Chapter 91 KY THUAT NANG-VAN CHUYEN CHNG 9 BAO AM AN TOAN LAM VIEC MAY TRUC Chapter 92 THIET B AN TOAN CUA MAY TRUC Bo han che hanh trnh Bo han che chieu cao nang Chc nang : Thiet b nham muc ch ngan nga trng hp nang tai len en nh can hoac en au dam cau. Khi tai c nang en o cao gii han th thiet b lien ong se t ong ngat dan ong cua c cau nang e ngng nang tai tiep. Cau tao, va nguyen ly hoat ong : Bo tiep iem c lap vao mach ieu khien c cau nang cua can truc sao cho v tr lam viec cac tiep iem luon ong mach. Khi nang moc en v tr tren cung. Cum moc 3 cham vao vong tay on 2 tac dung vao on bo tiep iem. Cac tiep iem ngat mach va ong c nang c dng lai. Bo han che chieu cao nang vat at au can 1- Bo tiep iem ien 2- Vong tay on 3- Cum moc cau Chapter 93 THIET B AN TOAN CUA MAY TRUC Bo han che hanh trnh Bo han che chieu cao nang Nguyen ly hoat ong : Tng t han che chieu cao nang vat at au can. Khi nang vat en chieu cao nang cho phep th cum moc cau 3 se cham vao on 4. on 4 i len se tac dung vao on bo tiep iem 2. Khi o, ong c c cau nang ( palang ien ) se b ngat ien. Bo han che hanh trnh nang vat palang ien 1-Palang ien 2- Bo tiep iem ien 3- Cum moc cau 4- on 5- Cum banh xe di chuyen kieu treo 6- ong c c cau di chuyen Chapter 94 THIET B AN TOAN CUA MAY TRUC Bo han che hanh trnh Bo han che hanh trnh di chuyen Chc nang : am bao cho may truc hay xe con khong di chuyen vt ngoai gii han cho phep ( gii han goc quay oi vi can truc, gii han hanh trnh di chuyen cua cau truc, xe con, palang ) Cau tao va nguyen ly hoat ong Bo ngat kieu on co hai v tr lam viec ve 2 pha ke t iem 0, tc la cho phep quay phai va trai. S o ien co kha nang m may c cau e chuyen ong ngc lai. Bo han che hanh trnh di chuyen Chapter 95 THIET B AN TOAN CUA MAY TRUC Bo han che hanh trnh Bo han che hanh trnh nang can: Chc nang : Ngat dan ong cua c cau nang, ha can khi goc tao nen gia can va phng nam ngang at tr so gii han Cau tao va nguyen ly hoat ong : Hai dang cua bo han che hanh trnh nang can : s dung c chan, tiep iem ien va day cap gi. hnh a, khi goc nghieng can at gia tr gii han th c chan se tac ong vao on, ngat tiep iem ien dan en ngat ong c nang can. hnh b, day cap mot au noi vi phan co nh cua may truc, au con lai c noi vao can. Bang cach nay co the ngan khong cho goc nghieng can vt gia tr ln nhat. Bo han che hanh trnh nang can a-Dung c chan va bo tiep iem ien b- Dung day cap gi Chapter 96 THIET B AN TOAN CUA MAY TRUC Bo han che mo men nang Chc nang: T ong ngat ong c c cau nang khi momen nang vt qua gii han cho phep. ieu nay co ngha la khi vat nang nang qua gii han cho phep ng vi moi tam vi. Cau tao va nguyen ly hoat ong : Cam bien lc : Cam bien lc c lap gia cac day chang 4 noi au can vi vanh puli ong 1 cua cap nang can. Cam bien lc la mot lo xo vong, co cac thanh keo c gan vao he cap nang can. Lo xo noi vi c cau truyen ong bang lo xo xoan, nh o ma chuyen dch dai cua cac thanh keo thanh chuyen dch goc, ong thi la quay truc cua bien tr. Khi tang lc keo cua cap nang th goc tao bi cac cap thanh giang se tang len. Lo xo vong se bien dang va