classd booklet

8/2/2019 Classd Booklet

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CL

AS

SD

AIRSPAC

E

rom 3 JUNE


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INTRODUCTIONThis booklet is produced or aviation saety education purposes.

It does not replace inormation contained in the Aeronautical

Inormation Publication (AIP), En-route Supplement Australia and/

or NOTAMS. Pilots should always reer to these documents or

up-to-date inormation.

This is advisory material only and is not the only methodologythat could be adopted. It is not legally binding.

Please note that the Visual Pilot Guides (Sydney Basin, Melbourne

Basin, Parafeld, Jandakot and Archerfeld) are being revised,

and will be available to coordinate with the 3 June Class D

implementation date.

CASA 2010

Prdc mer 1003.1252

DISCLAIMER: This inormation is a brie outline o the practices and procedures set to

be adopted at Class D aerodromes, and is designed to provide insight into the general

philosophy behind the procedures. This inormation is not necessarily denitive and theinormation should not be used operationally without rst cross-reerencing with the

appropriate documentation.


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The transition to Class D

airspaceOn 3 June 2010, internationally-recognised Class D procedures

replace the Australian-specic general aviation aerodrome

procedures (GAAP). The changes involve adopting the International

Civil Aviation Organizations Class D airspace classication, along

with procedures broadly aligned with the US Federal AviationAdministrations Class D procedures.

Its testament to the undamental integrity o GAAP that the changes

to procedures that will come into eect on this date are relatively

minor. Replacing the Australian-specic GAAP with the internationally

recognised Class D procedures is a step towards standardisingAustralian aviation procedures with international practices.

Standardisation is especially important given the boom in overseas

student training at GAAP aerodromes.

Australia is adopting FAA Class D procedures such as abbreviated

clearances and distances rom cloud, including:

VMCcriteria

Parallelrunwayoperations

Abbreviatedclearancebyestablishingtwo-waycommunications

Maximumspeeds

Entrynotconstrainedbyaparticulartrackingpoint.

Although the mandatory requirement or all aircrat to proceed

VFRwithinaGAAPcontrolzonedisappearsunderthenewrules,

pilotsofIFRaircraftareencouragedtoproceedVFRwhenever

possible and advise ATC. Such action removes delays that may be

caused by separation requirements or IFR fights within the zone

and adjoining airspace.


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Entering Class DEntRy PoIntSOne o the main changes pilots fying into ormer GAAP aerodromes

shouldunderstandisthatGAAPapproachpointswillbecomeVFR

approachpoints,andwillnolongerbemandatory.However,usingVFR

approach points, marked on the visual terminal charts with a shadeddiamond, is recommended because they:

provideanorderlypathforenteringthecircuit

helptokeepyououtofnearbycontrolledairspace.

TheVFRapproachpointsareselectedbecausetheyareprominent

landmarks, which help with visual navigation, and make it easier orATC to segregate trac.

Under the new rules, ATC will still have the right to instruct you to

enter Class D airspace via a particular point.

CLEARAnCES

You must receive a clearance beore operating in a Class D control

zone. This could be clearance to take o, instructions or circuit entry,

or transit.

Individual clearances are required or:1. Take-o and landing;

2. Entering,crossingortaxiingalongallrunways;

Note: An instruction to Hold short o runway [number] let [or

centre or right] requires you to hold at a marked holding point.

3. Turns in a direction contrary to the circuit or a particular runway; Note: An ATC circuit entry instruction acts as a clearance or a

contrary turn, i required to comply with this instruction.

4. Circuits at a height other than 1,000t; and

5. Operations on routes or at altitudes dierent rom those

published in ERSA.


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EStAbLIShIng two-wAy CoMMunICAtIonS

When an aircrat contacts air trac control at a Class D aerodromeand provides sucient inormation about track or position, level,

and intentions or ATC to make an inormed decision, ATC may

clear the aircrat to enter the airspace by simply acknowledging

the transmission with the aircrats callsign. Alternatively, and more

usually, ATC will provide brie instructions to the pilot.

Such instructions include join crosswind, overfy, or report at

[position]. The acknowledgment authorises the aircrat to enter the

Class D airspace ollowing the stated track and level, or alternative

instruction given by ATC. Once clearance to enter the Class D airspace

is given, the pilot is required to maintain two-way communications

and to comply with any subsequent ATC instructions.

This shortened procedure does not eliminate the availability o a

traditional airways clearance where indicated, but it provides an

abbreviated clearance option or use where both pilot and ATC

understand the proposed course o action.

READbACk REquIREMEntS

Therearenochangestoreadbackrequirementsexceptinrelationto

taxiinstructions.Ifyougetataxiinstructionwhichincludesaholding

point, you must read back the name o the holding point.

