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Chemistry College Entrance Exams in Several Countries June 18, 2006 Guangzhou, China ZHANG BaoHui ( 张张张 ) National Institute of Education Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

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Chemistry College Entrance Exams in Several Countries. June 18, 2006 Guangzhou, China ZHANG BaoHui ( 张宝辉 ) National Institute of Education Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Overview. US Education System SAT II (Subject test: Chemistry) ACT II (Subject test: Chemistry) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

Chemistry College Entrance Exams in Several Countries

June 18, 2006Guangzhou, China

ZHANG BaoHui ( 张宝辉 )National Institute of Education

Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Page 2: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

Overview

• US Education System– SAT II (Subject test: Chemistry)– ACT II (Subject test: Chemistry)– AP (Advanced Placement) Chemistry – ACS Chemistry resources

• Singapore Education System

• Germany Education System

• Japan Education System

• Some suggestions for exam preparation

Page 3: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

US (美国) Education System

Graduate Schools

Primary School, Age 6-11

Kindergarden, Age 5

Undergraduate Schools

Secondary School, Age 12-18

Page 4: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

US College Admissions• While the process has been, to some degree, standardized, college

admissions are generally not centralized, and certainly not on a national level. A student is admitted to the whole college, so admission will look for general academic promise rather than proficiency in one discipline

Top Ten Things • High School Grades • SAT or ACT Scores • SAT II Scores • AP Courses and Test Scores • College Essays • Extracurriculars • Recommendations • Interviews • Answers to Application Questions • Personal Factors: race, gender, background

The exact mix of these different factors ranges from school to school, year to year, and situation to situation (http://collegeapps.about.com/od/yourhighschoolresume/a/topten.htm).

Page 5: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

Acceptance Rate to Some US Colleges

• Harvard University - 11% • Princeton University - 11% • Columbia University - 12% • Stanford University - 13% • Yale University - 13% • MIT - 16% • Brown University - 17% • Cal Tech - 21% • Georgetown University - 21% • University of Pennsylvania - 21% • UCLA - 24% • University of California Berkeley - 24% • Washington University - 24% • Rice University - 24% • Duke University - 25%

(http://collegeapps.about.com/od/rankings/a/u_acceptance.htm )

Page 6: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

SAT Overview

• SAT = Scholastic Aptitude Test• More than two millions students take the SAT each

year, and most colleges use the SAT to help them make admissions decisions about their applicants. A good score on the SAT can make any application stand out, while a poor score can damage your chances. The perfect score on the SAT is a 2400. On each of the three SAT sections - Critical Reading, Math, and Writing - a student will get a score ranging between 200-800.

• http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/sat

• SAT subject area exams (including chemistry): Amazon (www.amazon.com) usually carries prep books for this exam. I have never seen an actual exam. The Educational Testing Service in Princeton, NJ, USA, administers the exams.(http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/sat/lc_two/chem/prac/cs/csprac01.html?chem )

Page 7: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

SAT Preparation Booklet

• SAT Subject Tests™ Preparation Booklet 2005-06– Overview of each subject test– What subject tests to take– Test-taking tips and approaches– Sample questions with answers and

explanations– Page 28-32 with sample questions

Page 8: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

SAT—Chemistry Sample Questions I

Page 9: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

SAT—Chemistry Sample Questions II

Classification SetsElectrolysis of water to form hydrogen and oxygen gases

(A)  Precipitation

(B)  Oxidation-reduction

(C)  Distillation

(D)  Hydration

(E)  Condensation

Page 10: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

SAT—Chemistry Sample Questions III

Relationship Analysis

About Relationship Analysis QuestionsOn the actual Chemistry Test, the following type of question must be answered on the special section (labeled "Chemistry") at the lower left-hand corner of page 2 of your answer sheet. These questions will be numbered beginning with 101.

I. A molecule of silicon tetrachloride, SiCl4, is nonpolar

BECAUSE

II. the four bonds in SiCl4 are

identical and the molecule has a tetrahedral structure.

Page 11: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

Best SAT Chemistry Prep. Books

• http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0738601152/104-5816138-9591125?v=glance&n=283155• http://btobsearch.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/isbninquiry.asp?z=y&btob=Y&pwb=1&ean=9780743279468

Page 12: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

US College Admissions (ACT Chemistry)

• ACT (American College Test)• America’s most widely accepted college

entrance exam. It assesses high school students’ general educational development and their ability to complete college-level work.

