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civilizacia

bizantia da qarTuli identoba

mokle istoriuli eqskursi

yoveli eri ramdenime sityviT SeiZleba daxasiaTdes. sityvaTa es erToblioba, Cveulebriv, eris ZiriTad niSan-Tvisebebze miuTiTebs da upasuxebs kiTxvas, Tu ras warmoadgens igi. aseTi sityvebi mudam eris istoriisa da kulturis maxasi-aTeblebia, radgan es ori ram gansazRvravs ama Tu im eris raobas, anu, rogorc axla miRebulia Tqma, mis identobas. amitomac sakacobrio cxovrebis am ori sferos — istoriisa da kulturis — dacvas, maT codnas sagangebo mniSvneloba eniWeba erovnuli TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis.

qarTvelebsac mogvepoveba Cveni erovnulobis sxarti gansazRvreba, rac pasu-xobs kiTxvas: `rani varT Cven?~ mkiTxveli, yovel SemTxvevaSi, mkiTxvelTa nawili mainc, albaT, maSinve moindomebs am kiTxvaze sakuTari pasuxis Ziebas. magram, vfiqrob, am daxasiaTebasac daeTanxmeba: qarTvelebi kavkasiaSi mcxovrebi uZve-lesi eria, romelmac marTlmadidebluri tipis qristianuli saxelmwifo da kul-tura Seqmna. am definicias SeiZleba raime daematos, ufro dazustdes an sxva-gvaradac gamoiTqvas, magram misi ZiriTadi Sinaarsi mainc igive darCeba.

Tina doliZe

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marTlac, gavaanalizoT da davfiqrdeT. qarTvelebis erovnuli meobis pirve-lad, umokles gansazRvrebaSi (gansxvavebiT, magaliTad, berZnebisa Tu itali-elebisgan) ver CavrTavT Cveni winareqristianuli xanis istoriasa da kulturas. droTa msvlelobam, samwuxarod, mciredi Semogvinaxa am uZvelesi epoqidan. dRes am istoriuli foliantebis calkeuli fragmentebi Tu gvipyria xelT (vgulisx-mob arqeologiur monapovars da istoriul cnobebs), romlebic arasrulad mogviTxroben qarTvel tomTa metad saintereso uZveles warsulze. rasakvirve-lia, Cveni istoriis es uZvelesi xanac Cveni individualobis Semadgeneli nawi-lia, magram raoden faseulic ar unda iyos es samuzeumo da matianeTa warsuli, is dResdReobiT ar aris Cveni erovnuli cnobierebis aqtiuri Sre. amis mizezi ki ZiriTadad isaa, rom xsenebul epoqaSi ar dasturdeba iseTi kulturuli fenomenebi, rogoric aris damwerloba da literatura.

religiac erTi umniSvnelovanesi kulturuli fenomenia. Cven vambobT, da asea Cvens SegnebaSi, rom qarTvelebi umTavresad marTlmadidebeli qristiani eri varT. qristianobis miRebidan mTeli Sua saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi da Semdegac, XVIII saukunis bolomde, saqarTvelo Zalze xSirad ganicdida sxvadasxva mahmadi-anuri qveynis (arabeTi, sparseTi, TurqeTi da sxv.) politikur agresias. amaTgan saqarTveloSi mxolod iranuli kulturis garkveul gavlenaze SeiZleba visaub-roT. muslimanurma religiam ver moikida fexi Cvens qveyanaSi da Tuki raime Ri-rebuli Semoitana muslimanurma kulturam, masStaburobiT is mainc ver Seedreba udides kulturul monapovars, rac marTlmadideblobam Seqmna saqarTvelo-Si. mis gverdiT verc sxva romelime qristianul aRmsareblobas davasaxelebT, romelsac Cvens istoriaSi raime msgavsi SemoqmedebiTi potenciali gamoevlinos. gviani Sua saukuneebidan Cndebian CvenTan kaTolike misionerebi. maT garkveul Jams udavod pozitiuri roli Seasrules mahmadianebisgan SeWirvebuli qarTveli eris sulier cxovrebaSi. garda amisa, XVIII saukuneSi qarTvelTa mcire nawili moiqca kaTolikur aRmsareblobaze, magram, miuxedavad amisa, namdvilad Znelia visaubroT kaTolikuri kulturis zegavlenaze saqarTveloSi.

