Table ARP Cache

ip mac

arp

ARP ARP -D *

arp cache ARP -A

Arp cache

RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)IP MAC

DHCP

IPv4

)Network layer ()Physical network (

logical IP

octet

192.168.112.20:

IPv4

IP octet

Class A, Class B, Class C

- TCP/IP

IPv4 )E D (

: D

Multicasting : E

:

10.0.0.0 broadcast:

255.255.255.255

IPv4 A

) ( Network ID

) : ( B

) ( ) : (

C ) ( ) : (

IP 6

- IP

IPv4 Loopback

)127.0.0.1 (127 loopback

Windows ipconfig

Unix,Linuxifconfig

IPv4

ipconfig /all -

IPv4

ifconfig -a -

Subnet MaskTCP/IP )netmask (

subnet

IP segment

IP

)DHCP (

Subnetting ( )segment

IP

Subnetmask subnetting Supernetting

segment IP IP subnet

subnetmask -

IP

IANA, ICANN, RIRs

ISP

/

IP Static ip address

)duplicate (IP

Bootp DHCPduplication

BOOTP (Bootstrap Protocol) application

IP MAC client IP

Dynamic ip address

BOOTP (Bootstrap Protocol)BOOTP

broadcast IP

MAC BOOTP server MAC MAC table

Client IP addressServer IP addressServer host name Default router IP address

BOOTP (Bootstrap Protocol)RARP

RARP/ RARP IP BOOTP ( )netmask

BOOTP DHCP DHCP

MAC IP ( BOOTP )

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) IP

application )BOOTP ( IETF

BOOTP

IP

DHCP ( ) laptop

TCP/IP

DHCP Leasing (IP lease )

Lease time

DHCP

DHCP Leasing

The DHCP leasing process -

DHCP lease lease

ipconfig /release ipconfig /renew

APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing) DHCP

private IP

IANA 169.254.255.255 169.254.0.0

APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing)APIPA

169.254.y.x

B subnetmask

APIPA

APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing)APIPA

: DHCPAPIPA

subnetAPIPA

DHCP static

IPv6 Ipng IP

IPv4 IPv6

IPv6

header IP

IPv6 IPv6 IPv4

: ) (: IP :

: : : :: :

IPv6 IPv4 IPv6

IPv6 loopback

0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 1 ::

)scope ( ( scope ) Unicast Multicast ( ) Anycast

IPv6 Unicast

Global Unicast Address 2000::/3 Unique local unicast address (Private address) FD00::/8 Link local address FE80, FE90, FEA0, FEB0 router dont send

this address outside network Multicast

FF02::1 All nodes on the link FF02::2 All router on link

IPv6 IPv4 IPv6

Prefix )Multicast: FF00 (

unicast, multicast, anycast

IPv6 1) static Do not use EUI-64

2) static Use EUI-64

3) Dynamic Statefull DHCPv6

4) Dynamic autoconfiguration conjunction with DHCPv6 stateless

EUI-64 BlockID:FFFE:DeviceID blockID seventh bit set to 1

Seventh bit in Universal/local (U/I) bit Example

6c:f0:49:b8:88:10 fe80::6ef0:49ff:feb8:8810/64

IP

TCP/IP

Telnet port number: 23 IPv4 host address: 10.43.3.87 Socket address: 10.43.3.87:23

telnet -

:

well-known

Dynamic / private port

8080 webserver

( )

Host Names DNS(Domain Name System)

Host Names and DNS (Domain Name System)TCP/IP

Host

Hostname

Domain NamesDomain

IP

Domain name)esfahan.ir (

Fully qualify hostnameHostname domain name

Domain Names

www.esfahan.ir: Top-level domain (TLD): ir Second-level domain: esfahan Third-level domain: www

Second-level domain

ICANN

Top-level domains -

Domain NamesICANN

Country codes domain name host

underscore

Hosts FilesARPAnet HOSTS.TXT

Hostname IP Host

Unix/Linux/ etc hosts

Windows hosts % systemroot%\system32\drivers\etc

Windows Hosts File

DNS (Domain Name System)

IP DNS

application

DNS Root server

Name servers (DNS servers)

193.178.203.3 www.esfahan.ir name resolution

Domain name resolution -

DNS (Domain Name System)Resource record

DNS

Name field Type field Class field Time to Live field Data length field Actual data

CCSF s Name Servers

DNS

name server Primary secondary

DHCP TCP/IP

DNS

Windows XP Internet Protocol - (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box

DDNS (Dynamic DNS) dynamic

IP

static

static

Application

Application ip tcp, udp

HTTP web Application

BOOTP DHCP

Telnet

host TCP/IP TCP

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)TCP/IP FTP server

FTP client FTP

anonymous FTP

help

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)FTP client

MacFTP, WS_FTP, CuteFTP, SmartFTP FTP SFTP

TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)

FTPTFTP UDP

Connectionless

router ipphone

NTP (Network Time Protocol) UDP

udp connctionless

( )storage

NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) Facilitates newsgroup messages exchange

Between multiple servers, users

Similar to e-mail Provides means of conveying messages

Differs from e-mail Distributes messages to wide group of users at once

User subscribes to newsgroup server host News servers

Central collection, distribution point for newsgroup messages

PING (Packet Internet Groper) ICMP

echo reply echo requeste IP

ping Hostname IPPing loopback

TCP/IP

PING (Packet Internet Groper)

ping

ping -

:

[email protected] : PersianNetworks

Network+ Guide to Networks Tamara Dean:

http://samsclass.info

.GFDL

http://forum.persiannetworks.com/blogs/tolstoy/http://www.linuxmotto.ir/http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html

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chapter 04 - introduction to tcpip protocols

Engineering