湖南省森林恢复和发展项目 - world...

World Bank Loan

Hunan Forest Restoration and Development Project (HFRDP)

Environmental Management Plan

Forestry Foreign Capital Project Management Office

of Hunan Province

Central South University of Forestry and Technology

June 2012

E3043 v1

Environmental Management Plan at Hunan Forest Restoration and Development Project

Content

1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................61.1 Background.........................................................................................................................61.2 Main References.................................................................................................................6

1.2.1 Relevant policies, laws, regulations issued by national and local authorities in China.................................................................................................................................61.2.2 Technical Specifications and Guidelines..................................................................71.2.3 Requirements of the World Bank.............................................................................8

2. experience and lessons learnt from previous World Bank loan forestry projects in Hunan province in execution of environmental management measures.................................................9

2.1 The preparation and execution of EPG...............................................................................92.2 Preparation and execution of “Pest Management Plan” (PMP)........................................102.3 Organization of Training on Environmental Protection Measures at All Levels...............102.4 Conduction of Ecological Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation.............................102.5 Environmental Management Performance of Previous World Bank Loan Forestry Projects................................................................................................................................................112.6 Ecological Environmental benefits achieved in Previous World Bank Loan Forestry Projects....................................................................................................................................12

3. Project Description...................................................................................................................143.1 Project Objectives.............................................................................................................143.2 Project components...........................................................................................................143.3 Distribution of project areas..............................................................................................15

4. Description of Environmental Conditions and Analysis of Environmental Quality in project areas..................................................................................................................................17

4.1 Description of present environmental conditions in project areas................................174.1.1 Natural environment...............................................................................................174.1.2 Social environment.................................................................................................224.1.3 Ecological environment.........................................................................................234.1.4 Natural Habitats and physical cultural resources...................................................27

4.2 Analysis of current environmental quality related to the project.......................................284.2.1 Soil erosion and surface runoff in Hunan...............................................................284.2.2 Water quality of related water bodies.....................................................................284.2.3 Vegetation Coverage and Plant Community Structure...........................................294.2.4 Biodiversity status..................................................................................................294.2.5 Environment pollution...........................................................................................30

5. Environmental Impact Analysis of Project Construction.....................................................315.1 Positive Environmental Impacts........................................................................................31

5.1.1 Water conservation, soil and water conservation and soil improvement................315.1.2 Increase biodiversity..............................................................................................315.1.3 Increase carbon sequestration and condition micro-climate...................................31

5.2 Potential negative environmental impacts and mitigation measures………………….…26

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5.2.1 Negative environmental impacts of site selection and mitigation measures..........325.2.2 Negative environmental impacts of species (variety) selection and distribution and Mitigation measures........................................................................................................335.2.3 Negative environmental impacts of site slashing and preparation and Mitigation measures..........................................................................................................................345.2.4 Negative environmental impacts of tending management measures on forest plantations and Mitigation measures...............................................................................345.2.5 Negative environmental impacts of forest path construction.................................355.2.6 Negative environmental impacts of application of pesticides and fertilizers.........355.2.7 Negative environmental impacts of timber felling and yarding.............................365.2.8 Negative environmental impacts of nursery construction......................................37

5.3 Risk analysis and prevention measures.............................................................................395.4 Summary of mitigation measures of negative impacts and prevention measures of risks 42

6. Public Participatory Mechanism and Public Consultation Results......................................516.1 Public consultation by EIA team and its results................................................................51

6.1.1 Methods and scope of survey.................................................................................516.1.2 Public consultation results......................................................................................526.1.3 Public suggestions..................................................................................................536.1.4 Conclusions of public consultation in EIA.............................................................53

6.2 Public consultation by social assessment team and its results (see details in the Social Assessment Report)................................................................................................................55

6.2.1 Methods and scope of survey.................................................................................556.2.2 Public consultation results......................................................................................56

6.3 Participatory consultation and planning and its results (see details in the Participatory Consultation and Planning Summary Report).........................................................................56

7. Environmental Management Scheme and Technical Measures............................................597.1 Development and execution of EPG.................................................................................597.2 Development and execution of PMP.................................................................................597.3 Reporting procedure in case cultural relics were found....................................................607.4 Consistency analysis with World Bank forestry policy (OP 4.36)....................................61

8 Environmental Management Agencies and Supervision Mechanism....................................628.1 Environmental management agencies and responsibilities...............................................628.2 Supervision and inspection mechanism............................................................................63

9. Environmental Monitoring Plan..............................................................................................659.1 Monitoring contents and indicators...................................................................................659.2 Types and distribution of monitoring sites........................................................................659.3 Monitoring methods..........................................................................................................689.4 Organization and implementation of monitoring..............................................................699.5 Report system....................................................................................................................699.6 Fund budget......................................................................................................................699.7 Summary table of annual work plan.................................................................................72

10. Training Plan...........................................................................................................................7410.1 Training content..............................................................................................................7410.2 Trainees and training methods........................................................................................74

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10.3 Training programme and budget.....................................................................................7511. Source of Fund and Budget....................................................................................................77

Annex 1: Environmental Protection GuidelinesAnnex 2: Pest Management Plan

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Abbreviations

Cm: County Project ManagerCPMO: County Project Management OfficeCt: County TechnicianEIA: Environmental Impacts AssessmentEMP: Environmental Management PlanEPG: Environmental Protection GuidelinesFDPA: Forestry Development in Poor Areas ProjectFm: Farmer Representatives or Village CadreFPCQS: Forest Pest Control and Quarantine StationFRPDP: Forest Resource Protection and Development ProjectHFRDP: Hunan Forest Restoration and Development ProjectIPM: Integrated Pest ManagementNAP: National Afforestation ProjectPMO: Project Management OfficePMP: Pest Management PlanPPMO: Provincial Project Management OfficeSFDP: Sustainable Forestry Development ProjectTt: Township Technician

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1. Introduction1.1 BackgroundIn order to mitigate the negative environmental impact caused by the ice storm occurred in Hunan province in 2008, and support the Government’s effort to prevent further degradation of forests and restore the ecological balance in the storm-affected landscapes, the World Bank Loan Hunan Forest Restoration and Development Project (HFRDP) has been proposed. According to the Safeguard Policy of World Bank, it is necessary to make an “Environmental Impact Assessment” (EIA) of projects proposed for the World Bank financing. As this project refers to forest restoration and development, the World Bank Expert Group agreed that a detailed “Environmental Management Plan” (EMP) should be made, which should be carried out during the implementation of the project to mitigate or eliminate the negative environmental impacts, thereby to ensure the maximization of environmental benefits and minimization of environmental loss. Based on a detailed analysis on the environmental status and environmental quality in the project areas, the EMP makes detailed description and arrangement in the personnel task allocation of project environmental management agencies, the environmental protection measures, and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) methods, monitoring activities on ecological environment benefit, procedures and record mechanism of public participatory, training on environmental management knowledge and technology to relevant persons as well as the budget of environmental management activities for guiding the environmental management in project implementation.1.2 Main References1.2.1 Relevant policies, laws, regulations issued by national and local authorities in China(1) “Law on the Protection of Wildlife of People's Republic of China”, 2004.(2) “Wild Plant Protection Ordinance of People's Republic of China”, 1997(3) “Law of Water of People's Republic of China”, 2002(4) “Afforestation Technical Regulation”, 2006(5) “Environmental Protection Law of People's Republic of China”, 1989(6) “Water Pollution Prevention Law of People's Republic of China” 2008(7) “Detailed Rules of Water Pollution Prevention Law of People's Republic of

