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Chemical Reactor Engineering I Youn-Woo Lee School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Seoul National University 155-741, 1 Gwanangro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea [email protected] http://sfpl.snu.ac.kr Lecture #1

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  • Chemical Reactor Engineering I

    Youn-Woo Lee School of Chemical and Biological Engineering

    Seoul National University 155-741, 1 Gwanangro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea [email protected] http://sfpl.snu.ac.kr

    Lecture #1

  • Syllabus 반응공학

    Youn-Woo Lee School of Chemical & Biological Eng.

    Seoul National University

  • 교과목명 반응공학1 개설학부 화학생물공학부 교과목번호 458.303 강좌번호 002 총학점 3

    담당교수 이윤우 e-mail/ 연구실 [email protected]/

    302동 726호 연락처 880-1883

    교과목 홈페이지 http://sfpl.snu.ac.kr

    교과목 구분 전공필수

    수강대상 3학년 선수 권장과목 화학생물공학입문

    공정전산기초, 물리화학, 화공열역학

    강의시간 월, 수 14:00-15:15 강의실 302동 508호

    강의조교 윤태준 안진주 상담시간 강의시간후

    교과목 목표

    일정한 온도에서 반응이 일어나는 화학반응기내의 Mole balance와 반응속도를 근거로 하여 반응전환율에 따른 반응기 크기 (연속 흐름반응기) 또는 반응시간 (회분식 반응기)을 결정하는 설계 알고리즘을 습득한다. 반응속도식을 실험적으로 어떻게 구하는 지를 배우며 이를 반응기설계에 있어서 어떻게 활용하는 지를 배운다. 여러 형태의 반응기 (교반형 회분식반응기, 교반형 연속식 탱크 반응기, 연속식 관형 반응기, 촉매충전형 연속 관형반응기 등)의 설계기법을 배우고, 여러 반응형태 (단일반응, 병렬반응, 직렬반응, 복합반응)에 대한 반응기 적용 예를 배운다. 셰일가스의 등장으로 새롭게 부각되고 있는 에탄가스의 화학제품 활용을 위한 실제크기의 공업용 반응기를 설계하는 기법을 배우기 위하여 다음과 같은 실전 예제를 다룬다: (1) 에탄의 탈수소화반응으로 에텔렌을 생산하는 기상반응기 (PFR) 설계, (2) 에틸렌을 부분산화하여 에틸렌오사이드를 제조하는 촉매충전층반응기 (PBR) 설계, 그리고 (3) 에틸렌옥사이드를 수화반응하여 에틸렌글리콜을 생산하는 CSTR 설계. 또한 다양한 마이크로반응기, 반회분식반응기, 멤브레인반응기, 생물반응기를 설계하는 연습을 통하여 엔지니어링 센스를 습득한다.

    수업 진행방법 이론수업

    교재 및

    참고서

    교재 핵심 화학반응공학 (2011) H. Scott Fogler지음 / 이윤우 옮김 피어슨에듀케이션코리아

    참고서 Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering (2011) H. Scott Fogler Pearson Education Inc.

    성적 평가방법 출석+학습태도

    * (10%), 과제 (15%), 시험1 (20%), 시험2 (25%), 시험3 (30%)

    주 별 진 행 계 획 강 의 계 획 서 회수 날짜 장 강의계획

    1 03월02일(수) 제1장 몰수지

    서론, 공업용반응기, 공업반응기 분류

    2 03월07일(월) 이상적 반응기, 일반몰수지식, 설계방정식

    3 03월09일(수) 제2장 전화율, 반응기크기 선정

    전화율, 설계방정식, 레벤스필 플롯, 반응기크기

    4 03월14일(월) 직렬연결반응기, 공간시간, 공간속도

    5 03월16일(수) 제3장 속도법칙 반응차수, 속도법칙, 반응속도상수, 활성화에너지

    6 03월21일(월) 제4장 화학양론

    화학양론-정용 (constant volume)

    7 03월23일(수) 화학양론-변용 (variable volume)