You must read back:

Anyairwaysclearance,infull

Anyclearanceorinstructiontoholdshortof,enter,landon,

conditionalline-upon,wait,take-offfrom,cross,taxiorbacktrack

on, any runway

Assignedrunway,QNHdirectedtoaspecicaircraft,SSRcodes,

radio requency instructions Altitudeinstructions,directionofturn,heading

and speed restrictions.


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PILot RESPonSIbILItIES

When operating in Class D airspace, you must:1. Sight and maintain separation rom other aircrat;

2. Comply with ATC instructions while ensuring you maintain

separation rom other aircrat;

3. Immediately advise ATC i unable to comply with a control

instruction; and

4. Advise ATC i unable to see, or i you lose sight o, other aircrat

notied as trac.

VMC CRItERIA In CLASS D AIRSPACE

Flightvisibility5,000m

Horizontaldistancefromcloud:600m

Verticaldistancefromcloud:1,000ftabove;500ftbelow.


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SPECIAL VFR

YoumustnotconductaVFRightinClassDairspacewhenVMCdonotexist.However,atyourrequest,ATCmayauthoriseyoutooperate

toaspecialVFRclearance.AspecialVFRclearanceonlyapplieswithin

the Class D control zone.

WhenoperatingunderaspecialVFRclearance,youareresponsible

or ensuring that:

1. The fight is conducted clear o cloud;

2. Visibilityisnotlessthan1,600metresforxedwingaircraftand

800m or helicopters; and

3. The fight is conducted in accordance with CAR 157 with regard

to low fying.

MAxIMuM SPEED wIthIn A CLASS D

ContRoL zonE

Unless ATC authorises otherwise, your indicated airspeed should not

exceed200kt.

SEPARAtIon

In Class D airspace, ATC will provide the ollowing services to aircrat:

IFRightswillbeseparatedfromIFRandspecialVFRights

SpecialVFRightswillbeseparatedfromotherspecialVFRightswhenthevisibilityislessthanVMC

IFRightswillreceivetrafcinformationaboutVFRights

VFRightswillreceivetrafcinformationaboutIFRandother

VFRights

Trafcavoidanceadviceandsequencingwillbeavailable

on request.

Underthenewprocedures,ifyoureyingVFR,youareentirely

responsible or avoiding the wake turbulence rom heavier aircrat

ahead, including when you are landing. The same applies i youre

fying IFR and you accept responsibility to ollow or maintain own

separation with a heavier aircrat ahead. For these circumstances,ATC assistance will be limited to issuing a wake turbulence caution.

You must keep a vigilant lookout or other aircrat

even i you have received trafc inormation.


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SuRFACE MoVEMEnt ContRoL

Under Class D, surace movement control (SMC) will be re-introducedat the ormer GAAP aerodromes.

on InItIAL tAxI

Beforetaxiingorcallingsurfacemovementcontrol,checkthatyour

radio receiver is unctioning correctly and obtain the current ATIS.The preerred method or checking your radio is to monitor the ATIS.

Whenready,makeataxicalltoSMC,givingthefollowingdetails:

a. aircrat type and call-sign;

b. numberofPOB(notrequiredforVFRights);

c. identication o ATIS code received;

d. location on aerodrome;

e. ightrules(notrequiredforVFRights);

. intentions (crosswind circuit training, rst intended landing point,

etc); and

g. or training fights, whether dual or solo.h. requesttaxi.

I an airways clearance is required you should make your request to

SMC when ATC is operating, or to the appropriate ATC Centre when

the control zone is deactivated.

To minimise delays to your departure, you should notiy fight details

using the national aeronautical inormation processing system (NAIPS)

asthepreferredoption.Youcanalsotelephone,faxor,asalastresort,

radio SMC.

Where possible, you should carry out your pre-take-o checks in

arun-upbay.Ataxiclearancetoaparticularrunwayholdingpoint

entitles you to conduct your pre-take-o checks using an en-route

run-up bay.

Never enter or cross a runway en route to the holding point or run-up

bay unless specically cleared to do so by ATC.


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READy FoR tAkE-oFF

When you are ready or departure and rst in line at the holding point,selecttherelevanttowerfrequency,andreport:(expand)

[Callsign]ready,and

Thedesignatorofthedeparturerunway.e.g.,ABC,ready,runway

[let/right].

AFtER LAnDIng

Beforelanding,planyourtaxiroutetoyourparkingposition.After

landing, vacate the runway as soon as practicable. Remember that

aircraftonataxiwaymustgivewaytoaircraftvacatingarunway.

