chapter 2_2 ---section3 translation in two way by yolanda

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Page 1: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda
Page 2: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

Chapter 2_2---section3

Translation in two way

By Yolanda

Page 3: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

Review 词类 英译汉 汉译英

名词词组

1) 多数翻译为动词(动词词组)

2) 有时候翻译为表示原因的短句

设法把汉语的动词(词组)和表示原因的短句译成有动词含义的名

介词 多数情况下考虑翻译为动词 汉语中的有些动词可以翻译为介词

形容词1. 翻译为动词

2. 翻译成单句,从定语的位置上分离出来

汉语中的动词,有时可以翻译为相应的形容词,转化为英语的优势。

副词 多数情况下翻译为单句,从原来的位置上分离出来

翻译短的句子,可以翻译为表达能力比较强的副词。

Page 4: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

Review• 副词:• basically,

• historically

• intrinsically

• Ideally

• generally

“ 基本来说”、“就基本内容而言”

在人类历史上就其性质而言最理想的情况是

“ 一般来说”“ 从一般情况来看

Page 5: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

Review• 代词的使用• 在英文中,常常用 that, those, it,

one,ones 代替第二次出现的名词,以避免重复,

• 在翻译成中文时,要适当地将这些代词所代替的具体内容翻译出来

Page 6: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

Review• 英语在大多数情况下要有主

语(除了一些祈使句、对话后个人简历中);中文主语在大多数情况下可以省略。

Page 7: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

Review• 英语句子的谓语主要由动词来承担;

中文谓语几乎可以由所有的语言单位来担任。

例子:他在家呢。例子: he is at home.

Page 8: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

英译汉时,许多变换词形可以由汉语中的动词来连接;连词大多数情况下省略;介词短语、定语从句和独立主格在多数情况下译为短语或分句;Come and see me tomorrow.明天来看我。(汉语中省略连词)

Page 9: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

翻译对策:英译汉时许多被动句子要译为主动式;汉译英时许多隐含的被动句或无主句翻译成英语的被动式。

Page 10: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

• 英语表达习惯开门见山;中文表达习惯是“压轴戏”式。

英语结论性的句子先翻译;汉语中的结论放到最后。

Page 11: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

英语和汉语存在一些文化差异和语言表达思维的差异。

You are a lucky dog

Page 12: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

Section 3 Translation skills

•选择合适的词义

• 词汇增加法• 减词法

• 选择合适的词义

Page 13: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

选择合适的词义• broken 基本意思“破碎”,• eg: the vase is broken. • A broken home 破碎的家庭

• A broken leg

摔断的腿

• A broken man

潦倒的男人• A broken heart

受伤的心

Page 14: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

词汇增加法• 关键是:增词不增意

• 增加动词

• 增加名词• 增加量词

• 增加副词• 增加量词

• 增加语气词

Page 15: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

增加动词 1

1 ) These weeks’ events in the Soviet Union captured head lines all across the United States

• 几星期以来苏联(发生的)事件成为美国(各报的)头条新闻。

Page 16: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

增加动词 22 )动词的分译动词的分译指得是,英语中的一个词翻

译成汉语的两个或两个以上的动词,以适应不同的宾语。The soviet union was capable of constructing a ten-megaton bomb. Such a device could make a crater( 弹坑 ) in rock 107m deep and 2.9Km wide and a fireball 13.9Km in diameter 。

苏联有能力制造梯恩当量为一亿吨的炸弹。这种炸弹可以在岩石上炸出一个 107 米深, 2.9 公里宽的弹坑,并产生一个直径为 13.9 公里的大火球。

Page 17: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

增加动词 3

eg: when he woke, Steven came to his old self and his old love again.

当斯蒂文醒来的时候,他恢复了常态,又回到了他原来的爱人身边。

Page 18: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

增加动词 4

eg: she played the piano, the violin and in her later years, the recorder.

她弹钢琴,拉小提琴,晚年时还吹八孔直笛。

Page 19: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

增加名词 1

eg: the whole town worried about her being along.

城里的人都担心她过孤独的生活。 eg: the whole families worried about her.

全家人都担心她。

Page 20: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

增加名词 2

eg: Edith had known it would be hard at 54 to be mother to a three-year old and a five-year old.