aRdgoma, XIV saukunis freska, qora, stamboli

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konstantine didis mozaikuri gamosaxuleba aia-sofiaSi, xelSi qalaqis modeliT, X s. stamboli

stamboli — Zveli konstantinopoli — dRes

amgvarad, isev qarTvelobis zemomoyvanil defini-cias mivubrundebi da Semdegnair ganmartebas davur Tav: qarTuli qristianoba ganuyofladaa dakav Sirebuli bizantiur marTlmadideblobas-Tan, xolo misi qristianuli kultura — bizan-tiur marTlmadideblur kulturasTan. marTlac, saqarT veloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad SemoRebis droidan bizantiuri qristianoba, misi mwerloba, xelovneba, mecniereba da, sazogadod, mTeli bizantiuri kultura qarTvelobisTvis su-lier da inteleqtualur RirebulebaTa SeTvisebis uSreti wyaro iyo. berZnulenovani kulturis wiaR-Si aRmocenda da Camoyalibda qarTveloba, rogorc erovnuli kulturul-istoriuli fenomeni. qar-Tuli qristianoba mxolod da mxolod bizantiuri marTlmadideblobiT sazrdoobda da ase gagrZelda XVIII s-is miwurulamde, sanam Cvens qveyanaSi ruse-Tis imperia Semovidoda da rusuli eklesiis mZlav-robis xana daiwyeboda.

SegviZlia mcired mainc warmovadginoT is kultu-ruli areali, sadac mimoiqceodnen qarTvelebi adrindeli Sua saukuneebidan maRal Sua saukuneeb-amde da is sulieri garemo, romliTac isini sauku-neebis ganmavlobaSi sazrdoobdnen.

bizantiis imperia, tradiciuli daTariRebis mixed- viT, dasabams iRebs 330 wlis 11 maiss, roca romis imperiis dedaqalaqi romidan bosforis srutesTan, qalaq bizantionSi iqna gadatanili, da pirveli

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civilizacia

konstantinopolis ruka, gamocemuli amsterdamSi 1640 wels, masze kargad Cans qalaqis galavani, galaTas raioni, evropuli da Turquli xomaldebi, bosfori da oqros rqa, me-16 saukunis Senobebi, suleimanis meCeTi, topkapis sasaxle.

kostantinopoli Zvelad

qristiani imperatoris, konstantine didis, pativ-sacemad mas axali saxeli — konstantinopoli ewoda. am sazeimo dRes jer aravin icoda, rom uzarma-zar teritoriaze gadaWimuli axlad dafuZnebuli qristianuli saxelmwifo kacobriobis istoriaSi erT-erTi yvelaze xangrZlivad arsebuli imperia iqneboda. misi teritoriuli sazRvrebi bosforis napirebidan Sua afrikamde da adriatikis zRvidan SuamdinareTis qveynebamde iyo gadaWimuli. rac Seexeba mis qronologiur sazRvrebs, es zesaxelm-wifo xalxebsa da qveynebs 11 saukuneze met xans ga-nagebda da Tavisi arseboba 1453 wlis 29 maiss daas-rula, roca sulTan mehmed II fatihma (Turqulad `dampyrobeli~) cxenosani jariT gadalaxa konstan-tinopolis kedlebTan aRmarTuli jebirebi, SeiWra qalaqSi da aiRo.

am tragikul movlenamde ki bizantias udidesi mi-sia unda Seesrulebina aRmosavleT da dasavleT qristianul xalxTa formirebaSi, raTa istoriaSi maTi saerTo kulturuli warsulis saxeli daemkvid-rebina. Tavisi arsebobis ganmavlobaSi dausrulebel dampyroblur Tu TavdacviT omebSi CarTuli bizantia

