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TRANSCRIPT
Chang-Han Yun / Ph.D.
Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process
National Chungbuk University
September 4, 2015 (Fri)
2 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
Contents
1. 여과막(Filtration Membrane)
3. 접촉막(Membrane Contactor)
2. 투석막(Dialysis Membrane)
Membrane
Processes Membrane
Processes
6. 생체막(Bio Membrane)
5. 선택적 투과막(Permselective Membrane)
4. 수송촉진막(Facilitated Transport Membrane)
3 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
1. 여과막 (Filtration Membrane)
Filtration Membrane Sieving
Size(㎛)
Separation
Mechanism Application
Operating
Pressure(atm)
Particle Filter (PF)
Roughing Filter (RF) 5.0 ∼ 1,000 Sieving SS removal 0.03 ∼2.0
Micro Filter (MF) 0.05 ∼ 5.0 Sieving
(Porous)
Colloid/Bacteria
removal 1.0 ∼ 5.0
Ultra Filter (UF) 0.05∼0.005 Sieving
(Porous)
Colloid/Virus
removal 1.0 ∼ 5.0
Nano Filter (NF)
0.001
∼
0.005
Solution-diffusion-
imperfection
(Non-porous)
Salt(>+2)
rejection
5.0 ∼ 10.0
Hyper Filter (HF)
Reverse Osmosis (RO)
0.00005
∼
0.0005
Solution-diffusion-
imperfection
(Non-porous)
Salt(>+1)
rejection 10.0 ∼ 70.0
Filtration
4 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
1. 여과막 (Filtration Membrane)
㎛
Relative Size
of Common
Material
Molecular
Weight
0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0 10 100 1000
100 200 5,000 20,000 100,000 500,000
Aqueous salts
Metal ions
Filtration
Technology
Pyrogens
Virus
Colloidal Silica
Bacteria
Carbon black Paint pigment
Yeast cells Beach sand
Pollens
Reverse Osmosis
Ultra-Filtration
Micro-Filtration
Particle Filtration
Nano-Filtration
Removal of Soluble
(ion, COD)
Removal of
Colloid
Removal of SS
SDI(0.05㎛) SS filter(1.4㎛)
Filtration Spectrum
5 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
2. 투석막 (Dialysis Membrane)
Dialysis
Membranes
Characteristics Separation
Mechanism Application
Retentate Permeate
Size Comp.
Dialysis Macro Solutes
Micro Minor
(solvent)
Sieving and
hindered diffusion Acid, Alkali
(>0.02㎛)
Hemo-
Dialysis (HD) (0.005㎛) 〃 〃 〃 Artificial kidney
Donnan-
Dialysis (DD) Charged ions 〃 〃 Ion-exchange
Pretreatment of
desalination
Metal recovery
Electro-
Dialysis (ED)
Co-ions,
Macro-ions,
Water
Micro
(ions) Minor 〃
Desalination
Chloro-Alkali
Electro-Dialysis
Reversal (EDR) 〃 〃 〃 〃 〃
Dialysis
6 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
2. 투석막 (Dialysis Membrane)
1. Dialysis
Dialysis is a rate-governed membrane process in which a micro-solute is driven
across semi-permeable membrane by means of a concentration gradient.
2. Hemo-Dialysis(HD)
The pore size of Hemo-Dialysis membrane is around 5nm, smaller than the general
dialysis membrane’s, to give a molecular sieving effect. So, this membrane can
separate most of proteins and is widely used in the artificial kidney.
3. Donnan-Dialysis(DD)
Donnan-Dialysis membrane is using the ion-selective membrane.
In case of the anionic exchange membrane, the performance is good (ex, Nafion).
But the performance of the cationic exchange is not.
4. Electro-Dialysis(ED) / EDR
Electro-Dialysis membrane is applying to give higher driving force.
Electro-Dialysis Reversal(EDR) is applying periodic change the electric polar
to prevent from the concentration polarization of the membrane surface.
