世界のccs関連動向 - jcoal · incorporate input into the project design. ... 20 large-scale...

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世界のCCS関連動向 CCT ワークショップ 2009 ベルサール神田 200983産業技術総合研究所・赤井

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Page 1: 世界のCCS関連動向 - JCOAL · incorporate input into the project design. ... 20 large-scale Carbon Capture and Storage demonstration projects globally by 2010, we will: a) accelerate

世界のCCS関連動向

CCT ワークショップ 2009

ベルサール神田

2009年8月3日

産業技術総合研究所・赤井 誠

Page 2: 世界のCCS関連動向 - JCOAL · incorporate input into the project design. ... 20 large-scale Carbon Capture and Storage demonstration projects globally by 2010, we will: a) accelerate

M. Akai, AIST2

グレンイーグルズ行動計画気候変動、クリーン・エネルギー、持続可能な開発(外務省仮訳の誤りを修正)

14. 我々は、以下により、炭素固定貯留技術の開発及び商業化を加速するための作業に取り組む。

a. 炭素隔離リーダーシップ・フォーラム(CSLF)の目的及び活動を支持し、同フォーラムがより広い市民社会と協力すること、また、炭素固定貯留技術の社会的受容性に対する障壁に対処することを奨励する。

b. IEAに対しCSLFと協力し、石油増進回収及び天然ガス生産における二酸化炭素の除去を含む化石燃料部門における炭素固定貯留の短期的な機会に関するワークショップを開催するよう要請する。

c. IEAが、CSLFと協力し、「炭素固定が容易な(capture ready)」プラントに関する定義、費用、範囲を研究し、経済的誘因を検討するよう要請する。

d. 地質学的な二酸化炭素の貯留のための研究上の選択肢について、主要な開発途上国と共に取り組む。

e. 産業界及び国内外の研究プログラム、パートナーシップと協力し、開発途上国も含め、炭素固定貯留技術の潜在的可能性を探求する。

Page 3: 世界のCCS関連動向 - JCOAL · incorporate input into the project design. ... 20 large-scale Carbon Capture and Storage demonstration projects globally by 2010, we will: a) accelerate

M. Akai, AIST3

洞爺湖G8 – エネルギー研究協力

エネルギー効率指標等の構築

Cool Earthエネルギー革新技術計画

– 技術開発ロードマップの国際共有を提言

– 国際連携による研究開発の加速を提言

G8洞爺湖サミット首脳宣言

26.我々は、エネルギー効率に関する、中期的な、展望としての目標を設定することの重要性を認識する。

31.我々は、IEAの支援を受け、炭素回収・貯留(CCS)及び先進的なエネルギー 技術を含む、革新的技術のためのロードマップを策定する国際的イニシアティブを立ち上げ、既存及び新しいパートナーシップに基づいて協力する。・・・

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M. Akai, AIST4

イタリア・ラクイラG8サミット首脳宣言Green recovery

39. The emergency response to the economic crisis should not overlook the opportunity to facilitate a global green recovery putting our economies on a path towards more sustainable and resilient growth. Our fiscal stimulus packages are increasingly investing in measures encouraging the creation of green jobs and low-carbon, energy efficient and sustainable growth. These include energy efficiency measures, investment in public transportation infrastructure, incentives for fuel-efficient vehicles, research in alternative sources of energy, support for renewable energy technologies, as well as in enhanced CO2 reduction, recycling and disposal such as Carbon Capture and Storage.

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M. Akai, AIST5

イタリア・ラクイラG8サミット首脳宣言Climate change and Environment - Fighting climate change

65. We reaffirm the importance of the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and notably of its Fourth Assessment Report, which constitutes the most comprehensive assessment of the science. We recognisethe broad scientific view that the increase in global average temperature above pre-industrial levels ought not to exceed 2C. Because this global challenge can only be met by a global response, we reiterate our willingness to share with all countries the goal of achieving at least a 50% reduction of global emissions by 2050, recognising that this implies that global emissions need to peak as soon as possible and decline thereafter. As part of this, we also support a goal of developed countries reducing emissions of greenhouse gases in aggregate by 80% or more by 2050 compared to 1990 or more recent years. Consistent with this ambitious long-term objective, we will undertake robust aggregate and individual mid-term reductions, taking into account that baselines may vary and that efforts need to be comparable. Similarly, major emerging economies need to undertake quantifiable actions to collectively reduce emissions significantly below business-as-usual by a specified year.