    8 03월28일(월) 시험1

    9 03월30일(수) 제5장 등온반응기설계

    등온 반응기 설계-회분식반응기, CSTR

    10 04월04일(월) 등온 반응기 설계-PFR, PBR 압력강하

    11 04월06일(수) 등온 반응기 설계-PBR, 화학공장의 통합설계

    12 04월11일(월) 제6장 등온반응기: 몰유량

    몰유량수지 알고리즘

    13 04월13일(수) 총선

    14 04월18일(월) 마이크로/멤브레인/반회분식반응기/start-up

    15 04월20일(수) 제7장 속도자료 분석

    자료해석 알고리즘/적분법/비선형회귀법

    16 04월25일(월) 미분반응기 (고체촉매반응)

    17 04월27일(수) 시험2

    18 05월02일(월)

    제8장 복합반응

    복합반응 알고리즘/병렬반응/반응기선택과 조건

    19 05월04일(수) 직렬반응

    20 05월09일(월) 복합반응(PBR, CSTR, 반회분식)

    21 05월11일(수) 복합반응(PBR, CSTR, 반회분식)

    22 05월16일(월) 복합반응(멤브레인)

    23 05월18일(수)

    제9장 반응메커니즘 생물반응

    활성중간체, PSSH, 반응메커니즘, 반응경로

    24 05월23일(얼) 효소반응, 효소-기질 복합체, 마이켈리스-멘텐식

    25 05월25일(수) 효소반응의 저해

    26 05월30일(월) 생물반응기, 회분식

    27 06월01일(수) 생물반응기, CSTR

    28 06월06일(월) 현충일

    29 06월08일(수) 보충수업

    30 06월13일(월) 시험3

  • Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering Pearson Education November 01, 2010

    Textbook

    Supercritical Fluid Process Lab

    Fogler, H.S. Scott Fogler is Past President of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers for 2010. He received his B.S. from the University of Illinois and his M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Colorado. He is the Ame and Catherine Vennema professor of chemical engineering and the Arthur F. Thurnau professor at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.

  • 핵심화학반응공학 ㈜ 피어슨에듀케이션코리아

    2011년 12월23일

    H. Scott Fogler지음

    이윤우 옮김

    교 과 서

    Supercritical Fluid Process Lab

    Syllabus Reaction Engineering I (458.303.002)

  • 반응공학이란 무엇인가? 반응공학은 반응기를 합리적으로 설계하고, 안전하게 조작하는 데 필요한 지식을 체계화한 학문이다. 구체적으로, 반응공학은 몰수지(반응기에 얼마나 많은 반응물이 들어가고 생산물이 얼마나 나가는가? 즉 얼마나 많이 생산할 것인가?), 반응속도(반응물은 얼마나 빨리 소모하는가? 제품은 얼마나 빨리 생성되는가?), 화학양론(반응물에 대하여 생성물의 몰수는?), 에너지수지(최적 반응온도는 무엇인가? 안전하게 운전할 수 있는가?), 열역학(우리가 도달할 수 있는 한계는 어디까지인가?) 등을 결합하여 반응공학 문제를 해결하는 학문이다. 반응공학 문제해결 알고리즘 =몰수지+반응속도식+화학양론(+에너지수지)

  • 주요 반응공학 문제 (1) 화학반응을 동반하는 반응기의 형태와 크기 결정 (2) 반응기의 배열 (3) 반응시간의 예측 (4) 반응 실험 자료의 확보 및 해석 (5) 반응기 내에서의 압력강하 (6) 복합반응에서의 선택성과 수율의 최대화 (7) 비기초반응의 속도식 결정과 반응메커니즘의 예측 (8) 고체 촉매 반응에서의 속도식 결정 (9) 고체 촉매 반응에서의 속도제한 단계의 분석 (10) 고체촉매반응에서의 반응과 물질전달 (11) 최적의 반응온도 결정 (12) 非등온반응에서의 열교환 능력의 결정 (13) 단열 반응기의 안전성 해석 (14) 非정상상태 반응기 운전

