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Codul munci al Romaniei in englezaTRANSCRIPT
LAW
Ñ L
ABO
UR C
OD
E*
TITLE I
Gen
era
l p
rovis
ion
s
CH
APTER I
Sc
op
e o
f a
pp
lic
ati
on
Article
1.
Ñ (1
) The present
code regula
tes all th
ein
div
idual
and collective la
bour
rela
tions, th
e m
anner
inw
hic
h th
e contr
ol
of
the im
ple
menta
tion of
labour
rela
tions regula
tions ta
kes pla
ce,
as w
ell as la
bour
juri
sdic
tion.
(2) The p
rese
nt code a
lso a
pplies
to the labour
rela
tions
regula
ted by sp
ecia
l la
ws, only
in
so
fa
r as
the la
tter
do
not conta
in d
ero
gato
ry s
pecific
pro
vis
ions.
Art
icle
2.
Ñ The pro
vis
ions
conta
ined in
th
e pre
sent
code a
pply
to:
a)
Rom
ania
n cit
izens w
ho are em
plo
yed under an
indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act and w
ho w
ork
in R
om
ania
;b)
Rom
ania
n citiz
ens
em
plo
yed under
an in
div
idual
labour
contr
act abro
ad, base
d o
n c
ontr
acts
conclu
ded w
ith
a R
om
ania
n e
mplo
yer, e
xcept
when t
he l
egis
lation o
f th
esta
te on th
e te
rritory of
whic
h th
e in
div
idual
labour
contr
act is
perf
orm
ed is
more
favoura
ble
;c)
foreig
n or sta
tele
ss citiz
ens em
plo
yed under an
indiv
idual
labour
contr
act, w
ho w
ork
fo
r a Rom
ania
nem
plo
yer
on the terr
itory
of Rom
ania
;
173
* Law
no. 53/2
003 w
as
publish
ed in t
he O
ffic
ial Gazette o
f Rom
ania
,Part
I, no. 72 o
f 5 F
ebru
ary
2003. The C
onst
itutional Court
gave D
ecis
ion
no. 24/2
003, publish
ed in t
he O
ffic
ial Gazette o
f Rom
ania
, Part
I, no. 72
of 5 F
ebru
ary
2003 o
n the c
onst
itutionality
of th
e law
.
(2)
Any dir
ect
or
indir
ect
dis
cri
min
ation again
st an
em
plo
yee, base
d o
n c
rite
ria s
uch a
s se
x, se
xual ori
enta
tion,
genetic c
hara
cte
rist
ics, a
ge, national ori
gin
, ra
ce, colo
ur
of
the sk
in,
eth
nic
ori
gin
, re
ligio
n,
political
options, so
cia
lori
gin
, dis
ability,
fam
ily conditio
ns
or
resp
onsi
bilitie
s,unio
n m
em
bers
hip
or
activity, sh
all b
e p
rohib
ited.
(3)
A dir
ect
dis
crim
ination sh
all be represe
nte
d by
actions
and fa
cts
of
exclu
sion,
diffe
rentiation,
rest
riction,
or
pre
fere
nce,
base
d on one or
severa
l of
the cri
teri
ast
ipula
ted under
para
gra
ph (2
), th
e purp
ose
or
effect
of
whic
h is
the failure
to g
rant, the r
est
riction o
r re
jection o
fth
e r
ecognitio
n, use
, or
exerc
ise o
f th
e r
ights
stipula
ted in
the labour
legis
lation.
(4)
An in
dir
ect
dis
cri
min
ation sh
all be re
pre
sente
d by
actions
and fa
cts
appare
ntly base
d on oth
er
cri
teri
a th
an
those
stipula
ted u
nder
para
gra
ph (2), b
ut
whic
h c
ause
the
effects
of a d
irect dis
cri
min
ation to take p
lace.
Art
icle
6.
Ñ (1
) Any em
plo
yee w
ho perf
orm
s a w
ork
shall benefi
t fr
om
adequate
w
ork condit
ions fo
r th
eactivity carrie
d out, so
cia
l se
curity,
labour sa
fety
and
health,
as
well as
the obse
rvance of
his
/her
dig
nity and
consc
ience, w
ithout any d
iscri
min
ation.
(2)
All em
plo
yees w
ho perfo
rm
a w
ork shall have
recognis
ed th
eir
ri
ght
to equal
paym
ent
for
equal
work
,th
eir
rig
ht to
collective n
egotiations, their
rig
ht to
pers
onal
data
pro
tection,
as
well as
their
ri
ght
to pro
tection fr
om
unla
wfu
l dis
mis
sal.
Art
icle
7.
Ñ Em
plo
yees
and em
plo
yers
can ass
ocia
tefr
eely
for
the d
efe
nce o
f th
eir
rig
hts
and the p
rom
otion o
fth
eir
vocational, e
conom
ic, and s
ocia
l in
tere
sts.
Article
8.
Ñ (1
) Labour rela
tions are based on th
epri
ncip
le o
f conse
nsu
s and g
ood faith.
(2) To e
nsu
re a
pro
per
pro
gre
ss o
f la
bour
rela
tions
the
part
icip
ants
in
la
bour
rela
tions
shall in
form
and co
nsu
ltone a
noth
er, in c
om
pliance w
ith the law
and the c
ollective
labour
contr
acts
.Article
9.
Ñ The Rom
ania
n cit
izens are fr
ee to
be
em
plo
yed in m
em
ber
countr
ies
of th
e E
uro
pean U
nio
n, as
well a
s in
any o
ther
state
, pro
vid
ed t
hey c
om
ply
with t
he
norm
s of
inte
rnati
onal
labour la
w and th
e bilate
ral
treaties
Rom
ania
is
a p
art
y to.
Law
no. 53/2
003
175
d)
pers
ons
who have acquir
ed th
e re
fugee st
atu
s and
are
em
plo
yed u
nder
an i
ndiv
idual
labour
contr
act
on t
he
terr
itory
of Rom
ania
, accord
ing to the law
;e)
apprenti
ces w
ho w
ork based on an on-the-job
appre
nticesh
ip c
ontr
act;
f) e
mplo
yers
who a
re n
atu
ral or
legal entities;
g) tr
ade u
nio
ns
or
em
plo
yers
Õ org
anis
ations.
CH
APTER I
I
Fu
nd
am
en
tal
prin
cip
les
Art
icle
3.
Ñ (1
) The fr
eedom
to
w
ork
is
guara
nte
ed by
the C
onst
itution. The r
ight to
work
shall n
ot be r
est
ricte
d.
(2) All p
ers
ons
shall b
e f
ree t
o c
hoose
their
work
pla
ce
and p
rofe
ssio
n, tr
ade, or
activity to c
arr
y o
ut.
(3) No o
ne c
an b
e o
bliged t
o w
ork
or
not
to w
ork
in a
cert
ain
work
pla
ce o
r pro
fess
ion, w
hate
ver
these
mig
ht be.
(4)
Any la
bour
contr
act
conclu
ded in
vio
lation of
the
pro
vis
ions
of para
gra
phs
(1)Ñ
(3) sh
all b
e n
ull d
e jure
.Art
icle
4.Ñ (1) Forc
ed labour
shall b
e p
rohib
ited.
(2)
The te
rm fo
rced la
bour
desi
gnate
s any w
ork
or
serv
ice im
pose
d o
n a
pers
on u
nder
thre
at or
for
whic
h the
pers
on in q
uest
ion h
as
not giv
en his
/her
free c
onse
nt.
(3)
The w
ork or acti
vit
y im
posed by th
e publi
cauth
ori
ties
shall n
ot be s
een a
s fo
rced labour:
a)
in com
pli
ance w
ith th
e la
w concernin
g th
em
andato
ry m
ilitary
serv
ice;
b) in
the d
ischarg
e o
f th
e c
ivic
obligations
set up b
y the
law
; c)
in accordance w
ith a fi
nal
judic
ial
decis
ion of
convic
tion;
d)
in case
of
abso
lute
necess
ity,
i.e.
in th
e event
of
aw
ar, cata
stro
phe or
risk
of
cata
stro
phe su
ch as: fire
s,fl
oods,
earth
quakes,
vio
lent
epid
em
ics or epiz
ooti
cs,
invasi
ons
of
anim
als o
r in
sects
, and, in
genera
l, u
nder
all
cir
cum
sta
nces je
opardis
ing life
or th
e norm
al
livin
gconditio
ns
of m
ost
of th
e p
opula
tion o
r of part
of it.
Art
icle
5.Ñ (1) W
ithin
the f
ram
ew
ork
of
work
rela
tions,
the p
rincip
le o
f th
e e
quality
of tr
eatm
ent fo
r all e
mplo
yees
and e
mplo
yers
shall a
pply
.
Labour
Code
174
(2)
A le
gal
enti
ty can conclu
de in
div
idual
labour
contr
acts
, as
an e
mplo
yer, a
fter
havin
g a
cquir
ed t
hat
legal
statu
s.(3
) A natu
ral
entity
can conclu
de in
div
idual
labour
contr
acts
, as an em
plo
yer,
aft
er havin
g acquir
ed th
ecapacity to e
xerc
ise.
Art
icle
15.Ñ I
t is
pro
hib
ited, under
penalty o
f abso
lute
nullity, to
conclu
de an in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
for
the
purpose
of
perfo
rm
ing an illicit or im
moral
work or
activity.
Art
icle
16.Ñ (
1)
An i
ndiv
idual
labour
contr
act
shall b
econclu
ded b
ase
d o
n t
he p
art
iesÕ c
onse
nt, i
n w
ritten f
orm
,in
Rom
ania
n. The e
mplo
yer
has
the o
bligation to c
onclu
de
the indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act in
wri
tten form
.(2
) If
th
e in
div
idual
labour contr
act
has not
been
conclu
ded i
n w
ritten f
orm
, th
e p
resu
mption i
s th
at
it h
as
been c
onclu
ded for
an indefinite term
, and the p
art
ies
can
giv
e pro
of
of
contr
act
pro
vis
ions
and w
ork
perf
orm
ed
thro
ugh a
ny o
ther
ele
ments
of pro
of.
(3) The w
ork
perf
orm
ed b
ase
d o
n a
n i
ndiv
idual
labour
contr
act giv
es
the e
mplo
yee length
of se
rvic
e.
Art
icle
17.Ñ (1) Pri
or
to t
he c
onclu
sion o
r am
endm
ent
of
an in
div
idual
labour contr
act, th
e em
plo
yer m
ust
info
rm
th
e person apply
ing fo
r em
plo
ym
ent
or th
eem
plo
yee, as
the c
ase
may b
e, about th
e g
enera
l cla
use
s he
inte
nds
to inclu
de in the c
ontr
act or
to a
mend.
(2) The info
rmation s
tipula
ted u
nder
para
gra
ph (1) sh
all
com
pri
se,
as
the case
m
ay be,
the fo
llow
ing ele
ments
at
least
:a) th
e identity
of th
e p
art
ies;
b)
the w
ork
pla
ce or, in
th
e abse
nce of
a st
able
w
ork
pla
ce,
the poss
ibility th
at
the em
plo
yee m
ay w
ork in
vari
ous
pla
ces;
c)
the em
plo
yerÕs
head offic
e or, as
the case
m
ay be,
resi
dence;
d) th
e d
uties
of th
e job;
e) th
e typic
al ri
sks
of th
e job;
f) the d
ate
fro
m w
hic
h the c
ontr
act is
to take e
ffect;
g) in
the e
vent
of
a labour
contr
act
for
a d
efinite t
erm
or
a tem
pora
ry labour
contr
act, the d
ura
tion there
of;
Law
no. 53/2
003
177
c. 12
TITLE II
Ind
ivid
ual la
bo
ur
co
ntr
act
CH
APTER I
Co
nc
lusio
n o
f th
e i
nd
ivid
ua
l la
bo
ur c
on
tra
ct
Art
icle
10.Ñ A
n indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act is
a c
ontr
act
based on w
hic
h a natu
ral
enti
ty,
call
ed em
plo
yee,
undert
akes
to perf
orm
w
ork
fo
r and under
the auth
ori
tyof
an e
mplo
yer, w
ho is
a n
atu
ral or
legal entity
, in
retu
rnfo
r a r
em
unera
tion, called w
ages.
Article
11.
Ñ The cla
uses of
the in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
cannot
conta
in contr
ary provis
ions or rig
hts
belo
w th
e m
inim
um
le
vel
set
up by la
ws
or
collective
labour
contr
acts
.Art
icle
12.Ñ (
1)
An i
ndiv
idual
labour
contr
act
shall b
econclu
ded for
an indefinite term
.(2
) As
an exception,
an in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
can
also b
e c
onclu
ded for
a d
efinite term
, under
the c
onditio
ns
expre
ssly
stipula
ted b
y the law
.Art
icle
13.
Ñ (1
) A natu
ral
entity
sh
all be allow
ed to
work
after
havin
g turn
ed 1
6 y
ears
of age.
(2) A legal entity
can a
lso c
onclu
de a
labour
contr
act, a
san em
plo
yee,
aft
er
turn
ing 15 years
of
age,
base
d on
his
/her parents
Õ or le
gal
representa
tivesÕ
consent, fo
ractivitie
s in
accord
ance w
ith h
is/h
er
physi
cal develo
pm
ent,
aptitu
des
and know
ledge,
unle
ss th
is pla
ces
under
risk
his
/her
health, develo
pm
ent, a
nd v
ocational tr
ain
ing.
(3)
Em
plo
ym
ent
of
perso
ns
under th
e age of
15 is
pro
hib
ited.
(4)
Em
plo
ym
ent
of
persons pla
ced under court
inte
rdic
tion is
pro
hib
ited.
(5)
Em
plo
ym
ent
in difficult,
harm
ful, or
dangero
us
work
pla
ces
shall only
ta
ke pla
ce after
the pers
on has
turned 18 years of
age;
such w
ork pla
ces shall
be
est
ablish
ed in a
Govern
ment decis
ion.
Art
icle
14.Ñ (1) For
the p
urp
ose
s of th
is c
ode, em
plo
yer
means
a n
atu
ral or
legal entity
who c
an e
mplo
y, acco
rdin
gto
th
e la
w,
labour
forc
e base
d on an in
div
idual
labour
contr
act.
Labour
Code
176
(2)
Specia
l la
ws
regula
ting th
e ty
pic
al
work
conditio
ns
abro
ad s
hall c
om
ple
ment
the p
rovis
ions
of
para
gra
ph (
1).
Art
icle
19.Ñ I
f th
e e
mplo
yer
does
not
com
ply
with h
isobligation to info
rm the e
mplo
yee w
ithin
15 d
ays
from
the
tim
e of
launchin
g th
e off
er fo
r th
e te
rm
inati
on or
am
endm
ent
of
the in
div
idual
labour
contr
act, or, as
the
case
may b
e, of th
e p
erf
orm
ance o
f th
e a
ctivity a
bro
ad, th
eem
plo
yee sh
all be entitled to
notify
, w
ithin
30 days, th
ecom
pete
nt
court
of
law
and ask fo
r com
pensati
on
corresp
ondin
g to
th
e dam
age cause
d to
him
/her as
aresult
of
the non-fulf
ilm
ent
by th
e em
plo
yer of
his
obligation to info
rm h
im/h
er.
Art
icle
20.
Ñ (1
) Besi
des
the genera
l cla
use
s st
ipula
ted
under
art
icle
17, th
e p
art
ies
can a
lso n
egotiate
and inclu
de
oth
er
specific
cla
use
s in
the indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act.
(2)
The fo
llow
ing are
re
gard
ed as
specific
cla
use
s, th
eenum
era
tion there
of not bein
g r
est
rictive:
a) th
e c
lause
on v
ocational fo
rmation;
b) th
e n
on-com
petition c
lause
;c) th
e m
obility c
lause
;d) th
e c
onfidentiality
cla
use
.Art
icle
21.Ñ (1) The n
on-com
petition c
lause
shall f
orc
eth
e e
mplo
yee n
ot
to p
erf
orm
, fo
r his
/her
ow
n i
nte
rest
or
that
of
a t
hir
d p
art
y, an a
ctivity w
hic
h i
s com
peting w
ith
the o
ne p
erf
orm
ed f
or
his
/her
em
plo
yer, o
r an a
ctivity f
or
the benefit
of
a t
hir
d p
art
y w
hic
h i
s in
com
petition w
ith
his
/her em
plo
yer and fo
rces th
e em
plo
yer to
pay a
month
ly a
llow
ance to the e
mplo
yee.
(2)
The n
on-com
petition c
lause
shall o
nly
take e
ffect
ifth
e in
div
idual
labour contr
act
cle
arly
sti
pula
tes th
eactivitie
s th
e e
mplo
yee i
s pro
hib
ited f
rom
perf
orm
ing f
or
the d
ura
tion o
f th
e c
ontr
act.
(3)
The all
ow
ance due to
th
e em
plo
yee shall
be
negotiate
d and sh
all be at
least
25 % of
the w
ages. The
allow
ance m
ust
be p
aid
in full a
nd in tim
e.
(4) The n
on-com
petition c
lause
shall n
ot opera
te d
uri
ng
the tri
al peri
od.
Art
icle
22.
Ñ (1
) The non-com
petition cla
use
sh
all no
longer
opera
te o
n the d
ate
of te
rmin
ation o
f th
e indiv
idual
labour
contr
act.
Law
no. 53/2
003
179
h)
the dura
tion of
the annual
leave th
e em
plo
yee is
entitled to;
i) th
e conditio
ns
under
whic
h th
e contr
acting part
ies
can g
ive n
otice a
nd the d
ura
tion there
of;
j) the b
asi
c w
ages, o
ther
ele
ments
of th
e e
arn
ed incom
e,
as
well as
the peri
odic
ity of
the paym
ent
of
wages
the
em
plo
yee is
entitled to;
k)
the n
orm
al
work
peri
od e
xpre
ssed i
n h
ours
per
day
and h
ours
per
week;
l) th
e m
enti
on of
the coll
ecti
ve la
bour contr
act
regula
ting the w
ork
conditio
ns
for
the e
mplo
yee;
m) th
e length
of th
e tri
al peri
od.
(3)
The ele
ments
in
th
e in
form
ation st
ipula
ted under
para
gra
ph (2
) sh
all also be fo
und in
th
e conte
nts
of
the
indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act.
(4) Any c
hange in a
ny o
f th
e e
lem
ents
stipula
ted u
nder
para
gra
ph (2
) duri
ng th
e perf
orm
ance of
the in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
shall re
quir
e th
e conclu
sion of
a ri
der
toth
e contr
act, w
ithin
15 days
from
th
e em
plo
yee bein
gnotified i
n w
riting, except
for
cir
cum
stances
when s
uch a
change is
m
ade poss
ible
by th
e la
w or
the applicable
collective labour
contr
act.
(5)
As regards th
e in
form
ati
on provid
ed to
th
eem
plo
yee, pri
or
to t
he c
onclu
sion o
f th
e indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act, th
e parti
es can ente
r in
to a confi
denti
ality
agre
em
ent.
Art
icle
18.Ñ (1) If t
he e
mplo
yee i
s to
carr
y o
ut
his
/her
activity abro
ad,
the em
plo
yer
shall pro
vid
e him
/her, in
due tim
e, w
ith the info
rmation s
tipula
ted u
nder
art
icle
17
(2), inclu
din
g info
rmation r
egard
ing:
a)
the dura
tion of
the w
ork
peri
od to
be perf
orm
ed
abro
ad;
b) th
e c
urr
ency i
n w
hic
h h
is/h
er
wages
are
to b
e p
aid
,as
well a
s th
e m
eth
ods
of paym
ent;
c) th
e p
aym
ents
in m
oney a
nd/o
r in
kin
d r
ela
ted to the
activity c
arr
ied o
ut abro
ad;
d) th
e c
lim
ate
conditio
ns;
e)
the m
ain
regula
tions in
th
at
countr
yÕs
la
bour
legis
lation;
f) t
he local cust
om
s th
e n
on-o
bse
rvance o
f w
hic
h m
ight
endanger
the e
mplo
yeeÕs life, fr
eedom
, or
pers
onal sa
fety
.
Labour
Code
178
Art
icle
27. Ñ (1) A p
ers
on s
hall o
nly
be e
mplo
yed b
ase
don a m
edic
al
cert
ific
ate
, w
hic
h finds
that
the pers
on in
quest
ion is
fit to
perf
orm
that w
ork
.(2
) The fa
ilure to
com
ply
w
ith th
e provis
ions of
para
gra
ph (1
) cause
s th
e in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
tobecom
e n
ull.
(3) If the e
mplo
yee s
ubm
its
the m
edic
al cert
ific
ate
after
the tim
e of
conclu
sion of
the in
div
idual
labour
contr
act,
and th
e conte
nts
of
the cert
ific
ate
pro
ve th
e pers
on in
question is
fi
t fo
r w
ork,
the contr
act
thus conclu
ded
rem
ain
s valid.
(4) The c
om
pete
nce for
and the p
rocedure
of is
suin
g the
medic
al
cert
ific
ate
, as
well as
the sa
nctions
applicable
to
the e
mplo
yer
for
em
plo
yin
g o
r changin
g the w
ork
pla
ce o
rty
pe of
work w
ithout
a m
edic
al
certi
ficate
shall be
stip
ula
ted b
y s
pecia
l la
ws.
(5) It is
pro
hib
ited t
o r
equir
e p
regnancy t
est
s on h
irin
ga p
ers
on.
(6)
When em
plo
yin
g a pers
on in
th
e field
s of
health,
public cate
ring,
education,
and oth
er
field
s st
ipula
ted by
the law
s, typic
al m
edic
al te
sts
may b
e r
equir
ed.
Art
icle
28.
Ñ A m
edic
al
cert
ific
ate
is
also com
pulsory
under
the follow
ing c
ircum
stances:
a) w
hen r
est
art
ing w
ork
after
an inte
rruption e
xceedin
g6 m
onth
s, f
or
jobs
with e
xposu
re t
o o
ccupational
noxio
us
facto
rs, and o
ne y
ear, in the o
ther
case
s;b) in
the e
vent
of
a s
econdm
ent
or
transf
er
to a
noth
er
work
pla
ce o
r activity;
c) w
hen b
egin
nin
g w
ork
, in
the c
ase
of em
plo
yees
hir
ed
under
a tem
pora
ry labour
contr
act;
d)
in th
e case
of
appre
ntices, pro
bationers
, and sc
hool
or
college s
tudents
, if they a
re to b
e tra
ined p
er
trades
and
pro
fess
ions, as
well as
when changin
g tr
ade duri
ng th
etr
ain
ing;
e) peri
odic
ally, in
the c
ase
of
pers
ons
who w
ork
under
exposu
re t
o o
ccupational noxio
us
facto
rs, accord
ing t
o t
he
regula
tions
of th
e M
inis
try o
f H
ealth a
nd F
am
ily;
f) peri
odic
ally,
in th
e case
of
pers
ons
who perf
orm
activitie
s sh
ow
ing a
ris
k o
f tr
ansm
itting d
isease
s and w
ho
work
in the f
ood a
nd a
nim
al-bre
edin
g s
ecto
rs, in
dri
nkin
g
Law
no. 53/2
003
181
(2)
As
an exception to
th
e pro
vis
ions
of
para
gra
ph (1
),th
e non-c
om
peti
tion cla
use can als
o apply
aft
er th
ete
rmin
ation o
f th
e indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act, f
or
a p
eri
od
of
6 m
onth
s at
the m
ost
, w
hen executive posi
tions
are
involv
ed, and 2
years
at th
e m
ost
, fo
r th
ose
havin
g b
een in
managem
ent posi
tions, if su
ch a
peri
od h
as
been e
xpre
ssly
agre
ed u
pon in the indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act.
(3) The p
rovis
ions
of para
gra
ph (2) sh
all n
ot apply
when
the te
rm
ination of
the in
div
idual
labour contr
act
has
taken pla
ce de ju
re
or base
d on th
e in
itia
tive of
the
em
plo
yer, fo
r re
aso
ns
whic
h cannot
be im
pute
d to
th
eem
plo
yee.
Art
icle
23.Ñ (1) The n
on-com
petition c
lause
cannot have
as eff
ect
the em
plo
yeeÕs
absolu
tely
prohib
itio
n fr
om
exerc
isin
g h
is/h
er
pro
fess
ion o
r sp
ecia
lity
.(2
) Base
d on a notification by th
e em
plo
yee or
the
terr
itori
al fa
cto
ry insp
ecto
rate
, th
e c
om
pete
nt court
of
law
can d
imin
ish the e
ffects
of th
e n
on-com
petition c
lause
.Article
24.
Ñ In
th
e event
of
the em
plo
yee havin
gw
rongly
vio
late
d th
e non-com
petition cla
use
, he/s
he can
be obliged to
re
turn
th
e allow
ance and,
as
the case
m
ay
be,
pay dam
ages
corresp
ondin
g to
th
e lo
ss cause
d by
him
/her
to the e
mplo
yer.
Art
icle
25.
Ñ In
th
e m
obility cla
use
, th
e part
ies
in th
ein
div
idual
labour
contr
act
stip
ula
te th
at, consi
deri
ng th
ety
pic
al
featu
res
of
the w
ork
, th
e perf
orm
ance of
the jo
bduties
by th
e em
plo
yee sh
all not
take pla
ce in
a st
able
work
pla
ce. In
th
is case
, th
e em
plo
yee sh
all benefit
from
additio
nal cash
paym
ents
or
paym
ents
in k
ind.
Art
icle
26. Ñ (1) In
the c
onfidentiality
cla
use
, th
e p
art
ies
shall
agree th
at,
th
roughout
the durati
on of
the
perf
orm
ance of
the in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
and after
the te
rmin
ation th
ere
of, th
ey sh
all not
transm
it data
or
info
rmation th
ey have le
arn
t duri
ng th
e perf
orm
ance of
the contr
act, under
the te
rms
set
by th
e com
panyÕs ru
les
and regula
tions,
in coll
ecti
ve la
bour contr
acts
or
indiv
idual la
bour
contr
acts
.(2
) The n
on-com
pliance w
ith this
cla
use
by e
ither
of th
epart
ies
enta
ils
the obligation of
the part
y at
fault to
pay
dam
ages.
Labour
Code
180
peri
od o
f 30 c
ale
ndar
days
at th
e m
ost
may b
e e
stablish
ed
for
executive p
osi
tions, a
nd 9
0 c
ale
ndar
days
at
the m
ost
for
managem
ent posi
tions.
(2)
The c
heck o
f pro
fess
ional
abilitie
s w
hen e
mplo
yin
gdis
able
d p
ers
ons
shall b
e b
ase
d o
nly
on a
tri
al peri
od o
f 50
cale
ndar
days
at th
e m
ost
.(3
) As
far
as
unsk
ille
d w
ork
ers
are
concern
ed, th
e t
rial
peri
od s
hall b
e e
xceptional and s
hall n
ot exceed 5
work
ing
days. (4) H
igher-education g
raduate
s sh
all b
e e
mplo
yed, at th
ebegin
nin
g o
f th
e e
mplo
ym
ent in
their
pro
fess
ion, base
d o
na tri
al peri
od o
f 3 to 6
month
s.(5
) Duri
ng t
he t
rial peri
od, th
e e
mplo
yee e
njo
ys
all t
he
rights
and h
as
all t
he o
bligations
stip
ula
ted i
n t
he l
abour
legis
lation,
the applicable
collective la
bour
contr
act, th
ecom
panyÕs r
ule
s and r
egula
tions, a
s w
ell a
s th
e indiv
idual
labour
contr
act.
Art
icle
32.
Ñ Duri
ng th
e perf
orm
ance of
an in
div
idual
labour
contr
act, there
can b
e o
nly
one tri
al peri
od.
(2) As
an e
xception, an e
mplo
yee c
an b
e s
ubje
cte
d t
o a
new
tr
ial
perio
d if
he/s
he sta
rts
a new
posit
ion or
profe
ssio
n w
ith th
e sa
me em
plo
yer,
or is
to
perfo
rm
his
/her
activity in
a w
ork
pla
ce under
difficult,
harm
ful,
or
dangero
us
conditio
ns.
(3)
The fa
ilure to
in
form
th
e em
plo
yee,
befo
re th
econclu
sio
n or am
endm
ent
of
the in
div
idual
labour
contr
act, a
bout
the t
rial peri
od, w
ithin
the t
erm
set
under
art
icle
14 (4), c
ause
s th
e e
mplo
yer
to b
e d
isqualified f
rom
checkin
g the e
mplo
yeeÕs a
bilitie
s by s
uch m
eans.
(4) The tri
al peri
od s
hall r
epre
sent le
ngth
of se
rvic
e.
Art
icle
33.
Ñ It
is
pro
hib
ited to
su
ccess
ively
em
plo
ym
ore
th
an th
ree pers
ons
for
tria
l peri
ods
for
the sa
me
posi
tion.
Art
icle
34. Ñ (1) Each e
mplo
yer
must
est
ablish
a g
enera
lbook o
f th
e e
mplo
yees.
(2)
The genera
l book of
the em
plo
yees
shall be firs
tre
gis
tere
d w
ith t
he c
om
pete
nt
public a
uth
ori
ty, accord
ing
to th
e la
w,
whic
h has
juri
sdic
tion over
the em
plo
yerÕs
resi
dence or
head offic
e, re
spectively
, after
whic
h date
it
becom
es
an o
ffic
ial docum
ent.
Law
no. 53/2
003
183
wate
r supply
unit
s,
in childrenÕs
collecti
vit
ies,
or in
medic
al
inst
itutions, accord
ing to
th
e re
gula
tions
of
the
Min
istr
y o
f H
ealth a
nd F
am
ily;
g)
peri
odic
ally,
in th
e case
of
pers
ons
who w
ork
in
inst
itutions
without
risk
fa
cto
rs,
by m
eans
of
medic
al
exam
inations
diffe
rentiate
d per
age,
gender, and health
conditio
n,
accord
ing to
th
e re
gula
tions
in th
e collective
labour
contr
acts
.Art
icle
29.Ñ (1) The indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act
shall b
econclu
ded after
a pre
lim
inary
check of
the pro
fess
ional
and pers
onal
abilitie
s of
the pers
on apply
ing fo
r th
e jo
b.