China”, 2000;(8) “Solid Waste Pollution Prevention Law of People's Republic of China”, 2005.(9) “Environmental Impact Assessment Law of People's Republic of China”, 2002(10) “Construction Project Environmental Protection Management Regulations”,

1998(11) “Management Notice on Strengthening Loans from International Financial

Organizations in Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Projects”, 1993

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(12) “Interim Measures of Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment”, 2006

(13) “Measures on Disclosure of Environmental Information”, 2007(14) “Construction Project Environmental Protection Management Directory” 2002(15) “Regulations on Forest Pest Control” 1989(16) “Afforestation Quality Management Interim Measures” 2001(17) “Forest Law of the People’s Republic of China”, 1985(18) “Land Management Law of the People’s Republic of China”, 1999(19) “Soil and Water Conservation Law of the People’s Republic of China”, 2011(20) “Plant Quarantine Regulation of the People’s Republic of China”, 1992(21) “Forest Fire Prevention Regulation”, 2009(22) “Implementation Rules of Soil and Water Conservation of the People’s Republic

of China”, 1993(23) “Nature Reserve Regulation of the People’s Republic of China”, 1994(24) “Cropland Conversion for Forest Regulation”, 2003(25) "The Plant Quarantine Rules", 1992(26) “Technological Rules for Forest Quarantine”, 1998(27) “Management Measures for Target Forest Pest Control”, 1992(28) “Standards on Safe Use of Pesticides”, 1982(29) “Regulation on Pesticide Management”, 2001(30) “Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China", 20071.2.2 Technical Specifications and Guidelines(1) “Technical Guidelines for Environment Impact Assessment of General Programme” (HJ2.1-2011)(2) “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Atmospheric Environment” (HJ2.2-2008)(3) “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Surface Water Environment” (HJ/T2.3-93)(4) “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Acoustic Environment” (HJ2.4-2009);(5) “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Ecological Impact” (HJ19-2011)(6) “Environmental Impact Risk Assessment Guideline of Construction Project” (HJ/T169-2004)(7) “Hunan Province Surface Water Function Zone Standard” (DB43/0232005)(8) “Formulation Technique of Local Standards for the Discharge of Atmospheric Pollutants” (GB/T13201-91);1.2.3 Requirements of the World BankThe requirements of the World Bank mainly include three safeguard policies, namely:(1) Environmental Assessment (OP4.01)(2) Pest Management (OP4.09)(3) Forestry (OP4.36)

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2. experience and lessons learnt from previous World Bank loan forestry projects in Hunan province in execution of environmental management measuresThe previous World Bank Loan forestry projects in Hunan, including “National Afforestation Project” (NAP), “Forest Resource Protection and Development Project” (FRDPP), “Forestry Development in Poor Areas Project” (FDPA) and “Sustainable Forestry Development Project” (SFDP) have paid a high attention to environmental management through identification and implementation of mitigation measures to avoid or mitigate the damage caused by project activities to the nature reserves, natural forests and important habitats of wildlife, soil erosion, decline of soil fertility and occurrence of pests/diseases, as well as to promote the stability of forest plantation ecosystem and its sustainable management.2.1 The preparation and execution of EPGDuring the implementation of the previous four World Bank loan forestry projects, the EPGs were prepared and executed, which put forward and required to carry out specific environmental protection measures in the following linkages: selection and distribution of project afforestation sites, tree species (variety) selection and distribution, site slashing/preparation, young forest tending management, fire management, timber felling/yarding, forest road construction, etc..In order to strengthen the technologies and measures put forward in the EPG, the Provincial Project Management Office (PPMO) took whether EPG was executed as one of the important indicators to evaluate the project implementation quality. The "Environmental Protection Compliance Rate" was set up as one of criteria for quality checking and acceptance of each afforestation sub-compartment, which strengthened the supervision and management of environmental protection. In the implementation of previous four World Bank loan forestry projects, the "Environmental Protection Compliance Rate" reached 96% in average, which shows that the EPG has been well carried out in project implementation.However, there are some lessons from the previous projects. The key lesson is that the species (varieties) of project plantation were limited and forest pests/diseases occurred sometimes. The low diversity of tree species caused the relatively lower stability of project plantation ecosystem and week resistant to the incidents of forest pests/diseases.xisted in the project implementation, such as improper selection and configuration of afforestation tree species in those project counties, overlarge size of pure forest and low-effect of pest control in some project areas.The project designers should aim at the features of all project forests belong to the ecological forest, and fully learn lessons and experience from the preparation and execution of the previous EPGs, so as to improve the project environmental management to a higher standard.2.2 Preparation and execution of “Pest Management Plan” (PMP)The previous two World Bank loan forestry projects in Hunan, namely "NAP", "FDPA", "FRDPP", and "SFDP" were prepared and executed a PMP with specific

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provisions to the project plantations in the aspects of pests/diseases prevention and monitoring as well as the safe use of chemical pesticides. The use of physical and biological methods was encouraged; the high-efficient and low-poisonous chemical pesticide was requested when chemical method is necessary.Many successful experience were acquired in the previous projects, such as making use of Forest Pest Control and Quarantine Station (FPCQS) and Pest Forecasting Stations at all levels for the timely forest pests/diseases monitoring and forecasting as well as the effectively pests/diseases prevention.This project would not only continually make use of FPCQS at all levels, but also will increase the monitoring sites and extend monitoring area for better monitoring and forecasting of the pests/diseases occurrence.2.3 Organization of training on environmental protection measures at all levelsA great number of trainings were held to project technical and management staff at all levels as well as project entities and farmers to enhance their environmental awareness and help them to learn and master the knowledge and techniques required in the EPG and PMP, so that they can carry out them precisely in the project implementation..2.4 Conduction of Ecological Environmental Monitoring and EvaluationThe ecological environmental monitoring on soil erosion, soil fertility and pests/diseases was conducted in the main timber forest, economic forest, bamboo forest and multi-function protection forest to reveal the impacts on soil erosion and soil fertility caused by project afforestation activities, as well as the regular pattern of pests/diseases occurrence in project forests.2.5 Environmental Management Performance of Previous World Bank Loan Forestry ProjectsIn the project areas, there were no negative impacts caused by project implementation on local natural forests, natural reserves and wild animal habitats.The improper traditions of sites without careful preparation and “mountain burning” site preparation methods were abandoned. Alternatively, the forest ecological structures of project plantation forests coexisted with the rationally retained natural arbors, bushes was formed to increase the ecological stability of forest plantations and to maintain the soil fertility in forest plantations. Such environmental protection measures of partial site preparation along contour line and “triangle” form planting hole layout, partial forest tending method, retention of under-forest vegetations were applied in the project afforestation and plantation forest management to reduce soil and water loss, as well as to maintain soil fertility and biodiversity of plantation forest.The project plantation forests were formed as the multiple-variety and small-scale continuous forests with more reasonable structure, by altering the traditional practice of single superior variety plantation forest in large continuous scales, so that the risks of land degradation and pests/diseases occurrence of the artificial forest ecosystems have been reduced.The pests/diseases in the project plantations has been well prevented, and the occurrence of pests/diseases was controlled by a low level. The pests/diseases occur in

