chương 3a- các phương pháp Đánh giá mối nguy

7/23/2019 Chng 3a- Cc Phng Php nh Gi Mi Nguy

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HK 1 - 2012 H BK TPHCM TS Nguyn Qu 1

Chng 3

Cc phng php nh gi mi nguy

Antonquitrnh&nhmy

An ton qu i trnh & nh my

Cc phng php nh gi mi nguy

Chng 3 : Cc phng phpnh gi s nguy him

Safety Management Systems (SMS)

Fai lure Mode Evaluation & EffectsAnalysis (FMEA)

Structu red What-If (SWIFT) Ma trn ri ro - r isk mat ri x

HAZOP Hazard and Operabi l i ty stu dy

Fault Tree Analysis (FTA )


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Chng 3 : Cc phng phpnh gi s nguy him

M t h thng

Nhn din mi nguy

Nhn din s kin

Xc sut s kin Hu qu ca s kin

Xc nh ri ro

Chp nhn?Khng S dng phng php

an ton theo kinhnghim thit k li

nh gi ri ro lmt phn ca tonb qui trnh thit k,khi ng v vnhnh.

Nhn din mi nguy


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(Hng dn qui trnh nh gi mi nguy)

Nhn din mi nguy

Typical Uses ~

6

Quy trnh nhn din mi him nguy/nh gi ri ro

PHNG PHP NHN DIN HIMNGUY:

- checklist mi him nguy ca qutrnh

- Quan sat mi him nguy: DOWindex

- Bng nghin cu HAZOP

-Xem li s an ton

M t h thng

Nhn din mi him nguy

Vin cnh

Kh nngpht sinh

Hu qu

Xc nh ri ro

Him nguy & ri rochp nhn c

?

Sa i thit k

Chp nhn nh thng

YGii hn cui:

- Kh nng xy ra thp- Hu qu ti thiu

NH GI RI RO:

- Vic no c th sai & nh th no?- Kh nng xy ra ?- Hu qu ?

N


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7

Nhn din s him nguy

Ti sao? Phi nhn din cn x l hoc kim sotcac mi him nguy ny.

Nh th no? s dng nhng quy trnh ph hp.

8

Cc phng php nh gitng i

a ra mt ch s th hin nguy him tng i.

V d: Ch s chy n Dow (F&EI)

Ch s pht tn ha cht Dow (CEI)

Trng hp A > Trng hp B


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9

Ch schy n Dow

Tnh cht nh mt biu mu thu.

X pht i vi cc trng hp khng bo man ton

Cho ghi n li kim tra v sa cha

Ghi im - im cng ln th mc nguy himcng cao.

Ch nh gi vi cc cht d chy n

Khng nh gi c quy trnh.

10

Ch spht tn ha cht DowCEI)

Ch xem xt cc cht c hi.

d t mt nun n gin hoc mt m hnh phttn phc tp.

Khng p dng nh gi cho quy trnh c.

Theo tiu chun Dow : Nu tng F&EI v CEI >128, th cn phi c lm thm quy trnh xem xt chitit hn v mi him nguy.


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regulates and

inspects the

chemical industry

assesses

safety

reports

Safety

Case

HumanFactors

Human

factors SafetyManagement

System

A Safety

ManagementSystem

Control

Risk

Control

Organisational

factors

provides

guidance


Organisation

HumanFactors

SafetyManagement

System

Risk Control

UNDER CONTROL

LOSS OF CONTROL



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Safety Management System l g?

H thng qun l an tonl mt tp hp ca thchin cng vic, nim tin vth tc gim st nngcao s an ton v sckhe tt c cc kha cnh

ca t chc.

S dng nh th no?

Cc yu t biu hin thc t, khng ch l tiliu.

Qun l an ton c b nhim qun tr vh tr h thng.

Cc nhm an ton c thnh lp thc hincc ng ph gii quyt mi nguy him cxc nh.


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Cc yu t chnh

Xy dng h thng bo co s c v mi nguybn trong.

Kim tra thng xuyn, kim sot v nh gi xc nh mi nguy him.

Thnh lp c s d liu nh gi mi nguyhim v nh gi theo nguy c tim n .

a ra gii php khc phc nhng mi nguyhim v ri ro.

nh gi

Theo di v xem xt cc khuyn ngh anton. Mi nguy c gii quyt? Cmi nguy no mi c to ra?

Theo di v xem xt chng trnh an ton.N ci thin c s kinh doanh?a ra thm nhng vn mi? V ccn phi c tinh chnh?