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misi mtrebisTvis mudam aRfrTovanebis sagnad rCeboda: mas ebrZodnen da Senatrodnen, misgan iTvisebdnen, baZavdnen mas da cdilobdnen masTan gatolebas. bizantiis farglebSi Sema-vali da misi mezobeli axlo aRmosavleTis, afrikis da dasav-leTis xalxebi, elinebi da barbarosebi — gansxvavebuli kul-turuli tradiciisa da ganviTarebis xalxebi, CarTuli iyvnen saerTo sulier da inteleqtualur moZraobaSi, romelsac maTi saerTo sarwmunoeba — qristianoba warmarTavda. adrindel Sua saukuneebSi am sulierad gaerTianebuli sam-yaros centri axlo aRmosavleTi iyo. `yuresa amas queynisa-sa~ — kavkasionis samxreTiT mcxovrebi qarTvelebi adreqris-tianuli xanidanve mieltvodnen am mxares. palestina, egvipte da siria — ai, is qveynebi, sadac eziarnen qarTveli qris-tianebi `aRmosavleTqristianul saocrebas~. calkeulma mom-locvelebma am RvTivsulier mxares qarTlis gaqristianebis-Tanave, e.i. IV s-is Sua wlebSive miaSures.

asketuri mosaydreobis (anu asketebis, sulieri srulyofismizniT ama qveynisgan gandgomili pirebis, moRvaweobis) sawyis etapze qarTveli berebi palestinur, egviptur da siriul mon-astrebSi mkvidrdebodnen. V s-Si qarTvelTa ricxvma axlo aR-mosavleTSi imdenad imata, rom maT sakuTari eklesia-monast-rebis mSeneblobas mihyves xeli. V saukuneSi maiumis episkoposma (q. Razis maxloblad) da bizantiaSi saxelmoxveWilma

wm. petre iberi, XVIII s. miniatura

wm. ekaterines saxelobis monasteri sinas mTaze, dRevandeli egviptis teritoria

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civilizacia

saeklesio moRvawem, petre iberma (409-488), romelic bizan-tiis imperatoris karze aRzrdili qarTveli ufliswuli iyo, qarTuli monastrebi aaSena ierusalimsa da iudeis udab noSi, beTlemis maxloblad. didi avtoritetiT sargeb-lobda misi saRvTismetyvelo-saganmanaTleblo moRvaweoba q. maiumSic.

qarTvelTa farTo samonastro mSenebloba axlo aRmosav-leTSi VI saukuneSi iwyeba, roca qarTvelebma samonast ro koloniebis daarseba daiwyes palestinaSi — sinis da qorebis mTaze, agreTve siriaSi — Sav, anu sakvirvel mTaze (antio-qiis maxloblad). garda religiuri cxovrebisa, es samo-nastro kerebi mniSvnelovan kulturul-saganmanaTleb lo centrebs warmoadgendnen. am mxriv adrindel Sua sauku-neebSi gamoirCa 532 wels daarsebuli wm. sabas monasteri palestinaSi, sadac berZnebTan erTad mravali qarTveli mowesec moRvaweobda. sabawmidis qar-Tulma mwignobrulma keram ayvavebis xanas VIII-X ss-Si miaRwia. sagangebod aRsaniSnavia aq Seqmnili SesaniSnavi Targmanebi wmida werilis wignebisa da saeklesio sagaloblebisa. Cvenamde moRweulia bizantiur sagalobelTa iseTi qarTuli Targmanebic, romelTa originali SemorCenili araa da amitomac,

ierusalimis jvris monasteri dRes,

israeli

ierusalimis jvris monasteri, XIX s-is qarTuli graviura

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wm. sabas lavra ierusalimSi

SoTa rusTavelis freskuli portreti ierusalimis jvris monasterSi (XIII s-is I nax.)

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom adrebizantiuri palestinuri himno-grafiis Seswavla qarTuli Targmanebis gareSe SeuZlebelia. sabawmidis qarTvel saeklesio moRvaweTa da mTargmnelTa dam-saxurebas warmoadgenda agreTve VIII-IX ss. qarTuli salite-raturo enis reforma.