  • 주요 반응공학 문제 예제 (1) 공업용 반응기를 PFR로 할 것인가 CSTR로 할 것인가? (2) 실험용 반응기를 설계하는 데 고려해야 하는 것은? (3) 생산량을 늘리려면 온도를 올릴 것인가 반응기를 크게 할 것인가? (4) 생산량을 30% 늘리려면 반응기 부피(촉매의 무게)는 얼마나 크게 해야 하는가? (5) 반응기배열: CSTR1→CSTR2→CSTR3 또는 CSTR1→CSTR2→PFR 로 할 것인가? (6) 맥주제조 발효기를 언제 중단해야 맛있는 맥주를 만들 수 있는가? (7) 세계에서 처음 수행하는 화학반응의 속도식은 어떻게 구할 것인가? (8) 속도식을 구하려고 하는데 어떤 반응기를 사용할 것인가? (9) 가역반응의 전화율을 높이는 반응기는? (10) 멤브레인 반응기를 선택하는 경우는? (11) 촉매 크기를 변경할 경우 반응기 내에서의 압력강하 변화와 전화율 변화는? (12) 압력강하를 줄이기 위하여 반응기 직경을 늘리거나 촉매의 크기를 늘리는 경우? (13) Start up에서 정상상태에 도달하는 시간은? (14) 평행반응에서 선택성과 수율의 최대화와 할 수 있는 반응기 선택은? (15) 연속반응에서 선택성과 수율의 최대화와 할 수 있는 방법은? (16) 반회분식 반응기는 어떤 경우에 사용되는가? (17) 非기초반응의 속도식 결정하는 방법은? (18) 생물반응기는 어떻게 설계하는가?

  • 이상적인 반응기 (ideal reactors) 반응공학 문제를 해결하는 능력을 키우기 위해 이 강좌에서는 다루는 반응기들 (1) 회분식반응기(batch) (2) 연속교반탱크반응기(CSTR) (3) 플러그흐름반응기(PFR) (4) 충전층반응기(PBR) (5) 유동층 CSTR (6) 미분(differential)반응기 (7) 멤브레인반응기

    이상적인 반응기들(ideal reactors)을 대상으로 하여 반응기 설계 알고리즘을 따라서 여러 가지 문제를 논리적으로 접근하며 해결할 수 있도록 한다.

  • 강의 주제 Syllabus 반응공학

    Seoul National University

    • 이상적인 반응기: batch, CSTR, plug flow • 하나의 반응에 대하여 이상반응기에서 몰수지식 작성

    • 반응속도, 화학양론, 결합 이해

    • 이상적 반응기의 특징 및 성능비교

    • 반응속도식 구하는 방법 • 연속반응과 평행반응 확장 • Kinetics를 위한 실험실적 반응기 선택방법

    • 유체의 밀도가 변하는 반응계와 압력강하

    • 반응기, 분리기, 재순환과 최적화 개념 • 복합반응에서의 선택성과 수율, 그리고 반응기 선택방법

  • Chemical Process

    Separation processes

    Separation processes

    Chemical reaction

    Raw materials Products

    Byproducts

    The key component is the chemical reactor in any processes.

    In typical chemical processes the capital and operating costs of the reactor may be only 10 to 25% of the total, with separation units dominating the size and cost of the process. Yet the performance of the chemical reactor totally controls the costs and modes of operation of these expensive separation units, and thus the chemical reactor largely controls the overall economics of most processes. Improvement in the reactor usually have enormous impact on upstream and downstream separation processes.

    Seoul National University

  • Use of Nitrobenzene

    Benzene nitrobenzene aniline MDA MDI polyurethane

    Acetaminophen

    Herbicide, dye pigment

    Vulcanization accelerator

    Seoul National University

  • The production of nitrobenzene: 1 ton/yr

    NO2

    + HNO3 + H2O H2SO4

    Benzene M.W.=78 bp=80oC SP.GR.=0.88 Insoluble with water

    Nitrobenzene M.W.=123 bp=211oC SP.GR.=1.2 Insoluble with water

    Sulfuric acid M.W.=98 bp=290oC SP.GR.=1.5 (60%) soluble with water

    Nitric acid M.W.=63 bp=121oC SP.GR.=1.4 (100%) soluble with water

    BASIS: 1000kg of Nitrobenzene Thoe. 8.13 kgmole 8.13 kgmole 8.13 kgmole Theo. 634 kg 512 kg 1000 kg Real 640 kg 515 kg 3.3 kg (consumption) Excess 3 kg 3.3 kg (consumption) Excess 0.037 kgmole 0.034 kgmole (consumption)