keo theo s dch chuyen con chay cua bien tr. Khi bien tr c noi vao mach ien, chuyen dch dai se bien thanh tn hieu ien. Chapter 97 THIET B AN TOAN CUA MAY TRUC Bo han che momen nang 1-Vanh puli ong 2- Thanh giang 3- Bo cam bien lc 4- Cap giang can 5- Ong noi 6- on 7- Bo cam bien goc nghieng can 8- Gia cua cam bien goc nghieng can Chapter 98 THIET B AN TOAN CUA MAY TRUC Bo han che mo men nang Cam bien goc nghieng can : Cam bien goc ngieng can 7 c lap ong truc vi chot quay cua can. Truc cua bo cam bien goc nghieng lien ket vi can bang mot on 6. Do o khi can quay, qua on 6 se cung lam quay truc cua cam bien goc quay. S quay cua truc c truyen qua bo truyen banh rang va khp an hoi en con chay cua bien tr ( chuyen oi t gia tr goc nghieng sang tn hieu ien ). Chapter 99 THIET B AN TOAN CUA MAY TRUC Mach rle ieu khien : Hai bien tr cua cam bien lc va cam bien goc nghieng ket hp vi rle ieu khien c cau nang c noi vi nhau theo s o mach cau ien tr Trong bo han che momen nang s dung nguyen tac so sanh tn hieu do cam bien lc va cam bien goc nghieng can. Khi trong lng vat nang a at en tr so cho phep ng vi tam vi, mach cau can bang khong co dong ien chay qua cuon day 3, dan ti ngat mach cac tiep iem cua rle va ngat ien c cau nang ( hay can truc ). S o ien cua bo han che momen nang 1-Bien tr cua cam bien lc 2- Bien tr cua cam bien goc nghieng 3 - Cuon day cua rle ieu khien c cau nang Chapter 910 THIET B AN TOAN CUA MAY TRUC Bo giam chan : Chc nang : Bo giam chan at cuoi hanh trnh di chuyen cua cau truc, xe con co chc nang han che s di chuyen do quan tnh cua cau truc hay xe con sau khi bo han che hanh trnh di chuyen tac dung. Bo giam chan Chapter 911 THIET B AN TOAN CUA MAY TRUC Thiet b chong xo (bo kep ray ) Chc nang : Kep ray cua may truc chay tren ray nham am bao s on nh cua may truc trong trng hp gio to. Chapter 912 THIET B AN TOAN CUA MAY TRUC Thiet b chong xo (bo kep ray ) 1- on 2- Dam cuoi 3- e -cu 4 Tiep iem ien 5- Truc vt 6- Xch 7- a xch 8-Chot 9- Truc co lap ma kep 10-Khoi lng 11- Chot 12- Banh xe 13- on 14-Khung 15 Can Chapter 913 THIET B AN TOAN CUA MAY TRUC Thiet b chong xo (bo kep ray ) Cau tao va nguyen ly hoat ong : Hnh a, bo kep ray co on 1 c lap ban le vi dam cuoi 2 cua cau truc qua chot 8. Mot au cua on 1 la e-cu 3 c lap tren truc vt 5. Mot au cua truc vt co ren phai con au kia co ren trai. Khi muon kep hay nha ray, chung ta tac ong qua tay quay, qua bo truyen xch 6,7 lam quay truc vt lam e-cu dch chuyen ra hay vao, do o mot au cua on se ep vao hoac nha ra khoi ray. Ngoai ra bo kep ray con co cong tac 4 co tac dung ngat ien c cau di chuyen ( hay may truc ) khi v tr kep ray. Chapter 914 THIET B AN TOAN CUA MAY TRUC Thiet b chong xo (bo kep ray ) Cau tao va nguyen ly hoat ong : Hnh b trnh bay mot dang khac cua bo kep ray, on 13 c lap tren khung 16, tren khung co cac banh xe 12. on 13 c lap ban le vi khung qua chot 11, mot au cua on la truc co lap ma kep 9, au kia c noi vi can 15. Khi can 15 c an xuong, truc lech tam ep vao ray, thiet b trang thai kep ray, va c gi trang thai nay qua khoi