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Ghi nhn mi nguy

Nhm hnh ng khi u Pht trin h s ghi nhn

Thng tin phn hi t nhm chuyn gia Xc nh mc u tin v K hoch Hnh

ng khc phc hu qu Tip tc pht trin h s ghi nhn

Mi nguy

Cc dng ca mi nguy

Thin nhin

K thut

Kinh t


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Mi nguy thin nhin

Cc s kin thi thit v khhu khc nghit:Bo, bo tuyt, hn hn, lc

xoy, ba t c sm st.

Cc iu kin thi tit btli:Bng, Ma bng, tuyt, gi, v

s hn ch tm nhn.

Mi nguy k thut

S thiu ht lin quan n:B phn ca my bayC s v thit b sn xut .C s, h thng v thit b

ca mt t chc.


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Mi nguy kinh t

Xu hng chnh lin

quan n:

S pht trin.

S suy thoi.

Chi ph vt liu hay thit b.

Etc.

Nhn din mi nguy

Suy xt:

H s thit k.

Qui trnh v thao tc.

Lin lc thng tin.

H s t chc

H s mi trng lm vic

Yu t qui nh

Phng chng

Nhn t


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Ngun xc nh mi nguy

Ni bBn ngoiGhi nh

Do ai?Th no?Khi no?

Trng hp c bit

Phn tch mi nguy

A Tnh hnh mi nguy chung

B Xc nh cc thnh phn c th ca

mi nguy him

C Cc hu qu c th c th c gy ra


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Lp h s ca cc mi nguy

Qun l ti liu ph hpcng quan trng nh: l mt th tc

chuyn d liu an tonhot ng thnh thng tinlin quan n mi nguyhim.

Nh vy t chc s cmt th vin d liuan ton.

Documentation of hazards

P.P ng ph

ASRMOR Bo co s cBo co tai nn

PP tin phong

ASRQuan stnh gi

PP ngn nga

FDAH thng quantrc

Phngphp

Nhn din Qun l D liu Thng tin

Thng tincho ngi

trch nhimv vic thchin chin

lc

Phn tchchiu

hngMinguy

Minguy

Phn hi

Pht trinchin lc

kim sot vkhc phc

Phn cngtrch nhim

Chin lcthc hin

Tp san anton

Phn phibo co

Seminars vnhm thc

hin

nh gihu qu v

n nh mcu tin ca

nguy c

Thng tin

qun l anton

nh gi lichin lcv qu trnh


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Tm lc

Mi nguy lc no cng c tim nng

gy hu qu.

Nhn din ngun gc ca mi nguy

Qun l mi nguy.

D liu mi nguy: Th vin d liu

an ton ca t chc.

FMEA

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis

Phn tch li trong sn xut v bin

php gii quyt


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Failure Mode and Effect Analysis

(FMEA)

Tp trung danh mc cc chi tit ca h thngnh thit b v cc b phn ca qu trnh kho st

ng dng rt ph hp cho cc d n ang ivo giai on thit k.

Ni ln c cc hin trng h hng, hu

qu, phng chng v ngh cc hnh nggii quyt tng ng.

FMEA

Quan st & ng vin FMEA l g?

nh ngha Cc loi hnh FMEA

p dng FMEA vo sn phm Qui trnh chung v tn sut xy ra n nh thng s ca FMEA Sp nhp vo h thng sn xut Qun l Th d


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FMEA l g?

Cng c kim sot s c trong cng nghip

1 cng c c h thng ha Nhn dng cc li c th c trong sn phm hoc qui trnh

nh gi cc li

nh ngha v n nh bin php u tin gim thiu cc li

B gy cc tc nhn lin h Ln theo qui trnh gy ra li

Lp h s lu tr

Cc tiu chun cng nghip

FMEA l phng php ph bin

Cc nghnh cng nghip c cc tiu chunring thm

V d SAE DIN

HACCP cho nghnh ch bin thc phm


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Cc loi hnh FMEA

C 2 chng loi cn bn FMEA cho thit k

FMEA cho qui trnh sn xut

Cc bc i FMEA


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V d

V d


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Hiu qu ca FMEA

Bng nh gi mu v hiu qu caFMEA


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What-if

K thut t duy, di dng ca cc cu hi What If,c s dng xc nh c cc kh nng c thvt ro v cc yu im ca thit k.

Cc phn tch mi him nguy What If c th cdng xc nh ra c rng h thng c hi cc yu cu ca SEMI S2 c th xc minh ra

khng mt im hng hc n l no hay l li vnhnh no c th gy ra ngay lin cc nguy him chonhn vin, nh my hay l cng ng hay l gy ratrc tip tn thng, t vong hoc thit hi thit b.