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the individual forest stands were controlled timely and effectively. The main pests/diseases prevention measures are physical and biological methods, and the adopted chemical pesticides are all in accordance with related WHO requirements.The environmental monitoring on different types of projects plantations showed that, in the forest planting year and the followed year, the majority of forestland will experience a mild soil erosion (erosion modulus<2500 t/a·km2) as the result of site slashing, site preparation, intercropping, young forest tending; moderate or heavy soil erosion (erosion modulus>2500t/a`km2) only occur when overall site preparation method or overall site forest tending method applied on slope lands; the occurrence of pests/diseases in new forest plantation is low, and with almost no large-scale outbreak of that.The project technical and management staff at all levels as well as the project beneficiaries (including local farmers) gained the environmental protection consciousness in afforestation and plantation management, and mastered necessary methods and measures of environmental protection, which ensured the environmental protection compliance of project implementation, and the personnel foundation for extending environmental protection measures in the establishment and management of forest plantations in the project areas.2.6 Ecological Environmental benefits achieved in Previous World Bank Loan Forestry Projects(1) The areas of forest land, the forest coverage and the amount of carbon sequestration are increased.Hunan province has successfully implemented the four World Bank loan forestry projects, i.e. “NAP”, “FRDPP”, “FDPA” and “SFDP”. The newly afforestation established by the four project is totally accumulated by 25.83 ×104 hectares which brought a 4.8% increase of the forest coverage to the project areas. Meanwhile, the amount of carbon sequestration was increased and the function of carbon sequestration was enhanced in the project areas.(2) The ecological environment is well protected and greatly improved.Each previous project has prepared an practical EMP and executed it strictly in project implementation, which resulted in the promoted ecological benefits such as reduction of soil erosion, increase of forest coverage, enhancement of ecological function of forest in water and soil conservation, etc., so that the ecological environment of project areas got well protected and greatly improved.(3) The biodiversity is protected and increasedThe increase of forest area and form of forest microclimate provide a more suitable living conditions for wildlife, so that the numbers and varieties of wild plants and animals are significantly increased, and the biodiversity is more enriched..

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3. Project Description3.1 Project ObjectivesThe objectives of this project include improving the ability of forest ecological system in resistance to disaster climate and adaptation to climate change, as well as enhancing the environmental function by developing and adopting forest restoration and management methods, exploring the new forest operation models in storm-affected areas where forest resources were seriously damaged.3.2 Project componentsA. Component One: Reforestation and rehabilitation of damaged ecological forest plantations:

(1). This component includes two subcomponents:(a) The full reforestation of ecological forest plantations completely denuded by the ice storm. This reforestation would be achieved by reforesting 27,665.0 ha of forestland with various locally adapted mixes of conifer and broadleaf indigenous species.(b) The rehabilitation of damaged ecological forest plantations, which would include:

(i) The supplemental reforestation of 18,635.0 ha of damaged and partially denuded ecological forest plantations by inter-planting them with mixes of conifer and broadleaf indigenous species; and(ii) The regeneration of 12,560.0 ha of damaged ecological forest plantation where natural regeneration (spontaneous germination of forest seedlings from seed dropped by mature trees and stored in the ground, as well as the sprouts from damaged stumps) would be promoted.

(2) The project interventions envisaged under this component would result in the creation of rehabilitated multi-species ecological forest plantations that would have multi-level structures (trees of different heights and ages) with an optimum canopy cover allowing them to be more resilient to the effects of future natural disasters and to provide better soil and water conservation and other environmental functions.

B. Component two: Institutional support and technology enhancement:Under this component, the project would finance five subcomponents:

(a) The upgrading of two central nurseries in Taoyuan County and Suxian District and a provincial demonstration nursery in Ningxiang County, as well as improve the quality of seedlings throughout the project areas. The proposed upgrading would: (i) increase the number of seedling species and supply amount as well as improve the quality of planting materials; and (ii) support the adoption of better nursery management technologies. (b) The establishment and strengthening of 22 beneficiaries’ cooperatives for the purpose of reforesting, rehabilitating and long-term management of ecological forest plantations.(c) The implementation of research activities aimed at identifying and disseminating new technologies and better adapted reforestation species; the

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implementation of training and extension activities to introduce more adapted ecological forest plantation species, new plantation technical models and species mixes, as well as nursery production and management techniques.These activities would also upgrade the capacity of forestry staff and beneficiaries. (d) Project monitoring and evaluation systems would be put in place to monitor project progress and quality, measure its outputs and evaluate the achievement of its anticipated impacts.(e) Support to project management and institutional development, including the establishment and continued satisfactory operation of the Project Management Office at the provincial level (PPMO) and the 22 County PMOs.

3.3 Distribution of project areasThe project will be implemented in 22 counties (city, district) of 10 prefectures in Hunan province (see table 3-1 and figure 3-1).

Table 3-1 Distribution of project areasNo.

Prefecture County (city, district)1 Changsha Ningxiang

2 Zhuzhou Liling

3 Hengyang Leiyang, Changning and Hengnan

4 Yueyang Yueyang, Pingjiang

5 Shaoyang Xinshao

6 Changde Taoyuan and Dingcheng

7 Chenzhou Rucheng, Zixing, Suxian, Guiyang, Anren, Guidong and Yongxing

8 Yongzhou Shuangpai and Jingdong

9 Huaihua Yuanling, Mayang

10 Autonomous Prefecture

Luxi

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Figure 3-1 Distribution of project areas

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4. Description of Environmental Conditions and Analysis of Environmental Quality in project areas4.1 Description of environmental status in project areas4.1.1 Natural environmentHunan is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the south-central China. The Chinese “Hunan” means “south to lake”. The name of "Hunan' comes from most parts of the province located in the south to the DongTing Lake, and its abbreviation of "Xiang" comes from the largest river in the province, i.e. Xiang River.The climate in Hunan is continental subtropical monsoon humid climate, with distinct four seasons, abundant sunshine and rainfall, a long frost-free period. The annual sunshine hours are 1,300-1,800 hours, the annual average

temperature is 16-19 , and annual precipitation is 1,200-1,700 ℃ ㎜ in the

province, which is suitable for human living and plants growth.Water resource in Hunan is abundant for it owns the second largest fresh-water lake, i.e. Dongting Lake and 4 main rivers, namely Xiang River, Zi River, Yuan River, and Li River. The total amount of natural water resources is 1.9982×1011m3, among which the total surface water resources is of 1.5652×1011m3, underground water (shallow) is of 4.33×1010m3. The general situation of natural environment in project areas is shown in table 4-1

Table4-1 General situation of natural environment in the project areasNo. County Topography Soil types Climate Hydrolog

y 1 Ningxiang

countyThe northern, western and southern margins of the county are surrounded by mountains; the southeast part is hilly; the northern part is small upland; the northeast part is low-lying, flat and open.

Red soil is the main type of mountain soil.

Annual average temperature is 16.8℃; annual rainfall is 1358.3㎜.

Wei River and Jin River

2 Liling city The uplifting southwest and northern part tilt to the central part from two-way by 4 steps of terrace; the main topography is hill.

Main soil types are red soil and red yellow soil developed from plate shale and sandstone.

Annual average temperature is 18.9℃; annual rainfall is 1450 ㎜.

Lu River, Zhaoling River and Jian River

3 Leiyang city The terrain is relatively complex, including mountain, hill, small upland and flat land, in which the

Mainly red soil Annual average temperature is 17.9℃; annual rainfall is

Lei River

14

app:ds:River

app:ds:Lushui

app:ds:River

app:ds:Weishui

app:ds:hydrology

app:ds:hydrology

app:ds:types

app:ds:land


small upland and hill are the primary types.