lng 10. Chapter 915 THIET B AN TOAN CUA MAY TRUC May o gio Chc nang : Thiet b o o gio va phat tn hieu thong bao bang am thanh va anh sang khi gio at ti mot toc o gii han qui nh. May o gio 1- Vo 2- Canh 3- Truc 4- Cuon day phan ng Chapter 916 THIET B AN TOAN CUA MAY TRUC May o gio Cau tao va nguyen ly hoat ong : Khi co gio, canh 2 va truc 3 quay. Truc 3 va cuon day 4 hoat ong nh mot may phat toc, se tao ra mot ien the tng ng t le vi o ln cua van toc goc cua truc 3. Gia tr ien the c chuyen oi thanh lc gio va c hien th tren ong ho cua may o gio ( Hnh b ). ong thi lc gio cung c hien th qua 3 en bao ng vi ba mc : Xanh : lc gio nam trong pham vi cho phep, van hanh may truc bnh thng Vang : lc gio gan at gia tr ln nhat trong pham vi cho phep, co the van hanh may truc nhng can lu y. o : lc gio vt qua gii han cho phep, khong nen van hanh may truc. Yeu cau ngi van hanh phai kep ray. Chapter 917 ON NH CUA MAY TRUC Khai niem chung ve on nh may truc S an toan lam viec cua tat ca cac may truc c am bao nh u o on nh chong lat may truc. o on nh la kha nang am bao can bang va chong lat cua thiet b nang. Mc o on nh cua thiet b nang c xac nh bang ty so gia momen chong lat va momen lat : Trong o : K : He so on nh M d : Momen chong lat M t : Momen lat Chapter 918 ON NH CUA MAY TRUC ieu kien can bang may truc c xac nh bang ty so cua momen chong lat va momen gay lat may truc tac dung so vi ng truc lat ( canh lat ) cua may truc. o on nh cua may truc phai am bao trong moi trng hp va moi ieu kien : v tr lam viec co mang vat ( on nh co tai ) cung nh khong mang vat ( on nh rieng ), trong nhng ieu kien co phoi hp tai trong bat li nhat tac dung len may truc theo quan iem co kha nang gay o may truc. Chapter 919 ON NH CUA MAY TRUC o on nh cua may truc c bieu th bi cac tr so sau : He so on nh co tai He so on nh rieng Chapter 920 ON NH CUA MAY TRUC He so on nh co tai La ty so momen c tao ra bi trong lc cua tat ca cac bo phan cua may truc co tnh en tat ca cac tai trong phu ( tai trong gio, lc quan tnh phat sinh khi m may va ham may cac cac cau nang, quay va di chuyen may truc ) Cung nh momen cua trong lc thanh phan khi may truc lam viec tren a hnh co o nghieng ln nhat cho phep va momen c tao ra bi trong lc cua vat oi vi canh lat cua may truc. Chapter 921 ON NH CUA MAY TRUC He so on nh rieng La ty so momen c tao ra bi trong lc cua tat ca cac bo phan cua may truc co tnh en o nghieng cua a hnh may ng ve hng lat va momen c tao ra bi tai trong gio oi vi canh lat Theo qui pham an toan th tr so cac he so on nh co tai va he so on nh rieng khong c nho hn 1,15. Viec xac nh gia tr bang so cua cac he so nay c tien hanh khi khong tnh en tac ong cua cac bo kep ray v chung lam tang o on nh cua may truc. Chapter 922 ON NH CUA MAY TRUC oi vi can truc : o on nh cua may truc can phai am bao khi tay can nam doc cung nh nam vuong goc vi ng may ng. V a so trng hp cac can truc di ong th khoang vet banh xe thng nho hn khoang cach truc banh xe cho nen ta lay trng hp nguy hiem hn ca e tnh toan on nh la v tr tay can vuong goc vi truc ng may ng. S