What-if

Nn thn trng: Phng php phn tch mi nguyhim What If t trn nn tng ca vn ng tduy. S chi li v chnh xc ca cc t duy ny cn tythuc vo thnh phn v kh nng ca cc thnh

vin ca nhm thc hin. Thm vo , s phn tchcc mi nguy him dng What If dng li mtim hng hc n l no v khng tip tc truycu tip ton b h thng.(c ngha l: Phng php ny khng nh gi hnglot h hng v tim nng gy hu qu ca n.)


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What if (th d)

What if Hu qu

Cht A khng chy vobn phn ng?

Cht cha phn ng Blm h sn Phm C

Thao tc:

Bo ng v kha vanB

What if

Nhit ca my vtqu gii hn?

My s b h.Cc b phn my s bnng chy.

Tt my v tng cngh thng lm mt.

Phn tch theo Checklist

c s dng phn tch tng bccaqu trnh.

vn cn ang tip tc pht trin thm chophn thi gian

C th s dng cho cc qu trnh phctp khc vi cc mi nguy him tng t.

vn cn ang tip tc pht trin thm nh'what-if'


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Th d vi checklist

Checklist tr li thao tc

Cht B c ckim tra c tkhng?

c Nh cung cp chtB ph hp.

Hm lng bitrong phng vtqu 3ppm ?

khng phng c th ca vo s dng sn xut


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RISK MATRIX

(Gi nh rng ri rokhng c qun l v

khc phc)

Tc ng cao

Xc sut caoXc sut thp

Tc ng thp S u tin khngph hp vi nhu

cu ca b phn tichnh

Thay i kinh doanhtrong khi lm d n

Gi la chn khngh tr c qu

trnh thit k

Thiu cam kt /khng ti

nguyn

Vn ha / a l/ V

tr khng ph hp

Chng i s thayi

Khng s u

Gii php mikhng h tr cnhu cu kinh doanh

Khng nhtqun v r rng

Phn b s u tinkhng ph hp

Tin li gim dothiu phi hp

trong d n

Li nhun khngthu c ng d

kin

c xem l d nch tham gia tichnh - s tham

gia thp

Nhn vin ra i sm

Risk Matrix

Xc sut ri ro, tcng v s im cho

Biu thi gian hinti


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Mi nguy c nh gi, xp hng theo sc v hu qu v cho vo RISK MATRIX

Thng tin v hu qu c tho luncho nn khi a vo Ma trn th rt c hiuqu

Thng thng cc c s u c Ma trn riro nh gi cc ri ro khc

Risk Matrix

Kt qu c th c biu hin

- Dng ct

- trong biu risk matrix

Cc qu trnh ny c th minh ha thy s phn

b cc ri ro ln, gip nh gi ri ro v trnhby s tng xng

Phi chm lo bo m cc hng mc c sdng trc sau nh mt v khng c mt btthng no

Risk Matrix


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E Rare occurrence,

(1 x 10-5per year)

D Not likely to occur,

(1 x 10-4per year)

C Possibility of occurring

sometimes, (1 x 10-3per

year)

B Possibility of isolated

incidents, (1 x 10-2

per year)

A Possibility o f repeated

events, (1 x 10-1per year)Li

kelihood

Financial Loss

Exposures

Environmental

Values

Health and

Safety

Values

Significant

Risk

Significant

RiskModerate RiskLow RiskLow Risk

High RiskSignificant

RiskModerate RiskLow RiskLow Risk

High RiskHigh RiskSignificant RiskModerate

RiskLow Risk

High RiskHigh RiskSignificant RiskSignificant

Risk

Moderate Risk

High RiskHigh RiskHigh RiskSignificant

Risk

Significant

Risk

Loss of above

$10,000,000

Loss from

$1,000,000 to

$10,000,000

Loss from $50,000 to

$1,000,000

Loss $5,000 to

$50,000

Loss below $5,000

Major impact

event

Medium impact

outside the facility

boundary

Medium impact.

Release within facility

boundary

No or low

impact

No impact

Significant

number of

fatalities

One or more

fatalities

One or more

significant Lost Time

Injuries (LTI)

One or more

Lost Time

Injuries (LTI)

A near miss, First Aid

Injury (FAI) or one or

more Medical

Treatment Injuries

(MTI)

54321

CatastrophicMajorModerateMinorInsignificantHu qu

Th d

Risk Matrix

Li ch

Nu s dng ng th risk matrix s :

Xc nh cc kt qu s kin cn c u tin hoc nhm li iutra thm

Cung cp mt ha miu t tt ri ro ca c s

Tr gip xc nh cc khu vc gim ri ro

Cung cp mt phn tch ri ro nhanh chng v tng i r tin

C th a ra tnh nng phn tch chi tit hn tp trung vo ccvng c nguy c cao .

