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Chapter 13 -

Principles of Ecology

Lesson 1 - 13.1 and 13.2

Main Idea:

13.1 Ecology is the study of …

organisms and their interactions with their environment.

includes interactions with other organisms as well as the physical environment.

 Eco = house (home)  Logy = study of

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Ecologists study environments at different levels of organization.

  Ecology is the study

of the interactions among living things, and between living things and their surroundings.

Remember MR GOCH ?

The Big Picture

Pg. 397

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The BIG Picture

 Cell Organelles Cells

Tissues Organs

Organisms Population Community Ecosystems Biomes Planet Universe

Organism Organism

 An organism is an individual living thing, such as an alligator.

Ecologists study environments at different levels of organization.

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Organism Organism

Population Population

•  A population is a group of the SAME species that lives in one area.

Ecologists study environments at different levels of organization.

Population

  A population is all the individuals of the same species living together in the same place at the same time.

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Organism Organism

Population Population

Community Community

•  A community is a group of DIFFERENT species that live together in one area.

Ecologists study environments at different levels of organization.

Community

  A community is the different species that live together in a habitat.

  Example: Elephants, tall grasses, cheetahs, and hawks are a few of the inhabitants of the savannah community.

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Habitat

 The place where a population of species lives is called a habitat.

 Ex: sea anemone-NEMO! Clownfish pop.  ?? habitat for African elephants.

Organism Organism

Population Population

Community Community

Ecosystem

Ecosystem

•  An ecosystem includes all of the organisms as well as the climate, soil, water, rocks and other nonliving things in a given area.

Ecologists study environments at different levels of organization.

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“Eco” means home.

System: group of things that form a unified whole.

Ecosystem – parts that make a home.

An ecosystem can be: a terrarium, a

pond, an armpit, a community, a

mountain range, a planet…

defining “ecosystem”:

What makes up an Ecosystem?

  All the biotic and abiotic components of an environment found in a particular place

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Organism Organism

Population Population

Community Community

Ecosystem

Ecosystem

Biome •  A biome is a major regional or global

community of organisms characterized by the climate conditions and plant communities that thrive there.

MAJOR BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES

 15 Climate and Biomes PowerNotes

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Biosphere- the area on and around the earth where life exists

Which diagram best represents

an ecosystem?

a population?

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Ecosystem

  (Ecological system) An ecosystem is the community and all the physical factors of the habitat.

 Example: The savannah community along with the soil, water, weather, etc make up an ecosystem.

Biotic Factors

  Biotic factors are living factors.

  Example: Any organism, or living thing, is considered a biotic factor affecting an ecosystem.

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Abiotic Factors

  Abiotic factors are nonliving, or physical factors that affect an ecosystem.

  Example: Rocks, soil, water, sun, weather, and all other nonliving factors are abiotic.

Which is an abiotic factor in the ecosystem shown?

(1.) ants (2.) sunlight

(3.) grass (4.) chipmunk

Photo credit Raymond Gehman, National Geographic, South Dakota

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Biodiversity

 Biodiversity is the amount of different species living in an ecosystem.

 Different Biomes have different levels of Biodiversity

Ecosystem Boundaries

 The boundaries of an ecosystem depend on how it is being studied...

Ex: The Brazilian rainforest could be studied or something as small as a rotting log could be studied

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Ecosystems change over time

Examples:  Volcanoes create new

islands.  Fire destroys a habitat.  Glaciers recede and

expose bare rock.

Species

Keystone Invasive

Pioneer Indigenous

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Define- Keystone Species

 Textbook pg 403-404

Pioneer Species

 Pioneer species are the first organisms to live in a new habitat. They are usually small, fast growing plants that provide a basis for other species to live in the habitat.

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Invasive Species

 We will meet an Invasive Species in our video…

  invasive species are introduced and take over an ecosystem, disrupting the food webs.

Indigenous Species

  Indigenous means “native” to a given region or ecosystem if its presence in that region is the result of only natural processes, with no human intervention.

Ecosystem: TallGrass Prairie Kansas’ new State Grass

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Succession

Succession is the regular progression of species replacement.

Primary Succession Occurs where no species have been present before.

Secondary Succession Occurs when plants return or succeed where plants and animals already existed

Succession Movie--

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Open your books to page 445.

 View an example of succession: Glacier Bay

H O M E W O R K

 DUE NEXT BLOCK : Sucession Activity Venn & Tables : Biotic/Abiotic

 DUE Monday: Finish your Ecosystem Drawing w/ Biotic and Abiotic factors