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M. Akai, AIST6

イタリア・ラクイラG8サミット首脳宣言Technology development and research

73. The development and deployment of technologies and know-how in developed and developing countries will play a crucial role both in mitigation and adaptation to climate change and in moving towards low-carbon growth models. … Building on our existing commitments to urgently advance the development and deployment of clean energy technologies, consistent with existing international obligations, we will: a) encourage and facilitate the development, deployment and diffusion,

particularly through the engagement and leveraging of critical private sector investment, of advanced appropriate technologies in emerging and developing economies, which permit a technological leap and avoid lock-in;

b) further promote international participation and cooperation in R&D activities and to this end we invite the IEA to further define its proposal for an international low-carbon energy technology platform;

c) promote technology roadmaps, such as those being prepared by the IEA, to further the development and demonstration of innovative technologies;

d) work with developing countries to build capacity to support the deployment, diffusion, demonstration and transfer of climate friendly technologies.

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M. Akai, AIST7

IEAにおける技術ロードマップの作成

背景

– Cool Earth – エネルギー革新技術計画; 洞爺湖G8サミット; 低炭素社会づくり行動計画

– 2010年カナダでのG8サミットに報告(ETP2010)

作業中

– 発電・産業分野におけるCCS;太陽光発電; 風力; プラグインハイブリッド及び電気自動車高効率産業プロセス(セメントから開始); 原子力(NEAとの連携)

今後の検討課題候補

– 集中型太陽光発電; 電力ネットワーク(含・エネルギー貯蔵);第二世代バイオ燃料; 高効率内燃エンジン; ビルの省エネ

Page 8: 世界のCCS関連動向 - JCOAL · incorporate input into the project design. ... 20 large-scale Carbon Capture and Storage demonstration projects globally by 2010, we will: a) accelerate

M. Akai, AIST8

技術ロードマップIEAからのラクイラG8への経過報告-発電・産業分野におけるCCS

Governments are making significant new funding commitments to large‐scale CCS demonstration projects; the critical next step will be to ensure further funding and to develop suitable policy frameworks and public consultation mechanisms for these early projects.

CCS retrofits at coal‐fired power plants and CO2 capture in the industrial sector (e.g., cement, chemicals, iron and steel, pulp and paper, refining) are critical research and demonstration needs that have not received sufficient attention to date.

Some emerging economies, notably China and Brazil, have impressive plans to move forward with CCS pilot projects, but require policy support and enhanced international cooperation to ensure optimal project design and effective implementation.

There is a need to expand international efforts to harmonise CO2 storage monitoring and verification schemes with international greenhouse gas policy mechanisms, either through the Clean Development Mechanism or another mechanism under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

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M. Akai, AIST9

イタリア・ラクイラG8サミットへのIEA報告大規模実証プロジェクトのクライテリア

Scale is large enough to demonstrate the technical and operational viability of future commercial CCS systems.1

Location of the storage site is clearly identified. Effective integration of CO2 capture, transport and storage.2

Scheduled to begin full-scale operation between 2015-20. Strategies to engage the public demonstrate intent to

incorporate input into the project design. Funding commitments demonstrate established public and

private sector support. 1 The size threshold will vary based on the type of CO2 source; for example,

coal-fired power plants might inject more than 1 Mt of CO2 storage per annum whereas gas-fired power plants and some industries will have a smaller CO2 stream.

2 With the understanding that some CO2 sources located at or near the storage site will involve minimal or no transport; this could also include enhanced oil recovery projects.