Risk Matrix


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55

Bt li

Quy m l lun lun l mt gii hn v gim tn s - nkhng cung cp mt bng xp hng chnh xc

Cc vn gp li (tch ly) s c nh gi rt kh hin th mt cch minh bch

C th c mt xu hng mnh c gng th v cung cp

mt mc cao hn chnh xc hn nhng g c kh nng

Risk Matrix

Hazard and Operability Studies (HazOp)


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HAZOP - Hazard and operability

Nhn din mi nguy

Hu qu & nh tnh ri ro

ngh khcphc HAZOP

Nguyn nhn

58

Ti nghrng ,ti lm kho st

vi qui trnh HAZOP !


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59

nh gi kh nng thc hin

v mi him nguy HAZOP) C th cho thy c cc mi him nguy lin quann cc thit b v qu trnh.

Mt khi lng cng vic ln.

Cung cp mt c cu kim sot c th cho nhnthy c nhng chuyn sai tri .

c th cho mi cng ty ring bit.

Nng cao kh nng sn xut, cht lng vv.

60

Cc ngi ch o kho st HAZOPphi l chuyn gia v qui trnh HAZOP .

Qun l qui trnhHAZOP


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61

Ai l ngi ch o?

Qun l qui trnhHAZOP

62

HAZOP rtmt thgi, v lmmtmi.

.. Hy cgigii laothng xuyn

V:tb th vui ,nhl dnginthoidi ng !

Qun l qui trnhHAZOP


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63

Bn chu trchnhim cho i an

ton.

Qun l qui trnhHAZOP

64

Quy trnh HAZOP - 1

1. Chia s khi, dng ra thnh nhiu khu vc, nhl bn phn ng, bn cha v..v...

2. Chn cht ( nt) nh gi, v.d. ng dn, bn,my bm, ch dn vn hnh.

3. M t mc tiu thit k.

4. Chn thng s qu trnh.

5. Lp ti liu hng dn.

6. Xc nh nguyn nhn.


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65

Quy trnh HAZOP

7. nh gi hu qu / vn .

8. ngh hnh ng:Vic g? ai? Khi no?

9. Thng tin bo co.

10. Lp li bc 5 n 9 cho ti liu hng dn mi.

11. Lp li bc 4 n10 cho thng s qu trnh mi.12. Lp li bc 2 n 11 cho cht nh gi mi.

13. Lp li bc 1 n 12 cho s khi /dng mi.

66

Tm lc v HAZOP

C li: p ng c yu cu ca quy nh

Nh my hot ng tt hn

Thi gian ngng hot ng gim

ci thin cht lng sn phm

Nhn vin lm vic thoi mi hn

Bt li: Tn cng, sc v thi gian

Qun l thng tin phc tp hn


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Qui trnh HazOp

Cc cu hi HazOp km theo vi thng sca qu trnh xc nh:

sai lch ca d kin thit k / vn hnh

Nguyn nhn ca s sai lch

Hu qu ca s sai lch

Bphn an ton ngn nga nguyn nhn v khcphc hu qu ca s sai lch

hnh ng (c ngh) thay i cho vic thit k hayvn hnh loi b s sai lch

Kho st HazOp khng cung cp ni dung ca sxc sut hay gn ng ca ssai lch.

Mc chl nhn

din

Application of this

requires discipline.

Cu hi ( t s dng) ca HazOp

No or Not S ph nh ca mc chex. No flow to reactor

Less Gim lng ca mc chex. Less flow to the reactor

More Tng lng ca mc chex. More flow to the reactor

Part of Gim theo nh tnh ca mc ch

ex. Part of the reactants to the reactorAs well as Tng theo nh tnh ca mc chex. Cooling water in the reactor

Reverse i hng ca mc chex. Reverse flow into the reactor

Other than Thay th hon tonex. Another material besides reactants in the

reactor


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Thng s tiu biu HazOp

Dng chy Tn s

p sut nht

Nhit in p

Mc nc Thng tin

Thi gian Khuy trn

Thnh phn B xung

pH Phn loi

Tc Phn ng

70

Deviation Column Tank/Vessel L ine

Heat

Exchanger Pump

High Flow X

Low/no Flow X

High Level X X

Low Level X X

High Pressure X X X

Low Pressure X X X

High Temp. X X X

Low Temp. X X X

High Concen. X X X

Low Concen. X X X

Reverse Flow X

Tube Leak X

Tube Rupture X

Leak X X X X X

Rupture X X X X X

Ssailch


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S chun b HazOp

Team xemxt li

HazOp

Quan im HpLnh oChun b

Kin thc/Kinh nghim

Kinh nghimca teamHazOp

H s/ ti liu Tip theo

Thng tin kho st

Bng

Sai lch Nguyn nhn Hu quB phnan ton

Hnh ng

Thd

H thng phn ng di y ta nhit. Mt h thng lm mt loi b cc nng lngd tha ca phn ng. Trong trng hp chc nng lm mt b mt, nhit ca lphn ng s tng.iu ny s dn n s tng tc phn ng, trc tin gii phng nng lng bsung. Kt qu c th l mt phn ng dy chuyn to p lc vt qu ng sut cho phpca l phn ng.