1337 ㎜.

4 Changning city

Three terrain types, including mountain, hills, and plain.

Paddy soil, red soil, purplish soil and yellow soil are the main mountain soils.


Xiang River

5 Hengnan county

The county is located in a basin with higher margins and lower midst, which open to north. The mainly landforms include mountain, hill, small upland and flat land, in which hill and small upland are the commonest landform.

There are granitization red soil, board shale red soil, red sandstone, limestone red soil, the quaternary red clay and so on.

Annual average temperature is 17.8℃; annual rainfall is of 1443 ㎜.

Zheng River Lei water

6 Pingjiang county

The county has relative complex geological structure, various types of landforms. The southeast and northeast terrain is higher, and the southwest is lower.

The main mountain soils are red soil and yellow soil, and the secondary is the lime soil.

Annual average temperature is 17.0℃; annual rainfall is of 1463 ㎜.

Lian, Zi River

7 Yueyang county

The proportion of mountain, hills, small upland, plain, and the water area is 12:11:24:13:40

The mountain soils are red soil, yellow bonus rang and yellow brown soil.


Dongting Lake, Miluo River

8 Xinshao county

Various types of landforms, such as flat land, small upland, hill and mountain are exited in the county. The terrain of the middle part is gradually declined from south to north.

The main soil tyes include board shale red soil, granitization red soil, the quaternary red clay, red sandstone, granitization yellow soil and purple soil.

Annual average temperature is 16.5 ℃; annual rainfall is 1365.3㎜.

Xinqiang River

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9 Taoyuan county

Located in the transitional belt from the western Hunan mountainous and Dongting plain, and the main landscape is middle-to-low mountains.

Red soil, yellow red soil and mountain yellow soil which developed from plate shale and sandstone are the main soil types.

Annual average temperature is 16.5 ℃, annual rainfall is 1358.3㎜.

Yuan River, Li River

10 Dingcheng District

Plain and hill are the main terrains

Red soil is the primary soil type, paddy soil is the secondary type, and yellow soil and purple clay soil also exist in the county.

Annual average temperature is 16.5℃; annual rainfall is 1423㎜.

Yuan River, Li River

11 Rucheng County

The county is surrounded by mountains and inserted with hills and basins. , The terrain is decline from the northwest to the southeast.

Red soil, yellow red soil, and mountain yellow soil are the main soil types.

1558.3㎜Annual average temperature is 16. 6℃;annual rainfall is 1558.3㎜.

Xiang River water system: Ou river, Zhe river, Xiu river and Ce river;Gan River water system: Jilong river;Bei River water system: Jiulong stream and Cheng stream

12 Zixing city The landform is middle-to-low mountains. The terrain is declined from east to west in three obviously horse-shoe steps.

The main soil types are red soil, yellow red soil, yellow soil, etc, which were developed from granite, limestone, plate shale and glutenite.


Dong River Cheng River Yongle

13 Suxian district

The northwest part was located in the south of Chayong basin. In this area, the terrain is relatively flat and broad, hill is the mainly type of landscape. The

The red soil, which developed from limestone, plate shale, and sandstone is the main soil

Annual average temperature is 18℃; annual rainfall is

Lei River, Wu river

16

app:ds:River

app:ds:Lishui

app:ds:River

app:ds:Lishui


altitude is declined from southeast to northwest.

1358.3㎜.

14 Anren County

Various types of landforms such as flat land, small upland, hill and mountain are mixed in the county. The main terrain is with a trend from the southeast part to the northwest part and two basins lay among three mountains, which open to north.

The primary soil type is red soil, which was developed from limestone, plate shale, and sandstone


Lei river

15 Guidong County

The topography is complicated, with rolling mountains. This county has typical mountainous land where the mountains, deep cut, high cliff, and flat hill are freely crisscrossed

The primary soil type is red soil, which was developed from limestone, plate shale, and sandstone.


Yongle River

16 Guiyang County

The main landform is hill and hill, with a higher northern and southern area and lower middle area.

The soil is vertical distributed from yellow-red soil, yellow soil , yellow brown soil to mountain meadow soil

Annual average temperature is 16.8℃; annual rainfall is 1458.3 ㎜.

Lei river, Mi river, Sui river

17 Yongxing County

There are various types of landforms, such as mountain, hill, hill and basin. Hill distribute in the east, hill in the west, while hill and basin are alternated in the middle, open in the south and north like saddle or mulberry.

The red soil developed from board shale is the main type of soil, followed by red soil developed from limestone, and sandstone, acid purple soil, and purple clay soil

Annual average temperature is of 17.6 ℃; annual rainfall is of 1417 ㎜.

Lei River

18 Shuangpai County

The main landform is mountain combined with hill, hill and plain. The topography is like a saddle, lower in the south and north. The topography is complex with numerous divisions.

The red soil is the main soil type, followed by the mountain yellow soil, and yellow brown soil.


Xiao River

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19 Gold hole administrative zones

The primary geomorphologic pedogenic rocks are sandstone, shale and carbonaceous slate. The soil is deep and fertile and with a high content of organic.

Main soil types include paddy soil, aquic soil, red soil, mountain yellow earth, yellow brown soil, mountain meadow soil and rendzina, ect.


Xiao River

20 Yuanling County

The landform is tilted from the southern and northern mountain ridge to Yuan River, convex in the southern area, lower in the east and west and sinking in the middle which shapes a river valley

The main types of soil include paddy soil, red soil,purple soil, etc.

Annual average temperature is 16.6 ℃; annual rainfall is 1538 ㎜.

Yuan River, You water

21 Mayang county

The southwestern part is mountainous, the northeast is hills and the middle is valley with hilly plain

The main type of soil include paddy soil,purple soil, aquic soil, red soil, mountain yellow earth,mountain yellow brown soil, and mountain meadow soil.


Jin River

22 Luxi county The main landform is low mountains sloping gently from the east to the west. And the topography is like a ‘川’from east to west.

The main type of soil include paddy soil, aquic soil, red soil,mountain yellow earth, yellow brown soil, mountain mountain soil and rendzina.

Annual average temperature is 17.0℃; annual rainfall is 1450㎜.

Yuan River Wu River

4.1.2 Social environment(1) Social economy:

The total territory area in Hunan province is 21×104 ㎞ 2 with a population of 70

million, including 55 million of agricultural populations. There are 14 prefectures, 122 counties (city, district) in Hunan province. In 2010 the total GDP of Hunan province is RMB 1,590 billion Yuan, among which the GDP of the first, second, and third industry is RMB 233.9, 731.2, and 624.9 billion Yuan respectively. The overview of the economic and social condition of each project county (city, district) is shown in Table 4-2

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Table 4-2 Social economic status in the project areasProject

county (city, district)

Total territory area

(×104 hectares)

Number of township (town,

forest farm)

Total Population

(×104)

Agricultural population(×104

)

GDP(￥×1011 )

Ningxiang 29 33 136 120 290Liling 21.6 33 103.2 88.07 260Leiyagn 26.56 36 130 102 240Changning 20.46 27 86 70 159Hengnan 26.2 25 99 91.55 120Xinshao 17.2 15 80 67.80 100Pingjaing 21 27 100 82.62 98.6Yueyang 19.3 20 76 65.40 102Taoyuan 16.3 40 97.6 82.93 112