Dialysis
7 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
2. 투석막 (Dialysis Membrane)
Salt and water
ΔP
water
ΔP
water
Salt
Salt and water
ΔE
Cations
ΔE
Anions
Water
Reverse Osmosis Electro Dialysis
Operating Principle of RO and ED
Feed Dialysate Membrane
C1s
C1m C2s
C2m
ℓ
Typical Concentration profile
Principle
8 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
2. 투석막 (Dialysis Membrane)
Operating Principle of
Electro Dialysis(ED)
Water Desalination Cost
Comparison
9 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
2. 투석막 (Dialysis Membrane) PFD of EDR
10 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
Summary of Membrane Contactor Processes
Membrane Solvent Extraction(MSX)
Membrane Stripping(MS)/Absorption(MA)
Membrane Distillation(MD)
Liquid Membrane(LM)
Immobilized Liquid Membrane(ILM/SLM)
Contained Liquid Membrane(CLM)
Membrane Reactor
Pore Condensation
3. 접촉막 (Membrane Contactor) Summary
11 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
3. 접촉막 (Membrane Contactor)
Membrane
Contactors
Characteristics Separation
Mechanism Application
Retentate Permeate
Size Comp.
Membrane-based
Solvent Extraction
(MSE/MSX)
Solvent
Less soluble Minor
More
soluble
Solubility
difference
Organic pollutants removal
Olefin extraction
Metal recovery
Membrane
Stripping
(MS)
Water
Less soluble 〃
More
volatile 〃
Dissolved gas(air, NH3 etc)
free water
Membrane
Distillation
(MD)
Non-volatile Either
volatile
High volatility
and diffusion
Concentration of liquid
foods
Pore
Condensation
(PC)
Permanent
gas Minor Condensable
Pore condensation
and permeation VOC removal from gas
Summary
12 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
Configuration of Membrane Contactor
3. 접촉막 (Membrane Contactor) Configuration
13 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
3. 접촉막 (Membrane Contactor)
Immobilized Interfaces in Micro-Porous Hydrophobic Membrane
1. Membrane Solvent Extraction (MSX)
14 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
MC Module
Feed Water
Degasfied Water
Sweep(N2)gas Vacuum
3. 접촉막 (Membrane Contactor)
Example of Oxygen Removal
for Ultra Pure Water
2. Membrane Stripping (MS)
Microporous
Hydrophobic
membrane
Gas-filled pore
LIQUID
Gas-liquid
interference
immobilized GAS
Pb
Membrane wall
Pgi
Pli
Ci
Cb
Pgas < Paq
15 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
Membrane Stripping(MS) and Absorption(MA)
Feed
Aqueous
Phase
Sweep
Aqueous
Phase
Membrane wall
Psi
Plii Cfi
Cfb
Pfi
Csi Csb
gas-filled pore
3. 접촉막 (Membrane Contactor)
3. Membrane Absortion (MA)
16 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
Application of MS and MA in Industry
Ultra pure water degassing (DO<10 ppb)
Process water deaeration
Boiler feed water degassing
Water decarbonation
Ammonia stripping/absorption
Culture media oxygenation
3. 접촉막 (Membrane Contactor)
17 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
3. 접촉막 (Membrane Contactor)
4. Membrane Distillation (MD)
18 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
Liquid Membrane (LM)
3. 접촉막 (Membrane Contactor)
Facilitated
Transport
Membrane
Characteristics Separation
Mechanism Application
Retentate Permeate
Size Comp.