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Intent: Cooling Flow in Coils Guide: No Process Parameter: Cooling

Deviation( sai lch)

Causes(nguyn nhn)

Consequences(hu qu)

Safeguards(bo v)

Actions(hnh ng)

h thng lmlnh khnghot ng

b nghn nhit tng khng bo ngnhit

ngng btc

b chy

ngng b

b

ng son gia

nhi b b dotc nghn

Van xan ton

Van lnh bh

Bo ngnc lnhchy yu

Thd

Intent: Cooling Flow in Coils Guide: No Process Parameter: Cooling

Deviation Causes Consequences Safeguards Actions

H thngkim sot bh

Kho st tcng qua lica nc lnh

Ngng mykhn cp

H thng nclnh h

H thng nclnh d phng

H thng khnn b h

Van kh

Thd


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Checklists

Checklists v mi nguy qu trnh Danh mc cc vic cn phi suy xt li. Danh mc ny bao gm cc hn mc c vn v tht bi Cc hn mc c th c hoc khng p dng ty theo trng hp Danh mc tc ng nh ghi nh v kch thch suy ngh. Danh mc c th s dng cho:

Thit kphng nVn hnh h thng PilotThit kchi tit

Xy dngKhi ngVn hnh thng lSa i / Mrng

Ngng hot ng

How will use Checklists

during your design evolution?

Checklists

Danh schnhcnhngixem hociu hnhkim tra cc khu vctimnvn

Cnphi in bn checklist. checklist chphthuy hiu qu khi ngixemxthoc ngi vn hnh tr li.

Kho st thmKhng p dngHon tt

Tt c cc kim sot an ton hng?

Cn c mt hnh ng!


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Tng th chung

1. H thng thot nc cho cc khu vc tt?2. C cha li i gia?3. C cn tng ngn la, v lan can bo v c bit?4. C s cn tr nguy him no di t?5. C hn ch nguy him no v chiu cao?6. Li thot him khn cp?7. Khong trng pha trn c ?8. Li thot n xe cp cu?9. C khng gian an ton lu tr nguyn vt liu v thnh phm?

10. C b lm vic ph hp v an ton cho vic bo tr?11. Ti v thang my c c thit k an ton?12. Khong khng trn cc dy in cao th?13.

Checklists tiu biu


Cng trnh kin trc

1. Thang, cu thang v ng thot him c ph hp?2. Ca bo v la c cn khng?3. C nh du vt cn tm cao ngang u khng?4. H thng thng gi c ph hp?5. C cn cu thang hay thang ln mi nh khng?6. C cn gng an ton ch c bit no khng?7. C cn cu trc thp chu la khng?8.

9.

10.


Checklists tiu biu


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Kho st thmKhng p dngHon ttQu trnh

1. xt n vic s c nh hng sang phn vic bn cnh?2. C cn bao che khi v bi khng?3. Cc vt liu khng n nh ct gi an ton?4. Phng th nghim qu trnh cli thot khi b n khng?5. Phng tin bo v n?6. C phn ng nguy him no do li hay l b nhim c?7. Cc qu trnh ha hc c c hiu v xem li hon ton cha?8. Phng tin loi b nhanh cht phn ng trong trng hp khn cp?9. Thit b c kh c th b h khi c mi nguy?

10. Mi nguy no khi ng ng b tc nghn tng phn hay ton b?11. Mi nguy no khi thit b b dng tng phn hay ton b?12. Trch nhim v ri ro t khi, bi , ting n v bi nc ra ni cng cng?13. Phng tin lu gi cht c?14. MSDS cho cc ha cht?15. Mi nguy khi hai hoc nhiu b phn b h ng thi?

Checklists tiu biu


Qu trnh

16. Mi nguy no trong cc cht an dnh nhau?

17. H s an ton c thay i khi xem xt li thit k?18. Hu qu no cho s c xu nht c xem lai?19. Hu qu ca tng hp cc s c c xem li?20. Biu qu trnh c sa v cp nht?21.

22.

Checklists tiu biu


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H thng ng ng

1. Vi sen an ton v bn ra mt c cn thit?2. h thng ti nc c cn thit?3. Phng tin gin n nhit?4. Tt c ng trn chy v khu vc an ton?5. Hng thng gi c an ton?6. Tiu chun h thng ng c c chp hnh?7. C cn ng ra ?8. C cn van kim tra ?9. C suy xt v s bo v v nhn din ng ng d v?