(2)
The w
ays in
w
hic
h th
e check stipula
ted under
paragraph (1
) is
to
ta
ke pla
ce shall be set
up in
th
eapplicable
collective la
bour
contr
act, in
th
e pers
onnel
statu
s (p
rofe
ssio
nal or
dis
cip
linary
), a
nd i
n t
he c
om
panyÕs
rule
s and r
egula
tions, u
nle
ss t
he law
stipula
tes
oth
erw
ise.
(3)
The purp
ose
of
the in
form
ation re
quest
ed,
under
any form
, by the e
mplo
yer
from
the p
ers
on a
pply
ing for
ajo
b on th
e occasi
on of
the pre
lim
inary
check of
abilitie
scan only
be fo
r ass
ess
ing his
/her
capacity to
be in
th
at
posi
tion, as
well a
s his
/her
pro
fess
ional abilitie
s.(4
) The em
plo
yer
can re
quest
in
form
ation about
the
pers
on a
pply
ing f
or
a job f
rom
his
/her
form
er
em
plo
yers
,but
only
as
regard
s th
e d
uties
carr
ied o
ut
and t
he l
ength
of
that
em
plo
ym
ent, a
nd p
rovid
ed t
he p
ers
on i
n q
uest
ion
has
been info
rmed in a
dvance.
Art
icle
30.
Ñ (1
) In
public in
stitutions
and auth
ori
ties,
and oth
er
budgeta
ry in
stitutions, pers
onnel
em
plo
ym
ent
can o
nly
take p
lace b
ase
d o
n a
conte
st o
r exam
ination, as
the c
ase
may b
e.
(2)
Vacancie
s exis
ting in
th
e list
of
posi
tions
shall be
opened to
conte
st, dependin
g on th
e needs of
each
inst
itution s
tipula
ted u
nder
para
gra
ph (1).
(3)
If,
for
the conte
st org
anis
ed fo
r fillin
g a vacancy,
several
candid
ate
s have not
ente
red th
e conte
st, th
eem
plo
ym
ent sh
all b
e d
ecid
ed b
y a
n e
xam
ination.
(4) The t
erm
s fo
r org
anis
ing a
conte
st/e
xam
ination a
nd
the m
anner
in w
hic
h it ta
kes
pla
ce sh
all be se
t by th
ere
gula
tions
appro
ved in a
Govern
ment decis
ion.
Art
icle
31.Ñ (1) To c
heck t
he a
bilitie
s of
the e
mplo
yee,
on the c
onclu
sion o
f th
e indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act, a
tri
al
Labour
Code
182
shall b
e e
stablish
ed a
ccord
ing t
o t
he l
aw
, by n
egotiations,
wit
hin
th
e collecti
ve la
bour contr
acts
and in
div
idual
labour
contr
acts
.Article
38.
Ñ Em
plo
yees cannot
giv
e up th
e rig
hts
recognis
ed by th
e la
w.
Any tr
ansa
ction w
hose
aim
is
to
giv
e u
p t
he r
ights
recognis
ed b
y t
he l
aw
to e
mplo
yees
or
to lim
it s
uch r
ights
shall b
e r
endere
d v
oid
.Art
icle
39.
Ñ (1
) The em
plo
yeeÕs m
ain
ri
ghts
are
as
follow
s:a)
the ri
ght
to re
ceiv
e w
ages
for
the w
ork
perf
orm
ed;
b) th
e r
ight to
a d
aily a
nd w
eekly
rest
;c) th
e r
ight to
an a
nnual holiday;
d) th
e r
ight to
equal chances
and tre
atm
ent;
e) th
e r
ight to
dig
nity o
f la
bour;
f) the r
ight to
labour
safe
ty a
nd h
ealth;
g) th
e r
ight of access
to v
ocational tr
ain
ing;
h) th
e r
ight to
info
rmation a
nd c
onsu
ltation;
i) th
e rig
ht
to ta
ke part
in th
e dete
rm
ination and
impro
vem
ent of th
e w
ork
conditio
ns
and e
nvir
onm
ent;
j) th
e rig
ht
to prote
cti
on as fa
r as dis
mis
sal
isconcern
ed;
k) th
e r
ight to
collective a
nd indiv
idual negotiation;
l) the r
ight to
part
icip
ate
in c
ollective a
ctions;
m) th
e r
ight to
est
ablish
or
join
a tra
de u
nio
n.
(2) The e
mplo
yeeÕs m
ain
obligations
are
as
follow
s:a) th
e o
bligation to a
ccom
plish
his
/her
work
load o
r, a
sth
e case
m
ay be, to
m
eet
his
/her
duties
accord
ing to
th
ejo
b d
esc
ription;
b) th
e o
bligation to o
bse
rve w
ork
dis
cip
line;
c)
the obligati
on to
observe th
e provis
ions of
the
com
panyÕs
rule
s and regula
tions,
of
the appli
cable
collective la
bour
contr
act, as
well as
of
the in
div
idual
labour
contr
act;
d)
the obli
gati
on of
fideli
ty to
th
e em
plo
yer in
perf
orm
ing h
is/h
er
job d
uties;
e) th
e o
bligation t
o o
bse
rve labour
safe
ty a
nd h
ealth in
the c
om
pany;
f) the o
bligation to o
bse
rve the p
rofe
ssio
nal se
cre
cy.
Art
icle
40.
Ñ (1
) The em
plo
yerÕ
s m
ain
ri
ghts
are
as
follow
s:
Law
no. 53/2
003
185
(3) The g
enera
l book o
f th
e e
mplo
yees
shall b
e fille
d o
ut
in order of
em
plo
ym
ent
and shall
com
pris
e th
eid
entification ele
ments
of
all em
plo
yees, th
e ele
ments
chara
cterising their labour
contr
act
s, a
s w
ell a
s all s
ituations
whic
h occ
ur
during th
e perf
orm
ance
of
work
re
lations
inco
nnect
ion w
ith th
e execu
tion, am
endm
ent, su
spension or
term
ination o
f th
e indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act
.(4
) The g
enera
l book o
f th
e e
mplo
yees
shall b
e k
ept
at
the em
plo
yerÕs
resi
dence or
head offic
e, re
spectively
, and
it s
hall b
e p
laced a
t th
e d
isposa
l of th
e facto
ry insp
ecto
r or
any o
ther
auth
ori
ty r
equest
ing it, a
ccord
ing to the law
.(5
) At th
e e
mplo
yeeÕs r
equest
, th
e e
mplo
yer
must
iss
ue a
docum
ent
attest
ing t
he f
orm
erÕs
activity, le
ngth
of
serv
ice
in h
is/h
er
trade a
nd s
pecia
lity
.(6
) In
case
of te
rmin
ation o
f th
e e
mplo
yerÕs
activity, th
egenera
l book o
f th
e e
mplo
yees
shall b
e d
eposi
ted w
ith the
com
pete
nt
public auth
ori
ty,
accord
ing to
th
e la
w,
whic
hhas
juri
sdic
tion over
the em
plo
yerÕs
resi
dence or
head
offic
e, re
spectively
, as
the c
ase
may b
e.
(7) The m
eth
odolo
gy f
or
pre
pari
ng t
he g
enera
l book o
fth
e e
mplo
yees, t
he r
ecord
ings
to b
e m
ade, as
well a
s any
oth
er
ele
ments
rela
ted t
o m
akin
g t
hem
shall b
e s
tipula
ted
in a
Govern
ment decis
ion.
Art
icle
35.Ñ (1) Any e
mplo
yee s
hall b
e e
ntitled t
o h
old
concurr
ently s
evera
l posi
tions, b
ase
d o
n i
ndiv
idual la
bour
contr
acts
, w
ith the a
dequate
wages
for
each o
f th
em
.(2
) Exceptions
to th
e pro
vis
ions
of
para
gra
ph (1
) sh
all
be t
he c
ase
s w
hen t
he l
aw
stipula
tes
incom
patibilitie
s fo
rhold
ing c
oncurr
ently s
om
e p
osi
tions.
(3)
Em
plo
yees
who hold
concurr
ently se
vera
l posi
tions
shall have to
decla
re to
each em
plo
yer
the pla
ce w
here
he/s
he e
xerc
ises
the p
osi
tion h
e/s
he d
eem
s as
basi
c.
Article
36.
Ñ Foreig
n and sta
tele
ss citiz
ens can be
em
plo
yed under
an in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
base
d on
the w
ork
perm
it iss
ued a
ccord
ing to the law
.
CH
APTER I
I
Ex
ec
uti
on
of
the
in
div
idu
al
lab
ou
r c
on
tra
ct
Art
icle
37.Ñ T
he r
ights
and o
bligations
concern
ing t
he
work
re
lations
betw
een th
e em
plo
yer
and th
e em
plo
yee
Labour
Code
184
(2)
As
an exception,
the unilate
ral
am
endm
ent
of
the
indiv
idual
labour
contr
act
shall only
be poss
ible
in
th
ecase
s and under
the conditio
ns
stip
ula
ted by th
e pre
sent
code.
(3) Am
endm
ents
to t
he i
ndiv
idual la
bour
contr
act
shall
refe
r to
any o
f th
e follow
ing e
lem
ents
:a) le
ngth
of th
e c
ontr
act;
b) w
ork
pla
ce;
c) kin
d o
f w
ork
;d) w
ork
conditio
ns;
e) w
ages;
f) w
ork
ing tim
e a
nd r
est
tim
e.
Arti
cle
42.
Ñ (1
) The w
ork pla
ce can be m
odif
ied
unilate
rally b
y t
he e
mplo
yer
by d
ele
gating o
r te
mpora
rily
secondin
g th
e em
plo
yee to
a w
ork
pla
ce oth
er
than th
eone s
tipula
ted in the indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act.
(2)
Duri
ng th
e dele
gation or
secondm
ent, re
spectively
,th
e em
plo
yee sh
all pre
serv
e his
/her
posi
tion and all th
eoth
er
rights
st
ipula
ted in
th
e in
div
idual
labour
contr
act.
Art
icle
43.
Ñ The dele
gation re
pre
sents
th
e te
mpora
ryexerc
ise b
y t
he e
mplo
yee, base
d o
n t
he e
mplo
yerÕs
ord
er,
of
work
s or
ass
ignm
ents
corr
esp
ondin
g to
th
e jo
b duties,
outs
ide h
is/h
er
work
pla
ce.
Art
icle
44.
Ñ (1
) The dele
gation can be ord
ere
d fo
r a
peri
od n
ot
exceedin
g 6
0 d
ays, a
nd c
an b
e e
xte
nded, base
don the e
mplo
yeeÕs c
onse
nt, b
y 6
0 d
ays
at th
e m
ost
.(2
) The dele
gate
d em
plo
yee sh
all be entitled to
th
epaym
ent
of
travellin
g and accom
modation expense
s, as
well a
s of
a d
ele
gation a
llow
ance, under
the t
erm
s of
the
law
or
of th
e a
pplicable
collective labour
contr
act.
Art
icle
45.
Ñ The se
condm
ent
is th
e action w
here
by a
tem
pora
ry c
hange in the w
ork
pla
ce is
pro
vid
ed for, b
ase
don th
e em
plo
yerÕs
ord
er, w
ith anoth
er
em
plo
yer, fo
r th
epurp
ose
of
perf
orm
ing s
om
e w
ork
s in
the latterÕs
inte
rest
.In
th
is exceptional
case
, a se
condm
ent
can also m
ean a
change in
th
e kin
d of
work,
but
only
based on th
eem
plo
yeeÕs w
ritten c
onse
nt.
Art
icle
46.
Ñ (1
) A se
condm
ent
can be ord
ere
d fo
r a
peri
od n
ot exceedin
g o
ne y
ear.
(2)
In th
is excepti
onal
case,
the perio
d of
the
secondm
ent
can be exte
nded fo
r obje
cti
ve reasons
Law
no. 53/2
003
187
a)
to se
t up th
e organis
ation and operation of
the
com
pany;
b) to
est
ablish
the d
uties
of each e
mplo
yee, accord
ing to
the law
;c) to
iss
ue m
andato
ry o
rders
to t
he e
mplo
yee, pro
vid
ed
these
are
legal;
d) to
exert
contr
ol over
the w
ay in w
hic
h the job d
uties
are
carr
ied o
ut;
e)
to find w
heth
er
depart
ure
s fr
om
dis
cip
line have
taken pla
ce and to
in
flic
t th
e adequate
sancti
ons,
accordin
g to
th
e la
w,
the applicable
collective la
bour
contr
act, a
nd the c
om
panyÕs r
ule
s and r
egula
tions.
(2) The e
mplo
yerÕs
main
obligations
are
as
follow
s:a) to
info
rm the e
mplo
yees
on the w
ork
conditio
ns
and
ele
ments
regard
ing the p
rogre
ss o
f w
ork
rela
tions;
b)
to
provid
e
perm
anentl
y
the
technic
al
and
org
anisational
conditio
ns
envisaged w
hen th
e w
ork
lo
ads
had b
een d
evised, and the a
dequate
work
conditio
ns;
c)
to gra
nt
the em
plo
yees
all th
e ri
ghts
deri
vin
g fr
om
the l
aw
, th
e a
pplicable
collective l
abour
contr
act, a
nd t
he
indiv
idual la
bour
contr
acts
;d)
to in
form
perio
dic
ally th
e em
plo
yees about
the
com
panyÕs e
conom
ic a
nd fin
ancia
l posi
tion;
e)
to c
onsu
lt w
ith t
he t
rade u
nio
n o
r, a
s th
e c
ase
may
be, th
e em
plo
yeesÕ re
pre
senta
tives
on th
e decis
ions
likely
to a
ffect su
bst
antially their
rig
hts
and inte
rest
s;f) to p
ay a
ll the c
ontr
ibutions
and taxes
whic
h fall u
pon
him
, as
well a
s to
withhold
and t
ransf
er
the c
ontr
ibutions
and taxes
due b
y the e
mplo
yees, a
ccord
ing to the law
;g)
to est
ablish
th
e genera
l book of
the em
plo
yees
and
make the r
ecord
ings
stip
ula
ted b
y the law
;h)
to i
ssue, on r
equest
, all t
he d
ocum
ents
attest
ing t
he
petitionerÕs
em
plo
yee s
tatu
s;i) to
m
ake sure th
e em
plo
yeesÕ
personal
data
are
confidential.
CH
APTER I
II
Am
en
dm
en
ts t
o t
he
in
div
idu
al
lab
ou
r c
on
tra
ct
Art
icle
41. Ñ (1) The indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act can o
nly
be a
mended b
ase
d o
n the p
art
iesÕ c
onse
nt.
Labour
Code
186
CH
APTER I
V
Su
sp
en
sio
n o
f th
e i
nd
ivid
ua
l la
bo
ur c
on
tra
ct
Art
icle
49.Ñ (1) The s
usp
ensi
on o
f th
e indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act
can ta
ke pla
ce de ju
re,
base
d on th
e part
iesÕ
conse
nt, or
thro
ugh th
e unilate
ral
action of
one of
the
part
ies.
(2) The s
usp
ensi
on o
f th
e indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act has
as
an e
ffect th
e s
usp
ensi
on o
f th
e p
erf
orm
ance o
f w
ork
by
the e
mplo
yee a
nd o
f th
e p
aym
ent of th
e w
age e
ntitlem
ents
by the e
mplo
yer.
(3)
Throughout
the suspensio
n,
oth
er rig
hts
and
obligations
than t
hose
stipula
ted u
nder
para
gra
ph (
2)
can
go o
n e
xis
ting u
nle
ss o
therw
ise s
tipula
ted b
y s
pecia
l la
ws,
the a
pplicable
collective labour
contr
act, indiv
idual la
bour
contr
acts
, or
the c
om
panyÕs r
ule
s and r
egula
tions.
(4) In
the e
vent
of
the indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act
bein
gsu
spended because
of
a fa
ct
imputa
ble
to
th
e em
plo
yee,
thro
ughout th
e s
usp
ensi
on the latter
shall n
ot enjo
y a
ny o
fth
e r
ights
deri
vin
g fro
m h
is/h
er
posi
tion a
s em
plo
yee.
Art
icle
50.
Ñ The in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
shall be
susp
ended d
e jure
under
the follow
ing c
ircum
stances:
a) m
ate
rnity leave;
b) le
ave for
tem
pora
ry indust
rial dis
able
ment;
c) quara
ntine;
d) com
pulsory
military
serv
ice;
e) exerc
ise o
f m
anageri
al fu
nctions
within
an e
xecutive,
legis
lative,
or
court
auth
ori
ty,
thro
ughout
the te
rm of
offic
e;
f) hold
ing a paid
m
anagem
ent
positio
n in
a tr
ade
unio
n;
g) case
of abso
lute
necess
ity;
h)
if th
e em
plo
yee is
ta
ken in
to pre
ventive cust
ody
accord
ing to the r
ule
s of cri
min
al pro
cedure
;h) in
oth
er
case
s expre
ssly
stipula
ted b
y the law
.Art
icle
51.
Ñ The in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
can be
suspended on th
e em
plo
yeeÕs
in
itia
tive,
under th
efo
llow
ing c
ircum
stances:
a) le
ave for
rais
ing a
child u
p to the a
ge o
f 2, or, in c
ase
of a d
isable
d c
hild, up to the a
ge o
f 3;
Law
no. 53/2
003
189
requir
ing t
he e
mplo
yeeÕs p
rese
nce w
ith t
he e
mplo
yer
who
ord
ere
d th
e se
condm
ent, base
d on both
part
iesÕ conse
nt,
every
six
month
s.(3
) The em
plo
yee can decline th
e se
condm
ent
ord
ere
dby his
/her
em
plo
yer
only
in
exceptional
case
s, and fo
rgood p
ers
onal gro
unds.
(4)
The se
conded em
plo
yee sh
all be entitled to
th
epaym
ent
of
travellin
g and accom
modation expense
s, as
well a
s of a s
econdm
ent allow
ance, under
the term
s of th
ela
w o
r of th
e a
pplicable
collective labour
contr
act.
Arti
cle
47.
Ñ (1
) The em
plo
yer w
ith w
hom
th
ese
condm
ent has
been o
rdere
d s
hall g
rant th
e r
ights
due to
the s
econded e
mplo
yee.
(2)
For
the dura
tion of
the se
condm
ent, th
e em
plo
yee
shall enjo
y th
e m
ore fa
vourable
rig
hts
, eit
her th
ose
com
ing fr
om
th
e em
plo
yer
who ord
ere
d th
e se
condm
ent,
or
those
com
ing fr
om
th
e em
plo
yer
to w
hom
he w
as
seconded.
(3)
The em
plo
yer
ord
eri
ng th
e se
condm
ent
shall be
under
on o
bligation to take the n
ecess
ary
ste
ps
so that th
eem
plo
yer to
w
hom
th
e se
condm
ent
has
been ordered
meets
all th
e obligations
to th
e se
conded em
plo
yee fu
lly
and in d
ue tim
e.
(4)
If t
he e
mplo
yer
to w
hom
the s
econdm
ent
has
been
ord
ere
d d
oes
not
meet
all t
he o
bligations
to t
he s
econded
em
plo
yee f
ully a
nd i
n d
ue t
ime, su
ch o
bligations
shall b
em
et by the e
mplo
yer
havin
g o
rdere
d the s
econdm
ent.
(5) If t
here
is
dis
agre
em
ent
betw
een t
he t
wo e
mplo
yers
or
if n
one o
f th
em
meets
his
obligations
accord
ing t
o t
he
provis
ions of
paragraphs (1
) and (2
), th
e seconded
em
plo
yee i
s entitled t
o r
etu
rn t
o h
is/h
er
work
pla
ce w
ith
the em
plo
yer
havin
g se
conded him
/her, to
ta
ke action
again
st either
of
the tw
o em
plo
yers
, and to
ask
fo
r th
eenfo
rced fulfilm
ent of th
e o
bligations.
Art
icle
48. Ñ T
he e
mplo
yer
can t
em
pora
rily
change t
he
pla
ce and kin
d of
work
, w
ithout
the em
plo
yeeÕs conse
nt,
als
o in
case of
absolu
te necessit
y,
as a dis
cip
linary
sanction, or
as
a m
easu
re f
or
pro
tecting t
he e
mplo
yee, in
the case
s and under
the te
rms
stip
ula
ted by th
e pre
sent
code.
Labour
Code
188
Art
icle
54.
Ñ The in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
can be
suspended,
based on th
e parti
esÕ
consent, in
case of
unpaid
leave for
studie
s or
for
pers
onal in
tere
sts.
CH
APTER V
Te
rm
ina
tio
n o
f th
e i
nd
ivid
ua
l la
bo
ur c
on
tra
ct
Art
icle
55.
Ñ The in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
can be
term
inate
d a
s fo
llow
s:a) de jure
;b) base
d o
n the p
art
iesÕ c
onse
nt, o
n the d
ate
agre
ed u
pon;
c) as
a r
esu
lt o
f th
e u
nilate
ral w
ill of one o
f th
e p
art
ies,
in th
e case
s and under
the te
rms
lim
itedly
st
ipula
ted by
the law
.
Section 1
De ju
rete
rmin
ation o
f th
e indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act
Art
icle
56.
Ñ The in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
is de ju
rete
rmin
ate
d:
a)
on th
e date
of
the death
of
the em
plo
yee or
em
plo
yer, if he/s
he is
a n
atu
ral entity
;b)
on th
e date
a final
judgm
ent
is delivere
d, decla
ring
the death
or
pla
cin
g under
inte
rdic
tion of
the em
plo
yee
or
of th
e e
mplo
yer, if he/s
he is
a n
atu
ral entity
, and if th
iscause
s th
e b
usi
ness
liq
uid
ation;
c) a
s a r
esu
lt o
f th
e d
isso
lution o
f th
e e
mplo
yer, if th
is is
a legal entity
, fr
om
the d
ate
the legal entity
cease
s to
exist;
d)
on th
e date
th
e st
andard
age conditio
ns
and th
em
inim
um
peri
od o
f contr
ibution a
re c
um
ula
tively
met, o
r,as
the c
ase
may b
e, on the d
ate
the d
ecis
ion o
f re
tire
ment
for
age
lim
it
or
dis
abil
ity
of
the
em
plo
yee
iscom
munic
ate
d, accord
ing to the law
;e)
as
a re
sult of
findin
g th
e abso
lute
nullity of
the
indiv
idual
labour
contr
act, fr
om
th
e date
th
e nullity w
as
found b
ase
d o
n t
he p
art
iesÕ c
onse
nt, o
r a f
inal
judgm
ent;
f) as
a re
sult of
the adm
itta
nce of
the petition fo
rre
inst
ating in
th
e posi
tion occupie
d by th
e em
plo
yee a
pers
on dis
mis
sed unla
wfu
lly or
for
ill-fo
unded gro
unds,
from
the d
ate
the fin
al ju
dgm
ent is
delivere
d;
g) as
a r
esu
lt o
f a c
rim
inal se
nte
nce to b
e s
erv
ed o
n the
job, fr
om
the d
ate
of is
suance o
f th
e s
erv
ing w
arr
ant;
Law
no. 53/2
003
191
b) le
ave f
or
lookin
g a
fter
a s
ick c
hild u
p to the a
ge o
f 7
or, in c
ase
of a d
isable
d c
hild, fo
r in
terc
urr
ent dis
ease
s, u
pto
the a
ge o
f 18;
c) pate
rnal le
ave;
d) vocational tr
ain
ing leave;
e) exerc
ise o
f ele
cte
d p
osi
tions
within
vocational bodie
sest
ablish
ed a
t th
e c
entr
al or
local le
vel, for
the e
ntire
term
of offic
e;
f) p
art
icip
ation in a
str
ike;
g) abse
nces
without le
ave.
Art
icle
52.Ñ (1
) The in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
can be
suspended on th
e em
plo
yerÕs
in
itia
tive under th
efo
llow
ing c
ircum
stances:
a)
duri
ng a
pre
lim
inary
dis
cip
linary
inquir
y, accord
ing
to the law
;b) as
a d
iscip
linary
sanction;
c) if the e
mplo
yer
has
lodged a
penal com
pla
int again
stth
e em
plo
yee or th
e la
tter has
been se
nt
to tr
ial
for
cri
min
al actions
inconsi
stent w
ith h
is/h
er
posi
tion, until a
final ju
dgm
ent is
delivere
d;
d)
in th
e event
of
a te
mporary dis
conti
nuance of
busin
ess,
wit
hout
the te
rm
inati
on of
the la
bour
rela
tionship
, especia
lly fo
r econom
ic,
technolo
gic
al,
stru
ctu
ral re
aso
ns
and the lik
e;
e) fo
r th
e d
ura
tion o
f th
e s
econdm
ent.
(2) As
far
as
the c
ase
s st
ipula
ted u
nder
para
gra
ph (1) c)
are concerned,
if th
e person in
questi
on is
proved
innocent, th
e em
plo
yee sh
all re
sum
e his
/her
pre
vio
us
activity a
nd a
n i
ndem
nity s
hall b
e p
aid
to h
im/h
er
equal
to t
he w
ages
and o
ther
entitlem
ents
he/s
he w
as
depri
ved
of duri
ng the c
ontr
act su
spensi
on.
Art
icle
53.
Ñ (1
) For
the dura
tion of
the te
mpora
rydis
continuance o
f th
e e
mplo
yerÕs
busi
ness
, th
e e
mplo
yees
shall b
enefit fr
om
an a
llow
ance, paid
fro
m the w
age fund,
whic
h cannot
be le
ss th
an 75% of
the basic
w
age
corr
esp
ondin
g to that w
ork
pla
ce.
(2)
For
the dura
tion of
the te
mpora
ry dis
continuance
stip
ula
ted u
nder
para
gra
ph (
1), t
he e
mplo
yees
shall b
e a
tth
e d
isposa
l of th
e e
mplo
yer, w
ho c
an o
rder
the a
ctivity to
be r
esu
med a
t any tim
e.
Labour
Code
190
(2) The d
ism
issa
l can b
e o
rdere
d f
or
reaso
ns
rela
ted t
oth
e e
mplo
yeeÕs p
ers
on o
r fo
r re
aso
ns
whic
h a
re n
ot re
late
dto
the e
mplo
yeeÕs p
ers
on.
Art
icle
59.Ñ It sh
all b
e p
rohib
ited to d
ism
iss
em
plo
yees:
a)
base
d o
n c
rite
ria s
uch a
s gender, s
exual
ori
enta
tion,
genetic c
hara
cte
rist
ics, a
ge, national ori
gin
, ra
ce, colo
ur
of
the sk
in,
eth
nic
ori
gin
, re
ligio
n,
political
option,
socia
lori
gin
, dis
ability,
fam
ily st
atu
s or
resp
onsi
bility,
trade
unio
n m
em
bers
hip
or
activity;
b) fo
r th
e e
xerc
ise, under
the t
erm
s of
the law
, of
their
right to
str
ike a
nd tra
de u
nio
n r
ights
.Article
60.Ñ (1) Em
plo
yeesÕ d
ism
issa
l sh
all n
ot be o
rdere
d:
a)
for th
e durati
on of
the te
mporary in
dustr
ial
dis
able
ment, as esta
blished in
a m
edic
al
certi
ficate
accord
ing to the law
;b) fo
r th
e d
ura
tion o
f th
e q
uara
ntine leave;
c) fo
r th
e d
ura
tion a
n e
mplo
yed w
om
an i
s pre
gnant, i
fth
e e
mplo
yer
learn
t about th
is fact pri
or
to the iss
uance o
fth
e d
ism
issa
l decis
ion;
d) fo
r th
e d
ura
tion o
f th
e m
ate
rnity leave;
e) fo
r th
e d
ura
tion o
f th
e leave for ra
isin
g a
child u
p to the
age o
f 2, or, in c
ase
of a d
isable
d c
hild, up to the a
ge o
f 3;
f) leave f
or
lookin
g a
fter
a s
ick c
hild u
p t
o t
he a
ge o
f 7
or, in c
ase
of a d
isable
d c
hild, fo
r in
terc
urr
ent dis
ease
s, u
pto
the a
ge o
f 18;
g) fo
r th
e d
ura
tion o
f th
e m
ilitary
serv
ice;
h) fo
r th
e d
ura
tion o
f th
e e
xerc
ise o
f an e
lecte
d p
osi
tion
in a tr
ade unio
n body,
except
when th
e dis
mis
sal
isordered fo
r a serio
us in
fracti
on of
dis
cip
line or fo
rre
peate
d infr
actions
of dis
cip
line b
y that em
plo
yee;
i) for
the d
ura
tion o
f th
e leave.
(2)
The pro
visio
ns
of
para
gra
ph (1
) sh
all not
apply
in
case
s of dism
issa
l fo
r re
aso
ns
due to the e
mplo
yerÕs
judic
ial
reorg
anisation o
r bankru
ptc
y, acc
ord
ing to the law
.
Section 3
Dis
mis
sal fo
r re
asons r
ela
ted to the e
mplo
yeeÕs
pers
on
Art
icle
61.Ñ T
he e
mplo
yer
can o
rder
the d
ism
issa
l fo
rreasons rela
ted to
th
e em
plo
yeeÕs
person under th
efo
llow
ing c
ircum
stances:
Law
no. 53/2
003
193
c. 13
h)
from
th
e date
of
withdraw
al, by th
e com
pete
nt
auth
ori
ties
or
bodie
s, of
the appro
vals,
auth
ori
sations, or
cert
ific
ations
necess
ary
for
exerc
isin
g o
neÕs p
rofe
ssio
n;
i) a
s a r
esu
lt o
f th
e inte
rdic
tion to e
xerc
ise a
pro
fess
ion
or an off
ice,
as a safe
ty m
easure or com
ple
menta
ry
punis
hm
ent, fr
om
th
e date
th
e final
judgm
ent
ord
eri
ng
the inte
rdic
tion w
as
delivere
d;
j) o
n the e
xpir
y o
f th
e d
eadline o
f th
e indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act conclu
ded for
a d
efinite term
;k) fr
om
the d
ate
of
withdra
wal
of
the p
are
nts
Õ or
legal
repre
senta
tivesÕ conse
nt, fo
r em
plo
yees
whose
ages
range
betw
een 1
5 a
nd 1
6 y
ears
.Art
icle
57.Ñ (
1)
The f
ailure
to c
om
ply
with a
ny o
f th
enecess
ary
law
ful conditio
ns
for
the v
alid c
onclu
sion o
f th
ein
div
idual la
bour
contr
act enta
ils
its
nullity.
