chapter 15 solar power 태양의 힘. energy sources nonrenewable oil coal gas nuclear geothermal...

31
Chapter 15 Solar Power 태태태 태

Upload: evelyn-maxwell

Post on 28-Dec-2015

227 views

Category:

Documents


5 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Chapter 15

Solar Power

태양의 힘

Page 2: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean
Page 3: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Energy Sources• Nonrenewable

• Oil

• Coal

• Gas

• Nuclear

• Geothermal

• Renewable

• Wood/Biomass

• Hydro

• Solar

• Wind

• Fusion

• Tidal

• Ocean Thermal

Page 4: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Solar Energy• Energy from the Sun

– electromagnetic radiation (EMW)– waves with electric and magnetic fields– photon = wave-particle duality

• 파동의 특성– 파장 , wavelength– 진동수 , frequency– 진폭 , amplitude

Page 5: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean
Page 6: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean
Page 7: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Electromagnetic Radiation• All EMW travels at the same speed

– speed of light, c = 3.00 x 108 m/s

• Relationship between wavelength and frequency

= frequency and = wavelength

λυc

Page 8: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Electromagnetic Radiation• From the wavelength, the Energy of light

can be determined

– h = Planck’s constant 6.626 x 10-34 Js = wavelength– 높은 진동수의 빛 = 높은 에너지– 짧은 파장의 빛 = 높은 에너지

hc

E

Page 9: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean
Page 10: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Energy Level Diagram

Excited States

Ground State

Energy

Energy

Emitted Light

Page 11: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean
Page 12: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Solar Energy

• Energy to Earth– 1x1022 J per day– Only a portion reaches the earth’s surface

• 태양 에너지의 흡수– 대기권 상층부의 기체 분자– 지구 표면– 식물과 동물

Page 13: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean
Page 14: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Photosynthesis• Solar Energy converted into stored energy

– in plant and in ocean by phytoplankton

2612622O 6OHCOH 6CO 6

• 광합성의 두 단계– 명반응 light stage– 암반응 dark stage

• 광합성은 산화 - 환원 반응이다 .

Page 15: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Redox Reaction• Redox reaction = 산화 + 환원 반응

– 전자의 이동 반응– 전자는 보존되므로 동시에 발생

• 산화 Oxidation– loss of electrons by an atom or group of atoms– 산화수의 증가

• 환원 Reduction– gain of electrons by an atom or group of atoms– 산화수의 감소

Page 16: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Oxidation Number

• 산화수– 전자의 자취를 추적하는 도구– 분자내 원자들의 가상적인 전하량

• 산화수의 계산– 중성분자에서 원자들의 산화수의 합은 0– 이온인 경우 원자들의 산화수의 합은 전하량– 알칼리 금속 +1, 알칼리 토금속 +2– 플루오르는 항상 -1, 수소는 +1, 산소는 -2

Page 17: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Photosynthesis

Page 18: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean
Page 19: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Photosynthesis• Light Stage

– photons are converted to electrons – 산소의 산화

• Dark Stage– carbon dioxide is converted to carbohydrates– 수소의 환원

e 4OH 4OH 222

OHO)(CHe 4H 4CO2n22

Page 20: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Deposition of Cu

Page 21: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Electric Energy Generation

• 에너지적으로 안정 / 불안정한 경우– 구리 이온 용액 + 아연 조각 ( 불안정 )– 아연 이온 용액 + 구리 조각 ( 안정 )– 전자는 아연 금속에서 구리 이온으로 이동– 아연은 산화 , 구리 이온은 환원– 여분의 에너지를 전자이동 에너지로 !

• 기전력 , emf, electromotive force

Page 22: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Electrochemical Cell

Page 23: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Electric Vehicle• 전기 자동차

– 축전지 battery– 연료 전지 fuel cell

Page 24: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Fuel Cell• What is the fuel cell?

– an electrochemical device– the energy of a chemical reaction

is converted directly into electricity. – does not run down or require recharging; – it operates as long as the fuel and an oxidizer

are supplied continuously from outside the cell.

Page 25: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Fuel Cell

Page 26: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Energy Exchange• Solar Energy into Stored Energy

– photosynthesis - food– solar cell - electrical current (electrons)

• Solar Cell– convert photons to electron– oxidation and reduction– electrons provide the current for motors– electrons can be stored (batteries)

Page 27: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Photovoltaics• Solar cell are called photovoltaic cells

– made of silicon – silicon is a semi-conductor

• Light (photons) that hit the surface can be absorbed and electron get knock loose– electrons can move to generate current

Page 28: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Photovoltaics• Photovoltaic cell are doped or mixed with other

elements – make electrons conduct better– absorb different light frequencies – improve conversion efficiency

• energy band– valence band– conduction band– band gap

Page 29: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Photovoltaic Cells

Page 30: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

References• http://www.fuelcellpartnership.org/

whatis.html

Page 31: Chapter 15 Solar Power 태양의 힘. Energy Sources Nonrenewable Oil Coal Gas Nuclear Geothermal Renewable Wood/Biomass Hydro Solar Wind Fusion Tidal Ocean

Homework• 464 쪽 연습문제

– 3 번 , 6 번 .– 마감 1/14 ( 월 )

• 기말시험 1/17 목요일– 범위 7 장 부터– 1/16 수요일은 study day