10. C th c s h hng bn ngoi ng ng do ha cht?11. Li n van khn cp c b chng ngi vt cn tr?12. Cc ng ng thot kh di v rng c c chng ?13. ng ng hi nc ngng t c c thit k an ton?14. ng ng van an ton c c thit k chng bt kn?15. ng ng thot ca p sut an ton c nm trn ming ht hoc thi cacc m bm ca u trnh?

Checklists tiu biu

H thng ng ng

16. Dng ng nc thy cc khng ni vo h thng ng ca qu trnh?17. H thng cung cp cht lng d chy cho phn xng sn xut c xa an ton?

18. C h thng bo n bo v nhn vin?19. ng ng hi nc c c bo n?20.

21.

Kho st thKhng p dngHon tt

Checklists tiu biu


42/57

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4

Kho st thKhng p dngHon tt

Thit b

1. Thit k c ng cho p sut cao nht?2. n mn cho php?3. Thit b nguy him c c cch ly?4. Bo v dy curoa, puli, bnh rng v hp s?5. Biu thi gian ca s kim tra tht b bo v?6. bao cc bn cha?7. Lan can bo v bn cha?8. Vt liu xy dng ph hp cho qu trnh ha hc?9. Kim tra cu trc cc thit b ci to hay thay th?

10. Kim tra p sut cc thit b ci to hoc thay th?11. ng ng c lp h tr n bm x an ton?12. ng ng c lp h tr n cc thit b an ton khc?13. Bi trn t ng cho cc thit b trng yu?14. Thit b d phng khn cp?15.

Checklists tiu biu


Thot kh

1. Van an ton hay l a an ton c cn khng?2. S chng n mn ca vt liu xy dng?3. H thng thot kh c c thit k ph hp? (kch c, hng, dng)4. Thit b chn la c cn thit trong ng thot kh?5. Van an ton c bo v khi b tc nghn bi a an ton?6. ng h p sut c lp gia van an ton v a an ton?7.

8.

Checkliststiu biu


43/57

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4

Kho st thmKhng p dng

Hon ttCng c v in

1. Tt c kim tra an ton b h?2. C cn biu hin cp i cc bin s ca qu trnh?3. Tt c thit b c ghi nhn r rng?4. H thng ng c bo v?5. Khi cc cng c kim tra b h, thit b an ton no kim sot qu trnh?6. qu trnh an ton b nh hng khi tn hiu phn hi b ?7. Cc cng tc khi ng / ngng c c ghi nhn?8. Thit b c c thit k cho php bo v lock-out ?

9. Mt in c gy ra mt tnh trng an ton?10. nh sng bn trong / bn ngoi khu vc vn hnh?11. Ch knh soi, vi sen v bn ra mt c nh sng khng?12. Cu dao c kh nng bo v dng in?13. Tt c thit b c gn giy tip t?14. C cn kha lin ng c bit cho vic vn hnh an ton?15. C cn in d phng chiu sng thit b?

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Hon ttCng c v in

16. C cn nh sng cho vic thot him khn cp khi b mt in?17. C thit b lin lc cn thit khng?18. Cng tc ngt bo ng c c ghi nhn r rng?

19. Cc b phn ccos nh in c bit chu c n?20.

21.

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44/57

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4

Thit b an ton

1. C cn bnh cha la?2. Thit b ph tr h hp c bit?3. Vt liu lm ?4. ng ch nh mu?5. Thit b pht hin hi d chy ?6. Bnh cha chy c ph hp vi cht liu ca qu trnh?7. Qui trnh c bit cho vic khn cp v bo ng?

8.9.


Hon tt

Checklists tiu biu

Nguyn liu

1. C vt liu hoc sn phm cn thit b x l c bit?2. iu kin thi tit c nh hng n nguyn liu hoc sn phm no?3. C sn phm no l mi nguy v c hi hay d chy?

4. Thng cha c ph hp?5. Thng cha c ghi nhn r rng v c hi, d chy, . etc.?6. C suy tnh n chuyn chy trn ngoi mun?7. Cn hng dn c bit no cho thng cha?8. Cn hng dn c bit no cho nh phn phi v bn cha v nh kho?9. Nh kho c hng dn no cho cc sn phm?

10.

Kho st thKhng p dng

Hon tt

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45/57

18-Aug-

4

89

Biumu HAZOP

90

FIC FIC

Thd : Qu trnh DAP


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91

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) l phn ng ca ammonia v phosphoric acid.DAP khng nguy him.Ammonia l ha cht nguy him.phn ng sinh nhit.