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M. Akai, AIST10

イタリア・ラクイラG8サミット首脳宣言Energy efficiency, diversification of the energy mix and technology

91. … Reaffirming the commitment made in Toyako for the launch of 20 large-scale Carbon Capture and Storage demonstration projects globally by 2010, we will: a) accelerate the design of policies, regulatory frameworks and incentive schemes

focused on the development and deployment of CCS technology; b) encourage greater involvement of developing countries by promoting

collaboration and knowledge diffusion, also through IEA regional roundtables; c) work to identify sources of financing for CCS demonstration projects; d) invite the IEA, together with the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum

(CSLF), to report on and further develop technology roadmaps and to work with the private sector to accelerate the construction and operation of demonstration projects. To this end, we welcome the work on criteria by the IEA to facilitate tracking of global progress on these projects in view of an update to be presented at our Summit in 2010;

e) following the launch of the Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute (GCCSI) we invite it to actively cooperate with the ongoing activities of the IEA and the CSLF to ensure that these efforts are mutually reinforcing;

f) identify investment needs and overcome obstacles, including the potential development of innovative partnerships with multilateral financial institutions.

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M. Akai, AIST11

大型実証試験

IEA-GHG資料より

Snøhvit

Sleipner

Weyburn

In-Salah

Images Courtesy of BP, Statoil, and PTRC

NOT POWER GENERATION

Snøhvit

Sleipner

Weyburn

In-Salah

Images Courtesy of BP, Statoil, and PTRC

NOT POWER GENERATION

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M. Akai, AIST12

現存のCO2 注入プロジェクトと典型的石炭火力発電所のCO2排出量

From IPCC SRCCS

IEA-GHG資料より

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M. Akai, AIST13

統合(回収→輸送→貯留)プロジェクトの必要性

1. "CHP with post-combustion CCS" 2. Permanency of storage is unclear 3. Potential EOR storage 4. Enhanced coalbed methane recovery 5. eg, Depleted coal seams 6. PCOR 7. MRCSP 8. MGSC 9. SECARB 10. SWP 11. WESTCARB. Source: IEA, Fossil fuel-fired power plants and CO2 capture and storage; CSIRO, Australian CCS Commercial and R&D Projects, 2007; Gassnova, International CCS technology survey; Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies @ MIT, http://sequestration.mit.edu/tools/projects/index.html; Gassnova International CCS Technology Survey 2008; RET interviews

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)

Gas/saline reservoir

ECBM4No storage solution identified Not stated/ other5

1MtSleipner

NOR, 1996

1.2MtIn Salah

ALG, 2004

0.7MtSnohvit

NOR, 2007

>1MtWeyburn-M.CAN/US, '00

30-40Mt2

Permian Bas.USA, 1972

0.003MtFrio Brine

USA, '05–06

0.01MtNagaoka

JAP, '04–05

Strippedfrom

naturalgas

3.3MtGorgon

AUS, 2013

0.06Mt totalKetzin

GER, 2007

0.0002MtQuinshu

CHN

>0.1MtK12b

NLD, 2004

0.1MtOtway

AUS, 2008

0.25MtAltmark

GER, 2008Other/unknown

500MWFerrybridgeUK, 2011

2x800MWKingsnorthUK, 2012

1600MWRWE TilburyUK, 2016

Coal post-combustion

capture

APP Pilots: Tarong,

Munmorah,Gaobeidian

500MWDF2

USA, 2011

800MWTeeside

UK, 2013

250MWGreenGenCHN, 2015

€1.3BHypogen

EU, 2014–16

900MWGE

POL, 2011

~900MWPowerfuel

UK, undecided

450MWRWE

GER, 2014

500MWEPCOR

CAN, 2015

100MWZeroGen

AUS, 2012

1000MWE.ON/SiemensGER, 2011

Coal pre-combustion

capture (IGCC)

