CHAPTER 10The Muslim World

BEDOUINS

• Their way of life set the foundation for the Islamic way of life.

Mecca

• Original homeland of Muhammed; in present-day Saudi Arabia.• The most holy city for Islam. Muslims faced the city for prayer.

The Prophet Muhammed

• Born in Mecca

• Founder of Islam

History of Islam

• Followers are called Muslims who worship Allah.

• Qur’an is Islam’s holy book.

• Mosque is Islam’s house of worship.

Practice & Beliefs

Shari’a – Includes Qur’an & Sunna to regulate Islamic way of life

CH10.L2 Islam Expands• “Rightly Guided”

Caliphs– Abu-Bakr– Umar– Uthman– Ali

• They based their leadership on the Qur’an & Muhammed’s actions.

Treatment of Conquered Peoples

• The Qur’an forbids forced conversion.– Muslims allowed these

people to follow their religion, but restrictions & taxes were imposed.• Example of restriction:

The conquered people were not allowed to spread their religion.

Internal Conflict Creates a Crisis

• What led to it?– Muhammed did not

name a successor or indicate how to elect one.

• Umayyads replaced the last of the “rightly guided” caliphs.– Changed the Muslim

capital to Damascus.– Lived luxuriously

Umayyad mint

Muslims continue to divideSunni• As long as they live by

Sunna, any Muslim is qualified to be a caliph.

Shi’a• Believe only a relative of

Muhammed can be a caliph.

Sufi• Lived a life of poverty and

spirituality.

Abbassids• Strongest of the group –

overthrew Umayyads.• Moved the Muslim

empire’s capital to Baghdad, Iraq.

• Developed a bureaucracy to control the large Muslim empire.

Fatimid• Fell under Shi’a• Claimed descent from

Muhammed’s daughter Fatima

Muslim Trade Network

• Reasons for its success– Size and location helped

them trade with the rest of the world.

– Muslims invented the sakk (check).

– Arabic language was spoken through the empire.

– Abbasid dinar (currency) was accepted throughout the empire.

CH10.L3: Muslim Culture

Social Classes 1. Upper class: Muslims

at Birth2. Second class: Converts

to Islam3. Third class: “Protected

People”4. Lowest class: Slaves

• Roles of Women

Muslim Knowledge

• “Acquire knowledge. It enableth its possessor to distinguish right from wrong; it lighteth the way to Heaven; it is our friend in the desert, our society in solitude, our companion when friendless; it guideth us to happiness; it sustaineth us in misery; it is an ornament amongst friends, and an armour against enemies.”

House of Wisdom

Art and Architecture

Medicine, Mathematics, & Science

• Medicine– Al-Razi

• Mathematics– Basis of all

knowledge– Al-jabr

• Science– Astronomy– Optics