FIC FIC

92

Deviation Cause Consequence Safeguard Recommendation

No Flow 1. No feed material in

storage tank.

1-1. Unreacted

Ammonia

in storage tank that

release to enclosed

work area.

1-2. Loss of DAP

production.

1-1-1. Ammonia

detector and

Alarm.

Consider using a

closed tank for DAP

storage or

ventilation.

2. FIC fails high. 2-1. Same as1-1,1-2. Consider adding an

alarm/shutdown of

the system for low

flow to the reactor.

3. Leak or rupture of

the line.

3-1. Same as1-1,1-2.

4. Control valve B fail

closed.

5. Operator sets the

flow controller

too low.

4-1. Same as1-1,1-2.

5-1. Same as1-1,1-2.

4-1-1. Periodic

maintenance of

valve B.

Ensure that periodic

maintenance and

inspection for

valve B are adequate.

6. Plugging of the line. 6-1. Same as1-1,1-2.

ngng dn Phosphoric Acid vo bn phn ng DAP


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93


High Level 7. Unloading ammonia

from the unloading

station without

adequate space in the

ammonia storage

Tank.

7-1. Potential release

of ammonia to the

Atmosphere.

7-1-1. Level

indicator on the

storage tank.

7-1-2. Ammonia

storage tank

relief valve to the

atmosphere.

Review ammonia

unloading

procedures to ensure

adequate space in

the storage tank

before unloading.

8. Ammonia storage tank

level indicator fails low.

8-1. Same as7-1. Consider sending

the relief valve

discharge to a

scrubber.

Consider adding

independent high

level alarm for the

ammonia storagetank.

Bn cha dung dch Ammonia

94


High Flow 9. Ammonia feed linecontrol valve A fails

open.

9-1. Unreacted

ammonia carry over

to the DAP storage

tank and release to

the work area.

9-1-1. Periodic

maintenance of

valve A.

Consider adding an

alarm/shutdown of

the system for high

Ammonia flow to the

reactor.

10. Flow indicator fails

low.

10-1. Same as9-1. 10-1-1.Ammonia

detector and

Alarm.

11. Operator sets

ammonia flow rate toohigh.

11-1. Same as9-1. Ensure periodic

maintenance andinspection for

valve A is adequate.

Ensure adequate

ventilation exist for

enclosed work area

and/or consider

using an enclosed

DAP storage tank.

Other than

(Leak)

12.Corrosion 12-1. Small

continuous leak of

ammonia to the

enclosed work area.

12-1-1. Periodic

maintenance of

line.

Ensure adequate


enclosed work area.

ngng dn Ammonia vo bn phn ng DAP


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95

ngng dn Ammonia vo bn phn ng DAP


13. Erosion. 13-1. Same as12-1. 13-1-1. Same

as 12-1-1.

14. External impact. 14-1. Same as12-1. 14-1-1. Periodic

inspection tours

by operator in

the DAP process

area.

15. Maintenance errors. 15-1. Same as12-1.

96


Low

Concentration

of Phosphoric

Acid

16. Low Phosphoric Acid

concentration supplied

by the vendor.

16-1. Unreacted

ammonia in the

reactor carried over

to the DAP storage

tank and release to

the work area.

16-1-1.Ammonia

detector and

Alarm.

Ensure existence of

adequate material

handling and

receiving procedures

and labeling.

17. Error in charging

Phosphoric Acid to the

supply tank

17-1. Same as16-1. Consider verifying

the Phosphoric Acid

concentration in thestorage tank before

operation.

Ensure adequate


enclosed work area

and/or consider

using an enclosed

DAP storage tank.

Bn cha Phosphoric Acid


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97


(Other Than)

Loss of

agitation

18. Agitator motor fails. 18-1. Unreacted

ammonia in the

reactor carried

over to the DAP

storage tank and

release to the work

area.

18-1-1. Ammonia

detector and

Alarm.

Consider adding an

alarm/shutdown of

the system for loss of

agitation in the

reactor.

Ensure adequate


enclosed work area

and/or consider

using an enclosed

DAP storage tank.

19. Agitator Mechanical

linkage fails.

19-1. Same as18-1. 19-1-1. Same

as18-1-1.

20. Operator fails to

activate the agitator.

19-1. Same as18-1. 19-1-1. Same

as18-1-1.

Bn phn ng DAP

98


Reverse/misdi

rected flow

21. No credible causes. No significant

effects.

ngng dn sn phm DAP t bn phn ng n bn cha DAP .


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99


High Level 22. Excess flow from thereactor.

22-1. Operability

problems caused by

overfilling the DAP

storage tank to the

enclosed area(DAP

dose not pose an

acute hazard to

personnel)

22-1-1. Operator

observation of

the DAP storage

tank level.

