church history ii lesson 33 review of nineteenth century europe
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CHURCH HISTORY II Lesson 33 Review of Nineteenth Century Europe. Nineteenth Century Europe. I. Revival in French speaking Europe. A. Swiss revival. Background: Francis Turretin (1523-1600). Robert Haldane (1764-1847). Exposition of the Epistle to the Romans. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CHURCH HISTORY II CHURCH HISTORY II Lesson 33Lesson 33
Review of Nineteenth Century Review of Nineteenth Century EuropeEurope
Nineteenth Century Europe
I. Revival in French speaking Europe
A. Swiss revival
Background: Francis Turretin (1523-1600)
Robert Haldane (1764-1847)
Exposition of the Epistle to the Romans
J. H. Merle d’Aubigne (1794-1872)
History of the Reformation
1849 Free Reformed Church - Geneva
B. New life in France
Background:
1802 – Reformed churches legally recognized
Monod brothers
Adolph Monod (1802-1856)
AN UNDIVIDED LOVELoving and Living for ChristAdolphe Monod, Translated and Edited by Constance K. Walker
Farewell
•“I have a Savior! He has freely saved me through his shed blood, and I want it to be known that I lean uniquely on that poured out blood. All my righteous acts, all my works which have been praised, all my preaching that has been appreciated and sought after—all that is in my eyes only filthy rags.”
“as a dying man to dying men”
Church in the desert
II. Renewal in the Netherlands
A. Revolutionary (Enlightenment) thought
B. Groen van Prinsterer “The Secession” of 1834
Reformed ChurchC. 1886 “De Doleantie” or “the weeping”
D. 1892 Reformed Churches in the Netherlands
Abraham Kuyper1837-1920
Pastor, newspaper editor, Prime Minister
Educator: Free University of Amsterdam (1880)
Theologian: Stone lectures at Princeton Seminary (1898)
“God’s greatness and almightiness do not limit and bind themselves to the narrower domain of salvation of souls but permeate our whole human life. And with every one of us, according to our talents and calling, love for God must express itself in every department of life with equal zeal and power.”
To Be Near Unto God
Neo-Calvinism = Reformed world and life view
“Christianity & Liberalism”
“False ideas are the greatest obstacles to the reception of the Gospel. We may preach with all thefervor of a Reformer and yet only succeed in winning a straggler here and there if we permit thewhole collective thought of the nation or of the world to be controlled by ideas, which by theresistless force of logic prevent Christianity from being regarded as anything more than aharmless delusion. Under such circumstances, what God desires us to do is to destroy theobstacle at its root. Many would have the seminaries combat error by attacking it as it is taughtby its popular exponents. Instead of that, seminaries confuse their students with a lot of Germannames unknown outside the walls of the universities. That method or procedure is based simplyupon a profound belief in the pervasiveness of ideas. What is today a matter of academicspeculation begins tomorrow to move armies and pull down empires.”
J. Gresham Machen
How or why did many churches fall away from orthodoxy to liberalism?
The Importance of Ideas
B. Five influence books
Ideas came from renaissance, romanticism, rationalism
1. On Religion: Speeches to its Cultured Despisers (1799)
Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768-1824)
Christianity is not in ideas, books, morality, but in religious consciousness
The moving of religion from confessions, propositional truth, to subjective, what I feel inside me
2. Origin of the Species (1859) Charles Darwin (1809-82)
“An explanation for almost everything; the place God had previously held in people’s minds”
“No matter how crooked the road from Darwin to Hitler, clearly Darwinism and eugenics smoothed the path for Nazi ideology, especially for the Nazi stress on expansion, war, racial struggle, and racial extermination” From Darwin To Hitler: Evolutionary Ethics, Eugenics, and Racism in Germany Richard Weikart
3. Essays and Reviews (1860)
Liberal Manifesto by 7 clergymen of the Ch of England
Basic premise: “read the bible like you read any other book”
11,000 clergymen opposed
Ideas never fully go away
4. The Christian Doctrine of Justification and Reconciliation (1874) Albrecht Ritschl (1822-89)
Christianity is not what you believe but what you do
Social Gospel
“the Fatherhood of God and the
Brotherhood of Man”
Liberal sermon theme: “Let me suggest that you try to be good”
5. What is Christianity? (1900) Adolph Harnack (1851-1930)
What is the ‘essence’ or the ‘kernel’ of Christianity?
The personality of Jesus
Why would anyone crucify the Christ of liberal Protestantism?
C. Failure of liberalism in life and doctrine: World War I
Optimistic humanism dies in the face of the evil of WWI
1)Failure to produce real answers
Paul Tillich
1886-1965 2) Failure to produce real Christians
2 reasons for liberalisms failure:
“All that horrible long night I walked along the rows of dying men, and much of my German classical philosophy broke down.”
Friedrich Nietzsche
1844-1900
“They would have to sing better songs to me that I might believe in their redeemer: his disciples would have to look more redeemed”
H. Richard Niebuhr
1894-1962
Liberalism taught that “a God without wrath brought men without sin into a kingdom without judgment through the ministrations of a Christ without a cross.”
II. Orthodoxy What was it doing during this time?
A. Two sermons of 1922
1. “ Shall the Fundamentalists Win”
Riverside Church
First Presbyterian Ch, NYC
Harry Emerson Fosdick
1878-1969
2. Shall Unbelief Win? Clarence E. McCartney
B. Christianity and Liberalism 1923) J. Gresham Machen
1891-1937
Outline of Christianity and Liberalism
1. Introduction
2. Doctrine
3. God and man
4. The Bible
5. Christ
6. Salvation
7. The Church
III. Neo-orthodoxy
Karl Barth (1886-1968)
1. Trained as a liberal
2. Crisis: what do I preach?
3. Rediscovery of the Bible4. Rediscovery of the Reformers and the Protestant orthodox theologians
Heppe’s Reformed Dogmatics
God is God !