chapter 10(mis&dss and other)
TRANSCRIPT
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Concept
• +Problem solving stage:
• បបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបប បបបបបបជាដំ�ណាក់�ការមួយនៃ ការដោះ��ស្�យបញ្ហា� ស្�ងរក់ក់�ហុ�ស្ផ្�ងៗបបបបបបបបបបបបបប បបបបបបបបដោះ�ដោះ�លដែដំលវាប�តិ!បតិ"!។ដោះដំ$មួ%$ដោះ��ស្�យបញ្ហា� ដោះ&យ
មា ប�ស្!ទ្ធ)ភា�អ្ន,ក់តិ�វ• -ស្គា/ ល� 0ងក់�ណតិ�បញ្ហា� ដោះ&យច្បា3ស្�លាស្�• -�5យាមួស្�ងរក់ដំ�ដោះណា�ស្�យដែដំល&ច្បាដោះ7រ ច្បា• -ជ្�ស្ដោះរ 9ស្ដំ�ដោះណា�ស្�យដែដំលល:ប�ផ្�តិ• -ប�តិ!បតិ"!នៃ ដំ�ដោះណា�ស្�យដោះ �• ឧទាហុរណ= : ការនាំ�ដោះច្បាញផ្ល!តិផ្លរបស្�ក់�មួហុ@� មួយបា រាំCងស្D�
បបប បបបបបបបបប បបបដោះ�យស្គារការបញ្ហាE ទ្ធ!ញតិ�វបា ថយច្បា��ដោះ�យស្គារផ្ល!តិផ្លមួ! ស្"ង�� ហុស្ស្មួGយ ជាដោះដំ$មួ។
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• Decision Making (Programmed/non-Programmed)+ Decision Making -Programmed Decision Making: វាជាស្ក់មួHភា�ប�ចាំ�ថ�មួយ
ដោះហុ$យក់=ការដោះJK$ការស្�ដោះរច្បាច្បា!តិ"ច្បា� ដោះល$ក់ច្បា� ស្គាដោះ�យគ្មាH ក់�ហុ�ស្(Error) �$��ដោះMបា បដោះងN$តិច្បា3ប�ឬការដែណនាំ�(guideline) ឬដោះយ$ង&ច្បា !យាយ
បបប បបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបា ថាដោះMមា ផ្QRវដោះ&យដោះយ$ងដោះដំ$ររ ច្បាស្�ច្បាដោះ7ដោះហុ$យដោះ�យM� �ដែតិដោះយ$ងតិ�វបបប បបបបបបបបបបបបប បបបបបបបបបបបដោះJK$តាមួអ្នK$ដែដំលអ្ន,ក់M�ប�M�ងបញ្ហាE ដោះហុ$យដោះយ$ងអ្ន �វតិ"ដោះ�យគ្មាH ក់��ហុ�ស្
ដោះT$យ។
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• ឧទាហុរណ= : អ្ន,ក់M�ប�M�ងដោះភាជ្ $�U មួយបា ដោះJK$ការបញ្ហាV ទ្ធ!ញបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបប បបបបបប បបបបបប បបស្គាច្បា�ជ្�ក់��ស្គាច្បា�ជ្�ក់វាជ្!តិអ្នស្�ដោះ7ដោះហុ$យច្បា0ងដោះហុ$យមា Gយថា
ដោះ �MWជាការស្�ដោះរច្បាច្បា!តិ"មួយមា លក់Xណ�ជាJមួHតា MWដោះJK$ដោះ7តាមួការបបបបបបបបបបជាក់�ស្�ងដោះហុ$យដោះJK$តាមួដោះគ្មាលការណ= ដោះភាជ្ $�U ដោះប$ក់ស្គាច្បា�អ្នស្�
តិ�វទ្ធ!ញដោះទ្ធYតិ។
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-Non-Programmed Decision Making: វាដោះZQ$យតិមួដោះ7 0ងភា� បបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបប បបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបមួ! JមួHតា មួ! ប�ក់�តិ$ឬការM�រាំមួM�ដែហុងផ្�ងៗដែដំលស្គា[ ភា�ដោះនាំ��!បាក់
បបបបបបបបបបប បបបបបបបបប បបបក់,�ងការស្�ដោះរច្បាច្បា!តិ" តិ�វការ�!ចាំរណាតិ�វប�មួRល�តិ\មា ដោះ&យបា បបប បបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបM�ប�ជ្�ងជ្�យដោះហុ$យវាទាមួទារ RវការM�ប�M�ងក់�រ ]តិខ្ព_ស្�ដែថមួដោះទ្ធYតិផ្ង។ជាង
ដោះ �ដោះ7ដោះទ្ធYតិវា&ច្បាអ្ន �វតិ"ដោះ7មា M�ហុ�ស្ដោះ�យស្គារដែតិមា បញ្ហា� ជាច្បា� ។ឧទាហុរណ= : ការ��យបារមួHណ= របស្�មួ �ស្`ដោះ�យខ្លាQ ច្បាភា�ធាតិ�
ដោះ�យស្គារដែតិក់,�ងមួ�Rប&ហារមា ក់�រ ]តិកាTRរ 9ខ្ព_ស្� ដោះ �ដោះហុ$យMWជាការ��យបារបបប បបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបប បមួHណ= ជាច្បា� ទ្ធស្វតិ` =ដែដំលវា�!បាក់ក់,�ងការដោះ��ស្�យ។
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• +Decision Models (Optimization, Satisficing, and Heuristic Approaches) -Optimization Model: ក់,�ងបណា" លOrganization ជាច្បា� ដែតិងដែតិដែស្Kងរក់