伊迪斯早知道自己已经 54岁了,要给三岁和五岁的两个孩子当妈妈,是很辛苦的。

Page 21: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

增加名词 3 2 )名词分译 和动词分译一样,在翻译是必须用两个

中文名词翻译原文中的一个名词。 eg: the destruction of habits spell extin

ction for millions of species within the lifetime of children.

Page 22: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

增加名词 4 2 )名词分译

eg: the destruction of habits spell extinction for millions of species within the lifetime of children.

动物栖息地和植物生长地的毁灭致使千百万种动植物将在现在孩子的有生之年灭绝 .

Page 23: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

增加名词 5 2 )名词分译

eg: she is a famous singer and actress. Her performances always carry the audiences away.

她是一名著名的歌唱家和演员。他的表演常常是观众和听众倾倒。

Page 24: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

增加名词 6 3 )在某些动词尤其是不及物动词后面加名词

eg: when he learned it was to borrow, not to give, that the messenger had come, his tone changed.

当他知道使者是来借钱的而不是送礼,说话的口气马上变了。

Page 25: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

增加名词 7 3 )在某些不及物动词后面加名词

eg: the horse is in the field eating.

马正在牧场里吃草

when we finished later in the afternoon, I had painted up above both wrists and had to wash in gasoline.

傍晚完工时,我的两碗以上都占了油漆,必须用汽油清洗。

Page 26: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

增加名词 8 4 )在形容词前或者后面加名词

eg: she was pale and fat.

她面色苍白,身体肥胖。

Page 27: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

增加名词 9 5 )在英文中,有些由形容词派生的名词在

翻译成汉语时,要还原为形容词,并根据上下文加上名词。

eg: image my excitement when I saw that it was a real boat.

你可以想象得到,当我看到那是一条真正的船时,心情多么的兴奋。

Page 28: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

增加名词 10 6 )常见抽象名词的翻译:Necessity,必要性Preparation, 准备工作Pessimism,悲观情绪Relativity,相对论

When the exploration was completed, the two astronauts on the moon would blast off in the landing craft to join the moon-ship once more.

勘探工作完成后,月球上的两名宇航员便引发了登月舱上的火箭,并重新回到了宇宙飞船上。

Madness , 疯狂行为Backwardness 落后状态。 : lighthearedness, 轻松愉快的心情arrogance, 傲慢态度 irregularity 越轨行为

Page 29: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

增加量词• A lesson 一堂课• A dog 一只狗• A song 一首歌• A machine 一台机器• A meal 一顿饭

Page 30: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

在有些动词后面需要加上“一 + 动量词”增加量词,表示动作是试一试;或者在动词后面加上表示方位的副词。

• eg: she tried a smile, it came out rather peculiar.

• 她试着笑了一笑,笑容是那样的怪诞。

Page 31: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

• eg: I must have a rest before I go on.• 我必须休息一下再走。

• eg: one night years age, I was here alone, when all the fish surfaced.

• 许多年前的一个晚上,我一个人在这里,突然海里的鱼全都浮了上来

Page 32: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

增加表示复数的量词• He has been running a fever for days.• 他已经发烧好几天了。

• Storms of snow threatened to bury the trail.

• 阵阵雪暴预示着要把这条路径埋没了

Page 33: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

增加语气词• He thought and thought, but could

not come out with an answer.• 他想啊,想啊,却想不出一个答案

来。

Page 34: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

增加其他一些词• He wanted to make her answer for he

r treatment of him.

• 他让她说明理由为什么这样对待他

需要注意的是:无论加什么,不要改变原来的意思

Page 35: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

因修辞需要增词 she took a taste of her drink and

then leaned back comfortably with her cigarette.

她品了一口饮料,舒适的靠在后面,嘴里叼着烟卷儿。

Page 36: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda

因为句法的需要增词• 增加表示时态的词• This is the second game. They ‘ve won th

e first.

• 这是第二场比赛,他们已经赢了第一场。

She makes a good teacher, as she was a good student.他原先是个好学生,现在是个好老师。

Page 37: Chapter 2_2 ---section3 Translation in two way By Yolanda