(2)
The findin
g of
the nullity of
the in
div
idual
labour
contr
act sh
all h
ave e
ffects
in the futu
re.
(3) The n
ullity o
f th
e i
ndiv
idual la
bour
contr
act
can b
eannulled by th
e su
bse
quent
obse
rvance of
the conditio
ns
impose
d b
y the law
.(4
) If a
cla
use
is
vitia
ted b
y n
ullity, si
nce i
t est
ablish
es
rights
or
obligations
for
the e
mplo
yees, w
hic
h c
ontr
avene
to so
me im
pera
tive la
wfu
l norm
s or
applicable
collective
labour
contr
acts
th
is sh
all be re
pla
ced de ju
reby th
eapplicable
la
wfu
l or conventional
provis
ions,
and th
eem
plo
yee s
hall b
e e
ntitled to indem
nitie
s.(5
) A pers
on w
ho has
work
ed w
ithin
a null in
div
idual
labour
contr
act is
entitled to its
paym
ent in
rela
tion to the
way in w
hic
h job a
ssig
nm
ents
have b
een a
ccom
plish
ed.
(6)
The findin
g of
nullity and th
e se
ttin
g up of
the
effects
there
of can b
e d
one b
y c
onse
nt of th
e p
art
ies.
(7)
If th
e part
ies
do not
com
e to
an agre
em
ent, th
enullity s
hall b
e d
elivere
d b
y the judic
ial auth
ori
ty.
Section 2
Dis
mis
sal
Arti
cle
58.
Ñ (1
) The dis
mis
sal
represents
th
ete
rm
ination of
the in
div
idual
labour contr
act
on th
eem
plo
yerÕs
initia
tive.
Labour
Code
192
(2) If the e
mplo
yer
has
no v
acant posi
tions
accord
ing to
para
gra
ph (1
), he sh
all ask
th
e te
rritori
al
em
plo
ym
ent
agency fo
r su
pport
in
th
e re
deplo
ym
ent
of
the em
plo
yee
accord
ing to
his
/her
pro
fess
ional
train
ing or, as
the case
may be,
to his
/her w
ork capabil
ity assessed by th
ecom
pany docto
r,
and shall subsequentl
y in
form
th
eem
plo
yee a
bout th
e s
olu
tions
pro
pose
d b
y the a
gency.
(3) The e
mplo
yee s
hall h
ave a
t his
/her
dis
posa
l a p
eri
od
of
3 w
ork
ing days
from
th
e em
plo
yerÕs
com
munic
ation
accord
ing to
th
e pro
vis
ions
of
para
gra
phs
(1)
and (2
) to
state
expre
ssly
his
/her
conse
nt
concern
ing th
e new
jo
boffere
d.
(4)
If th
e em
plo
yee does
not
state
expre
ssly
his
/her
conse
nt
within
the p
eri
od s
tipula
ted u
nder
para
gra
ph (3),
as
well as
if th
e te
rritori
al
em
plo
ym
ent
agency cannot
meet
its
obligation st
ipula
ted under
para
gra
ph (2
), th
eem
plo
yer
can o
rder
the e
mplo
yeeÕs d
ism
issa
l.(5
) In
th
e case
of
a dis
mis
sal
for
the re
aso
n st
ipula
ted
under
art
icle
61 c), th
e em
plo
yee sh
all benefit
from
a
com
pensati
on,
under th
e te
rm
s set
in th
e applicable
collective la
bour contr
act
or in
th
e in
div
idual
labour
contr
act, a
s th
e c
ase
may b
e.
Section 4
Dis
mis
sal fo
r re
asons n
ot re
late
d to the e
mplo
yeeÕs
pers
on
Art
icle
65.Ñ (1) The d
ism
issa
l fo
r re
aso
ns
not re
late
d to
the em
plo
yeeÕs pers
on sh
all re
pre
sent
the te
rmin
ation of
the i
ndiv
idual
labour
contr
act, c
ause
d b
y t
he s
uppre
ssio
nof
that
em
plo
yeeÕs posi
tion due to
econom
ic difficultie
s,te
chnolo
gic
al changes, o
r activity r
eorg
anis
ation.
(2) The s
uppre
ssio
n o
f a p
osi
tion m
ust
be e
ffective a
nd
have a
n a
ctu
al se
rious
cause
, one o
f th
ose
stipula
ted u
nder
para
gra
ph (1).
Art
icle
66.Ñ T
he d
ism
issa
l fo
r re
aso
ns
not re
late
d to the
em
plo
yeeÕs p
ers
on c
an b
e indiv
idual or
collective.
Article
67.
Ñ The em
plo
yees dis
mis
sed fo
r reasons
whic
h are
not
rela
ted to
th
eir
pers
ons
shall benefit
from
active m
easu
res
to c
ontr
ol unem
plo
ym
ent and c
an b
enefit
from
com
pensa
tions
under
the term
s st
ipula
ted b
y the law
and the a
pplicable
collective labour
contr
act.
Law
no. 53/2
003
195
a)
if t
he e
mplo
yee h
as
perp
etr
ate
d a
seri
ous
infr
action
or
repeate
d in
fractions
of
the w
ork
dis
cip
line re
gula
tions
or th
ose set
by th
e in
div
idual
labour contr
act, th
eapplicable
collective contr
act, or
the com
panyÕs ru
les
and
regula
tions, a
s a d
iscip
linary
sanction;
b) if the e
mplo
yee is
taken into
pre
ventive c
ust
ody for
aperi
od exceedin
g 60 days, under
the ru
les
of
cri
min
al
pro
cedure
;c)
if,
follow
ing a decis
ion of
the com
pete
nt
medic
al
invest
igation auth
ori
ties, it is
est
ablish
ed th
e physi
cal
unfitn
ess
and/o
r m
enta
l in
capacity o
f th
e e
mplo
yee, w
hic
hpre
vents
th
e la
tter
from
accom
plish
ing th
e duties
rela
ted
to h
is/h
er
work
pla
ce;
d)
if th
e em
plo
yee is
not
pro
fess
ionally fit
for
his
/her
job. Art
icle
62.Ñ (
1)
If t
he d
ism
issa
l ta
kes
pla
ce f
or
one o
fth
e r
easo
ns
stip
ula
ted u
nder
art
icle
61 b
)Ñd), the e
mplo
yer
shall iss
ue the d
ism
issa
l w
ithin
30 c
ale
ndar
days
from
the
date
of est
ablish
ing the d
ism
issa
l cause
.(2
) The decis
ion sh
all be is
sued in
w
riting and, under
penalty of
bein
g decla
red void
, it m
ust
be m
otivate
d de
facto
and de ju
reand com
pri
se deta
ils
about
the peri
od
within
whic
h it
can b
e c
onte
sted a
nd t
he c
ourt
where
the
com
pla
int is
lodged.
Art
icle
63.
Ñ (
1)
The d
ism
issa
l fo
r a s
eri
ous
infr
action
or
repeate
d in
fraction of
the w
ork
dis
cip
line re
gula
tions
can only
be ord
ere
d after
the em
plo
yer
has
com
ple
ted a
pre
lim
inary
dis
cip
linary
in
quir
y,
and w
ithin
th
e peri
ods
set by the p
rese
nt code.
(2)
The pro
cedure
of
the pre
lim
inary
in
quir
y is
als
om
andato
ry in c
ase
s of dis
mis
sal due to the e
mplo
yee b
ein
gpro
fess
ionally u
nfit. T
he term
s and p
eriods of th
e p
relim
inary
inquiry a
re those
stipula
ted for
the d
isciplinary
inquiry.
Art
icle
64.
Ñ (1
) If
th
e dis
mis
sal
is ord
ere
d fo
r th
ere
aso
ns
stip
ula
ted u
nder
art
icle
61 c
) and d
), a
s w
ell a
s if
the in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
has
cease
d de ju
reunder
art
icle
56 f),
the em
plo
yer
must
su
ggest
to
th
e em
plo
yee
oth
er
vacant
posi
tions
in th
e com
pany,
consi
stent
with
his
/her profe
ssio
nal
train
ing or,
as th
e case m
ay be,
his
/her
work
capability a
ssess
ed b
y the facto
ry d
oct
or.
Labour
Code
194
a) th
e tota
l num
ber
and c
ate
gori
es
of em
plo
yees;
b) th
e r
easo
ns
for
the d
ism
issa
l;c)
the num
ber and cate
gorie
s of
em
plo
yees to
be
affecte
d b
y the d
ism
issa
l;d)
the cri
teri
a envis
aged,
accord
ing to
th
e la
w and/o
rcollective la
bour
contr
acts
, fo
r est
ablish
ing th
e dis
mis
sal
pri
ori
ty s
equence;
e)
the st
eps
consi
dere
d fo
r lim
itin
g th
e num
ber
of
dis
mis
sals;
f) th
e st
eps
for
mitig
ating th
e conse
quences
of
the
dis
mis
sal
and th
e com
pensa
tions
to be gra
nte
d to
th
eem
plo
yees
dis
mis
sed,
accord
ing to
th
e pro
vis
ions
of
the
law
and the a
pplicable
collective labour
contr
act;
g)
the date
on w
hic
h or
the peri
od duri
ng w
hic
h th
edis
mis
sals s
hall take p
lace;
h)
the p
eri
od i
n w
hic
h t
he t
rade u
nio
n o
r, a
s th
e c
ase
may be,
the em
plo
yeesÕ
representa
tives can m
ake
proposals
fo
r avoid
ing dis
mis
sals
or dim
inis
hin
g th
enum
ber
of em
plo
yees
dis
mis
sed.
(3)
The em
plo
yer
shall notify
th
e dis
mis
sal
pro
ject
toth
e te
rrit
oria
l la
bour in
specto
rate
and th
e te
rrit
oria
lem
plo
ym
ent agency o
n the s
am
e d
ate
the n
otification w
as
sent
to th
e tr
ade unio
n or, as
the case
m
ay be,
to th
eem
plo
yeesÕ r
epre
senta
tives.
Art
icle
71.Ñ T
he tra
de u
nio
n o
r, a
s th
e c
ase
may b
e, th
eem
plo
yeesÕ re
pre
senta
tives
may pro
pose
to
th
e em
plo
yer
ste
ps fo
r avoid
ing th
e dis
mis
sals
or dim
inis
hin
g th
enum
ber
of
em
plo
yees
dis
mis
sed, w
ithin
20 c
ale
ndar
days
of th
e d
ate
of re
ceip
t of th
e d
ism
issa
l pro
ject.
(2)
The em
plo
yer
shall re
ply
, in
w
riting and st
ating
good r
easo
ns, to the p
roposa
ls form
ula
ted a
ccord
ing to the
pro
vis
ions
of para
gra
ph (1), w
ithin
10 d
ays
of th
eir
receip
t.(3
) If
th
e asp
ects
re
late
d to
th
e collective dis
mis
sal
under
consi
dera
tion cannot
be so
lved w
ithin
45 days, as
stip
ula
ted under
art
icle
70 (1
), at
the re
quest
of
either
part
y,
the te
rritori
al
facto
ry in
specto
rate
m
ay ord
er
the
exte
nsi
on b
y 1
5 c
ale
ndar
days
at th
e m
ost
.Art
icle
72.
Ñ (1
) The em
plo
yer
who ord
ere
d collective
dis
mis
sals c
annot
em
plo
y n
ew
people
for
the p
osi
tions
of
the e
mplo
yees
dis
mis
sed f
or
a p
eri
od o
f 12 m
onth
s fr
om
the d
ate
of th
eir
dis
mis
sal.
Law
no. 53/2
003
197
Section 5
Collective d
ism
issal
Art
icle
68.
Ñ Collective dis
mis
sal
means
the dis
mis
sal,
within
30 c
ale
ndar
days, o
rdere
d f
or
one o
r m
ore
reaso
ns
of th
ose
stipula
ted u
nder
art
icle
65 (1), o
f:a)
at
least
5 em
plo
yees,
if th
e em
plo
yer w
ho is
dis
mis
sing th
em
has
more
th
an 20 em
plo
yees
and le
ssth
an 1
00 e
mplo
yees;
b) at le
ast
10% o
f th
e e
mplo
yees, if
the e
mplo
yer
who is
dis
mis
sing t
hem
has
at
least
100 e
mplo
yees
but
less
than
300 e
mplo
yees;
c)
at
least
30 em
plo
yees,
if th
e em
plo
yer w
ho is
dis
mis
sing them
has
at le
ast
300 e
mplo
yees.
Arti
cle
69.
Ñ As fa
r as coll
ecti
ve dis
mis
sals
are
concern
ed, th
e e
mplo
yer
has
the follow
ing o
bligations:
a)
to dra
w up a pla
n of
socia
l m
easu
res
or
of
anoth
er
type st
ipula
ted by th
e la
w or
the applicable
collective
contr
acts
, after
havin
g consu
lted th
e tr
ade unio
n or
the
em
plo
yees
repre
senta
tives;
b)
to pro
pose
vocational
train
ing pro
gra
mm
es
to th
eem
plo
yees;
c) to
pla
ce a
t th
e d
isposa
l of
the tra
de u
nio
n w
hic
h h
as
mem
bers
in
th
at
com
pany or, as
the case
m
ay be, to
th
eem
plo
yeesÕ re
pre
senta
tives
all th
e re
levant
info
rmation
about
the collective dis
mis
sal, w
ith a vie
w to
re
ceiv
ing
pro
posa
ls fro
m them
;d) w
ith a
vie
w t
o r
eachin
g a
com
mon p
oin
t of
vie
w, to
start
in d
ue tim
e c
onsu
ltations
with the tra
de u
nio
n o
r, a
sth
e case m
ay be,
the em
plo
yeesÕ
representa
tives,
concern
ing the m
eth
ods
and m
eans
for
avoid
ing c
ollective
dis
mis
sals
or dim
inis
hin
g th
e num
ber of
em
plo
yees
affecte
d a
nd m
itig
ating the c
onse
quences.
Art
icle
70.Ñ (1) The e
mplo
yer
shall n
otify
in w
riting the
trade unio
n or,
as th
e case m
ay be,
the em
plo
yeesÕ
repre
senta
tives
of his
inte
nt of collective d
ism
issa
l, a
t le
ast
45 cale
ndar
days
befo
re th
e is
suance of
the dis
mis
sal
decis
ions.
(2)
The notification of
the collective dis
mis
sal
inte
nt
shall take the f
orm
of
a c
ollective d
ism
issa
l pro
ject, w
hic
hsh
all c
om
pri
se:
Labour
Code
196
Art
icle
77.Ñ I
n t
he e
vent
of
an i
ndust
rial
conflic
t, t
he
em
plo
yer
cannot put fo
rward
in c
ourt
oth
er
de facto
or
de
jure
reaso
ns
than the o
nes
state
d in the d
ism
issa
l decis
ion.
Art
icle
78.Ñ (
1)
If t
he d
ism
issa
l w
as
not
well-g
rounded
or
was
unfa
ir, th
e c
ourt
shall r
ule
its
cance
llation a
nd forc
eth
e em
plo
yer
to pay an in
dem
nity equal
to th
e in
dexed,
incr
ease
d o
r update
d w
ages
and the o
ther
entitlem
ents
the
em
plo
yee w
ould
have o
therw
ise b
enefite
d fro
m.
(2) At th
e e
mplo
yeeÕs r
equest
, th
e c
ourt
whic
h r
ule
d the
cancellation of
the dis
mis
sal
shall re
store
th
e part
ies
toth
eir
sta
tus prio
r to
th
e is
suance of
the dis
mis
sal
docum
ent.
Section 8
Resig
nation
Art
icle
79.Ñ (1) Resi
gnation
means
the u
nilate
ral act of
wil
l of
the em
plo
yee w
ho,
by m
eans of
a w
rit
ten
noti
ficati
on,
shall
in
form
th
e em
plo
yer about
the
term
ination of
the in
div
idual
labour
contr
act, after
the
term
of notice h
as
ela
pse
d.
(2)
The em
plo
yerÕs
refu
sal
to re
gis
ter
the re
signation
shall giv
e th
e em
plo
yee th
e rig
ht
to prove it by any
ele
ments
of pro
of.
(3)
An em
plo
yee sh
all have th
e ri
ght
not
to m
otivate
his
/her
resi
gnation.
(4) The t
erm
of
notice s
hall b
e t
he o
ne a
gre
ed u
pon b
yth
e p
art
ies
in the indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act or, a
s th
e c
ase
may be,
the one st
ipula
ted in
th
e applicable
collective
labour
contr
acts
, and s
hall n
ot exceed 1
5 c
ale
ndar
days
for
em
plo
yees
in e
xecutive p
osi
tions, o
r 30 c
ale
ndar
days
for
em
plo
yees
in m
anagem
ent posi
tions, r
esp
ectively
.(5
) For
the d
ura
tion o
f th
e n
otice t
he indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act sh
all c
ontinue to take full e
ffects
.(6
) If, duri
ng t
he n
otice, th
e i
ndiv
idual
labour
contr
act
is suspended,
the te
rm
of
noti
ce shall be suspended
accord
ingly
.(7
) The in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
shall te
rmin
ate
on
the d
ate
of
expir
y o
f th
e term
of
notice o
r on the d
ate
the
em
plo
yer
giv
es
up that te
rm e
ntire
ly o
r part
ially.
Law
no. 53/2
003
199
(2)
If,
duri
ng th
is peri
od,
the em
plo
yer
resu
mes
the
activitie
s th
e te
rmin
ation of
whic
h had le
d to
collective
dis
mis
sals
, th
e em
plo
yees
havin
g been dis
mis
sed sh
all
have the r
ight to
be r
e-em
plo
yed in the p
osi
tions
they h
ad
had pre
vio
usly,
without
an exam
ination,
conte
st,
or
tria
lperi
od.
(3)
If th
e em
plo
yees
bein
g entitled to
be re
-em
plo
yed
accordin
g to
paragraph (2
) do not
apply
fo
r re-
em
plo
ym
ent, the e
mplo
yer
shall b
e e
ntitled to e
mplo
y n
ew
people
for
the v
acant posi
tions.
Section 6
Rig
ht to
notice
Art
icle
73.Ñ (
1)
The p
ers
ons
dism
isse
d b
ase
d o
n a
rtic
le61 c
) and d
), a
nd a
rtic
les
65 a
nd 6
6 s
hall b
enefit
from
the
right to
a n
otice
whic
h c
annot be less
than 1
5 w
ork
ing d
ays.
(2)
The exception to
th
e pro
vis
ions
of
para
gra
ph (1
) is
repre
sente
d b
y t
he p
ers
ons
dis
mis
sed b
ase
d o
n a
rtic
le 6
1d), w
ho a
re o
n a
tri
al peri
od.
Arti
cle
74.
Ñ (1
) The dis
mis
sal
decis
ion shall
be
com
munic
ate
d to
th
e em
plo
yee in
w
rit
ing and shall
com
pulsori
ly c
onta
in:
a) th
e r
easo
ns
for
the d
ism
issa
l;b) th
e term
of notice;
c)
the cri
teri
a fo
r est
ablish
ing th
e pri
ori
ty se
quence,
accord
ing to a
rtic
le 7
0 (2) d);
d) th
e lis
t of
all a
vailable
posi
tions
in the c
om
pany a
nd
the p
eri
od in w
hic
h the e
mplo
yees
must
choose
for
takin
ga v
acant posi
tion, under
art
icle
64.
(2)
If,
duri
ng th
e notice peri
od,
the in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
is suspended,
the te
rm
of
noti
ce shall
be
susp
ended a
ccord
ingly
.Art
icle
75.
Ñ The dis
mis
sal
decis
ion sh
all ta
ke effects
from
the d
ate
it is
notified to the e
mplo
yee.
Section 7
Contr
ol and s
anction o
f unfa
ir d
ism
issals
Art
icle
76.
Ñ The dis
mis
sal
ord
ere
d in
non-com
pliance
with the p
rocedure
stipula
ted b
y the law
shall b
e r
endere
dvoid
.
Labour
Code
198
Art
icle
83.
Ñ An em
plo
yee hir
ed under
an in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
for
a definite te
rm can be su
bje
cte
d to
a
tria
l peri
od, w
hic
h s
hall n
ot exceed:
a)
5 w
ork
ing days, fo
r a te
rm of
the in
div
idual
labour
contr
act le
ss than 3
month
s;b) 15 w
ork
ing d
ays, f
or
a t
erm
of
the indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act betw
een 3
and 6
month
s;c) 30 w
ork
ing d
ays, f
or
a t
erm
of
the indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act exceedin
g 6
month
s;d)
45 w
ork
ing days, in
th
e case
of
em
plo
yees
hold
ing
managem
ent posi
tions, for
a term
of th
e indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act exceedin
g 6
month
s.Art
icle
84.Ñ (1) O
n t
he e
xpir
y o
f th
e i
ndiv
idual la
bour
contr
act fo
r a d
efinite term
, an e
mplo
yee s
hall b
e h
ired for
that
posi
tion under
an in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
for
an
indefinite term
.(2
) The p
rovis
ions
of para
gra
ph (1) sh
all n
ot apply
:a) if the indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act fo
r a d
efinite term
is
conclu
ded w
ith a
vie
w t
o t
em
pora
rily
repla
cin
g a
mis
sing
em
plo
yee, if a
new
cause
for
susp
endin
g h
is/h
er
contr
act
occurs
;b)
if a new
in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
for
a definite
term
is
conclu
ded w
ith a vie
w to
doin
g so
me urg
ent,
exceptional w
ork
s;c) if t
he c
onclu
sion o
f a n
ew
indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act
for a defi
nit
e te
rm
proves necessary fo
r th
e reasons
stip
ula
ted u
nder
art
icle
81 e
);d)
if t
he i
ndiv
idual
labour
contr
act
for
a d
efinite t
erm
has
been te
rmin
ate
d on th
e em
plo
yeeÕs in
itia
tive or
the
em
plo
yerÕs
in
itia
tive,
for a serio
us m
isconduct
and
repeate
d m
isconduct by the e
mplo
yee.
Art
icle
85.Ñ T
he e
mplo
yers
shall info
rm the e
mplo
yees
em
plo
yed u
nder
indiv
idual la
bour
contr
acts
for
a d
efinite
term
about th
e v
acant posi
tions
or
those
to b
ecom
e v
acant,
whic
h are
in
com
pliance w
ith th
eir
vocational
train
ing,
and s
hall g
rant th
em
access
to s
uch p
osi
tions
under
equal
term
s as
the e
mplo
yees
em
plo
yed u
nder
indiv
idual la
bour
contr
acts
for
an indefinite term
. This
info
rmation s
hall b
em
ade p
ublic in a
n a
nnouncem
ent post
ed a
t th
e e
mplo
yerÕs
head o
ffic
e.
Law
no. 53/2
003
201
(8)
An em
plo
yee can resig
n w
ithout
noti
ce if
th
eem
plo
yer
has
not
met
his
obligations
accord
ing to
th
ein
div
idual la
bour
contr
act.
CH
APTER V
I
Ind
ivid
ua
l la
bo
ur c
on
tra
ct
for a
de
fin
ite
te
rm
Art
icle
80.Ñ (1
) As
an exception to
th
e ru
le st
ipula
ted
under
art
icle
12 (1), the e
mplo
yers
are
allow
ed to em
plo
y,
for
the p
urp
ose
and u
nder
the t
erm
s of
the p
rese
nt
code,
pers
onnel under
indiv
idual la
bour
contr
acts
for
a d
efinite
term
.(2
) An indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act fo
r a d
efinite term
can
only
be c
onclu
ded in a
wri
tten f
orm
, expre
ssly
sta
ting t
he
term
for
whic
h it is
conclu
ded.
(3) An indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act fo
r a d
efinite term
can
be e
xte
nded e
ven a
fter
the e
xpir
y o
f th
e initia
l te
rm, base
don t
he p
art
iesÕ w
ritten c
onse
nt, b
ut
only
within
the t
erm
stip
ula
ted under
art
icle
82 and tw
o conse
cutive tim
es
at
the m
ost
.Art
icle
81.Ñ A
n indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act fo
r a d
efinite
term
can o
nly
be c
onclu
ded in the follow
ing inst
ances:
a)
repla
cem
ent
of
an em
plo
yee in
th
e event
his
/her
labour
contr
act
is su
spended, except
when th
at
em
plo
yee
part
icip
ate
s in
a s
trik
e;
b) a tem
pora
ry incre
ase
in the e
mplo
yerÕs
activity;
c) se
aso
nal activitie
s;d)
if it is
conclu
ded base
d on la
wfu
l pro
vis
ions
made
with a
vie
w t
o t
em
pora
rily
favouri
ng c
ert
ain
cate
gori
es
of
unem
plo
yed p
ers
ons;
e)
in oth
er
inst
ances
expre
ssly
st
ipula
ted by sp
ecia
lla
ws. Art
icle
82.
Ñ (1
) The in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
for
adefinite term
cannot be c
onclu
ded f
or
a p
eri
od e
xceedin
g18 m
onth
s.(2
) If t
he i
ndiv
idual la
bour
contr
act
for
a d
efinite t
erm
is c
onclu
ded w
ith a
vie
w t
o r
epla
cin
g a
n e
mplo
yee w
hose
indiv
idual
labour
contr
act
has
been su
spended,
the te
rmof
the contr
act
shall expir
e w
hen th
e reaso
ns
havin
gcause
d the s
usp
ensi
on o
f th
e indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act of
the tenure
d e
mplo
yee h
ave c
ease
d to e
xis
t.
Labour
Code
200
(2) The d
ura
tion o
f a tem
pora
ry w
ork
ass
ignm
ent ca
n b
eexte
nded o
nly
once
for
a p
eriod w
hic
h, added to the initia
ldura
tion o
f th
e a
ssig
nm
ent, c
annot exce
ed 1
8 m
onth
s.(3
) The term
s under
whic
h the d
ura
tion o
f a tem
pora
ryw
ork
ass
ignm
ent
can be exte
nded are
st
ipula
ted in
th
ete
mpora
ry la
bour
contr
act
or
can m
ake th
e su
bje
ct
of
ari
der
to that contr
act.
Art
icle
90.Ñ (1) The tem
pora
ry labour
agent sh
all p
lace
at
the use
rÕs
dis
posa
l an em
plo
yee em
plo
yed under
ate
mpora
ry la
bour
contr
act, on th
e basi
s of
an availability
contr
act conclu
ded in w
riting.
(2) The a
vailability c
ontr
act sh
all c
om
pri
se:
a)
the r
easo
n w
hy t
he u
se o
f a t
em
pora
ry e
mplo
yee i
snecess
ary
;b)
the te
rm of
the ass
ignm
ent
and,
if th
e case
ari
ses,
pro
vis
ions
for
am
endin
g the term
of th
e a
ssig
nm
ent;
c)
the ty
pic
al
chara
cte
rist
ics
of
the posi
tion,
esp
ecia
lly
the n
ecess
ary
skills, th
e p
lace w
here
the a
ssig
nm
ent
shall
be c
arr
ied o
ut, a
nd the w
ork
schedule
;d) th
e a
ctu
al w
ork
conditio
ns;
e)
the in
div
idual
pro
tective and w
ork
equip
ment
the
tem
pora
ry e
mplo
yee m
ust
use
;f) a
ny o
ther
serv
ices
and f
acilitie
s fo
r th
e b
enefit of
the
tem
pora
ry e
mplo
yee;
g)
the valu
e of
the co
ntract
th
e te
mpora
ry la
bour
agent
benefits fro
m, as w
ell a
s th
e w
ages th
e e
mplo
yee is entitled to.
(3)
Any cla
use
th
at
pro
hib
its
the use
r fr
om
hir
ing th
ete
mporary em
plo
yee aft
er th
e assig
nm
ent
has been
com
ple
ted is
null a
nd v
oid
.Art
icle
91.Ñ (1) Tem
pora
ry e
mplo
yees
shall h
ave a
ccess
to all th
e se
rvic
es
and fa
cilitie
s pro
vid
ed by th
e use
r,under
the s
am
e term
s as
the latterÕs
oth
er
em
plo
yees.
(2) The u
ser
shall p
rovid
e the tem
pora
ry e
mplo
yee w
ith
indiv
idual
pro
tective and w
ork
equip
ment
except
when,
base
d o
n the a
vailability c
ontr
act, this
is
the r
esp
onsi
bility
of th
e tem
pora
ry labour
agent.
Art
icle
92.
Ñ The use
r sh
all not
be allow
ed to
benefit
from
the s
erv
ices
of a tem
pora
ry e
mplo
yee, if h
is g
oal is
to
repla
ce th
us
one of
his
em
plo
yees
whose
la
bour
contr
act
has
been s
usp
ended a
s a r
esu
lt o
f his
/her
part
icip
ation in
a s
trik
e.
Law
no. 53/2
003
203
Art
icle
86.Ñ U
nle
ss o
therw
ise s
tipula
ted in t
he p
rese
nt
code,
the pro
vis
ions
of
the la
w,
as
well as
those
of
the
coll
ecti
ve la
bour contr
acts
appli
cable
to
em
plo
yees
em
plo
yed under in
div
idual
labour contr
acts
fo
r an
indefinite term
shall e
qually a
pply
to e
mplo
yees
em
plo
yed
under
indiv
idual la
bour
contr
acts
for
a d
efinite term
.
CH
APTER V
II
Wo
rk
th
ro
ug
h a
te
mp
ora
ry l
ab
ou
r a
ge
nt
Art
icle
87.
Ñ (1
) W
ork th
rough a te
mporary la
bour
agent, here
inaft
er
called te
mpora
ry w
ork
,is
th
e w
ork
perf
orm
ed b
y a
tem
pora
ry e
mplo
yee w
ho, by o
rder
of
the
tem
pora
ry la
bour
agent, perf
orm
s w
ork
in
fa
vour
of
ause
r. (2)
A te
mpora
ry e
mplo
yee
is a
pers
on e
mplo
yed b
y a
nem
plo
yer
who i
s a t
em
pora
ry labour
agent, a
nd p
laced a
tth
e dis
posa
l of
a use
r fo
r th
e duration necess
ary fo
rcarr
yin
g o
ut cert
ain
pre
cis
e a
nd tem
pora
ry d
uties.