XI s-is Sua wlebSi (1040-1050) giorgi proxore SavSelmadaaarsa ierusalimis jvris monasteri. axalgazrda Taobis-Tvis es savane, uwinares yovlisa, SoTa rusTavelis freskiT aris cnobili. jvris monasteri ara marto qarTvelTa erT-erTi mniSvnelovani sasuliero-saganmanaTleblo kera iyo qristianul aRmosavleTSi, aramed mas ekisreboda meurveo-ba da xelmZRvaneloba qarTuli eklesia-monastrebisa mTel wminda miwaze. monasters hqonda qarTuli xelnaweri wignebis mdidari biblioTeka. dRevandlamde am sulieri saganZuris mxolod erTi nawilia SemorCenili, da igi ierusalimis berZ-nuli sapatriarqos biblioTekaSi inaxeba. iseve, rogorc Sua saukuneebis sxva sasuliero-samonastro xelnawerTa fonde-bi, qarTul xelnawerTa ierusalimuri koleqciac bevr sagu-lisxmo masalas hpirdeba bizantiur-qarTuli urTierTo-bebis kvle viT dainteresebul mecnierebs. mamaTa monastrebis garda, palestinaSi arsebobda dedaTa monastrebic, romelTa mwignobrul saqmianobas ZiriTadad xelnawerTa gadawera-damzadeba Seadgenda.

VI saukuneSi xdeba qarTvelTa mcire jgufis damkvidreba sinas mTaze. kolonia mravalricxovani gaxda IX saukuneSi, ra-mac safuZveli moumzada X saukunis sinas mTis literatu-ruli skolis ayvavebas. sinas mTis qarTul monastrebsac

70

civilizacia

Raliis monastris fragmenti, kviprosi

petriwonis monasteri dRes,

bulgareTi

saukeTeso biblioTekebi da sakiTxavi darbazebi hqon-daT, aRWurvili im droisaTvis Cinebulad gamarTu-li sabiblioTeko katalogebiT. bolo drois gamokv-levebma cxadyo, rom sinas mTaze qarTvelebs bevrad meti monasteri ekuTvnodaT, vidre aqamde iyo cno-bili.

VI saukunidan Cans qarTvelTa kvali siriaSic. SavmTaze, antioqiis maxloblad, VI s-Si moRvaweobda didi asketi svimeon mesvete umcrosi. mas ukavSirde ba qarT lsa da kaxeTSi samonastro cxovrebis dafuZne-ba. svimeonwmidis savaneSi qarTvelebs sakuTari ekle-sia hqoniaT. dResdReobiT gamovlenilia rva qarTuli monast-ris arseboba Sav, anu sakvirvel mTaze. XI s-is pirvel naxevarSi am wminda adgils miaSura samxreT saqarTvelos ber-monazonTa axal ma nakadma, romelmac Tan gaiyola da Sav mTaze daamkvidra tao-klarjeTis samwerlobo tradiciebi. XI s-is Sua wlebSi aq erTxans moRvaweobda giorgi mTawmindeli. amave saukunis meore naxevarSi, didi qarTveli swavlulis, RvTismetyvelisa da mwer-lis — efrem mciris winamZRvrobis Jams gansakuTrebuli avto-riteti moipova kastanis qarTvelTa monasterma. imave periodSi kastanaSi moRvaweobda meore gamoCenili qarTveli RvTismetyve-li da filosofosi arsen iyalToeli. efrem mciris moTaveo-biT antioqiis qarTvel moRvaweebs ganzraxuli hqondaT qarTu-li saeklesio ganaTleba Tanadrouli bizantiuri ganaTlebis donemde aemaRlebinaT. am rTuli amocanis Sesasruleblad efrem mcirem SeimuSava sagangebo meTodologiuri principebi, romlebic