xac nh on nh co tai va on nh rieng can c tien hanh oi vi goc nghieng cua can truc khong nho hn 3o oi vi can truc co tay can ( ngoai tr can truc ng sat ) va 1o oi vi can truc cang. cac can truc ng sat dung e lam viec ma khong co chan chong phu th can phai tnh en s chenh lech cua ray nay so vi ray kia nhng oan ng cung. Chapter 923 ON NH CUA MAY TRUC oi vi cong truc : Cong truc phai c kiem tra on nh theo ca hai phng song song va vuong goc vi ng ray di tac dung cua tai trong nang danh ngha, tai trong gio ln nhat trang thai lam viec va tai trong quan tnh. Chapter 924 ON NH CUA MAY TRUC On nh khi lam viec co tai : S o xac nh on nh can truc a ) On nh co tai va b ) On nh rieng Chapter 925 ON NH CUA MAY TRUC Cac thanh phan lc tac dung len can truc khi co tai va he so on nh Khi kiem tra on nh co tai, chung ta xet v tr vat tam vi ln nhat. Khi o o nghieng va tai trong gio Wg c lay sao cho chung tac dung theo hng gay lat o can truc. e xac nh o nghieng tren be mat lam viec va kiem tra khi can phai at can truc tren cac chan chong phu th cac can truc co can vi, can truc t hanh, can truc keo c trang b bo phan ch nghieng. Chapter 926 ON NH CUA MAY TRUC He so on nh co tai : Trong o : M v =G v.a Momen c tao ra bi trong lng vat nang danh ngha oi vi canh lat M G =G.c Momen c tao ra bi trong lc cua cac bo phan can truc va oi trong oi vi canh lat co tnh en goc nghieng cho phep M g = W g.d Momen c tao ra bi tai trong gio tai v tr lam viec, tac dung len dien tch choan gio cua can truc va vat nang, tac dung vuong goc vi canh lat va song song vi be mat may ng M qt Tong momen quan tnh cua cac phan t can truc va vat nang, phat sinh trong qua trnh m may va phanh cac c cau cua can truc va lc ly tam khi quay can truc Chapter 927 ON NH CUA MAY TRUC Khi xac nh tong momen lc quan tnh phai tnh en kha nang phoi hp cac nguyen cong nang va ha vat vi s quay can truc. Neu can truc di chuyen co mang vat tren cum moc cau va neu khi o co kha nang phoi hp cac nguyen cong nang vat, quay va di chuyen can truc th ngi ta tien hanh kiem tra on nh co tai theo hng di chuyen cua no. Khi o ngi ta tnh momen lat cua cac lc quan tnh phat sinh trong thi iem tang toc va phanh c cau di chuyen can truc. S anh hng cua o nghieng a hnh va lc quan tnh en o on nh cua can truc se tang len cung vi s tang o cao cua trong tam cua can truc va oi trong va o giam kch thc vet banh xe. e tang on nh va giam khoi lng can thiet cua oi trong, cac can truc co tam vi thay oi oi khi c trang b oi trong di ong lap tren can, t ong thay oi v tr oi trong khi thay oi tam vi cua tay can. Do o se giam tai trong len c cau thay oi tam vi va phu hp vi s can bang phan quay cua can truc Chapter 928 ON NH CUA MAY TRUC Bien phap phong nga s mat on nh cua can truc : Khong c va nang tai, va quay hoac va di chuyen thiet b nang, khi nha may che tao khong qui nh trong ho s ky thuat e ngan nga hien tng qua tai, trong cau tao cua can truc a trang b bo phan khong che qua tai, bo phan nay dung e ngat t ong c cau nang khi tai trong vt qua 110%. Thiet b nay de h hong, nen can chu y cac