chapter 17 and 18 former ussr
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Chapter 17 and 18 Former USSR . Map . Countries . Landforms. Ural Mountains Caucasus Mountains Siberia Kamchatka Peninsula Tian Shan . Russia- Moscow Ukraine- Kiev Belarus – Minsk Kazakhstan- Astana Uzbekistan- Tashkent Kyrgyzstan- Bishkek Tajikistan- Dushanbe - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 17 and 18 Former USSR
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Map
Countries • Russia- Moscow • Ukraine- Kiev • Belarus – Minsk • Kazakhstan- Astana • Uzbekistan- Tashkent • Kyrgyzstan- Bishkek • Tajikistan- Dushanbe • Turkmenistan- Ashgabat
Landforms• Ural Mountains • Caucasus Mountains • Siberia • Kamchatka Peninsula • Tian Shan
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Map
Water • Volga River • Ob River • Lena River • Artic Ocean • Bearing Sea • Sea of Okhotsk • Lake Baikal • Caspian Sea • Aral Sea • Barents Sea
Others • Trans - Siberian railroad
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USSR History
• 15 countries make up the former U.S.S.R.• 1917 Bolshevik party overthrew govt. in Russia.• 1917-1924 Lenin leader followed ideas of Karl
Marx- Communism idea.• Lenin-Control all farms & factories-One Social
Class• After Civil War Called- Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (USSR)
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USSR History
• USSR- One party- totalitarian state• Communist party made all decisions from
Moscow• Joseph Stalin- Followed Lenin- even crueler-
killed anyone he thought opposed him
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Daily Life Under Communism
• Daily Life:– Poor to U.S. standards-– Good education– Limited Food- lines to get food– Sacrifice necessary to build Communist ideal– Freedom of Speech & Religion denied
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USSR Cold War History
• Cold War: -After WW II – ended 1991• USSR vs. U.S.A.- battle of super powers- Political
War:1. nuclear build up- nuclear war always a possibility2. space race with US 3. imperialism- taking land- building empire4. chance to show off power, and new weapons
and technology (space race)
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The Fall of USSR
• 1985 Mikhail Gorbochev- Last Soviet leader• Needed change- Horrible economy• Opened up govt. to the people- Glasnost.• -Major economic changes- Perestroika.• People tired of sacrifice without economy for the
people• 1991 Soviet Union broke apart.• Boris Yelstin- new leader 1991- democratic election-
increased religious freedom
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Former Soviet States Now
• Crime & Unemployment still increasing.• Major environmental issues.– U.S.S.R. dumped nuclear waste in Arctic Ocean-
STILL dump into rivers &lakes• Vladimir Putin- President- New Year’s 2000.
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Russia
• Capital: Moscow• GDP $ 7,700 • Lit Rate: 98%• Officially called “Russian
Federalism” -• 150 mill. 6.5 mill. Sq.
miles• 1/9 of all land. Twice as
big as Canada (#2 in size)
• Vladimir Putin- President (2000)
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Russian History
• Name from Scandinavian Vikings called Rus• 1547 Ivan IV or “Ivan The Terrible” first czar
Czar = Caesar = Emperor• Amassed large empire• Very angry- killed his son with his own hands• Peter the Great - 1801-1825 Expanded Russia
made more European • Late 1800’s empire in decline
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Russia
• Ural Mtns. Divide Asia & Europe
• Ob River- longest river in Asia
• Mtns on south border- Mongolia
• Lake Baykal- Deepest lake in world- 5,315ft.
• Many Rivers= transportation & hydroelectricity
Climate: • Humid- Continental & Sub
Arctic- Tundra also• Winters long & cold & dry -
Isolated during winter hard to travel
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Russia Resources:• More forest, energy, &
minerals than any other country
• Soviet Union wasted them• Major oil producer- Ob River
region• Large deposits of coal• Major producer of Diamonds• Potential to be major
supplier of- iron ore, copper, manganese, gold, platinum
Agriculture:• Climate & Political
problems limit potential
• Short growing season, surprisingly dry
• Soviet government controlled farms- hard to switch back
• Mixed farming- grains livestock
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Russia
Moscow Region- • 9 mill. People- heart of
Russia• Beautiful city & largest city-
Kremlin- Govt. Headquarters- Red Square
St. Petersburg-( Leningrad):
• Trying to modernize- cool city- 2nd largest in Russia
• “Venice of the North”- use canals in city
• Produce textiles, ships, chemicals
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Russia
Volga Region-(Stalingrad): • -famous for heavy industry & giant
factories, cars, chemicals, food
Urals Region- rich mineral deposits- Many factories- copper & iron ore
Kaliningrad (Russia)-Exclave-cut off from Russia- Between Lithuania & Poland• Important sea port- Wants own
independence – Has market economy.
Siberia- mostly uninhabited & little industry- Coal deposits, lumber and mining• -Trans- Siberian Railroad-
Moscow to Vladivostok • -Baykal- Amur Mainline
(BAM) 5 mtns. 17 riversFar East- heavy forests- fishing, petroleum, minerals- not well developed• Vladivostok- chief seaport
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Ukraine
• Capital-Kiev • Literacy 100% • GDP $4500 • Slightly smaller than
Texas• Made USSR- world’s
largest producer of wheat, oats, barley, sugar beets
• Crimea- small peninsula- part of Ukraine, close ties to Russia
• Chernobyl- nuclear power plant exploded in 1986
• many still feeling affect of radiation (cancer)
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Belarus
• Capital-Minsk• Literacy-98.0%• GDP-$8200• slightly smaller than
Kansas - Many swamps and marches
• Religion- Eastern Orthodox 80%
• Railroad runs from Moscow to Warsaw through here- route used by Hitler and Napoleon to invade Russia
• People are nicknamed “White Russians” Beylo means white
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Kazakhstan
• Capital: Astana • Used as farmland by the
USSR • Currently one of the
wealthier Central Asian nations because of it’s vast natural resources
• Republic with a very powerful president
• Gained Independence for USSR in 1991
• Made up of 17 provinces
• Ethnicity is a mix of Turkish and Mongol heritage
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Uzbekistan
• Capital: Tashkent• Over farmed during the
USSR rule• They drained the Aral
Sea for irrigation- almost completely depleted of water
• Grow cotton and Wheat
• Growing economy because of international businesses
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Kyrgyzstan
• Capital: Bishkek• Government is republic • Gained independence
from USSR in 1991 • Political issues have
become a problem in recent years- flawed elections
• Mountainous- Tien Shan Range
• Mostly Islamic
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Tajikistan• Capital- Dushanbe• Republic government • Major civil war in the 1990’s
after gaining its independence for USSR
• Poorest of the former USSR Central Asia Countries
• Many work in Russia
Turkmenistan• Ashgabat• Authoritarian Democracy
• Long history as part of the Silk Road
• Huge Natural Gas Reserves • Mostly Islamic State