    HNO3 +NaOH → NaNO3 +H2O H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O NaOH requirement=0.037*40+0.034*2*40=4.2kg ~ 0.004 ton

    Benzene nitric acid sulfuric acid

    Seoul National University

  • The production of nitrobenzene

    NO2

    + HNO3 + H2O H2SO4

    Benzene M.W.=78 bp=80oC SP.GR.=0.88 Insoluble with water

    Nitrobenzene M.W.=123 bp=211oC SP.GR.=1.2 Insoluble with water

    Sulfuric acid M.W.=98 bp=290oC SP.GR.=1.5 (60%) soluble with water

    Nitric acid M.W.=63 bp=121oC SP.GR.=1.4 (100%) soluble with water

    Nitrobenzene 1 ton

    Raw materials Utilities

    Benzene 0.64 ton cooling water 14,200 gal

    Nitric acid (100%) 0.515 ton steam 800 lb

    Sulfuric acid (100%) 0.0033 ton electricity 20 kWh

    NaOH 0.004 ton compressed air 180 scf/m

    Seoul National University

  • Flow sheet for the production of nitrobenzene

    steam

    Condensate to wash

    Vacuum jet

    Surface condenser

    vapors

    Sulfuric acid concentrator

    Reactors (Nitrators) Separator

    benzene

    Crude Nitrobenzene (

  • Flow sheet for the production of nitrobenzene

    steam

    Condensate to wash

    Vacuum jet

    Surface condenser

    vapors

    Sulfuric acid concentrator

    Reactors (Nitrators) Separator

    benzene

    Crude Nitrobenzene (

  • Chemical Kinetics

    The knowledge of chemical reaction engineering

    How is a chemical engineer different from other engineers?

    the study of - chemical reaction rates - reaction mechanisms

    Reactor Design the study of - Mole Balance - Stoichiometry - Fluid flow - Heat & Mass Transfer - Catalyst

    A

    AA

    AA

    AA

    CkCkr

    kCrkCr

    2

    1

    2

    1+=−

    =−

    =−

    ∫=A

    A

    N

    NA

    A

    VrdNt

    0

    Seoul National University

  • Industrial Reactors

    Seoul National University

  • Batch Reactor Stirring Apparatus

    HANDHOLES

    Conventional jacket

    回分式反応器

    Seoul National University

  • Cutaway View of CSTR

    Helix Impeller

    Marine Type Propeller

    pitched blade turbine

    flat blade radial turbine

    Gas Entrainment Impeller

    Spiral Agitator

    Anchor Stirrer

    Turbine Type Impeller

    http://www.jeiopi.co.kr/english/prd/impeller.htm

    Hydrofoil

    攪拌槽型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

    http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=impeller/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.sharpemixers.com/Sharpe Web/Radial Impeller.jpg

  • CSTR/batch Reactor 攪拌槽型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • Type of Jacket

    Dimpled Jacket

    Half pipe jacket

    Baffles

    Inner coil type Heat exchange

    impeller

    Conventional jacket

    www.centralfabricators.com/hpipej.htm

    攪拌槽型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • Stirred Tank Reactor 攪拌槽型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor 攪拌槽型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • polymerization reactor 攪拌槽型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • High Pressure Tubular Reactor for LDPE (Low Density PolyEthylene) plant

    ExxonMobil's tubular process technology

    for Sasol's new high-pressure low density

    polyethylene (LDPE) plant in Sasolburg,

    South Africa. The new 220,000 ton-per-

    year plant is expected to be completed in

    2005.

    管型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • The Shinko Pantec Plant, Capacity: 1100 kg/h

    Tubular Reactor for SCWO 管型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • The default configuration catalytically reacts ethylene (reactant A) with benzene (reactant B), an exothermic reaction, to produce ethylbenzene (product C), an intermediate chemical used in the manufacture of styrene monomer. (http://www.simtronics.com/catalog/spm/spm2200a.htm)

    a bank of catalyst packed tubes (Zeolite)

    Ethylene

    Ethylbenzene

    Benzene

    430oC, 20bar

    400oC, 20bar

    177oC 510oC

    Tubular Reactor for production of ethylbenzene 管型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

    http://www.simtronics.com/catalog/spm/spm2200.htm

  • Static Mixer in Tubular Reactor 管型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

    http://www.koflo.com/http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=PFR+reactor/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.komax.com/images/PFReactor.gifhttp://www.cleanersolutions.org/PictureIndex.htmhttp://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=static+mixer/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.e-quipment.com.au/images/Optimized/Static1.jpg