I you have landed on a runway that intersects another runway, youmay cross the intersecting runway, but you must not vacate onto

the intersecting runway unless ATC has cleared you to do so. Ater

vacatingarunway,youmustnotenter,re-enter,crossortaxialong

any runway unless ATC has cleared you to do so.


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FLyIng In thE CIRCuIt

ATC may issue a sequencing instruction with a take-o or touch-and-go clearance. When issued with a sequencing instruction, you must

ollow the aircrat you have been sequenced to ollow.

Unless otherwise instructed by ATC, you must report downwind when

starting the downwind leg. This report should include callsign, aircrat

type, downwind and intentions [ull-stop or touch-and-go]. I there

is too much radio trac or the call to be made in this position, report

mid-downwind or late-downwind as appropriate. ATC will issue a

sequencing instruction based on your position in the circuit.

I you wish to conduct a non-standard circuit, such as a glide or

fapless approach, advise the tower with your downwind report.

This advice will also alert other circuit trac. You must get towerapproval beore conducting simulated engine ailure training.

(Note: local aerodrome procedures may preclude such

operations.)

In sequencing aircrat, ATC will indicate the position o the preceding

aircrat by reerence to a leg o the circuit or as a clock bearing,and describe it either as a specic type or in general terms (e.g.,

Cessna or twin).


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ATC may issue a sequence number. Sequence numbers speciy the

landing sequence position o an aircrat with respect to any preceding

aircrat. The instruction ollow requires you to see the precedingaircrat, and regulate your speed and approach path to achieve

separation. I you cannot see and identiy the preceding aircrat, you

must advise the tower.

A landing clearance does not diminish your responsibility to maintain

sucient separation rom the preceding aircrat during landing.

InbounD CALL

You must establish and maintain two-way communications with the

Class D tower beore entering the control zone rom Class G airspace.

YoushouldmakeyourinboundcallattherelevantVFRapproachpoint.

Alternatively, you may establish initial contact with the tower when you

are around eight to 10 miles rom the airport.

Your inbound call should include: callsign, type, position, level, ATIS

codereceived,andintentions(forexample,inbound).


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Into CLASS g AIRSPACE

When departing the control zone into Class G airspace, you should

dosoonupwind,crosswindordownwindbyextendingtherelevant

legofthecircuitandthentrackingclearofVFRapproachpointsandassociated routes.

AsaVFRight,youdonotneedtomakeadeparturecallwhen

departing the control zone directly into Class G airspace. Nor do you

need to request approval to change requency when transiting rom

the Class D control zone into Class G airspace.

Into CLASS C AIRSPACE

I you are departing directly into Class C airspace, the airways and

departure clearances issued by ATC will authorise you to operate in

both Class D and Class C airspace.

tRAnSIt oF A CLASS D ContRoL zonE

I you intend to overfy the Class D control zone rom Class G airspace

withoutlanding,itisrecommendedyouplantodosoviaaVFR

approach point.

You must establish two-way communications with ATC beore

reaching the control zone boundary, so you should make your call at

therelevantVFRapproachpoint.Alternatively,youmayestablishinitial

contact with the tower when you are around eight to10 miles rom

the aerodrome.

Your call should include: callsign, type, position, level, ATIS

codereceivedandintentions(forexample,overyingfor[next

tracking point].

FLIght nEAR CLASS D AIRSPACE

When youre fying in Class G airspace near a Class D control

zone boundary, you should monitor the tower requency to be

aware o trac entering and leaving the control zone.

Departures


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LICEnSIng

A private pilot licence holder who has the logbook entry tofy an aircrat as pilot in command (PIC) in a control zone

at a GAAP aerodrome, may, on or ater 3 June 2010 fy an

aircrat as PIC in Class D airspace.

In addition, a licensed private pilot will be eligible or the log

book entry to fy an aircrat as PIC in a control zone whichhas no radar service.


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thERES A ChAngE In

thE AIR @ www.CASA.goV.Au

Learn all about the airspace changes online through CASAs neweLearning tutorials: on the new Class D, and changes relating to

operations at non-towered aerodromes.

Available online in early May 2010

Imagine i you could just close your eyes and rehearse your approach

to an unamiliar aerodrome. OnTrack will use multimedia to help brie

pilots on how to operate in and around controlled airspace and

toavoidVCAs.

Available online on 3 June 2010


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This booklet is not or operational use. Always reer to AIP,

ERSA and NOTAM or current operational inormation.

Remember: knowing the correct procedures, and ollowingthem, are important saety deences.


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FOR

FURTHER

INFORMA

TION

web

www.c

asa.gov.au

phon

e131757

email

safetyprom

[email protected]

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