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filologiur, saRvTismetyvelo da sagamomcemlo sakiTxTa farTo speqtrs moicavda. antioqiel mTargmnelebs ara mar-to zedmiwevniT gadmohqondaT berZnuli dedani, aramed amza-debdnen xelnawerTa mecnierul gamocemebs, rac gulisxmobs TargmanisaTvis samecniero kritikuli aparatis (Sesavlis, filologiuri, saRvTismetyvelo da istoriuli xasiaTis ganmartebebis) darTvas. Savi mTis qarTvel mwignobarTa mier momzadebuli mecnieruli gamocemebis saxiT Cven arsebiTad SemogvrCa bizantiis arealSi Seqmnili Sua saukuneebis humani-taruli azrovnebis saukeTeso nimuSebi, ris gamoc (agreTve am xelnawerul gamocemebSi daculi unikaluri cnobebis gamo) isini metad Rirebulia bizantiuri kvlevebisTvisac.

IX saukunidan qarTvelebma mimarTes bizantiis dasavleTnawils. IX s-is meore naxevarSi ilarion qarTvelma (822-875) mcire aziaSi daafuZna olimpos, xolo konstantinopolis axlos romanas monastrebi. 980-983 ww. ioane mTawmidelisa da Tornike erisTavis TaosnobiT aTonis mTaze aigo iberTa (qarT velTa) monasteri. ivironi, rogorc mas berZnebi uwo-deben, umokles droSi gadaiqca bizantiis imperiis dasavleT nawilSi qarTuli kulturisa da erovnuli TviTSegnebis pro-tagonistad. X-XI ss-is qarTvelebi gacxovelebul samwerlo-bo saqmianobas eweodnen konstantinopolis monastrebSi. maT ekuTvnodaT Raliis monasteri kviprosze da petriwonis sa-vane bulgareTSi. es ukanaskneli 1083 wels daaarsa bizantiis imperiis msxvilma samxedro moxelem, qarTvelma grigol baku-rianisZem. savanesTan arsebobda seminaria, romelsac iseve, rogorc Tavad savanes, daaxloebiT 20 weli winamZRolobda Sua saukuneebis gamoCenili qarTuli filosofosi da RvTis-metyveli ioane petriwi.

aTonis iverTa monasteri, saberZneTi

aTonis iverTa monas-teri XVIII saukuneSi, timoTe gabaSvilis `mimoslva~

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civilizacia

SeuZlebelia CamovTvaloT bizantiis impe-riis dasavleTsa Tu aRmosavleTSi moqmedi yve-la qarTuli eklesia-monasteri, magram SegviZ-lia aRvniSnoT maTi erTi saerTo Tviseba — es sasuliero da mwignobruli kerebi sulac ar eweodnen Caketil samonastro cxovrebas. isini cxovrobdnen intensiuri sasuliero cxovre-biT, rac gulisxmobda cxovel urTierTobebs erTmaneTTan da saqarTvelos eklesiasTan.

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, Sav mTaze svimeonwmindas ukavSirdeba VI saukuneSi 13 asureli mamis Camosvla aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi da 17 samonastro centris daarseba. jer kidev bevri ram aris ucnobi am moRvaweTa realuri raode-nobis, maTi erovnebisa da religiuri aRmsareblobis Sesaxeb. magram sagu-lisxmoa Tavad is faqti, rom maT asketuri mosagreobis formebis danerg-vasTan erTad (samonastro Tanacxovrebis wesi, meudabnoeoba, mesve teoba, memRvimeoba, dayudebuloba), saqarTveloSi samonastro ganaT leba Semoi-tanes. XI-XII saukuneebSi asurel mamaTa mier dafuZnebul monastrebs axali sicocxle STaberes bizantiaSi ganswavlulma qarTvelebma.