• The multiple-choice tests cover four skill areas: English, Math, Reading, and Science

Page 13: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

ACT (American College Test)

1. www.act.org ;

2. www.acteducationsolutions.com;

3. http://ce.sjtu.edu.cn/gac/intro/intro_default.htm

4.http://www.sdzx.net/8211serviceschool/SchoolWebPublish/SWP_Templet/T_CustomColumn5/Templet1/index.asp?id=51520

• Two million students take this test every year

• EPAS (Educational Planning and Assessment System)

• Student blog wwww.actstudent.org/testprep ;

Page 14: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

AP Chemistry

Page 15: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

AP Chemistry

Page 16: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

AP Chemistry Syllabus

• Course description in another file

Page 17: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

AP Chemistry

Page 18: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

AP Chemistry

Page 19: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

SAT Preparation—Online Resource

Page 20: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

ACS Chemistry Exams

• The American Chemical Society has developed many different exams for both high school and college level. You have to belong to ACS and be a professor to order the test bank of these questions. Check the website for ACS--Division of Chemical Education (www.chemistry.org, Education).

• For sample multiple-choice questions, refer to the Course Description.

Page 21: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

Singapore (新加坡) Education System

University

ITE GCE AL Exam

Junior Colleges

GCE OL Examination

Sec 5

GCE NL Exam

Normal Sec 1-4

Special/Express

Sec 1-4

Polytechnics

Secondary School Onwards

Page 22: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

Singapore SEAB

• Singapore Examinations and Assessment

Board, www.seab.gov.sg

• Formerly part of Singapore Ministry of Education• Provide examination services locally and

internationally• The Singapore-Cambridge General Certificate of

Education (Advanced level) (Higher 1, 2 and 3).

www.seab.gov.sg/SEAB/alevel/syllabus/private

Page 23: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

The Singapore-Cambridge GCE

• The Singapore-Cambridge General Certificate of Education (Advanced Level) Examination is conducted in Singapore annually.

• The Ministry of Education, Singapore & the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate are the joint examining authorities for the Singapore-Cambridge GCE A-Level examination. http://www.seab.gov.sg/SEAB/aLevel/intro.html

Page 24: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

The Singapore-Cambridge GCE: Syllabus

• H1 Chemistry Syllabus explanation (See another file)

Page 25: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

The Singapore GCE Chemistry I

Page 26: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

Japan Education System

www.jasso.go.jp/study_j/sgj_02_chi.html

Page 27: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

Japan: Ratio Going on to College

Ref: Nikkey Newspaper: 8/11/2005

  Continue to increase after WWII

  Shift from 2-Y to 4-Y College

4-Y College 44.2% 2-Y 7.3% ( both 2005)

  Shrinking 18 Years population

HS grads   1,203,000 (-32,000 y.t.y) HS grads and part-time workers: ~23,000

College grads and part-time worker: ~20,000 ( 2005 ) 

 ( Ref: MECSST   School White Paper 2005 )

Page 28: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

Japan: Chemistry College Entrance Exam

Ref: Nikkey Newspaper: 8/11/2005

• JASSO (Japan Student Services Organization) is an independent administrative Institution• Examination for Japanese University Admission for International Students (EJU) --Purpose: Test whether students from other countries have the basic scholastic ability in science considered necessary for studying at the undergraduate level at a Japanese university --Syllabus online, www.jasso.go.jp/eju/index.e.html

Page 29: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

EJU Syllabus for Examination of Chemistry

Ref: Nikkey Newspaper: 8/11/2005

• http://www.jasso.go.jp/eju/syllabus_chem04_e.html#purpose

*Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

l. Chemical nature of substances

ll. State of substance

lll. Chemical reaction

lV. Structure of matter

Page 30: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

EJU Syllabus

Ref: Nikkey Newspaper: 8/11/2005

• EJU Chemistry Syllabus explanatin

(See another file)

Page 31: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

Germany (德国) Education System

Page 32: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

Germany—College Admissions

• Need to ask colleagues at IPN about German education system and chemistry college entrance exam problems, test examples

Page 33: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

Suggestions

• Improve reading• Improve conceptual understanding• Make connection to real-life experience• Chemistry problem solving

