CHROMIUM AND INSULIN SENSITIVITY

PANAGIOTIS ANDREAKOS MEDICAL SCHOOL , NATIONAL & KAPODISTRIAN UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS

INTRODUCTION: -CHROMIUM AS A CHEMICAL ELEMENT (AN , isotypes ,origins) chromium cytotoxicity (lung cancer etc) + required levels of chromium consumption ( new RDA) PHYSIOLOGY : INSULIN tissues-goals(liver, fat tissue ,muscles) as a growth factor( others GH,IGF-1,IGF-2…) origin(b-cells of endocrine pancreas etc) PATHOLOGY : diabetes a, b ,insulinoma CHROMIUM MODE OF ACTION ON INSULIN molecular mechanism, specific molecular pace therefore, chromium increases Insulin sensitivity

CHROMIUM RESULTS ON ON EXERSISE PERFORMANCE how can chromium enhance exercise results and in what way DIETARY PYRAMID PHYSICAL EXERSISE WITHOUT SUPPLEMENTS

SKELETON OF PRESENTATION

INTRODUCTION

• Chromium is a chemical element which is symbolized Cr ,its atomic number is 24 and it is the first chemical element of group 6

• Its name derives from the greek word chroma which means color(ΧΡΩΜΑ)

INTRODUCTION 2

• Trivalent chromium is important in trace amounts for sugar and lipid metabolism , however its complete extraction from the diet does not often lead in chromium deficiency .

• In larger amounts of trivalent chromium or in other forms , such as hexavalent chromium ,chromium can be toxic or even carcinogenic

• NEW RDA FOR CHROMIUM: “ The US dietary guidelines for adequate daily chromium intake were lowered in 2001 from 50–200 µg for an adult to 30–35 µg (adult male) and to 20–25 µg (adult female) “

INTRODUCTION 3

• . Exposure to hexavalent Cr compounds is strongly associated with increasing risk of lung cancer. Extensive research at DNA level indicated that generation of ROS from the reduction of Cr(VI) leading to DNA damage is the major cause of the toxicity and carcinogenicity of Cr(VI).

• Lei T, He QY, Cai Z, Zhou Y, Wang YL, Si LS, Cai Z, Chiu JF. Source : Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. (NCBI) The

abstract

WHAT ABOUT INSULIN???

• polypeptide hormone produced by endocrine part of pancreas (b-cells)

• central biological role : regulation of carbohydrate and fat metabolism

• main tissue- goals : fat ,muscle, liver • regulates DNA replication via control of amino acid cell

intake• growth factor : others : GH, IGF-1 ,IGF-2, estrogens,

androgens , prolactin etc

PATHOLOGY RELATED TO INSULIN• DECREASED EXCRETION

diabetes mellitus type 1

type 2

• INCREASED EXCRETION insulinoma

Autoimmune-mediated destruction of b-cells that leads to insulin deficiency or absence.

Metabolic disorder that leads either toinsulin insufficiency or to increased insulin resistance and therefore HYPERGLYCEMIA.

Tumor of b-cells derived from Islets of Langerhans which producesexcess amount of insulin and is not regulated as strictly as required by glucose blood level.

CHROMIUM MODE OF ACTION ON INSULIN PATHWAY

INSULIN PATHWAY

CHROMIUM MODE OF ACTION ON INSULIN PATHWAY 2

Chromium Activates Glucose Transporter 4 Trafficking and Enhances Insulin-Stimulated

Glucose Transport via a Cholesterol-Dependent Mechanism

Goal of chromium (III)

DIETARY PYRAMID

CHROMIUM IS INCLUDED IN FOOD DERIVED FROM ALL PYRAMID SCALES

CONCLUSION

• Chromium trivalent is essential for lipid and sugar metabolism and acts on insulin pathway. Through this mechanism, glucose cell intake and glycogen synthesis is elevated.

• Therefore , chromium III is very likely to enhance exercise performance and especially aerobic exercise.(elevated rate of glycogen stock)

PHYSICAL EXERSISE

WITHOUT

SUPPLEMENTS

BEWARE!!!!!!