iyalTos akademia

gelaTis akademia

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samxreT saqarTveloSi intensiuri samonastro, kul-turuli da saganmanaTleblo cxovreba arabebis batonobis Semdeg daiwyo. visac waukiTxavs `grigol xanZTelis cxovre-ba~, icis, rom am saqmis mesaZirkvle wm. grigoli iyo (759-861). misi xelmZRvane lobiT tao-klarjeTSi mWidrod dakavSirebu-li sasuliero-saganmanaTleblo kerebis farTo qseli Seiqmna. iTargmneboda bizantiuri saeklesio mwerlobis yvela Janris Txzulebebi. monastrebSi SesaZlo iyo im tipis enciklopedi-uri ganaTlebis miReba, rogoric imdroindel berZnul sasu-liero centrebSi arsebobda. XII saukune dasavleT da aRmosav-leT saqarTveloSi ori udidesi sasuliero-saganmanaTleblo keris daarsebiT aRiniSna. 1106 wels daviT aRmaSenebelma imer-eTSi safuZveli Cauyara gelaTis samonastro kompleqsisa da akademiis aRmSeneb lobas. daviTis istorikosi gelaTis aka-demias `sxva aTensa da meore ierusalims~ uwodebs. mematianis sityvebSi vlindeba daviT aRmaSeneblis ganzraxva, bizantiis umaRles saswavlebelTa darad gaeerTianebina gelaTSi elinTa saero sibrZne, risi simboloc warmarTuli aTenia qristianul sulierebasTan erTad, romelsac ganasaxierebs ierusalimi. daviTma am didebul kulturul-saganmanaTleblo keraSi saqa-rTvelos SigniT da mis gareT moRvawe Cinebuli swavlulebi Semoikriba. maT Soris iyvnen arsen iyalToeli da ioane petri-wi — konstantinopolSi ganaTlebamiRebuli da ucxoeTis mon-astrebSi moRvawe qarTvelebi. meore saganmanaTleblo centri, savaraudod, amave periodSi kaxeTSi, iyalTos Zveli monastris teritoriaze auSenebiaT. samwuxarod, Cvenamde araa SemorCe-nili cnobebi iyalTos akademiisa da iq mimdinare saswavlo-saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis Sesaxeb.

yvela mwerlobas Tavisi arsebiTi damaxasiaTebeli niSani aqvs. qarTuli saeklesio mwerloba, uwinares yovlisa, mTargm-nelobiTi xasiaTisaa. es aris misi prioriteti da specifika, ris gamoc is aseve metad mniSvnelovania bizantiur-berZnuli da aRmosavleTqristianuli saeklesio literaturis kvle-visTvis. axlo aRmosavleTis mravalerovan da, Sesabamisad, mravalenovan garemoSi moxvedrili qarTveli berebi zedmiwev-niT iTvisebdnen berZnul, somxur, arameul, siriul, koptur da arabul enebs. zogierTi am enidan Targmnidnen kidec sasu-liero mwerlobis nimuSebs. Tumca, cxadia, berZnul enas mudam upiratesoba eniWeboda qarTvelTa mTargmnelobiT moRvaweo-baSi. mkveTri Semobruneba martooden bizantiuri berZnul-enovani mwerlobisken X s-Si iwyeba da, upirveles yovlisa, eqv-Time aTonelis saxels ukavSirdeba. swored am droidan isaxeba kulturuli moTxovna — ara marto aiTvison bizantielTa cod-na, aramed ganaviTaron qarTuli ena berZnuli enis mixedviT. XI s-is meore naxevarSi qarTvel mwignobarTa winaSe dadga rTuli amocana — qarTuli ena gaetolebinaT saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi daxvewili da Camoyalibebuli berZnuli samecniero enis Sesa-

ioane zosimes `qebaLda didebaL qarTulisa enisaL~ xelnaweri

davaTis qvajvari IV sau-kunis II naxevriT (362-381 ww.) TariRdeba. mas-ze, zeda nawilSi, gamosa - xulia miqael da gabri-el mTavarangelozebi, xelSi gragniliT. grag-nilze (eqvs striqonad) qarTuli asomTavruli asoebia amokawruli.frTebdaSvebuli mTa-varangelozebi TiTqos uflis nebas auwyeben qvajvaris warweras 367 wliT aTariReben.