Dingcheng8.8 37 85 72.5 132

Rucheng29.3 23 37 32.48 82

Zixing21 27 36 24.3 156

Suxian 5 17 36.42 22.57 93

Guiyang12 39 86 69 86

Anren14 21 39 34.75 56

Guidong13 19 17 12.67 45

Yongchang21 25 63.85 42.62 87

Shuangpai26 15 22 14 56

Jindong 7.2 5 15 14.5 12

Yuanling45 23 70 45.67 97

Mayang18 23 38.83 32.77 45

Luxi19 17 29 27 32

(2) Land ownershipFor the 22 project counties of 10 prefectures, 58,860.0 hectares of land have been selected as project areas, 10.6% of which is state-owned, and other 89.4% is of collective-owned. In the other word, 6,239.16 hectares of project areas are belonged to the state owned lands, and 52,620.84 hectares of project areas are belonged to the collective owned lands.4.1.3 Ecological environmentHunan is located in the central subtropical zone, with mild climate, favorable

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ecological environment and rich biodiversity. The forest converge is over 57% in the province. Hunan is rich in plant resources, diverse in vegetation types. According to the survey, there are totally 248 families of vascular plants, 1245 genera (including 119 indigenous genera), and more than 5500 species of plants in Hunan, which ranks seventh in China. There are five rare “living fossil" plant species, i.e. Cathaya argyrophylla, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Glyptostrobus pensilis, Ginkgo biloba and Davidia involucrata Baill survive in here.Lush vegetation provides a suitable living condition for wildlife. According the statistic, there are 897 species of vertebrates belonging to 5 classes, 44 orders and 146 families in Hunan province, including 91 species of mammals belonging to 9 orders and 28 families, 448 species of birds belonging to 19 orders and 71 families, 92 species of reptiles belonging to 3 orders and 15 families, 64 species of amphibians belonging to 2 orders and 9 families, 202 species of fish belonging to 11 orders and 23 families, among which there are 18 species of the Grade of Ⅰ national protective animals and 79 species of the Grade Ⅱ of national protective animals. The present situation of ecological environment in the project areas is shown in Table 4-3.

Table 4-3 Ecological environment status in the project areasProject county Vegetation resources status Animal resources status

Ningxiangcounty

The type of forest vegetation is central subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests, and there are 86 families and 691 species of seed plants, including 13 species of national protective wild plants (2 species of Grade Ⅰ, and 11 species ofGrade Ⅱ).

There are abundant animal resources, including otter, pangolin, masked civet, tiger frog, owls, Tyto, and silver pheasant which are Grade Ⅱ of national protective animals

Liling city

The type of forest vegetation is central subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests, and there are 77 families and 396 species of seed plants which include 12 species of the national protective wild plants (2 species of Grade Ⅱ and 10 species of Grade Ⅰ).

There are abundant animal resources, including Clouded Leopard which is the Grade Ⅰ of national protective animals and otter, pangolin, masked civet, tiger frog, owls, Tyto, and Silver pheasant which are the Grade Ⅱ of national protective animals.

Leiyang city

The type of forest vegetation is central subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests, and there are 93 families and 470 species of seed plants which include 15 species of the national protective wild plants (5 species of Grade Ⅰ and 10 species of Grade Ⅱ).

Animal populations mainly consist with South China fauna, southwest China fauna and a few northern China fauna. According to a survey, there are 18 species of mammals, 17 species of birds, 85 species of fish.

Changning city

The type of forest vegetation is central subtropical evergreen broad-leaved

This area is located in the transition zone of Palearctic and Oriental region

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forests, and there are 75 families and 750 species of seed plants which include 17 species of the national protective wild plants (5 species of Grade Ⅰ, 12 species of Grade Ⅱ).

according to the forest animal regionalization, in which live more than 200 species of animals, including 30 species of mammals, more than 70 species of birds, 20 species of reptiles, 20 species of amphibians, more than 80 species of fish.

Hengnan county

The type of forest vegetation is central subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests, and there are 121 families and 834 genera of seed plants which include 20 species of the national protective wild plants (4 species of Grade Ⅰ, 16 species of Grade Ⅱ).

This area is located in the transition zone of Palearctic and Oriental region according to the forest animal regionalization, in which live more than 200 species of species, including 30 species of mammals, more than 60 species of birds, 20 species of reptiles, 20 species of amphibians, more than 80 species of fish.

Xinshao county

The type of forest vegetation is central subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests, and there are 243 families and 868 species of seed plants which include 18 species of the national protective wild plants (4 species of Grade Ⅰ, 14 species of Grade Ⅱ).

Wildlife resources ecological classification belongs to the central subtropical forest, shrubs, grassland and cropland fauna. There are various species, including 33 species of mammals (7 orders, 18 families), 66 species of birds (12 orders, 29 families ),84 species of reptilian (3 orders, 10 families),species of amphibian (2 orders, 7 families), 89 species of fish (7 orders, 16 families)

Pingjiang county


There are 154 species of wild vertebrate (24 orders, 59 families), including 29 species of mammals (9 orders, 16 families), 98 species of birds (11 orders, 28 families), and 27 species of amphibian (2 orders, 7 families).

YueYangcounty


289 species of wild animals, including 22 species of mammals and 266 species of birds.

Taoyancounty

The type of forest vegetation is central subtropical evergreen broad-leaved

There are 212 species of terrestrial vertebrates (4 classes, 25 orders, 70

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forests, and there are 102 families and 850 species of seed plants which include 18 species of the national protective wild plants (3 species of Grade Ⅰ, 15 species of Grade Ⅱ).

families), including 24 species of amphibians, 40 species of reptilian, 106 species of birds and 42 species of mammals.

Dingceng district


There are rare and valuable animals, including forest musk deer, tufted deer, sambar, south China tiger, Panthera pardus, Chrysolophus pictus, Tragopan caboti golden pheasant, Silver pheasant, Leiothrixlutea etc.

RuChengcounty


There are rare wildlife species, including species of mammals (sambar, deer, otter wild goat Malayan pangolin etc), tracing of the south China tiger which was found in Yangdong mountain at the border between Guangdong and Hunan province, species of birds (pheasant, wild duck, eagle, owl, Swan, turtledove, egret, wild goose etc.) and species of fish (Hemiculter, siniperca chuatsi, salangid, Xenocypris davidi etc.)

Zixingcounty


There are rare wildlife species, including species of mammals (sambar, deer, hedgehog, Chinese water deer, otter, wild goat, Malayan pangolin etc), species of birds (pheasant, wild duck, eagle, owl, Swan, turtledove, egret, wild goose etc.) and species of fish (Hemiculter, siniperca chuatsi, salangid, Xenocypris davidi etc.)

Suxiandistrict


There are 75 species of vertebrates (19 orders, 70 families), including 17 species of mammals (6 orders, 9 families), 38 species of birds (9 orders, 14 families), 20 species of Amphibian-reptiles (4 orders, 7 families).

GuiYangcounty

The type of forest vegetation is central subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests, and there are 178 families and

There are 175 species of vertebrates (19 orders, 53 families), including 17 species of mammals (6 orders, 19

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934 species of seed plants which include 20 species of the national protective wild plants (4 species of Grade Ⅰ, 16 species of Grade Ⅱ).

families), 58 species of birds (9 orders, 19 families), 40 species of amphibians (4 orders, 16 families).

Anrencounty


There are more than 800 species of Wild animals, including 22 species of mammals, 210 species of birds. 27 species of snakes and 79 species of fish.

