classification of living things diversity of life by: mr. lowe
TRANSCRIPT
Classification of Living Things
Diversity of LifeBy: Mr. Lowe
What is classification?
•ClassificationClassification : The grouping of things according to shared characteristics or traits.
•TaxonomyTaxonomy: The science of classifying organisms.
Early classification systems
• The Greek Scientist AristotleAristotle first classified living organisms as either plant or animal.
•John RayJohn Ray was the first to use the term “species”
Binomial Nomenclature
• Developed by Carolus LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus
• Two-name system
• Each organism has a GenusGenus and a speciesspecies name
• First name (genus); second name (species)
Linnaeus Classification Example
1. Round, separated petals 2. Large, broad petals
3. Bunched, pointed petals
What is a scientific name?
• Combination of the Genus and species name of an organism
• Scientific names of organisms are always italicized or underlined
• The first letter of the Genus is always capitalized.
Example: Panthera tigris
Questions
• What is classification?
• Why is classifying living things important?
• What is taxonomy?
• Describe binomial nomenclature.
Questions
• Who developed a system for naming living organisms?
• For what is John Ray known?
• What is a scientific name of an organism and how is it written?
Seven classification groups of living things
Kingdom - Largest category
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species - Smallest Category
Leopard Classification
Mnemonic to help remember the Classification Groups!
•King Poopoo Came Over For Great Spaghetti
Questions
•What are the seven classification groups?
Scientific Naming• Why is it
important?– avoid confusion
when discussing information with other scientists• some animals have
different names in different parts of the world
– allows for easy organization
What type of animal is this?
In Florida = Florida Panther
Eastern US = Mountain LionWestern US = Cougar
South America = Puma
Scientific Name = Puma concolor
Dichotomous Key• What is it?
– a tool used to identify an organism if you don’t know exactly what it is
– each type of organism has its own specific key• so you can tell the differences between
similar organisms
Dichotomous Key
• How do they work?– made up of a detailed list of questions
about identifying characteristics– each question has 2 possible answers– the questions gradually narrow down the
list of possible organisms– eventually leads to an organism’s
scientific name
1A Object has only straight lines, go to 2
1B Object has curved line, go to 4
2A Color is blue-- Azul calamus
2B Color is not blue, go to 3
3A Object has four equal sides--Quadratis rufus
3B Opposite sides of object are equal-- Rectangulo crudus
4A Object has one continuous curving line, go to 5
4B Object has curved and straight lines--Azul undo
5A Object is red--Ovalado rufus
5B Object is green--Orbis crudus