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civilizacia

ZleblobebisTvis. es amocana jer efrem mciris elinofilur-ma (elinofiloba niSnavs berZnuli kulturisa da ganaTlebis upiratesobis aRiarebasa da mis mimbaZvelobas) mimarTulebam, xolo XII saukunis pirvel naxevarSi gelaTis saliteraturo centrma daisaxa miznad. araswori iqneboda gvefiqra, rom bi-zantiurma mwerlobam, ramdenadac is misabaZi magaliTi iyo qarTvelebisTvis, daTrguna qarTvelebSi avTenturi Semoq-medebis unari. Cven amis sapirispiro suraTs vxedavT. qarTve-lebs sxva erebisgan sulier da inteleqtualur RirebulebaTa aTviseba uZlierebs erovnuli Rirsebis Segnebas da sakuTari enisa da kulturis dacvis survils. es movlena jer kidev siR-rmiseul dakvirvebas moiTxovs, magram aq calkeuli faqtebis dasaxeleba mainc SeiZleba.

IV s-is II naxevriTaa daTariRebuli davaTis qvajvari, rome-lic qarTuli saeklesio mwerlobis am adreul xanaSi qarTul anbans da amdenad, qarTul qristianul mwignobrobas gana-didebs.

IX saukunis meore naxevarSi bizantiis samefo karis warmo-mavlobiT qarTveli mdivanTuxucesi basili wm. ilarion qarT-velis cxovrebas aRwers. nawarmoebSi is azria gatarebuli, rom qarTuli ena, rogorc qristianuli xalxis ena, berZnuli-viT madlmosilia, ris gamoc is berZnulis Tanasworad unda miviCnioT; gansakuTrebuli madli ki, romelic masSia daculi,

samociquli, gamosaxuliawm. eqvTime da giorgi mTawmindelebi,wm. ila- rioni da wm. nino

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mxolod imas miecema, vinc am enas daeufleba. amitom mihyavs imperator basili I makedonels Tavisi ori Ze romanas qarTvelTa monasterSi da SesTxovs qarTvel berebs: `aswavleT wigni da enaL Tqueni~, raTa esenic Tanaziarni gaxdnen Tqveni locvisao.

X s-is mwerali ioane zosime qarTuli enis sadidebelSi (`qebaL da didebaL qar-Tulisa enisaL~) kidev ufro Sors midis. is gvauwyebs, rom, Tumca mis dros qar-Tuli ena daufasebelia, es is enaa, romelSic didi saidumloa damarxuli da romelzec meored mosvlisas kacobrioba ganikiTxeba.

qarTvelebis TvalSi maTi eklesia Tanatoli iyo bizantiuri eklesiisa da maszeupiratesic imis gamo, rom, misgan gansxvavebiT, qarTul eklesias ar Sexebia sxva-dasxva juris mwvaleblobaTa Semoteva. qarTulad iTargmneboda xalxTa saisto-rio qronikebi da iwereboda sakuTari saistorio Txzulebebi, sadac qarTvelebi

bizantinistikis (igive bizantinologiis), rogorc samecniero dargis dafuZneba

saqarTveloSi da misi kvlevis mokle istoria

amgvarad, qarTuli qristianobis istoriis da kulturis kvleva bizantiuri civilizaciisa da Zveli berZnuli enis gareSe SeuZlebelia. es realoba saTanadod Seafases XX s-is qarTvelolo-giis saTaveebTan mdgomma brwyinvale mecnierebma, romlebmac Cinebulad icodnen Zvel berZnuli ena da Sua saukuneebis berZnuli kultura (mag., iv. javaxiSvilma, k. kekeliZem, gr. wereTelma, s. yauxCiSvilma). maT kargad esmodaT, rom axladgaxsnil qarTul universitetSi aucilebeli iyo bi-zantinistikis, rogorc sauniversiteto dargis dafuZneba, raTa Seqmniliyo qarTvel bizantinistTa erovnuli skola.