Page 34: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

•1 、结构分布

•2 、题型分布

•3 、时间分布

•4 、题长分布

一、表层结构分析

Page 35: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

二、深层结构分析

• 1 、学习目标的促成 ( 1 )认知性学习目标 ( 2 )技能性学习目标 ( 3 )体验性学习目标

回忆型理解型应用型

Page 36: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

二、深层结构分析• 2 、问题解决能力的考查——实验部分 计算类问题解决 实验类问题解决 有机化学问题解决 化学平衡问题解决 开放性化学问题解决

Page 37: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

二、深层结构分析

• 3 、紧密联系生活实际的体现

Page 38: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

二、深层结构分析• 4 、各类化学知识的整合 无机化学 有机化学 生物化学 食品化学 药物化学 环境化学

Page 39: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

二、深层结构分析• 5 、“以人为本”意识的渗透 ( 1 )附录——减轻学生记忆负担 ( 2 )实验的真实性——提高学生的操作 ( 3 )温馨提示——氢氧化钠有腐蚀性

Page 40: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

三、与中国化学高考试题的主要对比分析对比项目 新加坡 中国完成时间 7 小时 45 分 2 小时

题型小填空题较少 小填空题较多选择题的提示性较高 选择题的提示性较低实验题能创设真实体验情景 主要是纸笔设计实验

题目长度 问答、实验题的子题目较多 问答、实验题的子题目较少附加信息 附录提供充分的数据资料 提供相对原子质量的数据

化学知识水平的考

A. 知识水平较高(相当于大学化学水平);B. 题目涉及生化、药物、食品等领域。

A. 知识水平相对较低;B. 主要是无机、有机化学的内容。

实验能力考查方式

真实性考查 虚拟实验

其他 考试时可使用计算器 考试时不可使用计算器

小插曲

Page 41: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

问题思考 新加坡 中国说明新加坡高考有些说法并不是权威

建议学生用温度计搅拌

不许用温度计搅拌

做滴定实验时装待测溶液的仪器

用塑料杯 用锥形瓶

非惰性电极铁不能作为电解盐水的阳极的解释

铁会与生成的氯气发生反应。

铁作为阳极时自身会失去电子从而导致无法产生氯气。

Page 42: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

四、对我国新课程高考的启示

• 1 、适当增加附录部分——给出一些数据,让学生能合理利用数据、寻找规律;

• 2 、提倡真实性评价——体现新课程精神,体现在科学探究上;

• 3 、适度增加主观题的比例——培养学生语言表达能力• 4 、充分利用表格,提高数据信息给予题的比例• 5 、考虑人文因素

Page 43: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

Any questions and/or comments?

Thank you!

Page 44: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

1 、结构分布

Paper 题型 题数 页数 分值Ⅰ 多选 40 18 40

Ⅱ 计算问答

5 10 60

Ⅲ 问答计算

15 16 80

Ⅳ 实验 4 15 75

附录:

正文:

( 1 )重要的物理量及其单位( Summary of key quantities and units )( 2 )化学数据手册( Data booklet for chemistry )

• A. 重要化学常数值• B. 键能数据(双原子分子、多原子分子)• C. 常见元素的电离能(包括四级电离)• D. 原子及对应离子的半径(包括第三周期、Ⅱ A 、Ⅳ A 、

Ⅶ A 以及第四周期中的过渡元素)• E. 标准电极电势和氧化还原电势(包括按元素字母顺序排列及按氧化能力强弱排列)

• F.元素周期表• G. 定性分析(阳离子、阴离子的反应、气体的检验)

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Page 45: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

2 、题型分布• 多选题( Multiple choice )• 问答题、计算题、推断题、信息题——

paperⅡ 、Ⅲ• 实验题——需要一边实际操作、一边记录

数据和实验现象、绘制实验图

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Page 46: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

多选题( Multiple choice )

• 特点: 1 、前 30 题为单选 2 、后 10 “ ”题为 组合 选择题——利于排除法

解题如 P241:待选项A至D所代表的意义见下表。

35.下列关于元素周期表中Ⅱ A 元素的说法中,正确的是: 1 均为还原剂 2 从上到下,离子半径增大 3 从上到下,元素的电负性降低

A B C D1、2、3都正确 只有1和2正确 只有2和3正确 只有1正确

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Page 47: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