Emulsion Liquid
Membrane
(ELM)
Water
Less soluble
/reactive
Minor
More
soluble
/reactive
Solubility difference
Reaction kinetics
Zn recovery in viscose rayon
Metal/Protein recovery
Phenol removal
Immobilized
Liquid Membrane
(ILM/SLM)
〃 〃 〃 〃
Metal/Protein recovery
Phenol removal
Acid gas removal
Contained Liquid
Membrane
(CLM)
〃 〃 〃 〃 〃
19 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
3. 접촉막 (Membrane Contactor)
5. Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM)
Phenol removal by Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM) process
20 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
3. 접촉막 (Membrane Contactor)
6. Immobilized Liquid Membrane (ILM)
21 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
3. 접촉막 (Membrane Contactor)
7. Contained Liquid Membrane (CLM)
F S F S
F S F
F S F S
F S F
Feed Fiber Strip Fiber
Liquid
Membrane
22 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
Tube side
Strip stream Liquid membrane A
Hollow fiber
Shell-side
Membrane
wall
Hollow
fiber
set #1 Tube side of fiber set #1
Tube side of fiber set #2
Hollow
fiber
set #2
Membrane
wall
Feed stream
Shell-side
Shell-side
Shell-side
ILM
3. 접촉막 (Membrane Contactor)
CLM
Strip stream A
A
A
A
A
Feed stream
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
Strip stream
Liquid
Membrane
A A
A
23 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
3. 접촉막 (Membrane Contactor)
8. Pore Condensation (PC)
24 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
3. 접촉막 (Membrane Contactor)
9. Membrane Reactor (MR)
R
Reactant
P P
Product
Permselective
Membrane
Catalytic
Membrane
P X
R R
R
Reactant
B
+
C
Product B
at high
concentration
Permselective
Membrane
Catalytic
Membrane
B + C X
A A
C
Product
Separation of single product Separation of multiple products
25 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
α-Chymotrypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester(ATEE)
3. 접촉막 (Membrane Contactor)
9. Membrane Reactor (MR)
HO CH2CHCOOC2H5
NHCOCH3
pH 7.8
αCHT HO CH2CHCOO- + H+
NHCOCH3
H2O
+
L-acid
D, L-acid
Sweep/Product Feed/Raffinate Alcohol
+
Acid Acid
ILM Enzyme Membrane
Alcohol
Ester Ester
26 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
Comparison of Membrane Reactor with Conventional Process
3. 접촉막 (Membrane Contactor)
9. Membrane Reactor (MR)
R B + C Catalyst
Membrane Reactor
Feed A
Enriched Product B
Raffinate C
Sweep
Conventional Process
Reactant
Product C
Energy
Product
B + C B
Solvent
Enriched
Product B
Solvent
Catalysis Separation Enrichment
27 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
Advantage of Membrane Contactor High contact area
No flooding
Independent control of each phase
Immiscible flow
<Example> Comparison of contact area per unit volume in air stripping
(Air Stripping 장치의 단위부피당 접촉면적 비교)
Data Equipments
ft2 / ft3 m2 / m3
Free Dispersion Columns 1 ∼ 10 3 ∼ 33
Packed / Trayed Columns 10 ∼ 100 33 ∼ 330
Agitated Columns 50 ∼ 150 164 ∼ 492
Membrane Contactors 500 ∼ 2,000 1,640 ∼ 6,562
3. 접촉막 (Membrane Contactor)
28 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
Count-transport of Cu2+ through Liquid Membrane
4. 수송촉진막(Facilitated Transport Membrane)
29 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
Co-transport of Chromate Ion across Liquid Membrane
4. 수송촉진막(Facilitated Transport Membrane)
30 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
Facilitated Transport of Olefin
Olefin Olefin
Olefin
|
M+
M+
M+ = Complexing
Agent(Ag+)
Paraffin
Membrane
4. 수송촉진막(Facilitated Transport Membrane)
31 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
Liquid Membrane Contactor Configuration
(used by BP Co. to Recover from C2 Mixture)
4. 수송촉진막(Facilitated Transport Membrane)
He Sweep
Gas In
Permeate Gas Out
Flash Pot
Back Pressure
Regulator Membrane
Module
Reject Gas
Out
Feed Gas In
Pump
Back Pressure
Regulator
32 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
Immobilized Liquid Membrane Configuration
(used by Exxon Co. to Recover C4 Olefin from C4 Mixture)
Retentate Feed Gas
Water Saturator
Demister
Permeation Cell
Pressure
Regulator
Permeate
Demister Water Saturator
Pressure Regulator
Sweep Gas In
(N2)
Membrane
4. 수송촉진막(Facilitated Transport Membrane)
33 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
5. 선택적 투과막 (Permselestive Membrane)
Permselective
Membrane
Characteristics Separation
Mechanism Application
Retentate Permeate
Size Comp.
Gas Permeation
Membrane
(GPM)
Less soluble Either More soluble Solution-
diffusion
H2S removal in natural gas
CO2 recovery in flue gas
H2, He purification
N2, O2 enrichment
Vapor Permeation
Membrane
(VPM)
Permanent gas
Less soluble Minor More soluble 〃
Water vapor removal
VOC/VIC removal
Pervaporation
(PV) Less soluble 〃
More volatile
More soluble 〃
Alcohol/H2O separation
VCM recovery in
PVC synthesis process
34 Chapter 1. Membrane Separation Process Chungbuk University
질의 응답
Dr. Chang-Han Yun
E-mail : [email protected]
Mobile : 010-288-2250
Contact ☞