បបបដំ�ដោះណា�ស្�យដំ\ល:ប�ផ្�តិមួយដោះដំ$មួ%$ដោះ��ស្�យបញ្ហា� ផ្�ងដែដំលមា ក់,�ងក់�មួហុ@� ជ្ បបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបប បបបបបបបបបប បបបកាល�ដោះប$មួ! ដោះ��ស្�យដោះ&យបា ល:ដោះទ្ធក់�មួហុ@� ដោះនាំ� 0ងឈា ដំល�ការដំលរល�
ដោះហុតិ�ដោះ �ដោះហុ$យដោះយ$ងតិ�វដែតិស្K�ស្�ងរក់វ ]J$ស្គាស្�តិដោះដំ$មួ%$ដោះ&យOrganization ដោះយ$ងទ្ធទ្ធលបា ដោះជាMជ្Gយ។-Satisficing Model: ក់,�ងModel ដោះ �វាក់=ជាការស្�ងរក់ដំ�ដោះណា�ស្�យដែដំរ
បបបបបបបបបបបបបបប បបបបប បបបe� �M� �ដែតិថាដោះយ$យស្�ងរក់ដំ�ដោះណា�ស្�យល:មួយមួ! ចាំ�បាច្បា�ដំ�ដោះណា�ស្គាf�យដំ\ល:ប�ផ្�តិដោះនាំ�ដោះទ្ធ។-Heuristic Approach Model: ក់,�ងModel ដោះ �Organization បា
ដោះJK$តាមួការដែណនាំ�ឬតាមួច្បា3ប�ដែដំលបា ដែច្បាង ជាងដោះ �ដោះ7ដោះទ្ធYតិ !តិ!វ ]J$ផ្�ងៗតិ�វបា អ្ន �វតិ"ដោះដំ$មួ%$ទ្ធទ្ធលបា ដោះជាMជ្Gយ ដោះហុ$យវាជាJមួHតាស្�ងរក់ដំ�ដោះណា�ស្�យដំ=
ស្មួរមួgមួយ។
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• +Benefits of IS and DSS
• Information System តិ�វាបា ក់�ណតិ�ថាជាការទ្ធ�នាំក់�ទ្ធ� ងច្បា�ដោះណ�បបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបប បបបបបប បបដំ0ង�$ប�ភ�មួយដោះ7ប�ភ�មួយឬ�$មួ �ស្`ដោះ7មួ �ស្`មួយដោះទ្ធYតិដោះហុ$យវា
បបប បបបមា ទ្ធ�នាំក់�ទ្ធ� ងយាe ងខ្លាQ �ងដោះ7ដោះល$ស្ហុប�តិ!បតិ"!ការយ�ទ្ធ)ស្គាស្�តិដោះហុ$យ 0ងភា�ដោះជាMជ្Gយរបស្�Organization។
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• -Benefit of IS
• *Added value to products (goods and services)*Better safety*Better service*Competitive advantages*Fewer errors*Greater accuracy (មា ភា�តិ�មួតិ�វច្បា3ស្�លាស្�)*Higher-quality products*Improved communications*Increased efficiency (បដោះងN$ ផ្ល!តិភា�)*Increased productivity (បដោះងN$ ផ្ល!តិផ្ល)*More efficient administration*More opportunities*Reduced labor requirements*Reduced costs*Superior financial decision making*Superior control over operations
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• *Superior managerial decision making
• -Benefit of DSS
• *Time savings
• *Enhance effectiveness
• *Improve interpersonal communication
• *Competitive advantage
• *Cost reduction
• *Increase decision maker satisfaction
• *Promote learning
• *Increase organizational control
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• +MIS: • Management information systems refer to the
practice of integrating computer systems, hardware and software used to meet an organization’s strategic goals. A MIS basically provides companies with four different types of information: descriptive, diagnostic, predictive and prescriptive. A MIS has become very important in the areas of strategic support, data processing and managing by objectives. Because a MIS provides enormous amounts of information many companies think they make great investments. This holds true only if the information gained from the MIS generates a change in a company’s harmful behavior.