  • Reactor System Used at Amoco

    Industrial Reactor Photos 固定層型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • Spherical Reactor at AMOCO Spherical Reactors Connected in Series

    “Ultraformer Reactor”-Reforming Petroleum Naphtha 固定層型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • Hydrotreating Unit Catalytic hydrotreating is a hydrogenation process used to remove about 90% of contaminants such as nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and metals from liquid petroleum fractions. These contaminants, if not removed from the petroleum fractions as they travel through the refinery processing units, can have detrimental effects on the equipment, the catalysts, and the quality of the finished product. Typically, hydrotreating is done prior to processes such as catalytic reforming so that the catalyst is not contaminated by untreated feedstock. Hydrotreating is also used prior to catalytic cracking to reduce sulfur and improve product yields, and to upgrade middle-distillate petroleum fractions into finished kerosene, diesel fuel, and heating fuel oils. In addition, hydrotreating converts olefins and aromatics to saturated compounds.

    固定層型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • Packed Bed Reactor Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction at Sasol Limited Chemical

    Gas inlet (50% conversion)

    Tube bundle (2050 tubes)

    5cm ID X 12 m H

    Catalyst

    K2O/SiO2 on Fe BET=200m2/g

    Steam injector

    Product = Light hydrocarbon + wax (candle & printing inks)

    固定層型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • Straight Though Transport Reactor Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction at Sasol Limited Chemical

    Reactor 3.5 m ID x 38 m H

    Riser (Straight-Through Transport Reactor)

    (Circulating Fluidized Bed)

    Settling hopper

    Standpipe

    流動層型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • Straight Though Transport Reactor waxes and distillate fuels

    http://www.hcasia.safan.com/mag/hnov02/it60.pdf

    catalyst

    Catalyst 6-9.5 ton/sec

    Feed 300,000 m3/hr @STP 58% H2 32% CO 9% CH4 1% CO2

    Tail Gas (T) 38% H2 35% CH4 12% CO2 11% C2-C5 7% CO

    Volume=365 m3

    3.5m ID X 38m H

    Synoil

    150 ton Catalyst

    P=25atm T=350oC

    Recycle (R)

    R/T=2

    流動層型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • Sasol Advanced Synthol (SAS) Reactor light olefins and gasoline fractions

    流動層型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit in the petroleum refining industry

    流動層型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

    http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=naphtha/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.energy-derivatives.com/images/pictures/naphtha.jpg

  • Stone & Webster’s plant

    Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Reactor 流動層型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • Slurry Phase Distillate Reactor 氣泡塔型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • www.fe.doe.gov/programs/.../tl_liqphase_schematic.html

    Bubble Column Reactor For Fischer-Tropsch Reaction

    氣泡塔型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • Fluidized Bed Gasification Reactor

    www.fao.org/DOCREP/T0512E/ T0512e0a.htm

    GTL reactor for Sasol coal-gasified gas into synthetic oil

    流動層型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • Residual Oil Fluidized-Bed Catalytic Cracking reactor 流動層型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • Dimersol G unit (Two –CSTR and one PFR in series)

    Dimerization propylene into isohexanes

    Institute Français du Petrόle Process

    http://www.ifp.fr/

    管型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

    http://www.ifp.fr/IFP/en/aa.htm

  • The finishing reactor (“the snake”) to comply with LPG specification in the USA (less than 5% olefins)

    Plug-flow reactor for Dimersol™ process 管型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • Automotive Catalytic Converter

    2NO → N2 + O2 2NO2 → N2 + 2O2 2CO + O2 → 2CO2

    固定層型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

    http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=catalytic+convertor/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/home.t-online.de/home/SBeatty/rtcat.jpg

  • Microreactor made of silicon anodically bonded with glass

    Lab-on-Chip made of glass and polymer for DNA amplification and detection

    Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK

    Microreactor and Lab-on-Chip 管型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • Microreactor for DNA analysis