(3)
A te
mpora
ry la
bour
agent
is a tr
adin
g com
pany
auth
ori
sed b
y the M
inis
try o
f Labour
and S
ocia
l Solidari
ty,
whic
h te
mpora
rily
pla
ces
at
the dis
posa
l of
a use
r th
esk
ille
d and/o
r unsk
ille
d pers
onnel
em
plo
yed and paid
to
that
effect. The te
rms
for
the te
mpora
ry la
bour
agentÕs
est
ablish
ment
and opera
tion, as
well as
the auth
ori
sation
pro
cedure
, sh
all b
e s
et by G
overn
ment decis
ion.
(4)
A user
is an em
plo
yer at
whose dis
posal
the
tem
pora
ry la
bour
agent
pla
ces
a te
mpora
ry em
plo
yee in
vie
w o
f carr
yin
g o
ut cert
ain
pre
cis
e a
nd tem
pora
ry d
uties.
Art
icle
88.
Ñ A use
r can call on th
e te
mpora
ry la
bour
agents
only
for
carr
yin
g o
ut a p
recis
e a
nd tem
pora
ry d
uty
,called te
mporary w
ork assig
nm
ent, and only
in
th
efo
llow
ing inst
ances:
a)
to repla
ce an em
plo
yee w
hose
in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
has
been su
spended,
for th
e duration of
the
susp
ensi
on;
b) to
perf
orm
som
e s
easo
nal activitie
s;c)
to perf
orm
so
me sp
ecia
lise
d or
occasi
onal
activitie
s.Art
icle
89.Ñ (1) A t
em
pora
ry w
ork
ass
ignm
ent
shall b
eest
ablish
ed fo
r a peri
od w
hic
h cannot
exceed 12 m
onth
s.
Labour
Code
202
those
concern
ing contr
ibutions
and ta
xes
have fa
llen due
and exig
ible
, and th
e te
mpora
ry la
bour
agent
does
not
execute
them
, th
ey s
hall b
e p
aid
by the u
ser, b
ase
d o
n the
request
of th
e tem
pora
ry e
mplo
yee.
(6)
The use
r w
ho has
paid
th
e am
ounts
due accord
ing
to p
ara
gra
ph (5) is
subro
gate
d, fo
r th
e a
mounts
paid
in the
rights
of
the te
mpora
ry em
plo
yee again
st th
e te
mpora
ryla
bour
agent.
Art
icle
96.Ñ In the tem
pora
ry labour
contr
act th
ere
can
be s
et up a
tri
al peri
od for
carr
ing o
ut th
e a
ssig
nm
ent, the
dura
tion o
f w
hic
h s
hall b
e f
ixed d
ependin
g o
n t
he u
serÕs
request
, but it s
hall n
ot exceed:
a) tw
o w
ork
ing d
ays, if th
e tem
pora
ry labour
contr
act is
conclu
ded f
or
a p
eri
od s
hort
er
than o
r equal
to a
month
;b) th
ree w
ork
ing d
ays, if
the t
em
pora
ry labour
contr
act
is conclu
ded fo
r a peri
od betw
een one and tw
o m
onth
s;c) five w
ork
ing d
ays, if th
e tem
pora
ry labour
contr
act is
conclu
ded for
a p
eri
od e
xceedin
g tw
o m
onth
s.Art
icle
97.
Ñ (1
) Thro
ughout
the ass
ignm
ent, th
e use
rsh
all be re
sponsi
ble
fo
r pro
vid
ing th
e w
ork
conditio
ns
toth
e te
mporary em
plo
yee,
in com
pli
ance w
ith th
ele
gis
lation in forc
e.
(2)
The use
r sh
all notify
at
once th
e te
mpora
ry la
bour
agent
about
any occupational
inju
ry or
dis
ease
he has
learnt
about
and th
e vic
tim
of
whic
h has been a
tem
porary em
plo
yee pla
ced at
his
dis
posal
by th
ete
mpora
ry labour
agent.
Art
icle
98.
Ñ (1
) At
the end of
the ass
ignm
ent, th
ete
mpora
ry em
plo
yee can conclu
de an in
div
idual
labour
contr
act w
ith the u
ser.
(2)
If th
e user em
plo
ys,
aft
er an assig
nm
ent,
a
tem
pora
ry e
mplo
yee, th
e d
ura
tion o
f th
e a
ssig
nm
ent
shall
be taken into
consi
dera
tion w
hen c
alc
ula
ting the w
ages, a
sw
ell as
the oth
er
entitlem
ents
st
ipula
ted by th
e la
bour
legis
lation.
(3) If t
he u
ser
continues
to b
enefit
from
the t
em
pora
ryem
plo
yeeÕs w
ork
without
conclu
din
g a
n i
ndiv
idual la
bour
contr
act, or
without
exte
ndin
g th
e availability contr
act, it
is deem
ed th
at
an in
div
idual
labour contr
act
for an
indefi
nit
e te
rm
has been conclu
ded betw
een th
at
tem
pora
ry e
mplo
yee a
nd the u
ser.
Law
no. 53/2
003
205
Art
icle
93.
Ñ (1
) The te
mpora
ry la
bour
contr
act
is a
labour contr
act
whic
h shall be conclu
ded in
w
rit
ing
betw
een th
e te
mpora
ry la
bour
agent
and th
e te
mpora
ryem
plo
yee, as
a r
ule
for
the d
ura
tion o
f an a
ssig
nm
ent.
(2)
A t
em
pora
ry l
abour
contr
act
shall s
tate
, besi
des
the
ele
ments
stipula
ted u
nder
art
icle
s 17 a
nd 1
8 (1), the term
sunder w
hic
h th
e assig
nm
ent
is to
ta
ke pla
ce,
the
ass
ignm
ent
dura
tion,
the use
rÕs
identity
and head offic
e,
as w
ell as th
e m
odaliti
es fo
r payin
g th
e te
mporary
em
plo
yee.
Art
icle
94.Ñ (1) A tem
pora
ry labour
contr
act can a
lso b
econclu
ded fo
r se
vera
l ass
ignm
ents
, pro
vid
ed th
e te
rmst
ipula
ted u
nder
art
icle
89 (2) is
obse
rved.
(2)
Betw
een tw
o ass
ignm
ents
, a te
mpora
ry em
plo
yee
shall b
e a
t th
e d
isposa
l of
the tem
pora
ry labour
agent and
shall b
enefit
from
wages
paid
by t
he a
gent, w
hic
h c
annot
be low
er
than the m
inim
um
gro
ss n
ational w
ages.
(3) For
each n
ew
ass
ignm
ent, the p
art
ies
shall c
onclu
de
a ri
der
to th
e te
mpora
ry la
bour
contr
act, st
ating all th
eele
ments
stipula
ted u
nder
art
icle
93 (2).
(4)
The t
em
pora
ry l
abour
contr
act
cease
s at
the e
nd o
fth
e last
ass
ignm
ent it h
as
been c
onclu
ded for.
Arti
cle
95.
Ñ (1
) Throughout
the durati
on of
the
ass
ignm
ent, th
e te
mpora
ry em
plo
yee sh
all benefit
from
the w
ages
paid
by the tem
pora
ry labour
agent.
(2)
The w
ages
receiv
ed b
y t
he t
em
pora
ry e
mplo
yee f
or
each assig
nm
ent
shall not
be lo
wer th
an th
e w
ages
receiv
ed by th
e use
rÕs
em
plo
yee w
ho perf
orm
s th
e sa
me
work
or
one s
imilar
to the o
ne o
f th
e tem
pora
ry e
mplo
yee.
(3) If the u
ser
has
no s
uch e
mplo
yee, th
e w
ages
receiv
ed
by th
e te
mporary em
plo
yee shall be esta
bli
shed by
consi
deri
ng th
e w
ages
of
a pers
on em
plo
yed under
an
indiv
idual
labour
contr
act
and w
ho perf
orm
s th
e sa
me
work
or
a s
imilar
one, as
stip
ula
ted in the c
ollective labour
contr
act applicable
to the u
ser.
(4)
The te
mpora
ry la
bour
agent
shall be th
e one w
ho
deducts
and t
ransf
ers
all t
he c
ontr
ibutions
and t
axes
due
by t
he t
em
pora
ry e
mplo
yee t
o s
tate
budgets
and p
ays
for
him
all the c
ontr
ibutions
due a
ccord
ing to the law
.(5
) If
, w
ithin
15 cale
ndar days fr
om
th
e date
th
eobligations
concern
ing th
e paym
ent
of
the w
ages
and
Labour
Code
204
c) th
e inte
rdic
tion to w
ork
overt
ime, except fo
r a c
ase
of
abso
lute
necess
ity o
r oth
er
urg
ent w
ork
s m
eant to
pre
vent
accid
ents
or
rem
ove the c
onse
quences
there
of.
(2)
If,
in a part
-tim
e in
div
idual
labour
contr
act, th
eele
ments
stipula
ted u
nder
para
gra
ph (1) are
not st
ate
d, th
econtr
act sh
all b
e d
eem
ed a
full-tim
e c
ontr
act.
Art
icle
103.Ñ (1)
An e
mplo
yee e
mplo
yed u
nder
a p
art
-tim
e l
abour
contr
act
shall e
njo
y a
ll t
he r
ights
of
full-tim
eem
plo
yees, u
nder
the t
erm
s st
ipula
ted b
y t
he law
and t
he
applicable
collective labour
contr
acts
.(2
) The w
age e
ntitlem
ents
shall b
e g
rante
d p
roport
ional
to the a
ctu
al hours
work
ed, in
rela
tion to the e
ntitlem
ents
est
ablish
ed for
a n
orm
al w
ork
schedule
.(3
) In
the c
ase
of
an e
mplo
yee w
ho c
arr
ies
out
his
/her
activity base
d on a part
-tim
e in
div
idual
labour
contr
act,
the contr
ibution peri
od to
th
e so
cia
l in
sura
nce public
syst
em
sh
all be pro
port
ional
to th
e actu
al
hours
w
ork
ed
accord
ing to the law
.Arti
cle
104.
Ñ (1
) The em
plo
yer shall
ta
ke in
toconsi
dera
tion, as
far
as
poss
ible
, th
e e
mplo
yeesÕ d
em
ands
to b
e tra
nsf
err
ed e
ither
from
a f
ull-tim
e job to a
part
-tim
ejo
b, or
from
a p
art
-tim
e j
ob t
o a
full-tim
e j
ob, or
to h
ave
an in
creased w
ork schedule
, should
th
is opportu
nit
yoccur.
(2) The e
mplo
yer
shall n
otify
the e
mplo
yees
in d
ue tim
eas
regard
s th
e a
vailability o
f part
-tim
e o
r fu
ll-tim
e jobs, in
ord
er
to facilitate
tra
nsf
ers
fro
m p
art
-tim
e to full-tim
e jobs
and v
ice v
ers
a. This
notification s
hall b
e d
one b
y m
eans
of
an a
nnouncem
ent post
ed u
p a
t th
e e
mplo
yerÕs
head o
ffic
e.
(3) The e
mplo
yer
shall p
rovid
e, as
far
as
poss
ible
, access
to p
art
-tim
e jobs
at all levels.
CH
APTER I
X
Ho
me
wo
rk
Art
icle
105.
Ñ (1
) H
om
ew
ork
ers
are
th
ose
em
plo
yees
who carr
y out, at
their
hom
e,
the ass
ignm
ents
ty
pic
al
of
their
posi
tions.
(2) W
ith a
vie
w to p
erf
orm
ing their
job task
s, the h
om
e-
work
ers
shall s
et up their
ow
n w
ork
schedule
.
Law
no. 53/2
003
207
Art
icle
99.Ñ T
he tem
pora
ry labour
agent w
ho d
ism
isse
sth
e tem
pora
ry e
mplo
yee b
efo
re the tim
e lim
it p
rovid
ed for
in th
e te
mpora
ry la
bour
contr
act, fo
r oth
er
reaso
ns
than
the d
iscip
linary
ones, s
hall c
om
ply
with t
he p
rovis
ions
of
the la
w on th
e te
rm
inati
on of
the in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
for reasons w
hic
h are not
rela
ted to
th
eem
plo
yeeÕs p
ers
on.
Art
icle
100.Ñ U
nle
ss s
pecia
l pro
vis
ions
are
made to the
contr
ary
, in
this
chapte
r, t
he p
rovis
ions
of
the law
and o
fth
e collective la
bour
contr
acts
applicable
to
em
plo
yees
em
plo
yed under in
div
idual
labour contr
acts
fo
r an
indefinite term
with the u
ser
shall a
lso a
pply
to tem
pora
ryem
plo
yees
for
the d
ura
tion o
f th
eir
ass
ignm
ent
with h
im.
CH
APTER V
III
Pa
rt-
tim
e i
nd
ivid
ua
l la
bo
ur c
on
tra
ct
Art
icle
101.Ñ (1) An e
mplo
yer
can h
ire e
mplo
yees
with
a w
ork
schedule
corr
esp
ondin
g t
o a
work
load f
raction o
fat
least
tw
o hours
a day,
by m
eans
of
indiv
idual
labour
contr
acts
fo
r an in
definite te
rm or
for
a definite te
rm,
called p
art
-tim
e indiv
idual la
bour
contr
acts
.(2
) A p
art
-tim
e i
ndiv
idual
labour
contr
act
shall o
nly
be
conclu
ded in w
riting.
(3) The w
eekly
work
peri
od f
or
an e
mplo
yee e
mplo
yed
under
a p
art
-tim
e indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act sh
all b
e low
er
than that of
a c
om
para
ble
full-tim
e e
mplo
yee, but not le
ssth
an 1
0 h
ours
.(4
) A com
para
ble
em
plo
yee is
a fu
ll-tim
e em
plo
yee of
the s
am
e e
mplo
yer, w
ho p
erf
orm
s th
e s
am
e a
ctivity o
r one
sim
ilar
to th
at
of
the em
plo
yee em
plo
yed under
a part
-tim
e in
div
idual
labour
contr
act. W
hen no com
para
ble
em
plo
yee exis
ts,
there
sh
all be ta
ken in
to account
the
pro
vis
ions
of
the collective la
bour
contr
act
applica
ble
to
that
em
plo
yer
or
the p
rovis
ions
of
the legis
lation in f
orc
e.
Arti
cle
102.
Ñ (1
) The part-ti
me in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
shall com
pri
se,
besi
des
the ele
ments
st
ipula
ted
under
art
icle
17 (2), the follow
ing:
a)
the w
ork
peri
od and dis
trib
ution of
work
sc
hedule
;b)
the te
rms
under
whic
h th
e w
ork
sc
hedule
can be
modifie
d;
Labour
Code
206
Art
icle
110.Ñ (
1)
The d
istr
ibution o
f th
e w
ork
ing t
ime
thro
ughout
the w
eek sh
all, as
a ru
le, be uniform
, w
ith 8
hours
per
day for
5 d
ays, a
nd w
ith tw
o d
ays
of re
st.
(2) Dependin
g o
n t
he t
ypic
al fe
atu
res
of
the c
om
pany o
rof
the w
ork
perf
orm
ed,
one ca
n also ch
oose
an unequal
distr
ibution o
f th
e w
ork
ing tim
e, pro
vid
ed the n
orm
al le
ngth
of th
e w
ork
ing tim
e o
f 40 h
ours
per
week is
obse
rved.
Art
icle
111.
Ñ (1
) The m
axim
um
le
gal
length
of
the
workin
g ti
me shall
not
exceed 48 hours per w
eek,
inclu
din
g o
vert
ime w
ork
.(2
) W
hen w
ork
is done in shifts, th
e length
of th
e w
ork
ing
tim
e c
an b
e e
xte
nded t
o o
ver
8 h
ours
per
day a
nd o
ver
48
hours
per
week, pro
vid
ed th
e avera
ge num
ber
of
work
ing
hours
, as
calcula
ted for
a m
axim
um
period o
f 3 w
eeks, d
oes
not exce
ed 8
hours
per
day o
r 48 h
ours
per
week.
(3)
The pro
vis
ions
of
para
gra
phs
(1)
and (2
) sh
all not
apply
to
young people
w
ho have not
turn
ed 18 years
of
age y
et.
Arti
cle
112.
Ñ (1
) For certa
in secto
rs of
acti
vit
y,
com
panie
s, or
pro
fess
ions, th
ere
can be est
ablish
ed,
by
means
of
collective or
indiv
idual
negotiations, or
specific
law
s, a
length
of
the w
ork
ing d
ay a
bove o
r belo
w 8
hours
.(2
) The length
of
the w
ork
ing d
ay o
f 12 h
ours
shall b
efo
llow
ed b
y a
peri
od o
f re
st o
f 24 h
ours
.Art
icle
113.Ñ (1) The a
ctu
al m
anner
for
est
ablish
ing a
nunequal
work
ing sc
hedule
w
ithin
th
e 40-h
our
work
ing
week, as
well a
s duri
ng the s
hort
er
work
ing w
eek, sh
all b
enegotiate
d by m
eans
of
the collective la
bour
contr
act
at
the le
vel
of
the em
plo
yer, or, in
his
abse
nce,
it sh
all be
stip
ula
ted in the c
om
panyÕs r
ule
s and r
egula
tions.
(2) An u
nequal w
ork
schedule
shall o
pera
te o
nly
if
it is
expre
ssly
sta
ted in the indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act.
Art
icle
114.
Ñ The w
ork
sc
hedule
and its
dis
trib
ution
shall b
e b
rought to
the e
mplo
yeesÕ a
ttention a
nd p
ost
ed u
pat th
e e
mplo
yerÕs
head o
ffic
e.
Art
icle
115.
Ñ (1
) An em
plo
yer
can est
ablish
flexib
lew
ork
ing hours
, w
ith th
e conse
nt
or
at
the re
quest
of
the
em
plo
yee in q
uest
ion, if s
uch a
poss
ibility is
laid
dow
n in
the c
ollective labour
contr
acts
applicable
at th
e level of th
eem
plo
yer, or, in
his
abse
nce, in
th
e com
panyÕs ru
les
and
regula
tions.
Law
no. 53/2
003
209
c. 14
(3) The e
mplo
yer
shall b
e e
ntitled t
o c
heck t
he a
ctivity
of
hom
ew
ork
er, under
the te
rms
set
by th
e in
div
idual
labour
contr
act.
Art
icle
106.
Ñ An in
div
idual
hom
ew
ork
contr
act
shall
only
be conclu
ded in
a w
ritten fo
rm and sh
all com
pri
se,
besi
des
the ele
ments
st
ipula
ted under
art
icle
17 (2
), th
efo
llow
ing:
a) th
e e
xpre
ss m
ention t
hat
the e
mplo
yee s
hall w
ork
at
hom
e;
b)
the sc
hedule
duri
ng w
hic
h th
e em
plo
yer
shall be
entitled to
check his
em
plo
yeeÕs activity,
and th
e actu
al
manner
of m
akin
g s
uch a
contr
ol;
c) th
e e
mplo
yerÕs
obligation t
o e
nsu
re t
ransp
ort
, to
and
from
the e
mplo
yeeÕs d
om
icile, as
the c
ase
may b
e, of
the
raw
mate
rials a
nd m
ate
rials, w
hic
h h
e/s
he u
ses
in h
is/h
er
activity, as
well a
s th
e fin
ished p
roducts
made b
y h
im/h
er.
Art
icle
107.
Ñ (1
) A hom
ew
ork
er
shall enjo
y all th
eri
ghts
st
ipula
ted by th
e la
w and th
e collective la
bour
contr
acts
applicable
to
em
plo
yees
whose
w
ork
pla
ce is
at
the e
mplo
yerÕs
head o
ffic
e.
(2)
Thro
ugh th
e collective la
bour
contr
acts
th
ere
can
also b
e e
stablish
ed o
ther
typic
al te
rms
for
hom
ew
ork
.
TITLE III
Wo
rkin
g t
ime a
nd
rest
tim
e
CH
APTER I
Wo
rk
ing
tim
e
Section 1
Length
of w
ork
ing tim
e
Arti
cle
108.
Ñ The w
orkin
g ti
me is
th
e ti
me an
em
plo
yee u
ses
to c
arr
y o
ut his
/her
task
s.Art
icle
109.
Ñ (1
) For
full-tim
e em
plo
yees, th
e norm
al
length
of th
e w
ork
ing tim
e s
hall b
e o
f 8 h
ours
per
day a
nd
40 h
ours
per
week.
(2) As
far
as
young p
eople
are
involv
ed w
ho a
re n
ot
18
years
of age y
et, the length
of th
e w
ork
ing tim
e s
hall b
e o
f6 h
ours
per
day a
nd 3
0 h
ours
per
week.
Labour
Code
208
(2)
The su
pple
menta
ry w
age fo
r extr
a w
ork
, gra
nte
dunder
the te
rms
stip
ula
ted by para
gra
ph (1
), sh
all be
est
ablish
ed by negotiation,
within
th
e collective la
bour
contr
act
or, as
the case
m
ay be,
the in
div
idual
labour
contr
act, and sh
all not
be lo
wer
than 75% of
the basi
cw
ages.
Art
icle
121.Ñ Y
oung p
eople
under
18 y
ears
of
age s
hall
not perf
orm
extr
a w
ork
.
Section 3
Nig
ht w
ork
Art
icle
122.Ñ (1) The w
ork
perf
orm
ed b
etw
een 1
0 p
.m.
and 6
a.m
. sh
all b
e d
eem
ed n
ight w
ork
. (2
) The norm
al
nig
ht
work
peri
od sh
all not
exceed 8
hours
over
a 2
4-h
our
peri
od.
(3)
An em
plo
yer
who fr
equently use
s nig
ht
work
sh
all
notify
this
to the terr
itori
al fa
cto
ry insp
ecto
rate
. Art
icle
123.
Ñ The em
plo
yees
who perf
orm
at
least
3
hours
of
nig
ht
work
sh
all benefit
either
from
a w
ork
schedule
an hour
short
er
than th
e norm
al
length
of
the
work
ing day,
without
this
le
adin
g to
a decre
ase
in
th
ebasi
c w
ages, or
a su
pple
menta
ry w
age of
at
least
15% of
the b
asi
c w
ages
for
each n
ight w
ork
hour
perf
orm
ed.
Art
icle
124.Ñ (1) The e
mplo
yees
who a
re t
o p
erf
orm
at
least
3 hours
of
nig
ht
work
sh
all be su
bje
ct
to a fr
ee
medic
al
exam
inati
on befo
re sta
rti
ng acti
vit
y and
afterw
ard
s, p
eri
odic
ally.
(2)
The te
rm
s of
the m
edic
al
exam
inati
on and it
speri
odic
ity sh
all be se
t by th
e re
gula
tions
appro
ved by
join
t ord
er
of
the m
inis
ter
of
labour
and s
ocia
l so
lidari
ty,
and the m
inis
ter
of health a
nd fam
ily.
(3)
The em
plo
yees
who perf
orm
nig
ht
work
and have
health pro
ble
ms
recogniz
ed as
bein
g connecte
d w
ith th
ew
ork
shall b
e tra
nsf
err
ed to a
day w
ork
they a
re fit for.
Art
icle
125.Ñ (1) Young p
eople
who h
ave n
ot tu
rned 1
8years
of age s
hall n
ot perf
orm
nig
ht w
ork
. (2
) Pre
gnant w
om
en, w
om
en a
fter
childbir
th, or
nurs
ing
wom
en s
hall n
ot be o
bliged to p
erf
orm
nig
ht w
ork
.
Law
no. 53/2
003
211
(2)
The flexib
le w
ork
ing hours
pre
suppose
a flexib
leorg
anis
ation o
f th
e w
ork
ing tim
e.
(3) The length
of
the w
ork
ing d
ay s
hall b
e d
ivid
ed into
two p
eri
ods: a
fix
ed p
eri
od d
uri
ng w
hic
h a
ll the e
mplo
yees
are
at
their
work
pla
ces, a
nd a
vari
able
, m
obile p
eri
od i
nw
hic
h th
e em
plo
yee choose
s th
e tim
es
of
arriv
al
and
depart
ure
, pro
vid
ed the w
ork
ing tim
e is
obse
rved.
(4)
The flexib
le w
ork
ing hours
can only
opera
te in
com
pliance w
ith the p
rovis
ions
of art
icle
s 109 a
nd 1
11.
Art
icle
116.
Ñ The em
plo
yer
shall keep re
cord
s of
the
num
ber
of
work
ing hours
perf
orm
ed by each em
plo
yee
and s
hall s
ubm
it s
uch r
ecord
s to
the c
ontr
ol of th
e facto
ryin
specto
rate
whenever
requir
ed.
Section 2
Extr
a w
ork
Article
117.
Ñ (1
) The w
ork perfo
rm
ed outs
ide th
enorm
al
length
of
the w
ork
ing w
eek,
as
stip
ula
ted under
art
icle
109, sh
all b
e c
onsi
dere
d e
xtr
a w
ork
.(2
) The extr
a w
ork
cannot
be perf
orm
ed w
ithout
the
em
plo
yeeÕs c
onse
nt, e
xcept fo
r a c
ase
of
abso
lute
necess
ity
or
urg
ent w
ork
s m
eant to
pre
vent accid
ents
or
rem
ove the
conse
quences
of an a
ccid
ent.
Arti
cle
118.
Ñ (1
) At
the em
plo
yerÕs
request, th
eem
plo
yees can perfo
rm
extr
a w
ork,
provid
ed th
epro
vis
ions
of art
icle
111 a
re o
bse
rved.
(2)
Perfo
rm
ance of
extr
a w
ork above th
e lim
it set
accord
ing t
o t
he p
rovis
ions
of
para
gra
ph (1) is
pro
hib
ited.
Art
icle
119.Ñ (1) The e
xtr
a w
ork
shall b
e c
om
pensa
ted
for
with t
ime o
ff p
aid
in t
he n
ext
30 d
ays
after
the w
ork
has
been p
erf
orm
ed.
(2)
Under
these
te
rms, an em
plo
yee sh
all benefit
from
the adequate
w
ages
for
the hours
perf
orm
ed beyond th
enorm
al w
ork
schedule
.Art
icle
120.Ñ (1) If the c
om
pensa
tion w
ith p
aid
tim
e o
ffis
not
poss
ible
w
ithin
th
e tim
e lim
it st
ipula
ted under
art
icle
119 (1) duri
ng the n
ext m
onth
, th
e e
xtr
a w
ork
shall
be p
aid
to t
he e
mplo
yee b
y a
ddin
g a
supple
menta
ry w
age
corr
esp
ondin
g to the d
ura
tion o
f th
e w
ork
perf
orm
ed.
Labour
Code
210
(2)
Young people
under
18 years
of
age sh
all benefit
from
a lunch b
reak o
f at le
ast
30 m
inute
s, if
the length
of
the w
ork
ing d
ay e
xceeds
4 a
nd a
half h
ours
. (3
) U
nle
ss oth
erw
ise sti
pula
ted in
th
e appli
cable
collective la
bour
contr
act
and th
e com
panyÕs ru
les
and
regula
tions, the b
reaks
shall n
ot be inclu
ded in the n
orm
al
length
of th
e w
ork
ing d
ay.
Art
icle
131.Ñ (1
) Em
plo
yees
shall be entitled, betw
een
two w
ork
ing d
ays, t
o a
rest
, w
hic
h c
annot
be less
than 1
2conse
cutive h
ours
. (2
) As an excepti
on,
as fa
r as w
ork in
shif
ts is
concern
ed, th
is r
est
cannot
be l
ess
than 8
hours
betw
een
shifts
.
Section 2
Weekly
rest
Art
icle
132.
Ñ (1
) The w
eekly
re
st is
gra
nte
d over
two
conse
cutive d
ays, u
sually o
n S
atu
rday a
nd S
unday.
(2)
If th
e rest
on Satu
rday and Sunday w
ould
be
detr
imenta
l to
the p
ublic inte
rest
or
the n
orm
al evolu
tion
of
the activity,
the w
eekly
re
st can als
o be gra
nte
d on
oth
er
days
laid
dow
n in
th
e applicable
collective la
bour
contr
act or
the c
om
panyÕs r
ule
s and r
egula
tions.
(3)
For
the purp
ose
of
para
gra
ph (2
), th
e em
plo
yees
shall benefi
t fr
om
a w
age benefi
t la
id dow
n in
th
ecollective la
bour
contr
act
or, as
the case
m
ay be,
the
com
panyÕs r
ule
s and r
egula
tions.
(4) Under
exceptional cir
cum
stances, the d
ays
of w
eekly
rest
shall b
e g
rante
d o
n a
cum
ula
tive b
asi
s, after
a p
eri
od
of
continuous
activity w
hic
h s
hall n
ot
exceed 1
5 c
ale
ndar
days,
with th
e auth
oris
ation of
the te
rritoria
l fa
cto
ry
insp
ecto
rate
and t
he c
onse
nt
of
the t
rade u
nio
n o
r, a
s th
ecase
may b
e, th
e e
mplo
yeesÕ r
epre
senta
tives.
(5)
The em
plo
yees
whose
w
eekly
re
st is
gra
nte
d under
the t
erm
s of
para
gra
ph (4) sh
all b
e e
ntitled t
o t
he d
ouble
of th
e c
om
pensa
tion d
ue a
ccord
ing to a
rtic
le 1
20 (2).
Art
icle
133.
Ñ (1
) In
th
e event
of
urg
ent
work
s, th
eim
media
te perf
orm
ance of
whic
h is
necess
ary
fo
r th
eorg
anis
ation o
f re
scue m
easu
res
for
pers
ons
or
salv
age o
fgoods
of
the e
mplo
yer, f
or
pre
venting im
min
ent accid
ents
Law
no. 53/2
003
213
Section 4
Work
load
Art
icle
126.
Ñ A w
ork
lo
ad expre
sses
the am
ount
of
work
needed f
or
opera
tions
or
work
s bein
g p
erf
orm
ed b
yan a
dequate
ly s
kille
d p
ers
on, w
ho w
ork
s at a n
orm
al pace,
under
the conditio
ns
of
dete
rmin
ed opera
ting and w
ork
pro
cess
es. The w
ork
lo
ad com
pri
ses
the pro
duction tim
e,
the t
ime f
or
inte
rruptions
cause
d b
y t
he e
volu
tion o
f th
eopera
ting pro
cess
, and th
e tim
e fo
r la
wfu
l bre
aks
duri
ng
the w
ork
schedule
. Art
icle
127.Ñ T
he w
ork
load is
expre
ssed, dependin
g o
nth
e characte
ris
tics of
the operati
ng process or oth
er
activitie
s, as
rate
s of
tim
e,
rate
s of
pro
duction,
rate
s of
personnel, sphere of
att
rib
uti
ons or oth
er fo
rm
scorr
esp
ondin
g to the featu
res
of each a
ctivity.
