chuong 5 - hop tac trong kinh doanh

HP TC TRONG KINH DOANH(L THUYT TR CHI)

CHNG 5

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Cc k hoch ca chng ta tht bi vchng khng c mc ch. Khi conngi khng bit ti bn no, chngc lung gi no thun bum.

SENECA

T DUY CHIN LC

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CHNG 5. HP TC TRONG KINH DOANH

5.1 Lm sao t n s hp tcHp tc da trn quan h lu di

5.2 Nhng iu kin c bn c s hp tcTh trng linh kin cng ngh thng tin ti Vit nam Cnh tranh phi gi c gia cc cng ty hng khng M

5.3 S trng pht c cnh bo trcG khng Eddie V n Dupont

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5.1 Lm sao t n s hp tc

Mu thun gia vic lm ci bnh chung to ln vi vic ly c phn ln hn t ci bnh.

HP TC CNH TRANH

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Ch quan tm n li ch ca mnh kt cc ticho tt c

HP TC em li li ch ln hn cho cc bn Lm sao iu c th tr thnh hin thc?

Mt trong nhng cch l da vo nhng thathun hp ng vi s trng pht nghim ngtca php lut i vi nhng hnh ng bi c.

Vn cn nhiu mt hn ch? V sao?

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Vn cn nhiu mt hn ch: (1) Khng phi bt c tha thun no cng c

ng h bi php lut. Vic lp cartel phi hp gic quyn cng b cm nhiu nc v iu lm hi n li ch ca ngi tiu dng. Hp tc phi c hiu mt cch thn trng.

(2) Gii hn v thng tin hn ch kh nng dngtha thun hp ng cng ch s hp tc.

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Mt cch thc khc t n s hp tc l datrn quan h lp i lp li.

Cuc chi by gi c lch s v tng lai.

Nhng ngi chi c th la chn hnh ng tythuc vo ci iu m i tc ca h lmtrong qu kh. H c th trng pht hoc khenthng hnh vi trong qu kh ca i tc.

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Nu cuc chi ch din ra c mt ln ktcc ti.

Cuc chi lp i lp li Mt bn ph thathun Hai bn s mt tn nhim nhau Cn bng ngn hn

V d v lp cartel du m gia Iran v Iraq.

HA GII NGHCH CNH NGI T TDCL (Trang 121-154)

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KHI NIM: Tr chi s c ti hin nhiu ln (T) trong

tng lai. T c th l hu hn hoc v hn (khngbit c khi no kt thc)

Tr chi lp li i khi cn gi l Siu tr chi dng c bit ca tr chi tun t.

5.1 Lm sao t n s hp tcTr chi lp li (Repeated Games)

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Do s lp li, nn ngi chi c gng hp tc( c tng li ch ln nht) hn l bt hp tc, vnu mt ngi bt hp tc dn n ln sau ngicn li s khng tin tng v khng hp tc, cuicng c hai u c thu hoch thp trong di hn.

S la chn chin lc ca u th A trong lnchi k s ph thuc vo chin lc la chn cau th B ln ny. Trong di hn bi ton nan giica ngi t, li gii s l (hp tc, hp tc).


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i ca Bu

Chn Chn Xanh

i

c

a

B

Chn -5, -5 10, -10

Chn Xanh-10, 10 5, 5

5.1 Lm sao t n s hp tcTr chi lp li 5 ln (2 i, 1 i 3 ngi)

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Suy lun ngc khi T hu hn: Khi cc u th bit T l ln chi cui cng, h xem ln chi th

T nh tr chi mt ln kt thc (one-shot-games). H chn chinlc li ch nht cho ring h ln ny v suy lun tm chinlc ngc li cho ln chi k trc (T-1) v tng t cho nln chi u tin (T=1)

Trong dng bi ton nan gii ca ngi t, li gii s l (bt hptc, bt hp tc)

V d:


A

11

s

c B

03

s

c A

22

s

c A

999999

s

c B

9981001

s

c 10001000

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1

10

DA 2

02

1

31

24

43

12

DA

DA

DA

DA 3

5

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A

11

s

c B

03

s

c A

22

s

c A

999999

s

c B

9981001

s

c 10001000

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Khi T l v hn: Khi tr chi c lp n v hn, gi tr hin

ti ca thu hoch s c tnh n (Gi tr hinti c dng mt tng nhng s hng ca mtcp s nhn)

Lp li n v hn mt tr chi thng kotheo s xut hin ca nhng li gii mi vhon ton khc vi trng hp tr chi huhn.


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Khi T l v hn: V d:


(5 ; 5) (0 ; 6) (6; 0) (3 ; 3) Khng HT

Hp tc

Hp tc Khng hp tc

A

B

CU HI(1) Tm NE(2)Vi sut chit

khu bao nhiu thA v B s hp tctrong di hn?

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Khi T l v hn: V d:


(3 ; 5) (0 ; 16) (8; 2) (2 ; 4) Khng HT

Hp tc

Hp tc Khng hp tc

A

B

CU HI(1) Tm NE(2)Vi sut chit

khu bao nhiu thA v B s hp tctrong di hn?