Guidongcounty


240 species of terrestrial vertebrate, and 116 species of birds.

YongXingcounty


Animals in this area belong to the central subtropics forest, shrubs, grassland, and cropland fauna, with abundant species and quantities. There are more than 200 species of wildlife, including 27 species of rare animals, 200 species of common wild animals.

Shuangpaicounty


153 species of animals, belonging to 7 orders, 17 families and 62 genera

Jindongdistrict


110 species of animals, belonging to 7 orders, 12 families and 51 genera

Yuanlingcounty

The type of forest vegetation is central subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests, and there are 111 families and 1204 species of seed plants which

In Yuanling, wild boar and pangolin are the main species of wild mammal, and species and quantities of birds, squamous animals and reptiles are

23

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include 22 genera of the national protective wild plants (6 species of Grade Ⅰ, 16 species of Grade Ⅱ).

abundant here.

Mayangcounty


In Yuanling, wild boar and pangolin are the main species of wild mammal, and species and quantities of birds, squamous animals and reptiles are abundant here.

Luxicounty

The type of forest vegetation is central subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests, and there are 113 families and 1237 species of seed plants which include 20 species of the national protective wild plants (4 species of Grade Ⅰ and 16 species of Grade ).Ⅱ

130 species of wild animals, including 29 species of fish, 8 species of amphibians, 11 species of reptilia, 37 species of birds, 19 species of mammals.

4.1.4 Natural Habitats and physical cultural resourcesThe distance of selected project construction sites to any natural heritage and natural habitat is more than 2 kilometers, so it is not involved in issues related to heritage conservation and protection of natural habitats. There is a scattered distribution of cultural relics and historic sites in the project counties, but there are no relics and historic sites in the selected project sites.4.2 Analysis of current environmental quality related to the project4.2.1 Soil erosion and surface runoff in HunanHunan belongs to typical mountain and hill terrain, with a mountain and hill area accounting for 80% of total provincial land area and an erodible soil area accounting for more than half of the total territory area of the province. With abundant rainfall and frequent rainstorm, a lot of factors are existing that may cause soil erosion. Owing to the dense population and influence of social economic activities, namely development, utilization, production and construction, soil erosion is further aggravated. According to the analysis at the prefectural level, soil erosion areas in 6 prefectures, i.e. Huaihua, Shaoyang, Chenzhou, Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, Yongzhou and Hengyang occupy 63% of the total erosion area in the province. Huaihua has the largest area of soil erosion in the province, the total erosion area in

this prefecture is 5,107 ㎞ 2. It is can be seen from the province's soil erosion figure

that the distribution of soil erosion is dispersedly and widely, with “surface erosion” and “local landslides” as its main erosion forms, “collapse” also a common form. Except Anxiang and Nan county which located in the Lake region, soil erosion has occurred in the other project counties in different degree. The red soil hilly region in the middle of Hunan and Wuling mountainous in the west and northwest of Hunan are still with relatively concentrated and severe soil and water loss in Hunan province.

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According to the overall analysis of soil and water loss situation, the moderate erosion

is the main type of soil erosion in Hunan with the area of 22,128 ㎞ 2, which

accounting for 54.78% of the total area of soil erosion in the province; the light

erosion is rank second with an area of 15,996 ㎞2, which accounting for 39.6% of the

total area of soil erosion; areas in serious erosion and extremely erosion in Hunan take the smaller percentage.4.2.2 Water quality of related water bodiesHunan has abundant water resources with good water quality. Water quality in the followed Rivers is above the Grade of national standard: Ⅲ the Wei River and its branch Jin River in Ningxiang County, Lu River, Zhaoling River and Jian River in Liling City, Lei River in Leiyang City, Xiang River and its tributaries Yi River, Tan River and Chunling River in Changning city, Xiang River and Lei River in Hengnan County, Xinqiang River in Xinshao County, Lian River in Pingjiang County, Dongting Lake and Miluo River in Yueyang County, YuanRiver and Li River in Taoyuan county and Dingcheng District, the tributaries of Xiang River namely Ou River, Zhe River, Xiu River, Ce River, and the tributary of North River namely Chengxi River in Rucheng County, East River, Cheng River and Yongle River in Zixing city, Lei River and Wu River in Suxian district, Lei River, Mi River, Sui River in Guiyang County, Lei River in Anren County, Yongle River in Guidong County, Lei River in Yongxing county, Yuan River and You River in Yuanling county, Jin River in Mayang county and Yuan River and Wu River in Luxi County. Water quality in the followed Rivers can reach the Grade of national standard: the tributaries of GanⅡ River namely Nine Dragon River and Gathering Dragon River in Rucheng County, Xiao River in Shuangpai county and Jingdong management zone. The water quality of underground water in each of the project counties is good.4.2.3 Vegetation Coverage and Plant Community StructureHunan is a province with a high vegetation coverage, in which the forest coverage reaches 57%.Hunan is rich in plant resources and diverse in vegetation types. There are five vegetation type groups, 12 vegetation types and 146 formations in the whole province. Common plant communities include evergreen broad-leaved forest, such as Cyclobalanopsis glauca forest, Castanopsis eyrei forest, lithocarpus forest, Castanopsis sclerophylla forest, forest of Castanopsis kawakamii, castanopsis carlesii forest, schima superba forest; deciduous broad-leaved forest in the middle mountain region, such as Fagus lucida forest and Betula insignis forest; deciduous broad-leaved forest in low mountain region, such as Castanea henryi forest, forest of Quercus glandulifera, white oak forest, cork oak forest, forest of Betula luminifera, Liquidambar formosana forest; coniferous forest mainly consists of masson pine, Taiwan pine, Pinus kwangtungensis, Tsuga longibracteata Cheng, hemlock forest mixed with broadleaf tree, silver fir, Douglas fir, etc.4.2.4 Biodiversity status

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dict://key.0895DFE8DB67F9409DB285590D870EDD/Pinus%20kwangtungensis

dict://key.0895DFE8DB67F9409DB285590D870EDD/Betula%20insignis

dict://key.0895DFE8DB67F9409DB285590D870EDD/Fagus%20lucida

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Hunan has the favorable climate, diverse environment, rich biodiversity, and a total number of 6254 species of animals and plants among which there are 5361 species of vascular plants (not including the cultivated plants and invasive plants) and 893 species of vertebrates. Hunan has a large number of birds with a total number of 435 species, for instant, there are 9 species of crane in China, and 4 species can be found in Hunan, and the amount of Anser erythropus overwintering in Dongting Lake is accounted for 90% of the entire world. There are 2989 species of Chinese endemic species recorded in Hunan, including 2770 species of endemic plants and 219 species of endemic animals.There are 82 species of vertebrate and higher plants invaded into Hunan, including 65 species of invasive plants, 17 species of vertebrate, and other 12 species of insects. According to the endangered species grade made by IUCN, there are 16 species were critically endangered, 73 species were endangered, 232 species were vulnerable, and 151 species were nearly endangered.4.2.5 Environment pollutionThe project areas are in the typical rural district, which is far away from the city and town; basically there are no large scale gas and water pollution source in periphery, so that the regional environmental quality is good, except the soil pollution in limited areas that maybe caused by mineral composition or fertilization of the soil.