Art
icle
128.Ñ W
ork
loadin
g s
hall a
pply
to a
ll e
mplo
yee
cate
gori
es.
Article
129.
Ñ (1
) W
ork lo
ads are prepared by th
eem
plo
yer
with th
e conse
nt
of
the tr
ade unio
n or, as
the
case
may b
e, th
e e
mplo
yeesÕ r
epre
senta
tives.
(2)
If w
ork lo
ads no lo
nger m
eet
the te
chnic
al
conditio
ns
under
whic
h th
ey w
ere
adopte
d, or
no lo
nger
pro
vid
e a
full o
ccupancy o
f th
e n
orm
al w
ork
peri
od, th
ey
shall b
e s
ubje
ct to
re-exam
ination.
(3) The r
e-exam
ination p
rocedure
, as
well a
s th
e a
ctu
al
condit
ions under w
hic
h it
can in
tervene shall
be
est
ablish
ed in
th
e applicable
collective la
bour
contr
act
or
in the c
om
panyÕs r
ule
s and r
egula
tions.
CH
APTER I
I
Pe
rio
dic
al
re
sts
Section 1
Lunch b
reak a
nd d
aily r
est
Art
icle
130.
Ñ (1
) If
th
e le
ngth
of
the w
ork
ing day
exceeds
6 hours
, th
e em
plo
yees
shall have th
e ri
ght
to a
lunch b
reak a
nd o
ther
bre
aks, u
nder
the t
erm
s la
id d
ow
nin
th
e appli
cable
coll
ecti
ve la
bour contr
act
or th
ecom
panyÕs r
ule
s and r
egula
tions.
Labour
Code
212
Art
icle
138.Ñ Thro
ugh th
e applicable
collective la
bour
contr
act th
e c
an a
lso b
e e
stablish
ed o
ther
days
off.
CH
APTER I
II
Ho
lid
ays
Section 1
Annual holiday a
nd e
mplo
yeesÕ oth
er
holidays
Arti
cle
139.
Ñ (1
) The enti
tlem
ent
to annual
paid
holiday is
guara
nte
ed to a
ll e
mplo
yees.
(2)
The entitlem
ent
to annual
holiday sh
all not
be th
eobje
ct of any tra
nsf
er, w
aiv
er, o
r lim
itation.
Art
icle
140.
Ñ (1
) The m
inim
um
le
ngth
of
the annual
holiday is
of 20 w
ork
ing d
ays.
(2)
The actu
al
length
of
the annual
holi
day is
est
ablish
ed in
th
e applicable
collective la
bour
contr
act, is
stip
ula
ted in the indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act, a
nd is
gra
nte
din
pro
port
ion to the a
ctivity p
erf
orm
ed in a
cale
ndar
year.
(3) The legal holiday o
n w
hic
h n
o w
ork
is
perf
orm
ed, as
well as
the paid
days
off
est
ablish
ed in
th
e applicable
collective la
bour
contr
act
shall not
be in
clu
ded in
th
ele
ngth
of th
e a
nnual holiday.
(4)
The le
ngth
of
the annual
holiday fo
r em
plo
yees
work
ing u
nder
a p
art
-tim
e indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act
shall
be gra
nte
d in
pro
port
ion to
th
e actu
al
length
of
work
perf
orm
ed.
Art
icle
141.
Ñ (1
) The annual
holiday sh
all be ta
ken
each y
ear.
(2)
As
an exception to
th
e pro
vis
ions
of
para
gra
ph (1
),ta
kin
g o
neÕs h
oliday t
he n
ext
year
shall o
nly
be p
erm
itte
din
th
e case
s express
ly st
ipula
ted by th
e la
w or th
ose
stip
ula
ted in the a
pplicable
collective labour
contr
act.
(3) An e
mplo
yer
shall b
e o
bliged to g
rant holiday, by the
end of
the next
year, to
all em
plo
yees
who,
duri
ng a
cale
ndar
year, h
ave n
ot ta
ken the e
ntire
holiday they w
ere
entitled to.
(4)
The cash
com
pensa
tion of
the holiday not
taken
shall o
nly
be p
erm
itte
d in t
he e
vent
of
term
ination o
f th
ein
div
idual la
bour
contr
act.
Law
no. 53/2
003
215
or
for
rem
ovin
g th
e eff
ects
of
such accid
ents
over
the
com
panyÕs m
ate
rials, equip
ment
or
buildin
gs, th
e w
eekly
rest
can be suspended fo
r th
e personnel
requir
ed to
perf
orm
such w
ork
s.
(2)
The em
plo
yees w
hose w
eekly
rest
has been
susp
ended under th
e te
rm
s of
paragraph (1
) sh
all be
entitled t
o t
he d
ouble
of
the c
om
pensa
tion d
ue a
ccord
ing
to a
rtic
le 1
20 (2).
Section 3
Legal holidays
Art
icle
134.Ñ (1) The l
egal
holidays
on w
hic
h n
o w
ork
is p
erf
orm
ed s
hall b
e:
Ñth
e 1
st a
nd 2
nd o
f Ja
nuary
; Ñ the fir
st a
nd s
econd E
ast
er
days;
Ñ the 1
st o
f M
ay;
Ñ the 1
st o
f Decem
ber;
Ñ the fir
st a
nd s
econd C
hri
stm
as
days;
Ñ tw
o days fo
r each of
the tw
o annual
reli
gio
us
holidays, d
ecla
red a
s su
ch b
y the legal re
ligio
ns
oth
er
than
Chri
stia
n, fo
r pers
ons
belo
ngin
g to s
uch r
eligio
ns.
(2) The d
ays
off s
hall b
e g
rante
d b
y the e
mplo
yer.
Art
icle
135.Ñ A
Govern
ment decis
ion s
hall e
stablish
the
adequate
w
ork schedule
s fo
r healt
h and cate
rin
gin
stitutions, w
ith a vie
w to
pro
vid
ing m
edic
al
care
and
supply
ing people
w
ith th
e essenti
al
food stu
ffs;
the
imple
menta
tion o
f su
ch s
chedule
s sh
all b
e m
andato
ry.
Art
icle
136.
ÑThe pro
vis
ions
of
art
icle
134 sh
all not
apply
at
work
pla
ces
where
activity c
annot
be inte
rrupte
ddue to the n
atu
re o
f th
e o
pera
ting p
rocess
or
to the type o
factivity.
Article
137.
Ñ (1
) The em
plo
yees w
ho w
ork in
th
ein
stitutions
stip
ula
ted u
nder
art
icle
135, as
well a
s at
the
work
pla
ces
stip
ula
ted under
art
icle
136 sh
all be gra
nte
dtim
e o
ff in
lie
u d
uri
ng the n
ext 30 d
ays.
(2) If, fo
r ju
stifie
d r
easo
ns, n
o d
ays
off a
re g
rante
d, th
eem
plo
yees
shall benefit, fo
r th
e w
ork
perf
orm
ed on le
gal
holidays, f
rom
a r
ise i
n t
he b
asi
c w
ages
whic
h c
annot
be
less
th
an 100 % of
the basi
c w
ages
corr
esp
ondin
g to
th
ew
ork
perf
orm
ed d
uri
ng the n
orm
al w
ork
schedule
.
Labour
Code
214
(3)
The annual
holiday allow
ance sh
all be paid
by th
eem
plo
yer
at
least
5 w
ork
ing d
ays
befo
re t
he b
egin
nin
g o
fth
e h
oliday.
Arti
cle
146.
Ñ (1
) The annual
holi
day can be
inte
rrupte
d,
at
the em
plo
yeeÕs
request, fo
r obje
cti
ve
reaso
ns.
(2)
The em
plo
yer can call back th
e em
plo
yee fr
om
his
/her
annual holiday in c
ase
of
abso
lute
necess
ity o
r fo
rurg
ent
inte
rest
s callin
g fo
r th
e em
plo
yeeÕs pre
sence at
his
/her
work
pla
ce. In
th
is case
, th
e em
plo
yer
shall bear
all e
xpense
s in
curr
ed b
y t
he e
mplo
yee a
nd h
is/h
er
fam
ily
because
of
com
ing back to
th
e w
ork
pla
ce, as
well as
all
possib
le lo
sses caused to
him
/her as a result
of
the
inte
rruption o
f th
e a
nnual holiday.
Art
icle
147.
Ñ (1
) As
far
as
specia
l fa
mily events
are
conce
rned, em
plo
yees sh
all b
e e
ntitled to p
aid
days
off, w
hich
shall n
ot be included in the length
of th
e a
nnual holiday.
(2) The speci
al fa
mily e
vents a
nd the n
um
ber
of paid
days
off s
hall b
e e
stablish
ed b
y t
he law
, th
e a
pplica
ble
collect
ive
labour
contr
act
, or
the c
om
panyÕs r
ule
s and r
egula
tions.
Art
icle
148.Ñ (1) For
solv
ing c
ert
ain
pers
onal pro
ble
ms,
em
plo
yees
shall b
e e
ntitled to u
npaid
holiday.
(2)
The applicable
collective la
bour contr
act
or th
ecom
panyÕs r
ule
s and r
egula
tions
shall e
stablish
the length
of th
e u
npaid
holiday.
Section 2
Vocational tr
ain
ing leaves
Art
icle
149.
Ñ (1
) The em
plo
yees
shall be entitled to
benefit, o
n r
equest
, fr
om
vocational tr
ain
ing leaves.
(2) Vocational tr
ain
ing leaves
can b
e p
aid
or
unpaid
. Art
icle
150.Ñ (1) The u
npaid
vocational tr
ain
ing leaves
shall be grante
d,
at
the em
plo
yeeÕs
request, fo
r th
edurati
on of
the vocati
onal
train
ing th
e em
plo
yee is
attendin
g o
n h
is/h
er
initia
tive.
(2) The e
mplo
yer
can o
nly
reje
ct th
e e
mplo
yeeÕs r
equest
base
d on th
e conse
nt
of
the tr
ade unio
n or, as
the case
may b
e, of
the e
mplo
yeesÕ r
epre
senta
tives
and o
nly
if
the
em
plo
yeeÕs
absence w
ould
cause serio
us harm
to
th
eactivity.
Law
no. 53/2
003
217
Art
icle
142.Ñ T
he e
mplo
yees
who w
ork
under
difficult,
dangero
us, or
harm
ful
conditio
ns, blind pers
ons, oth
er
dis
able
d p
eople
, and y
oung p
eople
, w
ho a
r not 18 y
ears
of
age sh
all benefit
from
an additio
nal
holiday of
at
least
3
work
ing d
ays.
Art
icle
143.Ñ (1) Takin
g o
neÕs h
oliday s
hall b
e b
ase
d o
na collective or in
div
idual
schedule
draw
n up by th
eem
plo
yer
after
havin
g c
onsu
lted the tra
de u
nio
n, or, a
s th
ecase
m
ay be,
the em
plo
yeesÕ re
pre
senta
tives, as
far
as
collective s
cheduling is
concern
ed, or
the e
mplo
yee, as
far
as
indiv
idual
scheduling is
concern
ed.
The sc
heduling
shall be done by th
e end of
the cale
ndar
year, fo
r th
ecom
ing y
ear.
(2)
Through th
e collective scheduling th
ere can be
est
ablish
ed h
oliday p
eri
ods, w
hic
h sh
all n
ot be less
than 3
month
s per
cate
gori
es
of pers
onnel or
work
pla
ces.
(3)
Thro
ugh th
e in
div
idual
scheduling th
ere
can be
est
ablish
ed t
he d
ate
of
the a
nnual
holiday o
r, a
s th
e c
ase
may b
e, th
e p
eri
od d
uri
ng w
hic
h t
he e
mplo
yee is
entitled
to annual
holiday,
whic
h perio
d shall not
exceed 3
month
s.
(4)
Within
th
e annual
holiday peri
ods
set
accord
ing to
para
gra
phs
(2) and (3), a
n e
mplo
yee c
an a
sk for
the a
nnual
holiday a
t le
ast
60 d
ays
befo
re the b
egin
nin
g there
of.
(5)
If th
e annual
holiday sc
heduling is
div
ided up, th
eem
plo
yer
is obliged to
do th
e sc
heduling so
th
at
each
em
plo
yee can ta
ke,
in one cale
ndar year,
at
least
15
work
ing d
ays
of unin
terr
upte
d a
nnual holiday.
Art
icle
144.
Ñ The em
plo
yee is
obliged to
th
e annual
holiday in
kin
d, duri
ng th
e peri
od he/s
he w
as
schedule
dfo
r, except
for
the si
tuations
expre
ssly
st
ipula
ted by th
ela
w,
or
when,
for
obje
ctive re
aso
ns, th
e annual
holiday
cannot be taken.
Arti
cle
145.
Ñ (1
) For th
e durati
on of
the annual
holiday,
the em
plo
yee shall benefi
t fr
om
an annual
holiday a
llow
ance, w
hic
h s
hall n
ot be low
er
than the tota
lvalu
e o
f th
e w
ages
due for
that peri
od.
(2)
The annual
holiday allow
ance re
pre
sents
th
e daily
avera
ge incom
e in the m
onth
(s) w
hen the h
oliday is
taken,
multip
lied b
y the n
um
ber
of days
off.
Labour
Code
216
(2)
For
the w
ork
perf
orm
ed base
d on th
e in
div
idual
labour
contr
act, e
ach e
mplo
yee s
hall b
e e
ntitled t
o w
ages
expre
ssed in m
oney.
(3)
When est
ablish
ing and granting th
e w
ages, any
dis
cri
min
ation is
pro
hib
ited fo
r cri
teri
a su
ch as
gender,
sexual
ori
enta
tion,
genetic chara
cte
rist
ics, age,
national
ori
gin
, ra
ce, colo
ur
of sk
in, eth
nic
ori
gin
, re
ligio
n, political
opti
ons,
socia
l orig
in,
dis
abilit
y,
fam
ily sit
uati
on or
resp
onsi
bility, tr
ade u
nio
n m
em
bers
hip
or
activity.
Art
icle
155.Ñ T
he w
ages
shall c
om
pri
se the b
asi
c w
ages,
allow
ances, b
enefits
, as
well a
s oth
er
additio
nal paym
ents
. Art
icle
156. Ñ T
he e
mplo
yers
shall p
ay the w
ages
befo
reany o
ther
cash
obligations.
Art
icle
157.Ñ (1) The w
ages
are
est
ablish
ed b
y m
eans
of
indiv
idual
and/o
r collective negotiations betw
een th
eem
plo
yer
and the e
mplo
yees
or
their
repre
senta
tives.
(2)
The w
age pla
n fo
r th
e personnel
of
the public
auth
ori
ties
and inst
itutions
financed e
ntire
ly o
r m
ost
ly b
yth
e s
tate
budget, t
he b
udget
of
socia
l st
ate
insu
rance, th
elo
cal
budgets
, and th
e budgets
of
the sp
ecia
l fu
nds, sh
all
be
set
by
the
law
, aft
er
consult
ati
on
wit
h
the
repre
senta
tive tra
de u
nio
ns.
Art
icle
158.
Ñ (1
) The w
ages
are
confidential, and th
eem
plo
yer
shall h
ave t
he o
bligation t
o t
ake n
ecess
ary
ste
ps
to k
eep c
onfidentiality
. (2
) W
ith a
vie
w to p
rom
oting the e
mplo
yeesÕ inte
rest
s and
defe
ndin
g their r
ights, th
e c
onfidentiality
of w
ages
shall n
ot
be oppose
d to
tr
ade unio
ns
or, as
the ca
se m
ay be, to
th
eem
plo
yeesÕ re
pre
senta
tives, in
st
rict
co
nnect
ion w
ith th
eir
inte
rests
and in their d
irect
rela
tion w
ith the e
mplo
yer.
CH
APTER I
I
Min
imu
m g
ua
ra
nte
ed
wa
ge
s
Art
icle
159.
Ñ (1
) The gro
ss national
min
imum
basi
cw
ages
guara
nte
ed to
be paid
, accord
ing to
th
e norm
al
work schedule
, shall be esta
blished by G
overnm
ent
decis
ion aft
er
consu
ltation w
ith th
e tr
ade unio
ns
and
em
plo
yers
Õ org
anis
ations. I
f th
e n
orm
al
work
schedule
is,
accord
ing to the law
, le
ss than 8
hours
per
day, th
e h
ourly
gro
ss m
inim
um
basi
c w
ages
shall b
e c
alc
ula
ted b
y r
ela
ting
Law
no. 53/2
003
219
Art
icle
151.Ñ (1) The a
pplication for
vocational tr
ain
ing
unpaid
leave s
hall b
e s
ubm
itte
d t
o
the e
mplo
yer
at
least
one m
onth
befo
re its
com
mencem
ent and it sh
all s
tate
the
date
of
com
mencem
ent
of
the vocational
train
ing te
rmand its
duration,
as
well as
the denom
ination of
the
vocational tr
ain
ing inst
itution.
(2)
The vocational
train
ing unpaid
le
ave can als
o be
taken in f
ractions
in the c
ours
e o
f one c
ale
ndar
year, w
ith
a vie
w to
ta
kin
g th
e exam
inations
for
gra
duating so
me
education in
stitutions
or
takin
g exam
inations
for
pass
ing
in th
e next
year of
hig
her educati
on in
sti
tuti
ons,
incom
pliance w
ith the term
s st
ipula
ted u
nder
para
gra
ph (1).
Art
icle
152.
Ñ (1
) If
, duri
ng one cale
ndar
year
Ñ fo
rem
plo
yees
aged up to
25 years
Ñ and tw
o conse
cutive
cale
ndar
years
Ñ fo
r em
plo
yees
aged over
25 years
Ñ,
resp
ect
ively
, th
e p
art
icip
ation in v
oca
tional tr
ain
ing h
as
not
been p
rovid
ed a
t th
e e
mplo
yerÕs
expense
, th
e e
mplo
yee in
quest
ion sh
all be entitled to
a vocational
train
ing le
ave,
paid
by the e
mplo
yer, o
f up to 1
0 w
ork
ing d
ays.
(2)
In th
e in
stance
st
ipula
ted under
para
gra
ph (1
), th
ele
ave a
llow
ance
shall b
e e
stablish
ed a
ccord
ing to a
rtic
le 1
45.
(3) The p
eriod d
uring w
hic
h a
n e
mplo
yee b
enefits
fro
mth
e paid
le
ave st
ipula
ted under
para
gra
ph (1
) sh
all be
mutu
ally a
gre
ed u
pon w
ith t
he e
mplo
yer. T
he a
pplica
tion
for
voca
tional tra
inin
g p
aid
leave s
hall b
e s
ubm
itte
d to the
em
plo
yer
under
the t
erm
s st
ipula
ted u
nder
art
icle
151 (1).
Art
icle
153.
Ñ The le
ngth
of
the vocational
train
ing
leave s
hall n
ot
be d
educte
d f
rom
the length
of
the a
nnual
holiday, and s
hall b
e c
onsi
dere
d a
n a
ctu
al w
ork
peri
od a
sre
gard
s th
e entitlem
ents
due to
th
e em
plo
yee oth
er
than
the w
ages.
TITLE IV
Wag
e p
lan
CH
APTER I
Ge
ne
ra
l p
ro
vis
ion
s
Art
icle
154.
Ñ (1
) The w
ages
are
th
e equiv
ale
nt
of
the
work
perf
orm
ed b
y t
he e
mplo
yee b
ase
d o
n t
he indiv
idual
labour
contr
act.
Labour
Code
218
Art
icle
162. Ñ (1) The w
ages
shall b
e p
aid
dir
ectly to the
incum
bent or
his
/her
repre
senta
tive.
(2) In
the e
vent of
the e
mplo
yeeÕs d
eath
, th
e w
ages
due
up to the d
ate
of
his
/her
death
shall b
e p
aid
, in
sequence,
to th
e su
rviv
ing sp
ouse
, th
e decease
d em
plo
yeeÕs m
ajo
rchildre
n, or
pare
nts
. If n
one o
f th
ese
cate
gori
es
of pers
ons
exis
ts,
the w
ages shall
be paid
to
oth
er heir
s,
incom
pliance w
ith the c
om
mon law
. Art
icle
163.
Ñ (1
) The paym
ent
of
the w
ages
shall be
pro
ved b
y the e
mplo
yee s
ignin
g the p
ayro
ll, as
well a
s any
oth
er
docum
enta
ry evid
ence pro
vin
g th
e paym
ent
has
been m
ade to the e
ntitled e
mplo
yee.
(2)
The payroll,
as w
ell as th
e oth
er docum
enta
ry
evid
ence,
shall be kept
and arc
hiv
ed by th
e em
plo
yer
under
the s
am
e c
onditio
ns
and f
or
the s
am
e t
erm
s as
the
accounting d
ocum
ents
, accord
ing to the law
. Art
icle
164.Ñ (1) No a
mount sh
all b
e w
ithheld
fro
m the
wages, except
for
the case
s and under
the cir
cum
stances
stip
ula
ted b
y the law
. (2
) No a
mounts
shall b
e w
ithheld
as
dam
ages
cause
d to
the e
mplo
yer
unle
ss the e
mplo
yeeÕs d
ebt is
due, liquid
and
exig
ible
, and h
as
been found a
s su
ch b
y a
judgm
ent w
hic
his
fin
al and irr
evocable
. (3
) If
several
credit
ors of
the em
plo
yee exis
t, th
efo
llow
ing s
equence s
hall b
e o
bse
rved:
a) child s
upport
, accord
ing to the F
am
ily L
aw
; b) contr
ibutions
and taxes
due to the s
tate
; c) dam
ages
cause
d to p
ublic p
ropert
y b
y m
eans
of illicit
actions;
d) to
cover
oth
er
debts
. (4
) The cum
ula
ted am
ounts
w
ithheld
fr
om
th
e w
ages
per
month
shall n
ot exceed h
alf o
f th
e n
et w
ages.
Art
icle
165.Ñ T
he a
ccepta
nce w
ithout re
serv
e o
f part
of
the w
ages
or
the si
gnatu
re of
the paym
ent
docum
ents
under
such cir
cum
stances
shall not
be const
rued as
aw
aiv
er by th
e em
plo
yee to
th
e enti
re w
ages due to
him
/her, a
ccord
ing t
o t
he p
rovis
ions
of
the l
aw
or
of
the
contr
act.
Art
icle
166.Ñ (1) The r
ight to
take a
ction a
s re
gard
s th
ew
age r
ights
, as
well a
s re
gard
s th
e d
am
ages
resu
ltin
g fro
mth
e fa
ilure to
com
ply
, enti
rely
or parti
ally,
wit
h th
e
Law
no. 53/2
003
221
the gro
ss national
min
imum
basi
c w
ages
to th
e m
onth
lyavera
ge num
ber
of
hours
accord
ing to
th
e la
wfu
l w
ork
schedule
appro
ved.
(2)
An em
plo
yer
shall not
negotiate
or
est
ablish
basi
cw
ages
by m
eans
of
the in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
belo
wth
e n
ational hourly g
ross
min
imum
basi
c w
ages.
(3)
The em
plo
yer
shall be obliged to
guara
nte
e th
epaym
ent of m
onth
ly g
ross
wages
at le
ast
equal to
the g
ross
national m
inim
um
basi
c w
ages. T
hese
pro
vis
ions
shall a
lso
apply
if th
e e
mplo
yee is
pre
sent fo
r w
ork
, accord
ing to the
schedule
, but
he/s
he c
annot
carr
y o
ut
his
/her
activity d
ue
to r
easo
ns
not im
puta
ble
to h
im/h
er, e
xcept fo
r st
rikes.
(4)
The em
plo
yer shall see th
at
the gross national
min
imum
basi
c w
ages
guara
nte
ed t
o b
e p
aid
are
notified
to the e
mplo
yees.
Art
icle
160.Ñ F
or
em
plo
yees
to w
hom
the e
mplo
yer, in
com
pliance w
ith th
e collecti
ve or in
div
idual
labour
contr
act, pro
vid
ed fo
od,
housi
ng or
oth
er
facilitie
s, th
eam
ount of m
oney d
ue for
the w
ork
perf
orm
ed s
hall n
ot be
low
er
than th
e gro
ss national
min
imum
w
ages
stip
ula
ted
by the law
.
CH
APTER I
II
Pa
ym
en
t o
f w
ag
es
Art
icle
161.
Ñ (1
) The w
ages
shall be paid
in
cash
at
least
once a m
onth
, on th
e date
sti
pula
ted in
th
ein
div
idual
labour
contr
act, in
th
e applicable
collective
labour
contr
act, o
r in
the c
om
panyÕs r
ule
s and r
egula
tions,
as
the c
ase
may b
e.
(2) The p
aym
ent
of
the w
ages
can b
e m
ade b
y t
ransf
er
to a
bank a
ccount, i
f su
ch a
modality
is
stip
ula
ted i
n t
he
applicable
collective labour
contr
act.
(3) The p
aym
ent in
kin
d o
f part
of th
e w
ages, a
ccord
ing
to th
e te
rms
stip
ula
ted under
art
icle
160,
shall only
be
poss
ible
if
expre
ssly
stipula
ted i
n t
he a
pplicable
collective
labour
contr
act or
the indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act.
(4) The u
nju
stifie
d d
ela
y in the p
aym
ent of th
e w
ages
or
the failure
to p
ay it ca
n c
ause
the e
mplo
yer
to b
e o
bliged to
pay d
am
ages
to c
over
the loss
cause
d to the e
mplo
yee.
Labour
Code
220
(3) The tra
nsf
er
of
the c
om
pany, of
the u
nit, or
of
part
sth
ere
of
shall n
ot
const
itute
the g
rounds
for
the indiv
idual
or
collective dis
mis
sal
of
the em
plo
yees
by th
e tr
ansf
ere
ror
the tra
nsf
ere
e.
Art
icle
170.
Ñ The tr
ansf
ere
r and th
e tr
ansf
ere
e m
ust
info
rm a
nd c
onsu
lt, pri
or
to t
he t
ransf
er, t
he t
rade u
nio
nor, as
the case
m
ay be, th
e em
plo
yeesÕ re
pre
senta
tives
as
regard
s th
e le
gal, econom
ic,
and so
cia
l conse
quences
for
the em
plo
yees
deri
vin
g fr
om
th
e tr
ansf
er
of
the pro
pert
yri
ght.
TITLE V
Lab
ou
r h
ealt
h a
nd
safe
ty
CH
APTER I
Ge
ne
ra
l ru
les
Arti
cle
171.
Ñ (1
) The em
plo
yer shall ta
ke all th
enecess
ary
ste
ps
to p
rote
ct
the e
mplo
yeesÕ liv
es
and h
ealth.
(2) The e
mplo
yer
must
ensu
re the e
mplo
yeesÕ s
afe
ty a
nd
health in a
ll w
ork
-rela
ted a
spects
.(3
) If a
n e
mplo
yer
turn
s to
outs
ide p
ers
ons
or
serv
ices,
this
shall n
ot
exonera
te h
im f
rom
lia
bility in t
his
dom
ain
.(4
) The e
mplo
yeesÕ o
bligations
as
regard
s la
bour
safe
tyand h
ealth s
hall n
ot affect th
e e
mplo
yerÕs
liability.
(5) The s
teps
concern
ing labour
safe
ty a
nd h
ealth s
hall,
by n
o m
eans, c
ause
fin
ancia
l obligations
to the e
mplo
yees.
Art
icle
172.
Ñ (1
) The pro
vis
ions
of
the pre
sent
title
shall b
e c
om
ple
ted b
y the p
rovis
ions
of th
e s
pecia
l la
w, th
eapplicable
collective la
bour
contr
acts
, as
well as
by th
ela
bour
safe
ty n
orm
s and r
egula
tions.
(2) The labour
safe
ty n
orm
s and r
egula
tions
can s
et up:
a)
general
labour safe
ty m
easures fo
r preventi
ng
industr
ial
accid
ents
and dis
eases,
appli
cable
to
all
em
plo
yers
;b) la
bour
safe
ty m
easu
res
typic
al of
cert
ain
pro
fess
ions
or
activitie
s;c)
typic
al
safe
ty m
easures appli
cable
to
certa
incate
gori
es
of pers
onnel;
d) pro
vis
ions
concern
ing the o
rganis
ation a
nd o
pera
tion
of sp
ecia
l bodie
s ensu
ring labour
safe
ty a
nd h
ealth.
Law
no. 53/2
003
223
obligations
concern
ing w
age p
aym
ent, s
hall b
e p
resc
ribed
within
3 years
fr
om
th
e date
on w
hic
h su
ch ri
ghts
w
ere
due. (2) The term
of pre
scri
ption s
tipula
ted u
nder
para
gra
ph
(1)
shall be dis
continued if th
e debto
r adm
its
the w
age
rights
or
deri
vin
g fro
m the p
aym
ent of th
e w
ages.
CH
APTER I
V
Gu
ara
nte
e f
un
d f
or
the
pa
ym
en
t o
f w
ag
e d
eb
ts
Art
icle
167.Ñ (1) The e
mplo
yer
shall h
ave to c
ontr
ibute
to th
e guara
nte
e fu
nd fo
r th
e paym
ent
of
wage debts
resu
ltin
g fr
om
th
e in
div
idual
labour
contr
acts
, accord
ing
to the law
.(2
) The g
uara
nte
e f
und f
or
the p
aym
ent
of
wage d
ebts
shall u
nderw
rite
the p
aym
ent th
ere
of.
Arti
cle
168.
Ñ W
hen esta
bli
shin
g and usin
g th
eguarante
e fu
nd fo
r th
e paym
ent
of
wage debts
, th
efo
llow
ing p
rincip
les
shall b
e o
bse
rved:
a) th
e p
atr
imony o
f th
e fund a
dm
inis
tration inst
itutions
must
be in
dependent
from
th
e w
ork
ing capital
of
the
com
panie
s and m
ust
be est
ablish
ed so
th
at
it cannot
be
seiz
ed d
uri
ng a
n inso
lvency p
rocedure
;b) th
e e
mplo
yers
shall c
ontr
ibute
to the fin
ancin
g if th
isis
not fu
lly c
overe
d b
y the p
ublic a
uth
ori
ties;
c)
the paym
ent
obligation of
the fu
nd adm
inis
tration
auth
ori
ties
shall exis
t in
dependently fr
om
m
eeting th
eobligation to c
ontr
ibute
to the fin
ancin
g.