    )50050( mwXh µ

    liternano50

    C°± 1.0

    µ/10 gnano

    管型 反應裝置

    Seoul National University

  • Oxidation Reactor in Semiconductor Processing

    Seoul National University

  • Diamond film is synthesized through CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)

    CVD Diamond coated tools

    SEM of Diamond Films on Si-wafer substrate

    1 to 2 micron/hour

    Seoul National University

  • Metallization

    Integrated Circuit Wafer and Packaged Device

    bis-hexafluoroacetyl-acetonate-CuII (CF3COCHCF3CO)2Cu

    Seoul National University

    http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062857/K=metallization/v=2/SID=w/l=II/R=121/*-http:/images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?p=metallization&ei=UTF-8&n=20&fl=0&b=121&h=496&w=400&imgcurl=www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/bilder/ibm-co.jpg&imgurl=www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/bilder/ibm-co.jpg&name=ibm-co.jpg&p=metallization&rurl=http://www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/lehre/veranst/piba.htm&rcurl=http://www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/lehre/veranst/piba.htm&type=&no=121&tt=810

  • Chemical Reactions in Microelectronics Processing

    Chemical Vapor Deposition

    Plasma Etching Electrochemical Deposition

    Chemical Mechanical Polishing

    Seoul National University

    http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/CVD/http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/PE/http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/CMP/http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/ED/

  • Metal Deposition in Microelectronics Processing

    silicon-diffusion furnace

    Metal Deposition Reactor

    Oxidation reactor

    Seoul National University

  • Ozone Depletion Reaction in Stratosphere

    Paul Crutzen (Seoul National University)

    F. Sherwood Rowland (U. C. Irvine)

    Mario Molina (MIT)

    Seoul National University

  • Bio reactors

    Vaccines From The Bioreactor

    photo-bioreactor

  • Metallurgy: Blast Furnace

  • Water Treatment Systems

  • 工業反應裝置 分類

    1. 固定層型 反應裝置 (Fixed bed) 2. 移動層型 反應裝置 (Moving bed) 3. 流動層型 反應裝置 (Fluidized bed) 4. 攪拌槽型 反應裝置 (Stirred Tank) 5. 氣泡塔型 反應裝置 (Bubble cap tower) 6. 管型 反應裝置 (Tubular) 7. 火炎型 反應裝置 (Flammed) 8. 氣流型 反應裝置 (Pneumatic conveying) 9. 段塔型 反應裝置 (Multi-staged) 10. 回轉圓板型 反應裝置 (Rotary)

    Seoul National University

  • 固定層型 反應裝置 (Fixed bed)

    Gas (Liq)

    Gas (Liq) (a) Fixed bed (1φ) (b) Fixed bed (2φ: Countercurrent)

    Gas

    Gas

    Liq

    Liq

    Gas inlet

    Gas outlet

    (c) Radial flow type

    Gas flow

    Catalyst bed

    (d) Parallel flow type (e) Thin bed catalysis reactor (Ammonia Oxidation)

    Outlet gas

    Catalyst bed Metal

    mesh

    Nitric Oxide

    Ammonia +

    Air Pt/Rh gauze

    Pd/Au screen Porous bed

    Support screen

    2 cm

    Seoul National University

  • 移動層型 反應裝置 (Moving bed)

    Gas

    Gas Gas

    Gas

    Gas

    Gas

    Gas

    Gas

    Gas

    Gas

    Gas

    Gas solid

    solid

    solid

    solid

    solid

    solid solid

    solid

    solid

    Solid

    Catalyst

    (b) Countercurrent (gas-solid rxn)

    (c) Cross flow

    Gas

    (a) Countercurrent (gas-solid cat. rxn)

    (d) Moving grid

    (e) Rotary kiln (rotated) (f) Multistaged

    Seoul National University

  • 流動層型 反應裝置 (Fluidized bed) Gas

    Gas

    Gas Gas

    Gas

    Gas Gas

    Gas

    Gas

    Solid

    Solid

    Solid

    Solid

    Solid Particle Solid

    Particle

    Liquid

    Liquid

    Gas Flow

    (b) Fluidized bed (gas-solid rxn)

    (c) 3φ Fluidized bed

    (a) Fluidized bed (gas-solid cat.)