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5. Environmental Impact Analysis of Project Construction5.1 Positive Environmental ImpactsThe implementation of the project is helpful for full play of the various functions and benefits of forest, especially by obvious expansion of forested areas, improvement of forest structure and forest quality, and improvement of the regional ecological environment condition. According to the project implementation, it will make positive effects on water conservation, soil and water conservation, soil improvement and biodiversity increase.5.1.1 Water conservation, soil and water conservation and soil improvementWhen project completed, the forest coverage in the project areas will be increased by 1%. The forest will weaken the rainfall erosion force, improve the soil structure, rise the erosion-resistant capability of the soil, hold moisture seepage and evaporation, increase the soil permeability, extend the runoff formation time, reduce the surface runoff volume and speed by the biological physical function of the forest canopy, forest litter layer and soil, thus to improve the functions of regulating flood peak, water conservation, soil erosion prevention, soil conservation and water purification.5.1.2 Increase biodiversityWith a success implementation of this project, the original ecological environment condition in the project areas will be improved to create a better conditions for biological population to live and multiply which will increase the plant diversity and vegetation coverage, and attract some birds and small mammals for multiplication, thereby the local diversity will be enriched.5.1.3 Increase carbon sequestration and condition micro-climate

In the photosynthesis process, forest, with an important position in the atmosphere

balance of the earth, can absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, therefore it can

effectively slow down the greenhouse effect. According to the statistic, one hectare of

forest could release 10.7 tons of oxygen and absorb 13 tons of carbon dioxide

annually in average. This project will establish 58,860 hectares of project plantation,

by roughly calculated, it would release 630,000 tons of oxygen and absorb 765,000

tons of carbon dioxide annually. Forest has the function of adjusting temperature for

the tree canopy can sheltering against the sun radiation energy, the temperature

difference between day and night or between winter and summer in forest is relatively

small, which can reduce the freezing damage. At the same time, transpiration of trees

can increase the moisture content of air, which results in the humidity in forest is 5%-

20% higher than non-forest land. In addition, the forest also has certain function in

increasing precipitation.5.2 Potential Negative Environmental impacts and mitigation measures5.2.1 Negative environmental impacts of site selection and mitigation measures

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5.2.1.1Impacts Analysis

(1) The Improper selection of the sites, such as afforest in the top shrub community or

open forest land in relative arid area will cause some negative impacts on maintaining

the regional biodiversity as well as the naturalness and integrity of ecosystem.

(2) It may cause serious water and soil erosion, if the slope of selected project sites is

over 35°.

(3) The improper distribution of project sites, such as too close to the natural reserves

or ecological welfare forests will cause negative impacts on the habitats or the

migrating corridors of wildlifes.

5.2.1.2 Mitigation measures

(1) Forest Plantation Areas which are seriously destroyed by ice disaster, of geo-

ecological importance, fragile in ecological conditions or have severe ecological

problems should be selected for project afforestation. Areas with valuable natural

habitats, natural and cultural heritages can never be selected. The forbidden areas for

new plantation establishment and existing plantation improvement include areas less

than 2000 m from the buffer zones of nature or cultural heritages, less than 50m from

the main river banks and 20m from the subsidiary river banks.

(2) The area with slope over 35° can not be selected for project afforestation. And the

quality of selected project sites should be mainly category and category of siteⅡ Ⅲ

classification.

(3) Zoning sub-compartment in a reasonable way, and strictly control the scale of

afforestation. Areas of each sub-compartment of the reforestation and rehabilitation of

damaged ecological forest should not exceed 20 and 35 hectares respectively.5.2.2 Negative environmental impacts of species (variety) selection and distribution and Mitigation measures

5.2.2.1 Impact analysis

Good native tree species should be selected as the main afforestation species in the

project. The improper selection of tree species may introduce invasive species. Large

scale of pure forest plantation with simple forest structure, less biodiversity, and

limited genetic genes will cause negative impacts on forest landscape and

28


biodiversity, meanwhile, it also will weaken the mechanism of pest control, hence to

exacerbate the risk of the occurrence of pests/diseases.


(1) Good native tree species should be selected as the main afforestation species in the

project. The size of contiguous plantation of single species or variety should be

strictly controlled. In the mixed afforestation models, the number of dominant tree

species can not exceed 70% of the total tree numbers.

(2) Introduction of tree species or varieties should be strictly controlled. The tree

species or varieties that have been successfully afforested by experiment can be

introduced; the new exotic species or invasive species are forbidden to introduce.

(3) In the aspect of allocation of tree species, it is advocated to establish mixed forest

with multiple tree species, which should mix with the existing forests and natural

vegetation.

(4) Proper site selection and scientific allocation of tree species should be considered

during the project design, such as combination of tree species, provenance, gene types

and tree ages. The strong seedlings cultivated from superior provenance, families or

clones of native tree species are selected for afforestation to strengthen the

pests/diseases and diseases resistance capacity and to reduce risks of pests/diseases

occurrence..

(5) In designing and arranging forest plantations, it is suggest that make full use of

wildlife corridor, retain native tree species, using the rivers protection corridor,

allocate tree species in different ages, adopt the associated tree species methods to

mimic the local natural forest landscape pattern, promote the protection, recovery and

maintenance of natural plant communities.5.2.3 Negative environmental impacts of site slashing and preparation and Mitigation measures

5.2.3.1 Impacts analysis.

Site slashing may cause permanent or temporary disturbs on vegetation and plant

resources, including destroy of original vegetation, loss of surface soil, and reduce of

soil fertility. In particular, site slashing by mountain burning will totally destroy the

original vegetation and cause severe loss of surface soil and soil fertility.

29

app:ds:successfully


The improper site preparation may result in water and soil loss in partial areas.


(1) Mountain burning is forbidden for the site slashing.

(2) Bushes or grasses that hinder the afforestation activities should be removed in

patch or strip forms. Removed bushes or grasses should be piled between such strips

or planting holes for natural decomposition.

(3) Vegetations in steep slope land or slope top, and forest land in gully or river bank

are forbidden to clean-up.

(4) Hole, strip or overall types are selected at the time of site preparation, which

should be based on the slopes conditions. The ground breaking area should be

controlled below 25%.

(5) Vegetation protection belt of l0 m wide should be retained between the edges of

the forest plantation block and the farmland.

(6) After the site preparation, the litter materials will be mulched on land surface to

avoid raw soil exposure.

(7) When digging hole on rocky mountain with slope over 25°, the ecological barriers

should be built to avoid rolling rock to protect people and farmland. 5.2.4 Negative environmental impacts of tending management measures on forest plantations and Mitigation measures

5.2.4.1Impacts analysis

Tending management activities may cause negative environmental impacts on project

areas and nearby regions by destroy of vegetation, disturb of surface soil, cause of

new soil erosion as well as water and soil loss, etc.

5.2.4.2 Mitigation measuresPartial treatment is adopted for young forest tending to keep as far as possible the site natural vegetation. The weed removed thereby will be kept in-site as mulches. Litter collection is forbidden in forest so as to improve the capacity of water conservation and soil fertility maintenance of forest.

5.2.5 Negative environmental impacts of forest path construction

5.2.5.1 Impacts analysis

There will be partial excavation in the project construction. Large scale of excavation

will cause water and soil loss in some areas;

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(1) The forest paths should be constructed with a maximum use of existing paths..

(2) The forest paths should be constructed along contour line as much as possible.

(3) The forest paths should be built with a width between 0.8m～1m and an average

density between 30~80m/hm2. Large scale of ground digging should be prohibited.5.2.6 Negative environmental impacts of application of pesticides and fertilizers

5.2.6.1 Impacts analysis

(1) In the procedures of nursery stock breeding and forest pest control, the application

of pesticides will be increased. Unreasonable use of pesticides may kill natural

enemies of pests and harm other wild animals, hence to cause biodiversity reduction

and species imbalance.