0.018MtHazelwoodAUS, 2008

0.05MtLoy Yang

AUS, 2008

150MWFuturGas

AUS, 2016

10MtMonash CTLAUS, 2015

NGCC post-combustion

capture

1.8MtFt Nelson6

CAN, 2011

350MW1

MongstadNOR, 2014

860MWDraugen

NOR, 2011

Oxy-fuel30MWCallide

AUS, 2010

30MWLacq

FRA, 2008

30MWVattenfall

GER, 2008

500MWEndesa

ESP, 2015

Depleted oil/gas field

300MWSaskPowerCAN, 2012

1200MWNuon

NLD, >2011

275MWFutureGenUSA, 2012

500MWDF3

AUS, 2011

475MWDF1

UK, 2011

600MWTenaska

USA, 2014

450MWKillingholmeUK, 2011

450MWWilliston6

USA, '09-15

~650MWWallula

USA, 2013

629MWAppalachian7

USA, 2012

420MWProject LinkUAE, 2012

400MWSargas

NOR, 2011

120MWAntelope ValUSA, 2012

125MWWA Parish LUSA, 2012

100MWBound'y DamCAN, 2015

50MWKimberlinaUSA, 2010

30MWAEP AlstomUSA, 2008

1.1MtEntrada10

USA, '08-12

1MtCranfield9

USA, '08-09

0.3MtDecatur7

USA, 2009

0.28MtTAME7

USA, 2011

0.067MtZama LinkCAN, 2006

0.05MtNLECI Proj.AUS, '11-12

~450MWHRL IDGCCAUS, >2009

Integrated projects

Enhancedgas recovery

(EGR)

Capture-onlyprojects

Storage-onlyprojects

?

Industrial sector

0.2MtPernis refin.

NLD

0.02MtMulgrave

AUS, 2009

200MWCoolimba

AUS, 2015

MoombaCooper Bas.

AUS

0.25MtSan Joaquin11

USA

~0.3MtMt Simon8

USA

0.1MtKurosaki

JAP, 2005

0.1MtJAPEX

JAP, undecided

3MtBintulu

MAL, 2011

1-3MtDaiquin

CHN, 2014

1.5MtEnel CCS1ITA, 2012

250MWIwaki

JPN, 20111600MW

RWE HammGER, 2011

4.6MtWhite TigerVNM, 2010

400MWYantai

CHN, ~2012

7.5MtImminhamUK, >2012

Annual metric (unless stated otherwise)Project name;

Country/region, Date of commencement

OperatingComplete Announced Capture-ready

Dormant or cancelled

Capture

Storage

A$445mFairview

AUS, 2010

160 - 600MWDuke Energy

US, 2011

GCCSI資料

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M. Akai, AIST14

大規模プロジェクトの必要性発電出力250 MWe または貯留量1Mt-CO2/y以上のプロジェクト

1. "CHP with post-combustion CCS" 2. Permanency of storage is unclear 3. Potential EOR storage 4. Enhanced coalbed methane recovery 5. eg, Depleted coal seams 6. PCOR 7. MRCSP 8. MGSC 9. SECARB 10. SWP 11. WESTCARB. Source: IEA, Fossil fuel-fired power plants and CO2 capture and storage; CSIRO, Australian CCS Commercial and R&D Projects, 2007; Gassnova, International CCS technology survey; Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies @ MIT, http://sequestration.mit.edu/tools/projects/index.html; Gassnova International CCS Technology Survey 2008; RET interviews

1MtSleipner

NOR, 1996

1.2MtIn Salah

ALG, 2004

>1MtWeyburn-M.CAN/US, '00

30-40Mt2

Permian Bas.USA, 1972

3.3MtGorgon

AUS, 2013

800MWTeeside

UK, 2013

€1.3BHypogen

EU, 2014–16

900MWGE

POL, 2011

~900MWPowerfuel

UK, undecided

450MWRWE

GER, 2014

500MWEPCOR

CAN, 2015

1000MWE.ON/SiemensGER, 2011

10MtMonash CTLAUS, 2015

1.8MtFt Nelson6

CAN, 2011

350MW1

MongstadNOR, 2014

500MWEndesa

ESP, 2015

1200MWNuon

NLD, >2011

600MWTenaska

USA, 2014

450MWWilliston6

USA, '09-15

~650MWWallula

USA, 2013

629MWAppalachian7

USA, 2012

420MWProject LinkUAE, 2012

400MWSargas

NOR, 2011

1.1MtEntrada10

USA, '08-12

1MtCranfield9

USA, '08-09

Capture-onlyprojects

Storage-onlyprojects

MoombaCooper Bas.