CH
APTER V
Pro
tec
tio
n o
f e
mp
loye
esÕ
rig
hts
in
th
e e
ve
nt
of
a t
ra
nsfe
r o
f th
e c
om
pa
ny,
of
the
un
it,
or o
f p
arts
the
re
of
Art
icle
169.Ñ (1) The e
mplo
yees
shall b
enefit
from
the
pro
tection of
their
ri
ghts
in
th
e event
a tr
ansf
er
of
the
com
pany,
of
the unit,
or
of
part
s th
ere
of
takes
pla
ce to
anoth
er
em
plo
yer, a
ccord
ing to the law
.(2
) The tra
nsf
ere
rÕs
rights
and o
bligations, w
hic
h d
eri
ve
from
a labour
contr
act or
rela
tionsh
ip e
xis
ting o
n the d
ate
of
the tra
nsf
er, s
hall b
e f
ully tra
nsf
err
ed to the tra
nsf
ere
e.
Labour
Code
222
the labour
safe
ty a
nd h
ealth c
om
mitte
e a
nd the tra
de u
nio
nor, a
s th
e c
ase
may b
e, th
e e
mplo
yeesÕ r
epre
senta
tives.
(3) The inst
ruction s
tipula
ted u
nder
para
gra
ph (2) sh
all
be m
andato
ry in the c
ase
of
new
em
plo
yees, o
f th
ose
who
change t
he w
ork
pla
ce o
r th
e k
ind o
f w
ork
, and o
f th
ose
who re
sum
e activity aft
er
an in
terr
uption exceedin
g 6
month
s. I
n a
ll t
hese
case
s, t
he inst
ruction s
hall b
e c
arr
ied
out befo
re the a
ctu
al com
mencem
ent of w
ork
.(4
) The in
str
ucti
on shall
als
o be m
andato
ry if
am
endm
ents
to the a
pplicable
legis
lation o
ccur.
Art
icle
177.Ñ (1) W
ork
pla
ces
shall b
e o
rganis
ed s
o a
s to
guara
nte
e e
mplo
yeesÕ s
afe
ty a
nd h
ealth.
(2) The e
mplo
yer
shall o
rganis
e a
perm
anent
contr
ol of
the conditio
n of
mate
rials
, equip
ment, and su
bst
ances
used in
th
e w
ork process,
wit
h a vie
w to
prote
cti
ng
em
plo
yeesÕ h
ealth a
nd s
afe
ty.
(3)
The em
plo
yer
shall be re
sponsible
fo
r ensu
ring th
econditio
ns
for provid
ing th
e fi
rst
aid
in
th
e event
of
indust
rial acc
idents
, fo
r cr
eating fire p
revention c
onditio
ns,
as
well as
for
evacuating th
e em
plo
yees
under
specia
lco
nditio
ns
and in the e
vent of an im
min
ent danger.
Art
icle
178.
Ñ (1
) To ensu
re la
bour
safe
ty and health,
the in
sti
tuti
on auth
oris
ed by th
e la
w can order th
elim
itati
on or prohib
itio
n of
manufa
ctu
rin
g,
sellin
g,
importi
ng,
or usin
g under any ti
tle substa
nces and
pre
para
tions
whic
h a
re h
azard
ous
for
the e
mplo
yees.
(2)
Base
d on th
e appro
val
by th
e fa
cto
ry docto
r, th
efa
cto
ry in
specto
r can oblige th
e em
plo
yer
to re
quest
th
ecom
pete
nt
bodie
s to
perfo
rm
, fo
r a charge,
test
s and
exam
inations
of
products
, su
bst
ances, or preparations
whic
h are
deem
ed hazard
ous, in
ord
er
to know
th
eir
com
posi
tion and th
e effects
th
ey could
have on hum
an
body.
CH
APTER I
I
La
bo
ur s
afe
ty a
nd
he
alt
h c
om
mit
tee
Art
icle
179.Ñ (1) At th
e level of each e
mplo
yer, a
labour
safe
ty and health com
mitte
e sh
all be est
ablish
ed fo
r th
epurp
ose
of m
akin
g s
ure
the e
mplo
yees
are
involv
ed in the
dra
win
g u
p a
nd im
ple
menta
tion o
f la
bour
safe
ty d
ecis
ions.
Law
no. 53/2
003
225
c. 15
Art
icle
173.
Ñ (1
) W
ithin
his
ow
n re
sponsi
bilitie
s, an
em
plo
yer
shall t
ake a
ll t
he n
ecess
ary
ste
ps
with a
vie
w t
opro
tecting th
e sa
fety
and health of
em
plo
yees, in
clu
din
gth
e a
ctivitie
s of occupational ri
sks
pre
vention, to
pro
vid
ing
info
rmation a
nd t
rain
ing, as
well a
s to
im
ple
menting t
he
org
anis
ation o
f la
bour
safe
ty a
nd t
he n
ecess
ary
means
for
this
. (2)
In adopting and im
ple
menting th
e st
eps
stip
ula
ted
under
para
gra
ph (1
), th
e fo
llow
ing genera
l pre
vention
pri
ncip
les
shall b
e taken into
consi
dera
tion:
a) avoid
ing r
isks;
b) ass
ess
ing r
isks
whic
h c
annot be a
void
ed;
c) so
urc
e c
ontr
ol of ri
sks;
d)
adju
stin
g w
ork
to e
ach p
ers
on, esp
ecia
lly a
s re
gard
sth
e desi
gn of
work
pla
ces
and th
e choic
e of
work
and
producti
on equip
ment
and m
eth
ods,
wit
h specia
lem
phasi
s on le
ssenin
g m
onoto
nous
work
and re
petitive
work
, as
well as
the re
duction of
their
effects
on health;
e) ta
kin
g into
consi
dera
tion the technic
al pro
gre
ss;
f) r
epla
cin
g d
angero
us
item
s w
ith s
afe
or
less
dangero
us
ones; g) pla
nnin
g the p
revention;
h)
adopting collective sa
fety
m
easu
res
with pri
ori
ty as
again
st the indiv
idual sa
fety
measu
res;
i) in
form
ing th
e em
plo
yees about
the adequate
inst
ructions.
Art
icle
174.Ñ (1) The e
mplo
yer
shall b
e r
esp
onsi
ble
for
the org
anis
ation of
the la
bour
health and sa
fety
act
ivity.
(2)
The c
om
panyÕs r
ule
s and r
egula
tions
shall s
tipula
tein
a m
andato
ry m
anner
rule
s fo
r la
bour
safe
ty a
nd h
ealth.
(3)
In dra
win
g up th
e sa
fety
and health m
easu
res, th
eem
plo
yer
shall c
onsu
lt the tra
de u
nio
n o
r, a
s th
e c
ase
may
be,
the em
plo
yeesÕ re
pre
senta
tives, as
well as
the la
bour
safe
ty a
nd h
ealth c
om
mitte
e.
Arti
cle
175.
Ñ The em
plo
yer shall provid
e all th
eem
plo
yees
with in
sura
nces
for
indust
rial
accid
ents
and
dis
ease
s, a
ccord
ing to the law
.Article
176.
Ñ (1
) The em
plo
yer shall organis
e th
ein
stru
ction of
his
em
plo
yees
in la
bour
safe
ty and health.
(2)
The in
stru
ction sh
all be peri
odic
al, usi
ng sp
ecific
means
mutu
ally a
gre
ed u
pon b
y the e
mplo
yer
togeth
er
with
Labour
Code
224
Arti
cle
184.
Ñ (1
) The fa
cto
ry docto
r shall be an
em
plo
yee, cert
ifie
d i
n h
is/h
er
pro
fess
ion a
ccord
ing t
o t
he
law
, hold
er of
a la
bour contr
act
conclu
ded w
ith an
em
plo
yer
or
an e
mplo
yers
Õ org
anis
ation.
(2)
The fa
cto
ry docto
r shall
be in
dependent
inexerc
isin
g h
is/h
er
pro
fess
ion.
Art
icle
185.Ñ (1) The m
ain
duties
of
the f
acto
ry d
octo
rsh
all c
onsi
st o
f:a) pre
venting indust
rial accid
ents
and d
isease
s;b)
actu
ally m
onitori
ng th
e la
bour
hygie
ne and health
standard
s;c)
pro
vid
ing th
e em
plo
yeesÕ m
edic
al
check both
w
hen
com
mencin
g e
mplo
ym
ent and thro
ughout th
e e
xecution o
fth
e indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act.
(2)
With a vie
w to
accom
plish
ing his
/her
duties, th
efa
cto
ry docto
r can su
ggest
th
e em
plo
yer
to change th
ew
ork
pla
ce o
r th
e k
ind o
f w
ork
for
cert
ain
em
plo
yees, d
ue
to their
health c
onditio
n.
(3) The f
acto
ry d
octo
r sh
all b
e a
de jure
mem
ber
of
the
labour
safe
ty a
nd h
ealth c
om
mitte
e.
Art
icle
186.Ñ (1
) The fa
cto
ry docto
r sh
all se
t up, each
year, a pro
gra
mm
e of
activitie
s aim
ed at
impro
vin
g th
ew
ork
envir
onm
ent as
far
as
labour
health is
concern
ed for
each e
mplo
yer.
(2)
The ele
ments
of
such a pro
gra
mm
e are
ty
pic
al
of
each em
plo
yer
and su
bje
ct
to th
e appro
val
by th
e la
bour
safe
ty a
nd h
ealth c
om
mitte
e.
Art
icle
187.
Ñ A sp
ecia
l la
w sh
all re
gula
te th
e ty
pic
al
duties, th
e m
anner
of
activity org
anis
ation,
the contr
ol
bodie
s, as
well as
the ty
pic
al
pro
fess
ional
statu
s of
the
facto
ry d
octo
rs.
TITLE VI
Vo
cati
on
al tr
ain
ing
CH
APTER I
Ge
ne
ra
l p
ro
vis
ion
s
Art
icle
188.Ñ (
1)
The v
ocational
train
ing o
f em
plo
yees
shall h
ave the follow
ing m
ain
obje
ctives:
Law
no. 53/2
003
227
(2)
The la
bour
safe
ty and health com
mitte
e sh
all be
esta
blished am
ongst
the le
gal
enti
ties in
th
e public,
pri
vate
, and co-o
pera
tive se
cto
r, in
clu
din
g th
ose
havin
gfo
reig
n c
apital, w
hic
h c
arr
y o
ut activitie
s on the R
om
ania
nte
rritory
.Arti
cle
180.
Ñ (1
) The la
bour safe
ty and healt
hcom
mitte
e s
hall b
e e
stablish
ed b
y e
mplo
yers
who a
re legal
entities
and h
ave a
t le
ast
50 e
mplo
yees.
(2)
If th
e w
ork
conditio
ns
are
difficult,
harm
ful
or
dangerous,
the fa
cto
ry in
specto
r can request
the
est
ablish
ment of su
ch c
om
mitte
es
even for
em
plo
yers
who
have less
than 5
0 e
mplo
yees.
(3)
If th
e activity ta
kes
pla
ce in
units
spre
ad in
th
ete
rritory
, se
vera
l la
bour
safe
ty a
nd h
ealth c
om
mitte
es
can
be est
ablish
ed.
Their
num
ber sh
all be decid
ed in
th
eapplicable
collective labour
contr
act.
(4)
The la
bour
safe
ty and health com
mitte
e als
o co-
ord
inate
s th
e l
abour
safe
ty a
nd h
ealth m
easu
res
as
far
as
acti
vit
ies w
hic
h ta
ke pla
ce on a te
mporary basis
are
concern
ed, fo
r a d
ura
tion e
xceedin
g 3
month
s.(5
) In
case
the s
ettin
g u
p o
f a labour
safe
ty a
nd h
ealth
com
mitte
e is
not necess
ary
, th
e p
ers
on in c
harg
e o
f la
bour
safe
ty a
ppoin
ted b
y the e
mplo
yer
shall c
arr
y o
ut its
typic
al
duties.
Art
icle
181.
Ñ The com
posi
tion,
typic
al
duties, and
opera
tion o
f th
e labour
safe
ty a
nd h
ealth c
om
mitte
e s
hall
be r
egula
ted b
y o
rder
of
the m
inis
ter
of
labour
and s
ocia
lso
lidari
ty.
CH
APTER I
II
Em
plo
ye
esÕ
pro
tec
tio
n b
y m
ea
ns o
f m
ed
ica
l se
rv
ice
s
Art
icle
182.Ñ T
he e
mplo
yers
shall e
nsu
re the e
mplo
yeesÕ
acc
ess
to the m
edic
al se
rvic
e o
f in
dust
rial m
edic
ine.
Art
icle
183.
Ñ (1
) The m
edic
al
serv
ice of
indust
rial
medic
ine c
an b
e a
n a
uto
nom
ous
serv
ice o
rganis
ed b
y t
he
em
plo
yer or a servic
e provid
ed by an em
plo
yersÕ
org
anis
ation.
(2)
The le
ngth
of
the w
ork
perf
orm
ed by th
e fa
cto
rydocto
r sh
all be calc
ula
ted dependin
g on th
e num
ber
of
em
plo
yees
of th
at em
plo
yer, a
ccord
ing to the law
.
Labour
Code
226
quest
ion, ta
kin
g i
nto
consi
dera
tion t
he c
rite
ria c
onsi
dere
dfo
r th
e a
nnual vocational tr
ain
ing p
lan a
nd the c
onditio
ns
of activity a
t th
e w
ork
pla
ce.
Art
icle
193.
Ñ The actu
al
vocational
train
ing m
odality
,th
e parti
esÕ
rig
hts
and obligati
ons,
the le
ngth
of
the
vocational tr
ain
ing, as
well a
s any o
ther
asp
ects
rela
ted t
oth
e vocational
train
ing sh
all m
ake th
e obje
ct
of
som
eri
ders
to the indiv
idual la
bour
contr
acts
.Art
icle
194.
Ñ (1
) If
th
e particip
ation in
vocational
train
ing c
ours
es
or
peri
ods
is initia
ted b
y the e
mplo
yer, a
llth
e expenses in
curred fo
r th
at
particip
ation shall be
covere
d b
y h
im.
(2)
If, under
the te
rms
stip
ula
ted under
para
gra
ph (1
),th
e p
art
icip
ation i
n v
ocational tr
ain
ing c
ours
es
or
peri
ods
involv
es
a p
art
ial in
terr
uption o
f activity, th
e p
art
icip
ating
em
plo
yee s
hall b
enefit
from
wage e
ntitlem
ents
as
follow
s:a)
if th
e part
icip
ation in
volv
es
the in
terr
uption of
the
em
plo
yeeÕs a
ctivity f
or
a p
eri
od n
ot
exceedin
g 2
5% o
f th
enorm
al le
ngth
of th
e w
ork
ing d
ay, he/s
he s
hall b
enefit, for
the e
ntire
dura
tion o
f th
e v
ocational tr
ain
ing, fr
om
the full
wages
corr
esp
ondin
g to
his
/her
posi
tion and offic
e,
with
all a
llow
ances, b
enefits
and a
dditio
ns
to them
;b)
if t
he p
art
icip
ation i
nvolv
es
the i
nte
rruption o
f t
he
em
plo
yeeÕs activity fo
r a peri
od exceedin
g 25 % of
the
norm
al
length
of
the w
ork
ing day,
he/s
he sh
all benefit
from
the b
asi
c w
ages
and, as
the c
ase
may b
e, th
e s
enio
rity
bonus.
(3) If t
he p
art
icip
ation in v
ocational tr
ain
ing c
ours
es
or
perio
ds in
volv
es a fu
ll in
terrupti
on of
acti
vit
y,
the
indiv
idual
labour contr
act
of
that
em
plo
yee shall be
susp
ended,
and he/s
he sh
all benefit
from
an allow
ance
paid
by th
e em
plo
yer,
as
stip
ula
ted in
th
e applicable
collective la
bour contr
act
or in
th
e in
div
idual
labour
contr
act, a
s th
e c
ase
may b
e.
(4)
For th
e perio
d of
indiv
idual
labour contr
act
susp
ensi
on accord
ing to
th
e pro
vis
ions
stip
ula
ted under
para
gra
ph (3), t
he e
mplo
yee s
hall b
enefit
from
senio
rity
in
that
job,
that
perio
d bein
g consi
dered as
a perio
d of
contr
ibution to the s
yst
em
of so
cial st
ate
insu
rance
.
Law
no. 53/2
003
229
a) th
e e
mplo
yeeÕs a
dju
stm
ent to
the r
equir
em
ents
of th
eposi
tion o
r w
ork
pla
ce;
b)
the em
plo
yee obta
inin
g pro
fess
ional
qualifications;
c)
the updating of
the know
ledge and sk
ills ty
pic
al
of
the p
osi
tion a
nd w
ork
pla
ce a
nd t
he i
mpro
vem
ent
of
the
vocational tr
ain
ing for
the b
asi
c o
ccupation;
d)
the vocational
retr
ain
ing cause
d by so
cia
l-econom
icre
stru
ctu
ring;
e)
the acquis
itio
n of
advanced know
ledge,
modern
meth
ods
and pro
cedure
s, needed fo
r accom
plish
ing th
evocational activitie
s;f) the p
revention o
f th
e r
isk o
f unem
plo
ym
ent;
g) th
e c
are
er
advancem
ent and d
evelo
pm
ent.
(2)
The vocational
train
ing and know
ledge ass
ess
ment
shall take p
lace b
ase
d o
n o
ccupational st
andard
s.Art
icle
189.Ñ The em
plo
yeesÕ vocational
train
ing sh
all
be a
chie
ved thro
ugh the follow
ing form
s:a) part
icip
ation in c
ours
es
org
anis
ed b
y the e
mplo
yer
or
by th
e provid
ers of
vocati
onal
train
ing servic
es in
Rom
ania
or
abro
ad;
b) peri
ods
of vocational adju
stm
ent to
the r
equir
em
ents
of th
e p
osi
tion o
r w
ork
pla
ce;
c) peri
ods
of pra
ctice a
nd s
pecia
lisa
tion in R
om
ania
and
abro
ad;
d) on-the-job a
ppre
nticesh
ip;
e) in
div
idual tr
ain
ing;
f) oth
er
train
ing fo
rms
agre
ed upon by th
e em
plo
yer
and the e
mplo
yee.
Art
icle
190.Ñ T
he e
mplo
yer
shall p
rovid
e the e
mplo
yees
with p
eri
odic
al access
to v
ocational tr
ain
ing.
Art
icle
191.
Ñ (1
) The em
plo
yer
who is
a le
gal
entity
shall prepare annual
vocati
onal
train
ing pla
ns,
aft
er
consu
ltin
g th
e tr
ade unio
n or, as
the case
m
ay be,
the
em
plo
yeesÕ r
epre
senta
tives.
(2) The v
ocational tr
ain
ing p
lan s
hall b
e a
n inte
gra
l part
of th
e a
pplicable
collective labour
contr
act.
(3)
The em
plo
yees
shall have th
e ri
ght
to be in
form
ed
about th
e c
onte
nts
of th
e v
ocational tr
ain
ing p
lan.
Art
icle
192.
Ñ The in
div
idual
vocational
train
ing sh
all
be s
et
up b
y t
he e
mplo
yer
togeth
er
with t
he e
mplo
yee i
n
Labour
Code
228
Art
icle
197.
Ñ The em
plo
yees
who have conclu
ded a
rider
to t
he indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act
in c
onnection w
ith
vocational
train
ing can re
ceiv
e,
apart
fr
om
th
e w
ages
corr
esp
ondin
g to
th
eir
jo
b,
oth
er
advanta
ges
in kin
d fo
rvocational tr
ain
ing.
CH
APTER I
I
Sp
ec
ial
co
ntr
ac
ts f
or v
oc
ati
on
al
tra
inin
g o
rg
an
ise
d b
yth
e e
mp
loye
r
Art
icle
198.
Ñ Specia
l contr
acts
fo
r vocational
train
ing
are
deem
ed the p
rofe
ssio
nal qualification c
ontr
act and the
vocational adju
stm
ent contr
act.
Art
icle
199.Ñ (1) A p
rofe
ssio
nal qualification c
ontr
act is
a contr
act
base
d on w
hic
h an em
plo
yee undert
akes
toattend th
e tr
ain
ing cours
es
org
anis
ed by th
e em
plo
yer
with a
vie
w to a
cquir
ing p
rofe
ssio
nal qualifications.
(2) Pro
fess
ional qualification c
ontr
acts
can b
e c
onclu
ded
by e
mplo
yees
over
16 y
ears
old
, w
ho h
ave n
ot
acquir
ed a
qualification or
have acquir
ed a qualification w
hic
h does
not allow
them
to k
eep their
job w
ith that em
plo
yer.
(3)
A profe
ssio
nal
quali
ficati
on contr
act
shall be
conclu
ded for
a p
eri
od o
f 6 m
onth
s to
2 y
ears
.Art
icle
200.Ñ (1) Pro
fess
ional qualification c
ontr
acts
can
only
be c
onclu
ded b
y e
mplo
yers
lic
ense
d t
o t
his
effect
by
the M
inis
try of
Labour and Socia
l Solidarity and th
eM
inis
try o
f Education a
nd R
ese
arc
h.
(2) The l
icensi
ng p
rocedure
, as
well a
s th
e c
ert
ific
ation
of
the pro
fess
ional
qualification sh
all be st
ipula
ted in
a
specia
l la
w.
Art
icle
201.Ñ A
vocational adju
stm
ent
contr
act
shall b
econclu
ded i
n v
iew
of
the b
egin
ners
Õ adju
stm
ent
to a
new
posi
tion, a n
ew
work
pla
ce, or
a n
ew
team
.(2
) A v
ocational adju
stm
ent
contr
act
shall b
e c
onclu
ded
at
the sa
me tim
e as
the in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
or, as
the c
ase
may b
e, w
hen t
he e
mplo
yee c
om
mences
work
in
the new
posi
tion,
the new
w
ork
pla
ce,
or
the new
te
am
,accord
ing to the law
.Art
icle
202.Ñ (1) The v
ocational adju
stm
ent
contr
act
isa contr
act
conclu
ded fo
r a lim
ited dura
tion,
whic
h sh
all
not exceed o
ne y
ear.
Law
no. 53/2
003
231
Art
icle
195.
Ñ (1
) The em
plo
yees
who have benefite
dfr
om
a vocational
train
ing cours
e or
peri
od exceedin
g 60
days
under
the term
s of
art
icle
194 (2) b) and (3) sh
all n
ot
be allow
ed to
re
quest
th
e te
rmin
ation of
the in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
for
a peri
od of
at
least
3 years
fr
om
th
edate
of
gra
duation of
the vocational
train
ing cours
es
or
peri
od.
(2)
The dura
tion of
the em
plo
yeeÕs obligation to
w
ork
for
the em
plo
yer
who covere
d th
e expense
s in
curr
ed fo
rth
e v
ocational tr
ain
ing, as
well a
s any o
ther
asp
ect
s re
late
dto
the e
mplo
yeeÕs o
bligations, s
ubse
quent to
the v
ocational
train
ing, sh
all b
e s
et up in a
rid
er
to the indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act.
(3)
The fa
ilure
by th
e em
plo
yee to
com
ply
w
ith th
eprovis
ion sti
pula
ted under paragraph (1
) shall cause
him
/her
to cover
all th
e expense
s in
curr
ed fo
r his
/her
vocati
onal
train
ing,
in proporti
on to
th
e perio
d not
work
ed f
rom
the p
eri
od e
stablish
ed a
ccord
ing to the r
ider
to the indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act.
(4)
The obligation st
ipula
ted under
para
gra
ph (3
) sh
all
also a
pply
to e
mplo
yees
who h
ave b
een d
ism
isse
d d
uri
ng
the perio
d esta
blished in
th
e rid
er,
for dis
cip
linary
reaso
ns, or
whose
in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
has
cease
ddue to
th
em
bein
g ta
ken in
to pre
ventive cust
ody fo
r a
peri
od e
xceedin
g 6
0 d
ays, b
ein
g s
ente
nced b
y m
eans
of
aju
dgm
ent, w
hic
h w
as
final, f
or
an o
ffence r
ela
ted t
o t
heir
job, as
well a
s if a
cri
min
al court
has
pla
ced o
n h
im/h
er
ate
mpora
ry or
perm
anent
inte
rdic
tion to
exerc
ise his
/her
pro
fess
ion.
Art
icle
196.
Ñ (1
) If th
e em
plo
yee has
the in
itia
tive of
part
icip
ating in a
n o
ff-the-job v
ocational tr
ain
ing form
, th
eem
plo
yer
shall re
vie
w th
e em
plo
yeeÕs re
quest
to
geth
er
wit
h th
e tr
ade unio
n or,
as th
e case m
ay be,
the
em
plo
yeesÕ r
epre
senta
tives.
(2)
The em
plo
yer
shall decid
e on th
e re
quest
file
d by
the em
plo
yee accord
ing to
para
gra
ph (1
) w
ithin
15 days
from
th
e re
ceip
t of
the re
quest
. At
the sa
me tim
e,
the
em
plo
yer
shall decid
e on th
e te
rms
under
whic
h he w
ill
allow
th
e em
plo
yee to
parti
cip
ate
in
th
e vocati
onal
train
ing f
orm
, in
clu
din
g w
heth
er
he w
ill cover
the c
ost
of
this
entire
ly o
r part
ially.
Labour
Code
230
Art
icle
206.Ñ T
he e
mplo
yer
license
d b
y the M
inis
try o
fLabour
and S
ocia
l Solidari
ty s
hall c
onclu
de t
he o
n-the-job
appre
nticesh
ip c
ontr
act.
Arti
cle
207.
Ñ (1
) There can be em
plo
yed as an
appre
ntice any young pers
on w
ho hold
s no pro
fess
ional
quali
ficati
on and w
ho,
by th
e begin
nin
g of
the
appre
nticesh
ip p
eri
od, has
not tu
rned 2
5 y
ears
of age.
(2)
An appre
ntice sh
all benefit
from
th
e pro
vis
ions
applicable
to the o
ther
em
plo
yees
unle
ss they a
re c
ontr
ary
to those
typic
al of th
e a
ppre
nticeÕs s
tatu
s.Art
icle
208.
Ñ The tim
e needed by th
e appre
ntice to
particip
ate
in theore
tica
l act
ivitie
s re
late
d to h
is/h
er voca
tional
train
ing s
hall b
e included in the n
orm
al w
ork
sch
edule
.Article
209.Ñ A
ppre
ntice
s are
pro
hib
ited fro
m p
erf
orm
ing:
a)
work under dif
ficult
, harm
ful, or dangerous
conditio
ns;
b) overt
ime;
c) nig
ht w
ork
.Art
icle
210.
Ñ The on-the-job appre
nticesh
ip contr
act
shall
com
pris
e,
besid
es th
e m
andato
ry provis
ions
stip
ula
ted in t
he indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act, t
he f
ollow
ing:
a) th
e m
ention o
f th
e p
ers
on w
ho is
to t
ake c
are
of
the
appre
nticeÕs tr
ain
ing,
called appre
nticesh
ip fo
rem
an,
and
the q
ualification there
of;
b)
the dura
tion needed fo
r obta
inin
g th
e qualification
in that tr
ade;
c) th
e b
enefits
in k
ind g
rante
d to the a
ppre
ntice in v
iew
of th
e p
rofe
ssio
nal qualification.
Art
icle
211.Ñ (1
) The appre
nticesh
ip fo
rem
an sh
all be
an em
plo
yee of
the em
plo
yer,
bein
g certi
fied fo
rappre
nticesÕ tra
inin
g.
(2)
The M
inis
try of
Labour
and Socia
l Solidari
ty sh
all
cert
ify the a
ppre
nticesh
ip fore
man.
Arti
cle
212.
Ñ (1
) The apprenti
ceÕs
abil
itie
s of
perfo
rm
ing th
e tr
ade fo
r w
hic
h he is
bein
g tr
ain
ed
thro
ugh t
he o
n-the-job a
ppre
nticesh
ip c
ontr
act
shall m
ake
the o
bje
ct of a fin
al check b
y the e
mplo
yer.
(2)
The e
mplo
yees
whose
vocational
train
ing h
as
made
the obje
ct
of
an on-the-job appre
nticesh
ip contr
act
shall
not
be o
bliged t
o c
over
the t
rain
ing e
xpense
s in
curr
ed b
yth
e e
mplo
yer.
Law
no. 53/2
003
233
(2) O
n t
he e
xpir
y o
f th
e v
ocational adju
stm
ent
contr
act
tim
e l
imit, th
e e
mplo
yee c
an b
e s
ubje
ct
to a
n a
ssess
ment
with a
vie
w to s
eein
g to w
hat exte
nt he/s
he c
an c
ope w
ith
the new
posi
tion,
new
w
ork
pla
ce,
or
new
te
am
w
here
he/s
he is
to w
ork
.Art
icle
203.Ñ (1) A tra
iner
shall c
arr
y o
ut th
e v
ocational
train
ing at
the em
plo
yerÕs
le
vel
by m
eans of
specia
lcontr
acts
.(2
) The tra
iner
shall b
e a
ppoin
ted b
y the e
mplo
yer
from
am
ongst
the qualifi
ed em
plo
yees,
wit
h a vocati
onal
experi
ence of
at
least
2 years
in
th
e field
in
w
hic
h th
evocational tr
ain
ing is
to take p
lace.
(3) A tra
iner
can p
rovid
e tra
inin
g, at th
e s
am
e tim
e, to
3em
plo
yees
at th
e m
ost
.(4
) The e
xerc
ise o
f th
e v
ocational tr
ain
ing a
ctivity s
hall
be inclu
ded in the tra
inerÕs
norm
al w
ork
schedule
.Art
icle
204.Ñ (1) The tra
iner
must
receiv
e, help
, in
form
,and guid
e th
e em
plo
yee th
roughout
the dura
tion of
the
specia
l vocational
train
ing contr
act, and su
perv
ise th
ecom
pliance w
ith th
e jo
b duties correspondin
g to
th
eposi
tion o
f th
e tra
inee.
(2)
The tr
ain
er
shall fa
cilitate
th
e co-o
pera
tion w
ith
oth
er
train
ing b
odie
s, a
nd p
art
icip
ate
in the a
ssess
ment of
the em
plo
yee havin
g benefite
d fr
om
vocational
train
ing.