•
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Principles of Information Systems, Tenth Edition 10
DSS is a computer-based information system that provide interactive information supports to manager and business professionals during the decision making process.
DSS
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Components of DSS
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Comparison of DSS & MIS
• +DSS-Provide information and decision support
techniques to analyze specific problems.
-Interactive inquiries and responses.
-Ad hoc, flezible and adoptable format.
-Information produced by analytical modeling of business data.
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+MIS:-Provide information about the performance of the organization.
-Periodic, exception, demand, push reports and responses.
-Prespecified, fixed format.
-Information produced by extraction and manipulation of business data.
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• Characteristics of a DSS:
• 1.Facilitation: DSS facilitate and support specific decision-making activities and/or decision processes.
• 2. Interaction: DSS are computer-based systems designed for interactive use by decision makers or staff users who control the sequence of interaction and the operations performed.
• 3. Ancillary: DSS can support decision makers at any level in an organization. They are not interded to replace decision makers.
• 4. Repeated Use: DSS are intended for repeated use. A specific DSS may be used routinely or used as needed for ad hoc decision support tasks.
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5. Task-oriented: DSS provide specific capabilities that support one or more tasks related to decision-making, including: intelligence and data analysis ; identification and design of alternatives; choice among alternatives; and decision implementation.
6. Identifiable : DSS are intended to improve the accuracy , timeliness, quality and overall effectiveness of a specific decision or a set of related decision.
7. Decision Impact : DSS are intended to improve the accuracy , timeliness, quality and overall effectiveness of a specific decision or a set of related decisions.
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-Capabilities of a DSS:
1. A DSS provides support for decision makers at all management levels, whether individuals or groups, mainly in semistructured and unstructured situations, by bringing together human judgement and objective information.
2. A DSS supports several interdependent and/or sequential decisions.
3. A DSS supports all phases of the decision-making process-intelligence, design, choice, and implementation-as well as a variety of decision making processes and styles.
4. A DSS is adaptable by the user over time to deal with changing conditions.
5. A DSS is easy to construct and use in many cases.
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6. A DSS promotes learning, which leads to new demands and refinement of the current application, which leads to additional learning, and so forth.
7. A DSS usually utilizes quantitative models (standard and/or custom made).
8. Advanced DSSs are equipped with a knowledge management component that allows the efficient and effective solution of very complex problems.
9. A DSS can be disseminated for use via the web.
10. A DSS allows the easy execution of sensitivity analyses.
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GSS
-GSS are information system that aim to make group meetings more productive by offering electronic support for a variety of meeting activities
-GSS software packages:– Collabnet– OpenMind– TeamWare
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• Decision room:– Decision makers are located in the same building or
geographic area– Decision makers are occasional users of the GSS
approach
• Local area decision network:– Group members are located in the same building or
geographic area– Group decision making is frequent
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ESS
An Executive Support System (ESS) is software that allows users to transform enterprise data into quickly accessible and executive-level reports, such as those used by billing, accounting and staffing departments. An ESS enhances decision making for executives
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-Capabilities of an ESS:
•Support for defining overall vision
•Support for strategic planning
•Support for strategic organizing and staffing
•Support for strategic control
•Support for crisis management