.Consider adding a

High level alarm for

The DAP storage

Tank.

23. No Flow to the

loading station.(Plugging

of the line.)

Consider providing

a dike around the

storage tank.

Bn cha DAP .

Fault Tree Analysis


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5

101

Fault Tree Analysis

S dng k thut ha

Cung cp mt m t c h thng cc kt hp nhng s cc th xy ra trong mt h thng m c th dn n mtkt qu khng mong mun bit trc ( s kin hng u)

Phng php ny kt hp cc li phn cng v ca conngi

S dng biu tng cng logic xc nh phng thctng tc

102

Fault Tree Analysis

AND OR

Van an ton khng

m

p sutqu trnh

tng

Kim sotb h

Van an

ton nhqu

Mc chnhqu cao

Van an ton bkt

Cn bn uvo hoc u

ra

p sut tng

Bn phn ngca qu trnh

c p sutcao hn mc

cho php

AND


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103

Fault Tree Analysis

Thun li nh lng - xc nh xc sut mi s kin c th c s dng

tnh ton xc sut ca s kin hng u

D c v hiu c s lc mi nguy

D dng m rng s vi b sung mi vo Fault Tree Analysis

Bt li Cn xc nh s kin hng u u tin

Kh khn a vo h s hn so vi cc k thut khc

Fault trees analysis c th tr nn kh phc tp Thi gian tip cn

Cn c d liu nh lng thc hin ng

Cc h thng nh

mc qun l anton


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18-Aug-

5

International Safety Rating Systems (ISRS)

5 Star Audit - British Safety Council, UK

ISRS

Do DNV pht trin nm 1978 Det Norske

Veritas (U.S.A.)

20 Thnh phn

126 thnh phn ph

650 yu cu

10 Cp
http://openlibrary.org/search?publisher_facet=Det%20Norske%20Veritas%20(U.S.A.)http://openlibrary.org/search?publisher_facet=Det%20Norske%20Veritas%20(U.S.A.)http://openlibrary.org/search?publisher_facet=Det%20Norske%20Veritas%20(U.S.A.)http://openlibrary.org/search?publisher_facet=Det%20Norske%20Veritas%20(U.S.A.)http://openlibrary.org/search?publisher_facet=Det%20Norske%20Veritas%20(U.S.A.)


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cc thnh phn ca ISRS

Lnh o v qun tr

o to lnh o

K hoch kim tra v bo dng

Quy trnh phn tch cc cng on quan trng

iu tra s c/tai nn

Theo di cng on

S chun b cho tnh trng khn cp Quy nh v giy php lm vic

Phn tch s c / tai nn

Kin thc v o to k nng

cc thnh phn ca ISRS

Trang b bo h lao ng

Sc khe v kim tra v sinh cng nghip

nh gi h thng

K thut v qun l thay i

Thng tin lin lc c nhn Thng tin lin lc c nhn nhm

Xc tin chung

Thu nhn v sp t cng vic

Qun l vt t v dch v

An ton ngoi ch lm


55/57

18-Aug-

5

nh gi 5 - Sao

Qun l ti sn v s tc hnh ca nhn

vin

nh gi hiu sut an ton

ngh cc kha hc hnh ng tnh hung

Khuyn khch pht trin lin tc

Mc tiu

Thm tra chi tit c s

Nhn dng cc khu vc c tim nng

gy ra ri ro v thit hi Cc kha hc gi tp tnh hung ngn nga tai nn v thng vong


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18-Aug-

5

Thnh phn chnh (5) Thnh phn ph (82)

T chc an ton - 26

H thng qun l v kim tra - 26

H thng PCCC - 12

H thng o lng v iu khin - 6

S thc thi ti hin trng - 12

nhgi 5 - Sao

82 thnh phn ca 5 vng chnh

MAX. MARKS

T chc an ton 1510

H thng qun l v kim tra 1315

H thng PCCC 830

H thng o lng v iu khin 475

S thc thi ti hin trng470

Tng cng 4600


57/57

18-Aug-

H thng nh gi v xp hng 5 -sao

92% - 100% Xut sc

85% - 91.9% rt tt

75% - 84.9% Tt

60% - 74.9% Trung bnh

50% - 59.9% Di trung bnh

Ri ro rt thp

ri ro thp

Ri ro c th chp nhn

Ri ro khng th chp nhn

Phi c bin phpsa cha

Cc phng php nh git

ng

i

a ra mt ch s th hin nguy him tng i.

V d: Ch s chy n Dow (F&EI)

Ch s pht tn ha cht Dow (CEI)

chương 3a- các phương pháp Đánh giá mối nguy

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