CH
APTER I
II
On
-th
e-j
ob
ap
pre
nti
ce
sh
ip c
on
tra
ct
Art
icle
205. Ñ (
1)
An o
n-the-job a
ppre
nticesh
ip c
ontr
act
is a
part
icula
r ty
pe o
f in
div
idual la
bour
contr
act, b
ase
d o
nw
hic
h:
a)
the em
plo
yer,
as
a le
gal
or natu
ral
entity
, sh
all
underta
ke to
provid
e th
e apprenti
ce w
ith vocati
onal
train
ing in a
cert
ain
tra
de, besi
des
the p
aym
ent
of
wages;
b)
the appre
ntice undert
akes
to attend th
e vocational
train
ing cours
es
and to
w
ork
as
a su
bord
inate
of
that
em
plo
yer.
(2)
The on-the-job apprenticeship
contr
act
shall be
conclu
ded fo
r a lim
ited dura
tion, w
hic
h cannot
exceed 3
years
.
Labour
Code
232
adopte
d b
y m
eans
of a d
em
ocra
tic p
rocedure
, accord
ing to
the law
.Art
icle
218.
Ñ The tr
ade unio
ns
shall part
icip
ate
by
means
of
their
ow
n r
epre
senta
tives, a
ccord
ing t
o t
he l
aw
,in
negotiations
and th
e conclu
sion of
collective la
bour
contr
acts
, in
ta
lks or agreem
ents
w
ith th
e publi
cauth
ori
ties
and t
he e
mplo
yers
Õ org
anis
ations, a
s w
ell a
s in
the s
tructu
res
typic
al of th
e s
ocia
l dia
logue.
Art
icle
219.Ñ T
he t
rade u
nio
ns
can b
ecom
e a
ssocia
ted
freely
, accord
ing to the law
, in
federa
tions, c
onfe
dera
tions,
or
terr
itori
al unio
ns.
Art
icle
220.Ñ T
he e
xerc
ise o
f th
e t
rade u
nio
n r
ight
by
the em
plo
yees shall be recognis
ed at
the le
vel
of
all
em
plo
yers
, obse
rvin
g t
he r
ights
and f
reedom
s guara
nte
ed
in t
he C
onst
itution a
nd in c
om
pliance w
ith t
he p
rovis
ions
of th
e p
rese
nt code a
nd o
f th
e s
pecia
l la
ws.
Arti
cle
221.
Ñ (1
) Any in
terventi
on by th
e public
auth
ori
ties
liable
to
lim
it th
e tr
ade unio
n ri
ghts
or
topre
vent th
eir
law
ful exerc
ise s
hall b
e p
rohib
ited.
(2) Also, all inte
rfere
nce b
y the e
mplo
yers
or
em
plo
yers
Õorganis
ati
ons,
eit
her dir
ectl
y or by m
eans of
their
repre
senta
tives
or
mem
bers
, in
the e
stablish
ment
of
trade
unio
ns or in
th
e exercis
e of
their
rig
hts
shall
be
pro
hib
ited.
Art
icle
222.
Ñ At
the re
quest
of
their
m
em
bers
, th
etr
ade u
nio
ns
can r
epre
sent th
em
in c
onflic
ts o
f ri
ghts
.Art
icle
223.
Ñ (1
) The re
pre
senta
tives
ele
cte
d in
th
em
anagem
ent bodie
s of
the tra
de u
nio
ns
shall b
e p
rote
cte
dby t
he law
again
st a
ll f
orm
s of
conditio
nin
g, const
rain
t or
lim
itation o
f th
e e
xerc
ise o
f th
eir
functions.
(2) For
the d
ura
tion o
f th
eir
offic
e, as
well a
s fo
r 2 y
ears
after
its
term
ination,
the re
pre
senta
tives
ele
cte
d in
th
etr
ade unio
n m
anagem
ent
bodie
s cannot
be dis
mis
sed fo
rre
aso
ns
not
connecte
d w
ith th
e em
plo
yeeÕs pers
on,
for
bein
g pro
fess
ionally unfit, or
for
reaso
ns
rela
ted to
th
eoffic
e r
eceiv
ed fro
m the e
mplo
yees
in the c
om
pany.
(3)
Oth
er
steps
for
pro
tecting th
e pers
ons
ele
cte
d in
trade unio
n m
anagem
ent
bodie
s sh
all be provid
ed in
specia
l la
ws and in
th
e applicable
collecti
ve la
bour
contr
act.
Law
no. 53/2
003
235
Artic
le 2
13.Ñ T
he c
ontr
ol of th
e o
n-the-job a
ppre
ntice
ship
act
ivity, th
e a
ppre
ntice
Õs sta
tus, the c
onclusion a
nd e
xecu
tion
of
the on-the-job appre
ntice
ship
co
ntr
act
, th
e lice
nsing of
em
plo
yers fo
r conclu
din
g on-the-job apprenti
ceship
contr
act
s, th
e ce
rtific
ation of
the appre
ntice
ship
fo
rem
an,
the final
check
of
the appre
ntice
Õs abilitie
s, as
well as
any
oth
er aspects
rela
ted to
th
e on-the-job apprenticesh
ipco
ntr
act
shall b
e r
egula
ted b
y a
speci
al la
w.
TITLEVII
So
cia
l d
ialo
gu
e
CH
APTER I
Ge
ne
ra
l p
ro
vis
ion
s
Art
icle
214.Ñ T
o e
nsu
re the c
lim
ate
of st
ability a
nd s
oci
al
peace
, th
e law
shall r
egula
te the m
odalities
of co
nsu
ltations
and p
erm
anent dia
logue b
etw
een the s
oci
al part
ners
.Art
icle
215.
Ñ The Econom
ic and Socia
l Council is
a
trip
arti
te,
auto
nom
ous public in
sti
tuti
on of
nati
onal
inte
rest
, est
ablish
ed f
or
the p
urp
ose
of
facilitating n
ation-
wid
e s
ocia
l dia
logue.
Art
icle
216.
Ñ W
ithin
m
inis
trie
s and pre
fectÕs
offic
es,
accordin
g to
th
e la
w,
consult
ati
ve socia
l-dia
logue
com
mis
sio
ns
shall
operate
am
ong
the
publi
cadm
inis
tration, tr
ade u
nio
ns, a
nd e
mplo
yers
Õ org
anis
ation.
CH
APTER I
I
Tra
de
un
ion
s
Art
icle
217.
Ñ (1
) The tr
ade unio
ns
are
in
dependent
legal entities, w
ithout a p
atr
imony p
urp
ose
, est
ablish
ed for
the p
urp
ose
of defe
ndin
g a
nd p
rom
oting the c
ollective a
nd
indiv
idual
rights
, as
well as
the pro
fess
ional, econom
ic,
socia
l, cultura
l, and sp
ort
ing in
tere
sts
of
their
m
em
bers
.(2
) A specia
l la
w shall regula
te th
e te
rm
s and th
epro
cedure
for
trade u
nio
ns
acquir
ing legal st
atu
s.(3
) The t
rade u
nio
ns
shall h
ave t
he r
ight
to r
egula
te, in
their
ow
n sta
tute
s,
their
m
anner of
organis
ati
on,
ass
ocia
tion and adm
inis
tration,
pro
vid
ed th
e st
atu
tes
are
Labour
Code
234
d)
to notify
th
e la
bour
insp
ecto
rate
about
the non-
obse
rvance o
f th
e p
rovis
ions
of
the law
and the a
pplicable
collective labour
contr
act.
Arti
cle
227.
Ñ
The
duti
es
of
the
em
plo
yeesÕ
repre
senta
tive, th
e w
ay these
are
met, a
s w
ell a
s th
e length
and lim
its
of
their
te
rm of
off
ice sh
all be est
ablish
ed
duri
ng t
he e
mplo
yeesÕ g
enera
l m
eetings, a
ccord
ing t
o t
he
law
. Article
228.
Ñ The tim
e devote
d to
th
e em
plo
yeesÕ
repre
senta
tives
in v
iew
of
carr
yin
g o
ut
the t
erm
of
offic
esh
all be 20 hours
per
month
and sh
all be deem
ed as
actu
al w
ork
ing tim
e, bein
g p
aid
accord
ingly
.Art
icle
229.
Ñ D
uri
ng th
e exerc
ise of
their
te
rm of
off
ice,
the em
plo
yeesÕ
representa
tives shall
not
be
dis
mis
sed fo
r re
aso
ns
not
connecte
d w
ith th
e em
plo
yeeÕs
person,
for bein
g profe
ssio
nally unfi
t, or fo
r reaso
ns
rela
ted to the c
arr
yin
g o
ut of th
e term
of offic
e.
CH
APTER I
V
Em
plo
ye
rsÕ
org
an
isa
tio
ns
Arti
cle
230.
Ñ The ow
ner,
called em
plo
yer
in th
epre
sent code, is
a r
egis
tere
d legal entity
or
a n
atu
ral entity
cert
ifie
d a
ccord
ing t
o t
he law
, w
ho m
anages
and u
ses
the
capit
al, ir
respecti
ve of
its kin
d,
for th
e purpose of
obta
inin
g a pro
fit
under
conditio
ns
of
com
petition,
and
who e
mplo
ys
paid
work
.Art
icle
231.
Ñ (1
) The em
plo
yersÕ
organis
ations
are
auto
nom
ous organis
ati
ons of
the ow
ners,
wit
hout
apolitical chara
cte
r, e
stablish
ed a
s pri
vate
law
legal entities,
without a p
atr
imony p
urp
ose
.(2
) The em
plo
yerÕs
organis
ati
ons can consti
tute
em
plo
yers
Õ unio
ns, fe
dera
tions, confe
dera
tions, or
oth
er
ass
ocia
tive s
tructu
res.
Art
icle
232.Ñ (1) The e
mplo
yers
Õ org
anisations
repre
sent,
support
, and d
efe
nd the inte
rest
s of th
eir m
em
bers
in their
rela
tionsh
ips
with t
he p
ublic
auth
orities, t
rade u
nio
ns
and
oth
er
legal and n
atu
ral entities, d
ependin
g o
n the o
ject
and
purp
ose
of
their act
ivity,
acc
ord
ing to
th
eir ow
n st
atu
tes
and the p
rovisio
ns
of th
e law
.
Law
no. 53/2
003
237
CH
APTER I
II
Em
plo
ye
esÕ
re
pre
se
nta
tiv
es
Art
icle
224.Ñ (
1)
With e
mplo
yers
where
no m
ore
than
20 em
plo
yees
exis
t and if none of
them
is
a tr
ade unio
nm
em
ber, their
inte
rest
s can b
e p
rom
ote
d a
nd d
efe
nded b
yth
eir
re
pre
senta
tives, sp
ecia
lly ele
cte
d and auth
ori
sed fo
rth
is p
urp
ose
.(2
) The em
plo
yeesÕ re
pre
senta
tives
shall be ele
cte
d in
the em
plo
yeesÕ genera
l m
eeting,
base
d on th
e vote
by at
least
half o
f th
e tota
l num
ber
of em
plo
yees.
(3)
The em
plo
yeesÕ re
pre
senta
tives
shall not
carr
y out
activitie
s w
hic
h are
, accord
ing to
th
e la
w,
exclu
sive to
trade u
nio
ns.
Art
icle
225.
Ñ (1
) As
em
plo
yeesÕ re
pre
senta
tives
there
can b
e e
lecte
d the e
mplo
yees
who h
ave turn
ed 2
1 y
ears
of
age and have w
ork
ed w
ith th
e em
plo
yer
for
at
least
one
year
without in
terr
uptions.
(2)
The conditio
n of
the le
ngth
of
serv
ice st
ipula
ted
under
para
gra
ph (1) is
not
requir
ed t
o t
he e
lection o
f th
eem
plo
yeesÕ
representa
tives
in
new
ly
esta
bli
shed
com
panie
s.(3
) The num
ber
of
ele
cte
d em
plo
yeesÕ re
pre
senta
tives
shall be m
utu
ally agre
ed upon w
ith th
e em
plo
yer, in
rela
tion to the n
um
ber
of his
em
plo
yees.
(4)
The le
ngth
of
the te
rm of
offic
e of
the em
plo
yeesÕ
repre
senta
tives
shall n
ot exceed 2
years
.Art
icle
226. Ñ T
he e
mplo
yeesÕ r
epre
senta
tives
shall h
ave
the follow
ing m
ain
duties:
a)
to s
ee t
hat
the e
mplo
yeesÕ r
ights
are
com
plied w
ith,
in a
ccord
ance w
ith t
he l
egis
lation i
n f
orc
e, th
e a
pplicable
collective l
abour
contr
act, t
he i
ndiv
idual
labour
contr
acts
,and the c
om
panyÕs r
ule
s and r
egula
tions;
b)
to part
icip
ate
in
th
e dra
win
g up of
the com
panyÕs
rule
s and r
egula
tions;
c)
to prom
ote
th
e em
plo
yeesÕ
inte
rests
concernin
gw
ages,
work conditio
ns,
workin
g tim
e and rest
tim
e,
labour sta
bil
ity,
as w
ell
as any oth
er profe
ssio
nal,
econom
ic
and
socia
l in
terests
rela
ted
to
labour
rela
tionsh
ips;
Labour
Code
236
(3)
When negotiating th
e cla
use
s and conclu
din
g th
ecollective la
bour
contr
acts
, th
e part
ies
shall be equal
and
free.
(4)
The coll
ecti
ve la
bour contr
acts
, conclu
ded in
com
pliance w
ith the p
rovis
ions
of
the law
, sh
all c
onst
itute
the law
of th
e p
art
ies.
Art
icle
237.Ñ T
he p
art
ies, t
heir
repre
senta
tion, and t
he
pro
cedure
fo
r negotiating and conclu
din
g th
e collective
labour
contr
acts
, sh
all b
e e
stablish
ed a
ccord
ing to the law
.Art
icle
238.
Ñ (1
) The collective la
bour
contr
acts
sh
all
not
conta
in cla
use
s w
hic
h se
t up ri
ghts
at
a lo
wer
level
than th
e one se
t up in
th
e collective la
bour
contr
acts
conclu
ded a
t a h
igher
level.
(2)
The in
div
idual
labour
contr
acts
sh
all not
conta
incla
use
s se
ttin
g u
p r
ights
at
a low
er
level th
an t
he o
ne s
et
up in the c
ollective labour
contr
acts
.(3
) W
hen c
onclu
din
g t
he c
ollective l
abour
contr
act, t
he
pro
vis
ions
of
the la
w concern
ing th
e em
plo
yeesÕ ri
ghts
shall h
ave a
min
imum
level.
Art
icle
239.
Ñ The pro
vis
ions
of
the collective la
bour
contr
act
shall cause
effects
fo
r all em
plo
yees, ir
resp
ective
of th
eir
date
of em
plo
ym
ent or
affilia
tion to a
tra
de u
nio
n.
Art
icle
240.Ñ (1) The c
ollective labour
contr
acts
can b
econclu
ded at
the le
vel
of
the em
plo
yers,
branches of
activity, or
at a n
ational le
vel.
(2) The c
ollective labour
contr
acts
can a
lso b
e c
onclu
ded
at
the le
vel
of
gro
ups
of
em
plo
yers
, here
inaft
er
called
gro
ups
of em
plo
yers
.Art
icle
241.
Ñ (1
) The cla
use
s of
the collective la
bour
contr
acts
shall c
ause
effects
as
follow
s:a)
for all em
plo
yerÕs
em
plo
yees, in
th
e case
of
the
collective labour
contr
acts
conclu
ded a
t su
ch level;
b) fo
r all e
mplo
yees
hir
ed b
y e
mplo
yers
who b
elo
ng t
oth
e gro
up of
em
plo
yers
fo
r w
hic
h th
e collective la
bour
contr
act has
been c
onclu
ded a
t th
is level;
c)
for
all em
plo
yees
hir
ed by all th
e em
plo
yers
in
th
ebra
nch o
f activity f
or
whic
h t
he c
ollective labour
contr
act
has
been c
onclu
ded a
t th
is level;
d)
for
all em
plo
yees
hir
ed by all th
e em
plo
yers
in
th
ecountr
y, in
th
e case
of
the collective la
bour
contr
act
at
anational le
vel.
Law
no. 53/2
003
239
(2)
At
the re
quest
of
their
m
em
bers
, th
e em
plo
yers
Õorg
anis
ations
can r
epre
sent
them
in t
he e
vent
of
conflic
tsof ri
ghts
.Arti
cle
233.
Ñ
The
law
again
st
all
fo
rm
s
of
dis
cri
min
ation,
conditio
nin
g,
const
rain
t or
lim
itation of
the exerc
ise of
their
fu
nctions
shall pro
tect
the m
em
bers
of
the ele
cte
d m
anagem
ent
bodie
s of
the em
plo
yersÕ
org
anis
ations.
Art
icle
234.
Ñ The em
plo
yers
Õ org
anis
ations
shall be
socia
l partn
ers in
coll
ecti
ve la
bour rela
tionship
s,
part
icip
ating,
by m
eans
of
their
ow
n re
pre
senta
tives, in
the negoti
ati
on and conclu
din
g of
collecti
ve la
bour
contr
acts
, in
ta
lks and agreem
ents
w
ith th
e publi
cauth
orit
ies and th
e tr
ade unio
ns,
as w
ell as in
th
est
ructu
res
typic
al of th
e s
ocia
l dia
logue.
Art
icle
235.
Ñ (1
) The est
ablish
ment
and opera
tion of
em
plo
yers
Õ ass
ocia
tions, as
well as
the exerc
ise of
their
rights
and o
bligations, s
hall b
e r
egula
ted b
y the law
.(2
) Any i
nte
rvention b
y t
he p
ublic a
uth
ori
ties, w
hic
h i
slikely
to
lim
it th
e exercis
e of
em
plo
yersÕ
rig
hts
or to
pre
vent th
eir
law
ful exerc
ise, sh
all b
e p
rohib
ited.
(3)
Any in
terf
ere
nce by th
e em
plo
yees
or
the tr
ade
unio
n,
dir
ectly or
by m
eans
of
their
re
pre
senta
tives
or
trade u
nio
n m
em
bers
, in
the e
stablish
ment
of
em
plo
yers
Õass
ocia
tions
or
in t
he e
xerc
ise o
f th
eir
rig
hts
shall a
lso b
epro
hib
ited.
TITLE VIII
Co
llecti
ve lab
ou
r co
ntr
acts
Art
icle
236.
Ñ (1
) The collective la
bour
contr
act
is th
eagreem
ent
conclu
ded in
a w
rit
ten fo
rm
betw
een th
eem
plo
yer
or
the e
mplo
yers
Õ org
anis
ation, on the o
ne h
and,
and t
he e
mplo
yees, r
epre
sente
d b
y t
he t
rade u
nio
ns
or
inany o
ther
manner
stip
ula
ted b
y t
he l
aw
, on t
he o
ther, b
ym
eans
of
whic
h cla
use
s are
se
t up concern
ing th
e w
ork
conditio
ns, the w
ages, a
s w
ell a
s oth
er
rights
and lia
bilitie
sderi
vin
g fro
m the labour
rela
tionsh
ips.
(2) The c
ollective n
egotiation is
mandato
ry, except w
hen
the e
mplo
yer
has
less
than 2
1 e
mplo
yees.
Labour
Code
238
the negotiations
for
the collective la
bour
contr
acts
are
conflic
ts re
ferr
ing to
em
plo
yeesÕ pro
fess
ional, so
cia
l, or
econom
ic inte
rest
s, c
alled c
onflic
ts o
f in
tere
sts.
(3)
The i
ndust
rial
conflic
ts w
hose
obje
ct
is t
he e
xerc
ise
of
som
e rig
hts
or th
e m
eeti
ng of
certa
in obligati
ons
deri
vin
g fr
om
la
ws
or
oth
er
regula
tions, as
well as
from
the collective or
indiv
idual
labour
contr
acts
are
co
nflic
tsre
ferr
ing to the e
mplo
yeesÕ r
ights
, called c
onflic
ts o
f ri
ghts
.Art
icle
249.
Ñ The pro
cedure
fo
r re
solv
ing in
dust
rial
conflic
ts s
hall b
e s
et by a
specia
l la
w.
CH
APTER I
I
Str
ike
Art
icle
250.
Ñ The em
plo
yees
shall have th
e ri
ght
tostr
ike w
ith a vie
w to
defe
ndin
g th
eir
profe
ssio
nal,
econom
ic, and s
ocia
l in
tere
sts.
Arti
cle
251.
Ñ (1
) A str
ike m
eans a volu
nta
ry or
collective c
ess
ation o
f w
ork
by the e
mplo
yees.
(2) The e
mplo
yeesÕ p
art
icip
ation in the s
trik
e is
free. No
em
plo
yee s
hall b
e c
onst
rain
ed t
o p
art
icip
ate
in a
str
ike o
rnot. (3
) The lim
itation or
pro
hib
itio
n of
the ri
ght
to st
rike
can only
ta
ke pla
ce in
th
e case
s and fo
r th
e em
plo
yee
cate
gori
es
expre
ssly
stipula
ted b
y the law
.Art
icle
252.Ñ T
he p
art
icip
ation in a
str
ike, as
well a
s its
org
anis
ation in a
ccord
ance w
ith t
he law
, sh
all n
ot m
ean a
vio
lation o
f th
e e
mplo
yeesÕ o
bligations
and c
annot have a
sa consequence dis
cip
linary sancti
ons again
st
the
em
plo
yees
on s
trik
e o
r th
e o
rganis
ers
of th
e s
trik
e.
Art
icle
253.Ñ T
he m
anner
in w
hic
h t
he r
ight
to s
trik
eis
exerc
ised, th
e o
rganis
ation, th
e s
tart
and the p
rogre
ss o
fth
e st
rike, th
e pro
cedure
s pri
or
to th
e st
art
of
the st
rike,
the su
spensi
on and te
rmin
ation of
the st
rike,
as
well as
oth
er
asp
ects
rela
ted t
o t
he s
trik
e s
hall b
e r
egula
ted b
y a
specia
l la
w.
TITLE X
Facto
ry In
sp
ecto
rate
Art
icle
254.
Ñ The im
ple
menta
tion of
the genera
l and
specia
l re
gula
tions
in th
e field
of
labour
rela
tionsh
ips,
Law
no. 53/2
003
241
c. 16
(2)
At
each o
f th
e l
evels s
tipula
ted u
nder
art
icle
240, a
single
collective labour
contr
act sh
all b
e c
onclu
ded.
Art
icle
242.
Ñ The collective la
bour
contr
act
shall be
conclu
ded fo
r a lim
ited peri
od,
whic
h cannot
be of
less
than 1
2 m
onth
s, o
r fo
r th
e d
ura
tion o
f a c
ert
ain
work
.Art
icle
243.Ñ (1) The e
xecution o
f th
e c
ollective labour
contr
act sh
all b
e m
andato
ry for
the p
art
ies.
(2)
The fa
ilure
to
m
eet
the obligations
ass
um
ed in
th
ecollective labour
contr
act enta
ils
the lia
bility o
f th
e p
art
ies
whic
h a
re to b
lam
e for
this
.Article
244.
Ñ The cla
uses of
the collective la
bour
contr
act
can be am
ended th
roughout
its executi
on,
accord
ing to
th
e la
w,
whenever
the part
ies
agre
e to
do
this
. Art
icle
245.
Ñ The collective la
bour
contr
act
shall be
term
inate
d:
a) at th
e e
nd o
f th
e tim
e lim
it o
r w
ork
for
whic
h it has
been conclu
ded,
unle
ss th
e part
ies
agre
e to
exte
nd th
eperi
od for
its
imple
menta
tion;
b)
on th
e date
of
the em
plo
yerÕs
dis
solu
tion or
legal
liquid
ation;
c) base
d o
n the p
art
iesÕ c
onse
nt.
Art
icle
246.
Ñ The im
ple
menta
tion of
the collective
labour
contr
act
can be su
spended base
d on th
e part
iesÕ
wilfu
l agre
em
ent or
in c
ase
of abso
lute
necess
ity.
Art
icle
247.Ñ I
f, a
t th
e l
evel
of
an e
mplo
yer, g
roup o
fem
plo
yers
, or
at
the bra
nch le
vel, th
ere
is
no collective
labour
contr
act, the c
ollective labour
contr
act conclu
ded a
ta h
igher
level sh
all a
pply
. TITLE IX
Ind
ustr
ial co
nfl
icts
CH
APTER I
Ge
ne
ra
l p
ro
vis
ion
s
Art
icle
248.
Ñ (1
) An in
dust
ria
l conflic
t m
eans
any
dis
agre
em
ent
betw
een th
e so
cia
l part
ners
, in
th
eir
w
ork
rela
tionsh
ips.
(2)
The in
dustr
ial
confl
icts
w
hose obje
ct
is th
eest
ablish
ment
of
the w
ork
conditio
ns
on th
e occasi
on of
Labour
Code
240
(3)
The actu
al
manner in
w
hic
h each em
plo
yee is
info
rmed about
the conte
nts
of
the com
panyÕs ru
les
and
regula
tions
shall b
e s
et in
the c
ollective labour
contr
act or,
as
the c
ase
may b
e, in
the c
onte
nts
of th
e c
om
panyÕs r
ule
sand r
egula
tions.
(4)
The com
panyÕs
rule
s and regula
tions shall be
dis
pla
yed a
t th
e e
mplo
yerÕs
head o
ffic
e.
Art
icle
260.
Ñ Any am
endm
ent
in th
e conte
nts
of
the
com
panyÕs ru
les
and re
gula
tions
shall be su
bje
ct
to th
enotification p
rocedure
s st
ipula
ted u
nder
art
icle
259.
Art
icle
261.
Ñ (1
) Any in
tere
sted em
plo
yee can notify
the e
mplo
yer
about
the p
rovis
ions
of
the c
om
panyÕs r
ule
sand re
gula
tions
as
far
as
it is
m
ade th
e pro
of
of
the
vio
lation o
f one o
f his
/her
rights
.(2
) The c
heck
of
the law
fuln
ess
of
the p
rovisio
ns
of
the
com
panyÕs r
ule
s and r
egula
tions
shall b
e in the jurisd
iction
of th
e c
ourt
s of la
w, w
hic
h s
hall b
e n
otified w
ithin
30 d
ays
from
th
e date
of
the em
plo
yerÕs
answ
er
concern
ing th
eso
lution to the n
otifica
tion filed u
nder
para
gra
ph (1).
Art
icle
262.
Ñ (1
) The dra
win
g up of
the com
panyÕs
rule
s and re
gula
tions
at
the le
vel
of
each em
plo
yer
shall
be d
one w
ithin
60 d
ays
from
the d
ate
of com
ing into
forc
eof th
e p
rese
nt code.
(2)
In th
e case of
em
plo
yers esta
blished aft
er th
ecom
ing in
to fo
rce of
the pre
sent
code,
the 60-d
ay tim
elim
it s
tipula
ted u
nder
para
gra
ph (1) sh
all s
tart
on t
he d
ay
when they a
cquir
e legal pers
onality
.
CH
APTER I
I
Dis
cip
lin
ary l
iab
ilit
y
Art
icle
263.Ñ (1) The e
mplo
yer
shall h
ave a
dis
cip
linary
pre
rogative, bein
g e
ntitled t
o a
pply
, accord
ing t
o t
he l
aw
,dis
cip
linary
sa
nctions
onto
his
em
plo
yees
whenever
he
finds
they h
ave c
om
mitte
d a
n infr
action o
f dis
cip
line.
(2) An infr
action o
f dis
cip
line is
a d
eed r
ela
ted to w
ork
,w
hic
h consis
ts of
an acti
on or non-a
cti
on guil
tily
perf
orm
ed by an em
plo
yee,
who has
thus
vio
late
d th
epro
vis
ions
of th
e law
, th
e c
om
panyÕs r
ule
s and r
egula
tions,
the indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act or
the a
pplicable
indiv
idual
labour
contr
act, the law
ful ord
ers
and d
ecis
ions
of
his
/her
superi
ors
.
Law
no. 53/2
003
243
labour
safe
ty and health is
su
bje
ct
to th
e contr
ol
of
the
Facto
ry In
specto
rate
, as
a sp
ecia
lise
d body of
the centr
al
public adm
inis
tration,
havin
g a le
gal
statu
s, under
the
Min
istr
y o
f Labour
and S
ocia
l Solidari
ty.
Arti
cle
255.
Ñ Territ
oria
l fa
cto
ry in
specto
rate
s,
org
anis
ed in
each county
and in
Buchare
st m
unic
ipality
,sh
all b
e s
ubord
inate
d to the F
acto
ry I
nsp
ecto
rate
.Arti
cle
256.
Ñ A specia
l la
w shall
regula
te th
eest
ablish
ment and o
rganisation o
f th
e F
act
ory
Insp
ect
ora
te.
TITLE XI
Leg
al liab
ilit
y
CH
APTER I
Co
mp
an
yÕs
ru
les a
nd
re
gu
lati
on
s
Art
icle
257. Ñ T
he e
mplo
yer
shall d
raw
up the c
om
panyÕs
rule
s and re
gula
tions
after
consu
ltations
with th
e tr
ade
unio
n o
r th
e e
mplo
yeesÕ r
epre
senta
tives, a
s th
e c
ase
may b
e.
Art
icle
258.Ñ T
he inte
rnal re
gula
tions
shall c
om
pri
se a
tle
ast
the follow
ing c
ate
gori
es
of pro
vis
ions:
a) ru
les
on labour
pro
tection, hygie
ne, and s
afe
ty w
ithin
the c
om
pany;
b)
rule
s on th
e obse
rvance of
the pri
ncip
le of
non-
dis
crim
inati
on and rem
oval
of
all fo
rm
s of
dig
nit
yvio
lation;
c)
rig
hts
and obli
gati
ons of
the em
plo
yer and
em
plo
yees;
d)
the pro
cedure
fo
r so
lvin
g th
e em
plo
yeesÕ in
div
idual
request
s or
com
pla
ints
;e) actu
al ru
les
on labour
dis
cip
line in the c
om
pany;
f) m
isbehavio
ur
and a
pplicable
sanctions;
g) ru
les
concern
ing the d
iscip
linary
pro
cedure
;h) m
odalities
for
imple
menting o
ther
typic
al pro
vis
ions
of th
e law
or
contr
act.