18

5.1 Lm sao t n s hp tcThi gian l tin bc

ng tin ngy hm nay c gi tr hn rtnhiu so vi ng tin nhn c vo ngymai.

Nu cc bn ch ngh ti ci t c ngayby gi, v chng quan tm g ti ngy mai;th s trng pht trong tng lai s chng c ngha g lm Hp tc c th khng tc.

19


V d 1: Lm pht phi m xy ra VN vo nhng nm86-88, t 300%-800% do mc gi thay i qu nhanhchng trong khong thi k mt nm, ngi gi tin chdng giao dch hng ngy

V d 2: Cn siu lm pht tiu biu nht l ti c nm1923, v cng khng khip: ngi ta cn dng tin t l si, hay mt xe tin ch c th mua c mt lcgiy v sinh, ng tin lin tc mt gi tr...

V d 3: T7/2008, Zimbabwe pht hnh ng 100 tla. Lm pht ca nc ny ln ti 2.200.000%

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(46 ; 42) (26 ; 44) (52 ; 22) (32 ; 24) 4 Tr. thng

2 Tr. thng

2 Tr. thng 4 Tr. thng

IRAN

IRAQ

Iran ph tho thun,Iraq vn chi tht lng

Ch cn mt mi lo s nh l s tin cy ln nhau c thb sp cng l duy tr s hp tc.

Nim tin ny c hp l khng?

Kt cc?

5.1 Lm sao t n s hp tcCartel du m gia Iran v Iraq

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SUT CHIT KHU (Discount rate)1$ (1+r) vi r l li sut.? 1$

r+= 11

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Hin ti0 1 2 3 4 5

HP TC 46 46 46 46 46 46 BI C 52 32 32 32 32 32

6 14 14 14 14 14

Li ch trc mt

6 =< D/(1-D)*14

D >= 3/10 r = (1-D)/D0.30 2.33 (li sut/ngy)

Mt mt di hn

IRAN - IRAQTng lai -->

Tnh NPV

Long-term LossShort-term

Gain

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c s hp tc, li ch trongtng lai khng th b tr honqu lu; hoc li sut thtrng khng th qu cao.

T tng chp dt, bi c. c th trng pht, cn phi

pht hin c cc hnh vibi c. Xem TDCL, trang 128

5.2 Nhng iu kin c bn c s hp tc

r+= 11

r

r

Hp tc

Bt Hp tc

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Tm li, khng c mt gii php no t c shp tc qua li ln nhau trong tr chi mt ln.

Ch c trong mi quan h ang tip din mi c thc c hi cho s trng pht v do vy mi c chicgy to ng c cho hp tc.

S v trong hp tc t ng mang theo n mt chiph di hnh thc l nh mt li nhun trong tng lai.Nu chi ph ny ln th k mun gian ln s nn lngv hp tc s c duy tr.

5.2 Nhng iu kin c bn c s hp tc

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(4 ; 3) (2 ; 4) (3 ; 2) (1 ; 1) T CAO

T THP

T THP T CAO

CTY BU

CTY BV D

26

Trn thc t, cnh tranh c th cn din raphc tp hn nhiu. Thng thng cc doanhnghip khng ch cnh tranh qua gi; m cnc v cht lng sn phm, dch v hu bnhng, v nhiu yu t khc.

kh quan st v nh gi, o lng

Mt cartel thnh cng trong vic kim sotv phi hp gi cao, th cnh tranh li n ra nhng lnh vc kh quan st hn

5.2 Nhng iu kin c bn c s hp tcCnh tranh phi gi c gia cc cng ty hng khng M

27

Non-price competition = Cnh tranh phi gic: L vic p dng bt k chnh sch nongoi tr chnh sch gim gi, nhm mc chli ko nhng khch hng mi t cc i thca mnh.

v d: qung co, bao b, nhn mc, khuynmi, tng sn phm min ph, T chc hotng tiu th sn phm (m rng knh phnphi)

5.2 Nhng iu kin c bn c s hp tcCnh tranh phi gi c gia cc cng ty hng khng M

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Vic hnh thnh cartel phi hp gicao l khng d dng v:

Lut php ngn cn vic cng khai lpcartel phi hp gi.

Vic pht hin s ph tha thun l rtkh khn.

5.3 S trng pht c cnh bo trcG khng Eddie

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Do vy, ng sau nhng t chc thnhcng trong vic thc y hp tc l nhngc ch trng pht s bi c rt c hiu lc. S trng pht c cnh bo trc S trng pht l tc thi th cng hiu qu

Eddie v New mark & Levis


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Mt v n chng c quyn ni ting khcc a ra cng lun khi Federal TradeCommission (Ban chuyn trch thngmi lin bang) cm Dupont v mt s nhsn xut khc thi hnh iu khon khchhng a chung nht l mt hnh vichng cnh tranh lnh mnh.


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CHUN B CHO BUI HC TI

c li chng 5 v t c chng 6 c trc nh Chng 7 m phn

(dnh cho bui hc tun 10) Tip tc thc hin bi tp nhm (20%)

chuong 5 - hop tac trong kinh doanh

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