1927 wels ivane javaxiSvilis, grigol wereTlisa da simon yauxCiSvilis erToblivi ZalisxmeviTTbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi bizantinologiis kaTedra gaixsna, romelmac, samwuxarod, mxo-lod 12 weli iarseba. 1938 wels, stalinuri reJimis mZvinvarebis xanaSi, roca mimdinareobda ide-ologiuri brZola yovelive progresulTan, kaTedris pirveli xelmZRvaneli da bizantinistikis qarTuli skolis faqtobrivi fuZemdebeli, simon yauxCiSvili, rogorc sabWoTa ideologiisaTvis arasando piri, universitetis bevr sxva profesorTan erTad daapatimres, bizantinologiis kaTedra ki gaauqmes. stalinis Semdegac, komunisturi ideologiis pirobebSi SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda am dargis aRdgena Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi. erTi mxriv, aTeisturi saxelmwifosTvis qristianuli warsulis kvleva sazogadod ideologiur safrTxes Seicavda da, meore mxriv, iyo saSiSroeba, rom eris warsulis kvleva biZgs miscemda erovnul TviTgamorkvevas, rac, cxadia, SeuTavsebeli iyo im-periuli saxelmwifos interesebTan. marTalia, universitetis kedlebSi bizantinologiis kaTedris aRdgena ver moxerxda, magram es sulac ar niSnavda misi, rogorc samecniero dargis, ganviTarebis Sewyvetas. simon yauxCiSvilma, misma kolegebma da aRzrdilebma SeZles bizantinistikis skolis dac-va da ganviTareba rogorc saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis institutebSi, ise Tsu klasikuri filologiis kaTedrazec, sadac wlebis ganmavlobiSi antikuri civilizaciis SeswavlasTan erTad aramciredi adgili eTmoboda momavali bizantinistebis aRzrdasac.

mxolod 2006 wels aRdga Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi bizantinistika, rogorc damoukide-beli sauniversiteto dargi. bizantinistikis departamenti sTavazobs students samsafexurian ganaT lebas – bakalavriatis, magistraturisa da doqtoranturis doneze. ganyofilebis studenti iZens codnas bizantiis istoriisa da kulturis sxvadasxva dargSi, rogoricaa bizantiuri lite-ratura, bizantiuri RvTismetyveleba, bizantiis istoria, bizantiuri xelovneba, antikuri da Sua saukuneebis filosofia. studenti Seiswavlis Zvel da Sua saukuneebis berZnulsa da laTinur enebs, originalSi waikiTxavs bizantiel da laTinurenovan avtorTa Txzulebebs. mniSvnelovani adgili eTmoba bizantiur-qarTul mravalmxriv istoriul da kulturul urTierTobebs.

dabolos, didma qarTvelma mefem da politikosma, vaxtang gorgasalma, anderZad dautova qarTve-lebs sityvebi ̀ giyvardeT berZnebi!~ vaxtang gorgaslis mowodeba bizantielTa sarwmunoebis da kul-turis midevnebas urCevs qarTvelebs. Cveni eri erTguli aRmoCnda am istoriuli arCevanisa. ase Seiqna igi individualobiT aRbeWdili, Rirseuli wevri aRmosavleT da dasavleTqristianul erTa im ojaxisa, romlis saerTo kulturuli warsuli bizantiaa.

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civilizacia

poulobdnen miTiTebas TavianT uZveles bibliur warmomavlobaze da maT sapatio adgilze civilizebul erTa Soris. yovelive es ar aris eris usafuZvlo yoyo-Coba, aramed misi potenciis jansaRi gamovlineba, misi Rrma rwmena, rom is civi-lizebuli msoflios Rirseuli nawilia da mas, rogorc am samyaros unikalur wevrs, Zala Seswevs, Seqmnas WeSmariti sakacobrio Rirebulebani. qristianoba, rogorc zeerovnuli religia, xels uwyobda am tipis azrovnebis ganviTarebas, vinaidan is Tavis TavSi mravalerovnulobisa da TviTmyofadobis dacvas gu-lisxmobs. qarTul niadagze gadmonergilma bizantiurma saeklesio kulturam marTlac didebuli sulieri da inteleqtualuri nayofi gamoiRo: sxva aRmosav-leTqristiani erebis gverdiT (sirielebi, koptebi, somxebi, qristiani arabebi, bulgarelebi, rusebi da sxv.) qarTvelma ermac, bizantiurisa da erovnulis Seza-vebiT, RirsSesaniSnavi, TviTmyofadi qristianuli kultura Seqmna.

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