Art
icle
259.Ñ (1
) The com
panyÕs ru
les
and re
gula
tions
shall b
e n
otified to the e
mplo
yeesÕ k
now
ledge thro
ugh the
good o
ffic
es
of
the e
mplo
yer
and s
hall s
tart
its
effects
on
the e
mplo
yees
from
the tim
e o
f su
ch n
otification.
(2) The e
mplo
yer
shall h
ave the o
bligation to info
rm the
em
plo
yees
about
the c
onte
nts
of
the c
om
panyÕs r
ule
s and
regula
tions.
Labour
Code
242
(3)
The em
plo
yeeÕs
fa
ilure to
com
e to
th
e m
eeting
sum
moned under paragraph (2
) w
ithout
an obje
ctive
reason shall entitle th
e em
plo
yer to
order sanctions,
without th
e p
relim
inary
dis
cip
linary
inquir
y.
(4)
Duri
ng th
e pre
lim
inary
dis
cip
linary
in
quir
y,
the
em
plo
yee s
hall h
ave the r
ight to
form
ula
te a
nd s
upport
all
evid
ence in
his
/her
defe
nce,
and to
offer
the pers
on in
charg
e of
the in
quir
y all th
e evid
ence and m
otivations
he/s
he d
eem
s necess
ary
, as
well a
s th
e r
ight to
be a
ssis
ted,
at
his
/her
request
, by a
repre
senta
tive o
f th
e t
rade u
nio
nw
hose
mem
ber
he/s
he is.
Arti
cle
268.
Ñ (1
) The em
plo
yer shall
order th
eim
ple
menta
tion o
f th
e d
iscip
linary
sanction b
y m
eans
of a
wri
tten ord
er, w
ithin
30 cale
ndar
days
from
th
e date
of
learn
ing about
the in
fraction of
dis
cip
line,
but
no la
ter
than 6
month
s fr
om
the d
ate
the d
eed w
as
com
mitte
d.
(2)
Under
the s
anction o
f abso
lute
nullity, th
e d
ecis
ion
shall c
om
pri
se in a
mandato
ry m
anner:
a) th
e d
esc
ription o
f th
e d
eed r
epre
senting a
n infr
action
of dis
cip
line;
b)
the m
ention of
the provis
ions of
the personnel
statu
te, th
e c
om
panyÕs r
ule
s and r
egula
tions, o
r applicable
collective labour
contr
act, w
hic
h h
ave b
een v
iola
ted b
y the
em
plo
yee;
c)
the reasons fo
r w
hic
h th
e defe
ndin
g argum
ents
subm
itte
d by th
e em
plo
yee durin
g th
e preli
min
ary
dis
cip
linary
inquir
y h
ave b
een d
isre
gard
ed, or
the r
easo
ns
for
whic
h,
under
the te
rms
of
art
icle
267 (3
), no su
ch
inquir
y h
as
been c
arr
ied o
ut;
d)
the de ju
regro
unds
of
the dis
cip
linary
sa
nction
applied;
e)
the te
rm
w
ithin
w
hic
h th
e sancti
on can be
challenged;
f) the c
om
pete
nt court
of la
w b
efo
re w
hic
h the s
anction
can b
e c
hallenged.
(3)
The sancti
on decis
ion shall be noti
fied to
th
eem
plo
yee w
ithin
5 cale
ndar
days
at
the la
test
fr
om
th
edate
of its
issu
ance a
nd s
hall c
ause
effects
fro
m the d
ate
of
notification.
(4)
The noti
ficati
on shall
be handed over to
th
eem
plo
yee him
self/h
ers
elf,
again
st si
gnatu
re of
receip
t, or
Law
no. 53/2
003
245
Art
icle
264.
Ñ (1
) The dis
cip
linary
sa
nctions
that
the
em
plo
yer
can a
pply
if th
e e
mplo
yee c
om
mits
an infr
action
of dis
cip
line s
hall b
e:
a) a w
ritten w
arn
ing;
b) th
e s
usp
ensi
on o
f th
e indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act fo
r a
peri
od w
hic
h c
annot exceed 1
0 w
ork
ing d
ays;
c)
dem
otion, w
ith w
ages
corr
esp
ondin
g to
th
e posi
tion
to w
hic
h th
e dem
otion has
taken pla
ce,
for
a dura
tion
whic
h c
annot exceed 6
0 d
ays;
d) a r
eduction in the b
asi
c w
ages
for
a d
ura
tion o
f 1 to
3 m
onth
s, b
y 5
Ñ10%;
e)
a re
duction in
th
e basi
c w
ages
and/o
r, as
the case
may b
e, in
the m
anagem
ent allow
ance for
a p
eri
od o
f 1 to
3 m
onth
s, b
y 5
Ñ10%;
f) te
rmin
ation of
the in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
for
dis
cip
linary
reaso
ns.
(2)
If,
by m
eans
of
vocational
statu
tes
appro
ved in
a
specia
l la
w,
anoth
er
sanction re
gim
e is
est
ablish
ed,
the
latter
shall a
pply
.Art
icle
265.Ñ (1) Dis
cip
linary
fin
es
are
pro
hib
ited.
(2)
Only
one sa
nction can be applied fo
r th
e sa
me
infr
action o
f dis
cip
line.
Arti
cle
266.
Ñ The em
plo
yer shall
esta
bli
sh th
eapplicable
dis
cip
linary
sanction i
n r
ela
tion t
o t
he s
everi
tyof
the infr
action o
f dis
cip
line c
om
mitte
d b
y the e
mplo
yee,
takin
g into
account:
a)
the c
ircum
stances
under
whic
h t
he d
eed t
ook p
lace;
b) th
e e
mplo
yeeÕs g
uilt degre
e;
c) th
e c
onse
quences
of th
e infr
action o
f dis
cip
line;
d) th
e e
mplo
yeeÕs g
enera
l behavio
ur
at w
ork
;e)
poss
ible
dis
cip
linary
sanctions
pre
vio
usly u
nderg
one
by h
im/h
er.
Art
icle
267.Ñ (1) Under
the s
anction o
f abso
lute
nullity,
no s
tep, except fo
r th
e o
ne s
tipula
ted u
nder
art
icle
264 (1),
a), sh
all be ordered befo
re a prelim
inary dis
cip
linary
inquir
y is
carr
ied o
ut.
(2)
In v
iew
of
the p
relim
inary
dis
cip
linary
inquir
y, th
epers
on auth
ori
sed by th
e em
plo
yer
to m
ake th
e in
quir
ysh
all s
um
mon t
he e
mplo
yee in w
riting, st
ating t
he o
bje
ct,
date
, tim
e, and p
lace o
f th
e m
eeting.
Labour
Code
244
Art
icle
272.Ñ (1) An e
mplo
yee w
ho h
as
cash
ed in f
rom
the e
mplo
yer
an a
mount not due to h
im/h
er
shall h
ave to
retu
rn it.
(2) If t
he e
mplo
yee h
as
receiv
ed g
oods
whic
h w
ere
not
due to
him
/her
and w
hic
h can no lo
nger
be re
turn
ed in
kin
d o
r if s
erv
ices
have b
een p
rovid
ed t
o h
im/h
er
he/s
he
was
not entitled to, he/s
he s
hall h
ave to c
over
their
valu
e.
The valu
e of
the goods
or
serv
ices
in quest
ion sh
all be
est
ablish
ed base
d on th
eir
valu
e on th
e date
of
paym
ent.
Art
icle
273.
Ñ (1
) The am
ount
est
ablish
ed fo
r coveri
ng
the d
am
age s
hall b
e r
eta
ined in m
onth
ly inst
alm
ents
fro
mth
e w
ages due to
th
e person in
questi
on by his
/her
em
plo
yer.
(2)
Inst
alm
ents
sh
all not
exceed one th
ird of
the net
month
ly w
ages, a
nd s
hall n
ot exceed, alo
ng, w
ith the o
ther
poss
ible
am
ounts
re
tain
ed fr
om
th
e pers
on in
quest
ion,
one h
alf o
f th
at w
ages.
Art
icle
274.
Ñ (1
) If th
e in
div
idual
labour
contr
act
iste
rm
inate
d befo
re th
e em
plo
yee has in
dem
nif
ied th
eem
plo
yer and he/s
he becom
es em
plo
yed by anoth
er
em
plo
yer
or
becom
es
a civ
il se
rvant, th
e due am
ounts
shall b
e r
eta
ined fro
m h
is/h
er
wages
by the n
ew
em
plo
yer
or
new
inst
itution o
f public a
uth
ori
ty, as
the c
ase
may b
e,
base
d on th
e executo
ry title tr
ansm
itte
d to
th
is effect
by
the e
mplo
yer
havin
g u
nderg
one the d
am
age.
(2)
If th
e pers
on in
quest
ion has
not
been hir
ed by
anoth
er
em
plo
yer, b
ase
d o
n a
n i
ndiv
idual la
bour
contr
act
or
as
a civ
il se
rvant, th
e dam
age sh
all be covere
d by
fore
clo
sure
of
his
/her
ass
ets
, under
the Civ
il Pro
cedure
Code.
Art
icle
275.
Ñ If
th
e dam
age cannot
be covere
d by
means
of
am
ounts
reta
ined f
rom
the w
ages
within
a term
of
3 years at
most
from
th
e date
th
e fi
rst
reta
ined
inst
alm
ent w
as
made, th
e e
mplo
yer
shall b
e e
ntitled to c
all
on a
court
executo
r under
the C
ivil P
rocedure
Code.
CH
APTER I
V
Co
ntr
av
en
tio
na
l li
ab
ilit
y
Art
icle
276. Ñ (1) The f
ollow
ing a
ctions
shall b
e s
een a
scontr
aventions
and s
anctioned a
s fo
llow
s:
Law
no. 53/2
003
247
in c
ase
of
refu
sal
by r
egis
tere
d m
ail, se
nt
to t
he d
om
icile
or
resi
dence c
om
munic
ate
d b
y h
im/h
er.
(5)
The em
plo
yee can challenge th
e sa
nction decis
ion
befo
re th
e com
pete
nt
court
s of
law
w
ithin
30 cale
ndar
days
from
the d
ate
of notification.
CH
APTER I
II
Pro
pe
rty
lia
bil
ity
Art
icle
269.Ñ (1) Base
d o
n t
he n
orm
s and p
rincip
les
of
contr
actu
al civ
il lia
bility, th
e e
mplo
yer
shall indem
nify the
em
plo
yee if
the latter
has
underg
one a
mate
rial pre
judic
ebecause
of
the e
mplo
yerÕs
fault w
hen m
eeting h
is/h
er
job
duties
or
in r
ela
tion to the job.
(2) If t
he e
mplo
yer
refu
ses
to i
ndem
nify t
he e
mplo
yee,
the la
tter
shall be entitled to
file
a com
pla
int
with th
ecom
pete
nt court
s of la
w.
(3)
An em
plo
yer w
ho has
paid
th
e in
dem
nity sh
all
recover
the r
esp
ective a
mount fr
om
the e
mplo
yee w
ho w
as
to bla
me fo
r th
e dam
age, under
the te
rms
of
art
icle
270
and the s
ubse
quent ones.
Arti
cle
270.
Ñ (1
) The em
plo
yees shall be li
able
,accord
ing t
o t
he n
orm
s and p
rincip
les
of
contr
actu
al civ
illiability, fo
r th
e m
ate
rial dam
ages
cause
d t
o t
he e
mplo
yer
because
of th
eir
fault a
nd in r
ela
tion to their
work
.(2
) The em
plo
yees shall not
be liable
fo
r dam
ages
caused by a case of
absolu
te necessit
y or oth
er
unpredic
table
causes w
hic
h could
not
have been
pre
vente
d, or
dam
ages
inclu
ded in t
he n
orm
al ri
sk o
f th
ejo
b. Art
icle
271.Ñ (1) W
hen the d
am
age h
as
been c
ause
d b
yse
vera
l em
plo
yees, th
e am
ount
of
liability fo
r each one
shall b
e e
stablish
ed in r
ela
tion to the e
xte
nt to
whic
h they
have c
ontr
ibute
d to the d
am
age.
(2)
If t
he e
xte
nt
to w
hic
h t
hey h
ave c
ontr
ibute
d t
o t
he
dam
age cannot
be est
ablish
ed,
the liability of
each one
shall b
e in p
roport
ion t
o h
is/h
er
net
wages
on t
he d
ate
of
findin
g the d
am
age a
nd, if n
eed b
e, also d
ependin
g o
n the
tim
e of
work
actu
ally com
ple
ted si
nce its
last
in
vento
ry.
Labour
Code
246
Art
icle
279. Ñ (1) In
the c
ase
of th
e c
rim
es
stip
ula
ted b
yart
icle
s 277 and 278, th
e cri
min
al
action sh
all be st
art
ed
by a
com
pla
int fr
om
the inju
red p
art
y.
(2)
An agre
em
ent
reached by th
e part
ies
shall re
move
the c
rim
inal liability.
Art
icle
280.
Ñ The fa
ilure
by th
e em
plo
yer
to deposi
t,w
ithin
15 days, in
th
e est
ablish
ed accounts
, th
e am
ounts
cash
ed in
fr
om
th
e em
plo
yees
as
contr
ibutions
to th
esocia
l securit
y public syste
m,
to th
e unem
plo
ym
ent
insu
rance budget
or
the so
cia
l health in
sura
nce budget
shall c
onst
itute
a c
rim
e p
unis
hable
by p
riso
n f
rom
3 t
o 6
month
s or
a fin
e.
TITLE XII
Lab
ou
r ju
risd
icti
on
CH
APTER I
Ge
ne
ra
l p
ro
vis
ion
s
Art
icle
281. Ñ T
he o
bje
ct of
the labour
juri
sdic
tion is
tosolv
e in
dustr
ial
confl
icts
concernin
g th
e conclu
sio
n,
execution, am
endm
ent, s
usp
ensi
on, and term
ination o
f th
ein
div
idual
or,
as th
e case m
ay be,
collecti
ve la
bour
contr
acts
st
ipula
ted in
th
e pre
sent
code,
as
well as
the
request
s concern
ing t
he legal re
lationsh
ips
betw
een s
ocia
lpart
ners
, est
ablish
ed a
ccord
ing to the p
rese
nt code.
Art
icle
282.Ñ P
art
ies
in i
ndust
rial
conflic
ts c
an b
e t
he
follow
ing:
a) th
e e
mplo
yees, a
s w
ell a
s any o
ther
pers
on h
avin
g a
right
or
obligation u
nder
the p
rese
nt
code, oth
er
law
s, o
rth
e c
ollective labour
contr
acts
;b)
the em
plo
yers
Ñ natu
ral
and/o
r le
gal
entities
Ñ,
tem
pora
ry labour
agents
, use
rs, as
well a
s any o
ther
pers
on
benefiting fr
om
w
ork
perf
orm
ed under
the pre
sent
code;
c) th
e tra
de u
nio
ns
and e
mplo
yers
Õ org
anis
ations;
d)
oth
er
legal
or
natu
ral
entities
havin
g th
is vocation
base
d o
n s
pecia
l la
ws
or
the C
ivil P
rocedure
Code.
Art
icle
283.
Ñ (1
) The petitions
for
the so
lution of
an
indust
rial contr
act sh
all b
e filed:
a) w
ithin
30 c
ale
ndar
days
from
the d
ate
the e
mplo
yerÕs
unilate
ral
decis
ion concern
ing th
e conclu
sion,
execution,
Law
no. 53/2
003
249
a)
the non-com
pliance w
ith th
e pro
vis
ions
concern
ing
the paym
ent
guara
nte
e of
the national
gro
ss m
inim
um
wages
Ñ a
fin
e fro
m R
OL 3
000 0
00 to R
OL 2
0 0
00 0
00;
b) th
e v
iola
tion b
y the e
mplo
yer of th
e p
rovisio
ns of article
34 (5) Ñ a
fin
e fro
m R
OL 3
000 0
00 to R
OL 1
0 0
00 0
00;
c) pre
venting a
n e
mplo
yee o
r gro
up o
f em
plo
yees
from
part
icip
ating in a
str
ike o
r obligin
g them
to w
ork
duri
ng a
stri
ke, by m
eans
of
thre
ats
or
vio
lence Ñ
a f
ine f
rom
RO
L15 0
00 0
00 to R
OL 3
0 0
00 0
00;
d)
accepti
ng to
w
ork of
a person fo
r w
hom
no
indiv
idual
labour contr
act
has been conclu
ded or
stip
ula
ting c
lause
s contr
ary
to the p
rovis
ions
of
the law
in
the indiv
idual la
bour
contr
act
Ñ a
fin
e fro
m R
OL 2
0000
000
to R
OL 5
0000
000;
e)
em
plo
yin
g m
inors
w
ith th
e fa
ilure
to
com
ply
w
ith
the p
rovis
ions
of
the law
as
regard
s th
e a
ge o
r th
e u
se o
fsu
ch p
ers
ons
for
perf
orm
ing c
ert
ain
activitie
s in
vio
lation
of th
e p
rovis
ions
of th
e law
on the w
ork
regim
e o
f m
inors
Ñ a
fin
e fro
m R
OL 5
0000
000 to R
OL 1
00
000
000;
f) th
e vio
lation by th
e em
plo
yer
of
the pro
vis
ions
of
art
icle
s 134 and 137 Ñ a fine fr
om
RO
L 50
000
000 to
RO
L100
000
000;
g) th
e v
iola
tion o
f th
e o
bligation s
tipula
ted u
nder
art
icle
135 Ñ
a f
ine f
rom
RO
L 1
00
000
000 t
o R
OL 2
00
000
000;
(2) The fin
din
g o
f th
e c
ontr
aventions
and the a
pplica
tion
of sa
nct
ions
shall b
e d
one b
y the fact
ory
insp
ect
ors
.(3
) The p
rovis
ions
of th
e law
s in
forc
e s
hall a
pply
to the
contr
aventions
stip
ula
ted u
nder
para
gra
ph (1).
CH
APTER V
Crim
ina
l li
ab
ilit
y
Art
icle
277.
Ñ The fa
ilure
to
im
ple
ment
a final
court
decre
e o
n t
he p
aym
ent
of
the w
ages
within
15 d
ays
from
the date
of
the im
ple
menta
tion request
sent
to th
eem
plo
yer
by th
e in
tere
sted part
y sh
all const
itute
a cri
me
punis
hable
by p
riso
n fro
m 3
to 6
month
s or
a fin
e.
Art
icle
278.Ñ T
he failure
to e
nfo
rce a
fin
al ju
dgm
ent on
an em
plo
yeeÕs
reem
plo
ym
ent
shall const
itute
a crim
epunis
hable
by pri
son fr
om
6 m
onth
s to
1 year
or
a fine.
Labour
Code
248
Art
icle
287.
Ñ The em
plo
yer
shall be re
sponsi
ble
fo
rprovid
ing th
e evid
ence in
in
dustr
ial
confl
icts
, bein
gobliged t
o s
ubm
it e
vid
ence in h
is d
efe
nce b
y t
he f
irst
day
of tr
ial.
Art
icle
288.
Ñ The evid
ence sh
all be pro
duced as
am
atter
of
urg
ency, and t
he c
ourt
shall b
e e
ntitled t
o d
eny
the benefi
t of
the adm
issib
le evid
ence to
th
e party
dela
yin
g its
subm
itta
l w
ithout good g
rounds.
Art
icle
289. Ñ T
he judgm
ent delivere
d in a
court
of firs
tin
stance s
hall b
e fin
al and e
nfo
rceable
by r
ight.
Art
icle
290.
Ñ The procedure fo
r so
lvin
g in
dust
ria
lconflic
ts s
hall b
e r
egula
ted b
y a
specia
l la
w.
Art
icle
291.
Ñ The pro
vis
ions
of
the Civ
il Pro
cedure
Code s
hall c
om
ple
te the p
rovis
ions
of th
e p
rese
nt title.
TITLE XIII
Tra
nsit
ory
an
d f
inal p
rovis
ion
sArt
icle
292.
Ñ In
com
pliance w
ith th
e in
tern
ational
obligations
ass
um
ed by Rom
ania
, th
e la
bour
legis
lation
shall b
e k
ept
perm
anently in h
arm
ony w
ith t
he E
uro
pean
Unio
n norm
s, th
e agre
em
ents
and re
com
mendations
of
the In
tern
ational
Labour
Org
anis
ation,
and th
e norm
s of
the inte
rnational la
bour
law
.Art
icle
293.Ñ R
om
ania
shall a
ccom
plish
, by the d
ate
of
its
access
ion to the E
uro
pean U
nio
n, th
e tra
nsp
osi
tion into
the national
legis
lation of
the com
munity pro
vis
ions
on
the European com
pany com
mitte
e in
com
munity-siz
eunit
s,
as such com
panie
s appear and develo
p in
th
eeconom
y, as
well a
s th
ose
on the s
econdm
ent of em
plo
yers
to s
erv
ice p
rovid
ing a
ctivitie
s.
Art
icle
294.
Ñ For
the purp
ose
of
the pre
sent
code,
em
plo
yees in
a m
anagem
ent
positio
nshall m
ean th
em
anagers
sa
lari
ed em
plo
yers
, in
clu
din
g th
e chair
man of
the board
of
dir
ecto
rs if he is
also a sa
lari
ed em
plo
yee,
genera
l dir
ecto
rs a
nd d
irecto
rs, ass
ista
nt
genera
l dir
ecto
rsand ass
ista
nt
dir
ecto
rs,
heads
of
work
com
part
ments
Ñ
div
isio
ns,
departm
ents
, secti
ons,
workshops,
servic
es,
offic
es
Ñ, as
well as
those
si
milar
to th
em
, as
set
by th
ela
w o
r th
e c
ollective l
abour
contr
acts
or, a
s th
e c
ase
may
be, th
e c
om
panyÕs r
ule
s and r
egula
tions.
Law
no. 53/2
003
251
am
endm
ent, s
usp
ensi
on, or
term
ination o
f th
e i
ndiv
idual
labour
contr
act has
been n
otified;
b)
wit
hin
30 cale
ndar days fr
om
th
e date
th
edis
cip
linary
sanction d
ecis
ion h
as
been n
otified;
c)
within
3 years
fr
om
th
e date
of
onse
t of
the action
right, if th
e o
bje
ct of th
e indiv
idual la
bour
conflic
t consi
sts
of
the paym
ent
of
unpaid
w
ages or dam
ages to
th
eem
plo
yee, as
well a
s w
ell a
s in
the c
ase
of
the e
mplo
yeesÕ
patr
imony lia
bility to the e
mplo
yer;
d)
throughout
the exis
tence of
the contr
act, if
th
ere
quest
is
m
ade to
find th
e nullity of
an in
div
idual
or
collective labour
contr
act or
of th
e c
lause
s th
ere
of;
e)
within
6 days
from
th
e date
of
onse
t of
the action
right, in
th
e event
of
the non-execution of
the collective
labour
contr
act or
of cla
use
s th
ere
of.
(2)
In all cir
cum
stances
oth
er
than th
e ones
stip
ula
ted
under
para
gra
ph (
1), t
he t
erm
is
3 y
ears
fro
m t
he s
ettin
gon d
ate
of th
e r
ight.
CH
APTER I
I
Ma
teria
l a
nd
te
rrit
oria
l c
om
pe
ten
ce
Art
icle
284.Ñ (1) The c
om
pete
nce for
judgin
g indust
rial
conflic
ts s
hall b
elo
ng to the c
ourt
s est
ablish
ed a
ccord
ing to
the C
ivil P
rocedure
Code.
(2) The p
etitions
concern
ing the c
ause
s st
ipula
ted u
nder
para
gra
ph (1
) sh
all be file
d w
ith th
e com
pete
nt
court
havin
g ju
ris
dic
tion over th
e peti
tionerÕs
dom
icile or
resi
dence o
r, a
s th
e c
ase
may b
e, head o
ffic
e.
CH
APTER I
II
Sp
ec
ial
pro
ce
du
re
ru
les
Art
icle
285.
Ñ The cause
s st
ipula
ted under
art
icle
281
shall b
e e
xem
pte
d f
rom
the legal fe
e a
nd t
he legal st
am
p.
Art
icle
286.Ñ (1) The p
etitions
concern
ing t
he s
olu
tion
to indust
rial conflic
ts s
hall b
e judged a
s em
erg
encie
s.(2
) The tri
al te
rms
shall n
ot exceed 1
5 d
ays.
(3)
The p
rocedure
for
the p
art
iesÕ s
um
monin
g s
hall be
deem
ed a
s la
wfu
lly a
ccom
plish
ed i
f com
ple
ted a
t le
ast
24
hours
befo
re the tri
al deadline.
Labour
Code
250
Ñ D
ecree no.
63/1
981 on th
e recovery of
dam
ages
cause
d to p
ublic w
ealth, publish
ed in the O
ffic
ial Bulletin,
Part
I, no. 17 o
f 25 M
arc
h 1
981;
Ñ L
aw
no. 30/1
990 o
n h
irin
g e
mplo
yees
base
d o
n t
heir
com
pete
nce, publish
ed in the O
ffic
ial Gazette o
f Rom
ania
,Part
I, no. 125 o
f 16 N
ovem
ber
1990;
Ñ L
aw
no. 2/1
991 o
n t
he p
lura
lity
of
offic
es, p
ublish
ed
in th
e O
ffic
ial
Gazette of
Rom
ania
, Part
I, no.
1 of
8Ja
nuary
1991;
Ñ T
he law
of
the s
ala
ry s
chem
e n
o. 14/1
991, publish
ed
in th
e O
ffic
ial
Gazette of
Rom
ania
, Part
I, no.
32 of
9February 1991,
wit
h subsequent
am
endm
ents
and
additio
ns;
Ñ Law
no.
6/1
992 on th
e annual
holiday and oth
er
holidays
of em
plo
yees, p
ublish
ed in the O
ffic
ial Gazette o
fRom
ania
, Part
I, no. 16 o
f 10 F
ebru
ary
1992;
Ñ Law
no. 68/1
993 on th
e guara
nte
ed paym
ent
of
the
min
imum
w
ages, publish
ed in
th
e O
ffic
ial
Gazett
e of
Rom
ania
, Part
I, no. 246 o
f 15 O
cto
ber
1993;
Ñ Law
no.
75/1
996 on est
ablish
ing th
e le
gal
holidays,
when no w
ork
is
perf
orm
ed,
publish
ed in
th
e O
ffic
ial
Gazette o
f Rom
ania
, Part
I, no. 150 o
f 17 J
uly
1996, w
ith
subse
quent am
endm
ents
and a
dditio
ns;
Ñ arti
cle
s 34 and 35 of
Law
no.
130/1
996 on th
ecollective la
bour contr
act, republished in
th
e O
ffic
ial
Gazette o
f Rom
ania
, Part
I, no. 184 o
f 19 M
ay 1
998;
Ñ a
ny o
ther
pro
vis
ions
to the c
ontr
ary
.(3
) Sta
rtin
g o
n 1
January
2004, th
e p
rovis
ions
of
Decre
eno. 92/1
976 o
n the e
mplo
ym
ent re
cord
book, publish
ed in
the O
ffic
ial
Bulletin, Part
I, no. 37 o
f 26 A
pri
l 1976, sh
all
be r
epeale
d.
Law
no. 53/2
003
253
Art
icle
295.
Ñ (1
) The pro
vis
ions
of
the pre
sent
code
shall be com
ple
ted by th
e oth
er
pro
vis
ions
in th
e la
bour
legis
lation a
nd, unle
ss inconsi
stent w
ith the typic
al la
bour
rela
tionsh
ips
stip
ula
ted in the p
rese
nt code, th
e p
rovis
ions
of th
e c
ivil legis
lation.
(2)
The pro
vis
ions
of
the pre
sent
code sh
all also apply
as
com
mon la
w to
th
ose
le
gal
labour
rela
tionsh
ips
not
base
d o
n a
n i
ndiv
idual la
bour
contr
act, u
nle
ss t
he s
pecia
lre
gula
tions
are
com
ple
te,
and th
eir
im
ple
menta
tion is
inconsi
stent w
ith s
uch typic
al la
bour
rela
tionsh
ips.
Art
icle
296.
Ñ (1
) The em
plo
ym
ent
record
book sh
all
pro
ve t
he length
of
serv
ice e
xis
ting b
y 3
1 D
ecem
ber
2003.
If a pers
on does
not
have an em
plo
ym
ent
record
book,
his
/her
length
of
serv
ice s
hall b
e r
econst
itute
d o
n r
equest
by t
he c
om
pete
nt
court
of
law
solv
ing indust
rial conflic
ts,
base
d on re
cord
s or
oth
er
evid
ence pro
vin
g th
e pre
sence
of la
bour
rela
tionsh
ips.
(2)
By th
e date
st
ipula
ted under
para
gra
ph (1
), th
eem
plo
yers
or, as
the case
m
ay be,
the te
rritori
al
facto
ryin
specto
rate
s w
hic
h hold
th
e em
plo
yeesÕ
em
plo
ym
ent
record
books
shall gra
dually deliver
those
books
to th
eir
hold
ers
, base
d o
n indiv
idual hand-o
ver/
receip
t re
port
s.
Art
icle
297. Ñ O
n t
he d
ate
of
the p
rese
nt
code c
om
ing
into
fo
rce,
the causes concernin
g in
dustr
ial
confl
icts
appeari
ng in
th
e list
s of
case
s of
the court
s of
law
sh
all
conti
nue to
be tr
ied based on th
e tr
ial
provis
ions
applicable
on the d
ate
the c
ourt
s of la
w w
ere
notified.
Art
icle
298.Ñ (1) The p
rese
nt code s
hall c
om
e into
forc
eon 1
Marc
h 2
003.
(2)
On t
he d
ate
the p
rese
nt
code c
om
es
into
forc
e, th
efo
llow
ing d
ocum
ents
shall b
e r
epeale
d:
Ñ The Labour Code of
the Socia
list
Republi
c of
Rom
ania
, Law
no.
10/1
972,
published in
th
e O
ffic
ial
Bulleti
n,
Part
I, no.
140 of
1 D
ecem
ber 1972,
wit
hsu
bse
quent am
endm
ents
and a
dditio
ns;
Ñ Law
no.
1/1
970 Ñ Law
of
labour
org
anis
ation and
dis
cip
line in s
ocia
list
com
panie
s, p
ublish
ed in t
he O
ffic
ial
Bulletin, Part
I, no. 27 o
f 27 M
arc
h 1
970, w
ith s
ubse
quent
am
endm
ents
and a
dditio
ns;
Labour
Code
252