bien phap to chc, ky thuat : Cung cap danh muc cac tai va trong lng cua chung Khi cha ro trong lng cua tai th phai xac nh roi mi nang Nang nhng tai gan bang trong tai th phai nhac th len 100mm roi mi nang tiep Chapter 929 ON NH CUA MAY TRUC Chan chong : cong dung cua chan chong la tang on nh cua may truc, do o phai : Ha chan chong moi khi may truc lam viec Dung e ke chuyen dung e ke chan chong, khi may truc lam viec tren cac vung co o lun khong eu th phai dung cac phien betong co thiet dien ln lout di e ke Mat bang lam viec doc qua mc quy nh : Goc nghieng cua mat bang may truc lam viec khong c ln hn 3o Khong c phanh ot ngot khi nang, ha hoac quay tai vi toc o ln. ay la nguyen nhan tao ra lc quan tnh ln, lc nay co the lam may truc mat on nh S dung kep ray : Kep ray cua may truc chay tren ray nham am bao s on nh cua may truc trong trng hp co gio to. Khi may truc ngng lam viec phai van chat tat ca cac kep ray tren ng ray. Chapter 930 ON NH CUA MAY TRUC On nh rieng khi khong nang hang va co nhng tai trong bat li tac dung Theo qui pham an toan, ngi ta khong yeu cau kiem tra o on nh cua cac cong truc va ban cong truc. Nhng cac loai may truc nay cung can phai co u o d tr on nh v chung co dien tch choan gio rat ln. Cac tai trong ong trong thi ky lam viec khong bnh on cua c cau di chuyen phoi hp vi tai trong gio co the tao ra momen lat ln. o on nh cua may truc nay trang thai lam viec c ac trng bi mot he so on nh. He so on nh nay la ty so cua momen c tao ra bi trong lc cua cong truc. cua vat va momen cua lc quan tnh va lc gio tac dung len ket cau thep cua cong truc va vat. Ngi ta tien hanh kiem tra s lat doc va lat ngang cua cong truc. Chapter 931 ON NH CUA MAY TRUC S o xac nh on nh co tai cua cong truc theo hai phng a) Phng doc oi vi ng chay b) Phng ngang oi vi ng chay Chapter 932 ON NH CUA MAY TRUC He so d tr on nh co tai theo hng doc ng chay bang : Trong o : G v, G ct,G x tng ng la trong lc cua vat, cua may truc va cua xe con F v, F ct, F x tng ng la lc quan tnh cua vat, cua may truc va cua xe con khi phanh ot ngot may truc W g tai trong gio tong cong B- Khoang cach tam banh xe may truc h ct, h x, h g Tng ng la cac tay on tac dung cua cac lc quan tnh cua cong truc, xe con mang vat va tai trong gio oi vi mat phang i qua be mat lan cua cac ng ray. Chapter 933 ON NH CUA MAY TRUC Ngi ta tien hanh kiem tra on nh co tai trong chong lat ngang may truc oi vi cac may truc co cong xon va tam rong ln He so d tr on nh trong trng hp nay bang : Trong o : F v va F x tng ng la cac lc quan tnh cua vat va xe lan khi phanh xe lan khan cap w g tai trong gio tac dung len may truc theo hng vuong go vi ng truc cua ray l- tam rong cua may truc h g va l cac tay on tac dung cua tai trong gio, trong lc cua vat va xe lan oi vi canh lat Chapter 934 ON NH CUA MAY TRUC o on nh cua cong truc trang thai khong lam viec c ac trng bi he so on nh rieng o la ty so cua momen xcua trong lc cua tat ca cac bo phan cua cong truc va monmen cua tai trong gio. he so on nh rieng khong c nho hn 1,15 Chapter 935 ANY QUESTIONS ? .. THANK YOU