AUS

3MtBintulu

MAL, 2011

1-3MtDaiquin

CHN, 2014

1.5MtEnel CCS1ITA, 2012

250MWIwaki

JPN, 2011

4.6MtWhite TigerVNM, 2010

400MWYantai

CHN, ~2012

7.5MtImminhamUK, >2012

Annual metric (unless stated otherwise)Project name;

Country/region, Date of commencement

OperatingComplete Announced

Capture

Storage

250MWGreenGenCHN, 2015

Strippedfrom

naturalgas

Other/unknown

Coal post-combustion

capture

Coal pre-combustion

capture (IGCC)

NGCC post-combustion

capture

Oxy-fuel

Industrial sector

Integrated projects

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)

Gas/saline reservoir

ECBM4No storage solution identified Not stated/ other5Depleted oil/gas field

Enhancedgas recovery

(EGR)

160 - 600MWDuke Energy

US, 2011

GCCSI資料

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M. Akai, AIST15

海外のCCSプロジェクト関連動向(1/4)

米国

– FutureGenを当初計画通り遂行 サイトをイリノイ州のMattoonに決定した後、費用がかかりすぎることを理由に、複数IGCC+CCSプロジェクトへの補助金交付スキームに見直すことを表明していた。

詳細な費用推定や資金調達等が課題として残っているものの、2010年の前半にはMattoonをサイトに最終決定がなされる予定。

– FY2010のDOE予算案 炭素隔離プログラム:約1.8億ドル

既存プラントへの燃焼後回収技術開発:4100万ドル

IGCC:5500万ドル

水素タービン(IGCC+CCS):3100万ドル

2009 年アメリカ再生・再投資法から34億ドルが追加される予定。

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M. Akai, AIST16

海外のCCSプロジェクト関連動向(2/4)

豪州

– GCCSIの設立(ラクイラG8での首相声明) 洞爺湖G8声明に盛り込まれた20の大規模実証プロジェクトの円滑な推進を目的とした首相のイニシアティブで、年間1億豪ドルを拠出

– 大規模実証への投資 国内プロジェクトへ20億豪ドルを出資

カナダ

– 大規模実証への投資 国内プロジェクトへ35億加ドルを出資

– 法規制 CCS無しの新規石炭火力を認めないとの新法をCOP/MOP5前にリリースする方向で調整中。

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M. Akai, AIST17

海外のCCSプロジェクト関連動向(3/4)

EU– CCS Directive成立(2009年6月25日施行)

– 景気対策として大規模実証のために10億EURを追加

ノルウェー– Mongstad、Karstøなどのプロジェクトを推進

– 欧州諸国に対して最低1.40億EURの資金提供(5カ年)

フランス– 新規の石炭火力発電所にCCS Readyを義務づけ

英国– 2014年までに大規模プロジェクトを稼働。

– 最大4箇所の大規模実証の補助、及び300MW超の石炭火力に対するCCS Ready規制を提案

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海外のCCSプロジェクト関連動向(4/4)

中国– GreenGenプロジェクト

2011年まで(フェーズ1)に250MWのIGCCを建設、

2016年まで(フェーズ3)に400MWにする予定

– 650MW+CCSの計画ありとの情報も

– 上海で、10万t/y規模の燃焼後回収実証施設を建設中

ブラジル– Petrobras社が、2~4箇所の大規模実証への投資を表明

南ア– 2020年までに実規模プロジェクトを実施

アラブ首長国連邦– 3箇所でのCCS-EORプロジェクトを計画中

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M. Akai, AIST19

課題コスト低減、法規制整備、資金調達、そして・・・

オランダ・Barendrecht CCSプロジェクト– 2010年圧入開始予定(30年間で10Mt)のShellプロジェクト(政府も支援)。CO2源は石精プラント。 Barendrechtは比較的住民が密集した地域で、約2万人が居住。

– 2009年春の住民説明会には、900人が参加。住民はShellや政府を信用できないと表明。担当者が罵倒される場面も。3月5日に、市長が、プロジェクトに対して「No」を表明。

米国・ Greenville(SC)におけるCCSプロジェクト– Midwest Regional Partnershipの下で計画

CO2源はエタノール製造プラント

– 住民集会に700名以上が参加し、地中貯留に反対を表明

日本は・・・?

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