问答题、计算题、推断题、信息题

• 特点: 1 、短填空题甚少

如 P249:分别说出阳极及阴极产物的一个广泛利用之处。 阳极:产物 用途 阴极:产物 用途

2 、出现了 either 、 or 的题型——存在选择性 如 p259-2603 either:(a)你是怎样理解“晶格能”的? (b)写方程式表示 :(i)晶格能; (ii) 生成 MgO 的焓变。 (c)…… or:(a)你是如何理解“键能”这个术语的? (b)(i)写出辛烷完全燃烧的方程式; (ii) 使用数据手册中提供的键能计算辛烷燃烧的焓变值。

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Page 48: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

3 、时间分布

( ) 1Ⅰ 小时

( ) 1Ⅱ 小时 30 分

( ) 2Ⅲ 小时 45 分

( ) 2Ⅳ 小时 30 分

总共花时7 小时 45 分

分开考

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Page 49: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

4 、题长分布• ( 1 )选择题读题时间不长• ( 2 )问答题、计算题、实验题的子题目较多

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Page 50: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

• 如 p261 : 4 (b)写出电子构型: (i) 铬原子 (ii) 铬离子

如 p229 : 1 大多数元素都包含不止一种元素,这些原子具有相同的化学性质但不同的质量。下列对一个元素的相对原子质量定义正确的是:

A. 一种元素的 1个原子的质量相对 1 个 12C 原子的质量B . 一种元素 1mol 原子的质量除以 6.02×1023

C. 一种元素 1mol 原子的质量相对 1 个 12C 原子的质量D. 一种元素 1mol 原子的质量相对 1mol12C 原子的质量

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Page 51: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

• 下图是一个不饱和分子离子质谱图的片断,是一个含 30个碳原子的长链 C-H 化合物,唯一的官能团是碳碳双键。这样的链有多少个?

A.3 B.4 C.6 D.12

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Page 52: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

• 地球上有 2/3 的面积被水覆盖,且水是生命之源,大约为0.005% 的水量是由 2个与一个氧原子组成的。对于这个氧化物 D2O通常称为重水,通常用于化学反应中,因为 的化学活性不如 。对于重水,我们可以用 KD 常数代替 KW同时也可用 pD代替 pH 。

(a) 定义如下简式: KD =

pD =

(b) 对于纯净的重水 pKD=14.869 ,计算下面化学定义式 (i) KD =

(ii) [D3O+] =

(iii) pD =

21D

11H

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Page 53: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

• 如 p255

(b) (i) 化合物 Y由下列元素构成:碳 40.0% ,氢 6.7% ,氧 53.3% ,计算 Y 的实验式。

(ii) 将 0.107g 物质 Y 的蒸汽置于一个密闭容器里,气体体积为 34.2cm3 ,在温度为 80℃ ,压强为 101kPa 的条件下计算 Y 的分子量。

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Page 54: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

• 将 y mol/L 的盐酸与 y mol/L 的硫酸等体积混合可得 FA5的水溶液。 FA6 为 2 mol/L 的氢氧化钠溶液。(注意安全:氢氧化钠溶液具有腐蚀性)当酸碱发生中和反应时,反应液的温度升高(直至反应终点),当滴加的碱液过量时,溶液的温度会开始降低。

(a) 将 FA6注入滴定管至液面在 0.00cm3处。将塑料杯置于250cm3 的烧杯中。用量筒量取 50.0cm3 的 FA5 ,转移到塑料杯中,并记录酸液的温度(见表 2.1 )。记录表 2.1中的所有温度值。将 3.00cm3 的 FA6 从滴定管放入塑料杯,用温度计搅拌溶液,并记录温度的最高值。

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Page 55: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

• 下面的反应流程是用来制备除草剂的。

(a) 说明步骤的反应条件和反应物 试剂 条件

OH

CH3 stageⅠ

OH

CH3

Cl

StageⅡ

NaOH(aq)

then ClCH2CO2H

OCH2CO2Na

CH3

Cl

stageⅢ

OCH2CO2H

CH3

Cl

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Page 56: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

• 如 p258:

(b) 尽管大部分氯酸盐是易溶于水的,但碘酸盐的

溶解性却大不如氯酸盐。如 Sr(IO3)2 的溶度积为

1.1×10-9 。

(i) 写出溶度积 Ksp 的表达式,并指定其单位;

(ii) 计算 Sr(IO3)2饱和溶液中 Sr2+ 的浓度。

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Page 57: Chemistry College Entrance Exams  in Several Countries

• 如 p250:

(a)虽然钒的电子数比钙多,但钒的原子半径却比钙小,解释其原因。

(b) 从金属键的类型和强度来看为什么钒的熔点比钙高?

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