    (d) High flow fluidized bed (e) Spray flow bed

    Seoul National University

  • 攪拌槽型 反應裝置 (Stirred Tank)

    Gas Steam

    Liquid Gas

    Liquid

    Reactant inlet

    Reactant inlet

    Reactant inlet

    Products

    Products

    Products outlet

    Baffles

    Impeller

    Impeller

    Jacket

    Steam

    Heat Transfer Coil

    (a) CSTR (Jacket)

    (d) Series CSTRs

    (a) CSTR (Coiled)

    (c) CSTR (G-L)

    (e) Multi-Staged CSTRs

    Seoul National University

  • 氣泡塔型 反應裝置 (Bubble cap tower)

    Gas

    Liquid

    Gas

    Gas

    Gas Gas

    Gas

    Liquid

    Liquid

    Liquid Liquid

    Liquid

    Ring Sparger

    Heat Transfer Tubes

    Single hole nozzle

    Multi hole plate

    Multi hole Gas distributor

    (a) Ring sparger type

    (b) Single nozzle gas distribution

    (c) Multi hole gas distribution

    Seoul National University

  • 管型 反應裝置 (Tubular)

    Reactant inlet Products outlet

    HT media

    Reactant inlet

    Products outlet

    Gas

    Gas

    Gas

    Gas

    Liquid Liquid

    Liquid

    Liquid

    HT Media

    HT Media

    tubular reactor

    tubular reactor

    Jacket

    burner

    quenching quenching

    burner

    preheating

    Boiler for Steam generation

    naphtha naphtha

    Cooling water

    Liquid

    Jacket

    (a) Single tube type

    (b) Multi tube type (c) Burner heated type (d) Wetted wall type (e) Spray tower

    Seoul National University

  • 段塔型 反應裝置 (Multi-staged)

    Gas Liquid

    回轉圓板型 反應裝置 (Rotary)

    Gas Liquid

    Vessel

    Rotating Disc

    Axis

    Liquid Level

    Water

    Seoul National University

  • Reactor Types with different phases

    G L SC GS GL GLS LL LG SS

    Fixed bed

    Moving bed

    Fluidized bed

    Stirred tank

    Bubble cap

    Tubular

    Pneumatic

    1 2

    Phase Reactor

    G=Gas, L= Liquid, SC=Solid catalyst, GS=Gas-Solid, GL=Gas-Liquid, GLS=Gas-Liquid-Solid, LL=Liquid-Liquid, LG=Liquid-Gas, LS=Liquid-Solid, SS=Solid-Solid

    3

    4 5 6

    7 8 9 10 11 12

    13 14

    Seoul National University

  • Sele

    ctio

    n of

    Rea

    ctor

    Typ

    e 1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene Ammonia Synthesis Naphtha Reforming Reaction 2. Hydrodesulphurization 3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction 4. Production of Steel in Furnace 5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile Fluidized Catalytic Cracking 6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene Fluidized Coal Combustion 7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene 8. Production of Antibiotics 9. Production of Terephthalic Acid Hydrogenation of Edible Oil 10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR 11. Production of HDPE 12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin 13. Production of LDPE 14. Production of Syngas

    Seoul National University

  • Seoul National University Production of Steel in Furnace

    1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene Ammonia Synthesis Naphtha Reforming Reaction 2. Hydrodesulphurization 3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction 4. Production of Steel in Furnace 5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile Fluidized Catalytic Cracking 6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene Fluidized Coal Combustion 7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene 8. Production of Antibiotics 9. Production of Terephthalic Acid Hydrogenation of Edible Oil 10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR 11. Production of HDPE 12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin 13. Production of LDPE 14. Production of Syngas

  • Seoul National University

    1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene Ammonia Synthesis Naphtha Reforming Reaction 2. Hydrodesulphurization 3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction 4. Production of Steel in Furnace 5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile Fluidized Catalytic Cracking 6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene Fluidized Coal Combustion 7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene 8. Production of Antibiotics 9. Production of Terephthalic Acid Hydrogenation of Edible Oil 10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR 11. Production of HDPE 12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin 13. Production of LDPE 14. Production of Syngas

  • Seoul National University

    1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene Ammonia Synthesis Naphtha Reforming Reaction 2. Hydrodesulphurization 3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction 4. Production of Steel in Furnace 5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile Fluidized Catalytic Cracking 6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene Fluidized Coal Combustion 7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene 8. Production of Antibiotics 9. Production of Terephthalic Acid Hydrogenation of Edible Oil 10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR 11. Production of HDPE 12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin 13. Production of LDPE 14. Production of Syngas

  • 1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene Ammonia Synthesis Naphtha Reforming Reaction 2. Hydrodesulphurization 3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction 4. Production of Steel in Furnace 5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile Fluidized Catalytic Cracking 6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene Fluidized Coal Combustion 7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene 8. Production of Antibiotics 9. Production of Terephthalic Acid Hydrogenation of Edible Oil 10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR 11. Production of HDPE 12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin 13. Production of Ethylene by Cracking of Naphtha 14. Production of Syngas

    Seoul National University

    유동층 촉매반응기는 분자량이 큰 원유 등을 원통의 반응기에서 미분발의 Zeolite Y 촉매를 유동화시켜 작은 분자로 변화시키는 반응기로서 촉매를 재생하는 반응기와 결합하여 사용한다. 이 때 zeolite촉매는 고체이고 원료는 기체로서 공급되고 생성물은 기체로 배출된다.

  • Seoul National University

    1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene Ammonia Synthesis Naphtha Reforming Reaction 2. Hydrodesulphurization 3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction 4. Production of Steel in Furnace 5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile Fluidized Catalytic Cracking 6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene Fluidized Coal Combustion 7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene 8. Production of Antibiotics 9. Production of Terephthalic Acid Hydrogenation of Edible Oil 10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR 11. Production of HDPE 12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin 13. Production of LDPE 14. Production of Syngas

  • 1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene Ammonia Synthesis Naphtha Reforming Reaction 2. Hydrodesulphurization 3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction 4. Production of Steel in Furnace 5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile Fluidized Catalytic Cracking 6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene Fluidized Coal Combustion 7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene 8. Production of Antibiotics 9. Production of Terephthalic Acid Hydrogenation of Edible Oil 10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR 11. Production of HDPE 12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin 13. Production of LDPE 14. Production of Syngas

    Seoul National University

  • Seoul National University

    산업에서 사용되는 화학반응기에 대한 예를 조사하고 어떤 반응기를 사용하고 어떤 상태로 운전되는 지 아래 처럼 정리하여 제출하여라 (ppt 1쪽).

    슬라이드 번호 1슬라이드 번호 2슬라이드 번호 3슬라이드 번호 4슬라이드 번호 5슬라이드 번호 6슬라이드 번호 7슬라이드 번호 8슬라이드 번호 9슬라이드 번호 10슬라이드 번호 11슬라이드 번호 12슬라이드 번호 13슬라이드 번호 14슬라이드 번호 15슬라이드 번호 16슬라이드 번호 17슬라이드 번호 18슬라이드 번호 19슬라이드 번호 20슬라이드 번호 21슬라이드 번호 22슬라이드 번호 23슬라이드 번호 24슬라이드 번호 25슬라이드 번호 26슬라이드 번호 27슬라이드 번호 28슬라이드 번호 29슬라이드 번호 30슬라이드 번호 31슬라이드 번호 32슬라이드 번호 33슬라이드 번호 34슬라이드 번호 35슬라이드 번호 36슬라이드 번호 37슬라이드 번호 38슬라이드 번호 39슬라이드 번호 40슬라이드 번호 41슬라이드 번호 42슬라이드 번호 43슬라이드 번호 44슬라이드 번호 45슬라이드 번호 46슬라이드 번호 47슬라이드 번호 48슬라이드 번호 49슬라이드 번호 50슬라이드 번호 51슬라이드 번호 52슬라이드 번호 53슬라이드 번호 54슬라이드 번호 55슬라이드 번호 56슬라이드 번호 57슬라이드 번호 58슬라이드 번호 59슬라이드 번호 60슬라이드 번호 61슬라이드 번호 62슬라이드 번호 63슬라이드 번호 64슬라이드 번호 65슬라이드 번호 66슬라이드 번호 67슬라이드 번호 68슬라이드 번호 69슬라이드 번호 70슬라이드 번호 71슬라이드 번호 72슬라이드 번호 73