(2) Improper application of pesticides may cause the pollution on water and soil

nearby.

(3) Improper application of fertilizers such as broadcast fertilizer directly may cause

the loss of fertilizers, pollution of water source and decline of water quality nearby.

(4) Long-term application of fertilizers will change the physical and chemical

properties of soil, lead soil harden, and decline soil fertility.

(5) Improper way to clean or handle the pesticide containers may pollute water body

and soil.


(1) It is advocate to reduce the use of chemical pesticides by prevention and biological

control methods.

(2) When pesticide is necessary, it is advocate to use the pesticides of Grade and UⅢ

of WHO, which have low poisonous on the non-target pests. Pesticides of Grade ofⅠ

WHO is forbidden in use.(3) Project farmers or workers should be trained on safe management, storage and use of chemical pesticides before the application of pesticides, in order to avoid the harm to human beings and pollution of water sources or foods. Containers of pesticides or fertilizers should be unified collected and handled.(4) Take the scientific and reasonable fertilizing method. The organic fertilizer and green fertilizer are advocated. Application of chemical fertilizers should strictly followed the requirements of project design that fertilizer should be applied by planting holes or trenches and covered by soil immediately, and broadcast fertilizer addressing is strictly forbidden.

31

app:ds:method

app:ds:fertilizing


(5) It is forbidden to clean containers of pesticide in water sources, water body of aquaculture or watering place of livestocks. Cleaning containers in the irrigation water system is allowed.5.2.7 Negative environmental impacts of timber felling and yarding

5.2.7.1 Impacts analysis(1) Improper felling will cause harm to rest standing trees and understory vegetation, resulting in the loss of soil nutrients(2) Large-scale of clear-cutting may lead decline of overall function of forest ecosystem.(3) Improper methods of yarding may destroy the surrounding trees and natural water system.(4) Skidding road and loading factory will cause serious water and soil erosion

5.2.7.2 Mitigation measures(1) Prohibit clear-cutting; Felling is allowed under the project only for purposes of tending and regeneration. The understory vegetation should be protected when felling.(2) When felling in bamboo forest, using selection cutting with maintaining a reasonable number and forest age configuration of bamboo.(3) Existing trails should be used for yarding. Forest earth road with width less than 1m could be built if necessary.(4) Yarding should strive to use log-length logging rather than tree-length logging.5.2.8 Negative environmental impacts of nursery construction

Construction of nursery includes construction of office building, laboratory, irrigation

canals, transport roads, and inner roads of the nursery.

5.2.8.1 Impacts analysis(1) The construction will change the status of the original land, and affect the local vegetation and biodiversity at a certain extent.(2) Dust, waste water and noise would affect the status of the local ecological environment; improper construction methods and environmental protection measures, such as large scale of excavation, would easily cause new soil erosion and bring negative impacts on the local ecological environment;(3) Improper treatment of laboratory wastewater would cause pollution of water bodies;(4) Acequia construction may affect the productive life of local residents.

5.2.8.2 Mitigation measures(1) The scale and type of construction should be under control strictly to minimize the impact on the local vegetation and biodiversity.(2) Strengthen the management of construction and supervision of environmental protection to reduce negative impacts on environment caused by wastes..Ⅰ Dust pollution

32


① Tiny solid materials stacked on the ground in job sites should be sealed kept or covered, According to the nature of materials, measures like watering should be taken to suppress dust effectively.② Removal and transportation of construction waste should be carried out in closed container. Construction waste should be stored respectively in accordance with the provisions of municipal waste classification, and removed in time.③ The vehicle used in transportation should be covered with tarpaulins.④ Measures such as building fence or watering should be used to suppress dust at the construction site.

⑤ Earthwork should be centralized kept with cover and vehicles should not be over-loaded.⑥ Entrances and exits of construction site should take measures to ensure the vehicles keeping clean. Soil attached in the surface of vehicles should be moved off before exiting construction site. ⑦ Construction sites should be watering and keep clean timely.⑧ Any burning of wastes is prohibited.

.Ⅱ NoiseIn different stages of the construction, various noise sources should cause different impacts on the quality of acoustic environment. Measures should be taken appropriately to reduce the impacts to a minimum level.

① The advanced and reliable low-noise equipment should be selected.② Construction time should be set from 8:00 am to 20:00 pm. In the lunch break period, i.e. 12:00 ~ 14:00, construction activities should be prohibited. In principle, construction at night is forbidden, the necessary night construction should be certified by the administrative departments of construction, approved by the administrative department of environmental protection, and announced to residents.③ For noisy machinery and equipment, damping basis or damping bearings should be set or be surrounded by damping material.④ Reasonable personnel arrangements should be taken, operating time of the noisy machinery operators should be reduced and earmuffs should be equipped to construction workers. ⑤ Regular and effective maintenance should be taken to keep equipments in good condition for the purpose of reducing noise and extending the service life of machine.⑥ Managements of machinery and operator and operating procedures in construction should be paid enough attention to.

.Ⅲ Waste Water① Waste water of vehicle washing, building materials washing, concrete maintenance, sand washing, etc. should be collected into tanks and suspended in temporary sedimentation pond and reused.

33


② Through strictly construction management to reduce the waste water resulted from improper use of machines, and temporary drainage system, as well as water and soil conservation measures to prevent the negative impacts of soil erosion caused by piling up spoil on the water environment.③ Construction unit should take measures on treatment of wastewater.④ Laboratory wastewater should be treated through the sector with professional design to the standard level before discharging to the receiving water body.⑤ Stuff should be trained on environmental protection and waste treatment knowledge to enhance their environmental protection awareness and ensure the correct treatment of wastes..

.Ⅳ Solid wasteIn accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations, solid wastes, like construction waste, spoil (slag) and garbage should be properly collected and treated.

① Construction waste should be recycled and reused comprehensively in other secondary construction like road construction. The surplus should be centralized and treated in time.② Transportation of construction waste should be carried out in closed container and treated in time.③ Water spraying should be done before shipments of construction waste④ Garbage should be collected in trash bag and sent to waste disposal facilities⑤ Toxic and hazardous substances should be treated in accordance with the provisions of laws, burning of these substances is forbidden.⑥ Irrigation canals should designed reasonably and reduce effects on local residents.

5.3 Risk analysis and prevention measuresThe risks of the project include fire, freezing, drought and pests/diseases. The risk factors, degrees and prevention measures are shown in table 5-1.

Table.5-1 Risk analysis and risk prevention measures

Factor Analysis Measures of Risk prevention Degree of risk

Environment risk level

Fire (1) Improper layout of fire break belt will increase the hidden trouble of fire occurrence and the possibility of large area of damaged forest once the fire occurs.(2) Unsound fire prevention agencies as well as mechanism can not timely and efficiently prevent and control the forest fire.

(1) Construct fire break belt and forest path strictly according to the regulations. The chief fire break belt is required with a length of 20m, and the associate fire break belt of 15m. Schima and bayberry can be selected as firebreak tree species with planting space of 2x2m.(2) To efficiently protect forest and control fires by making full use of the existing forest fire prevention agencies, strengthening the publicity, and realizing the forest fire prevention mechanism.

General Low

34


Factor Analysis Measures of Risk prevention Degree of risk

Environment risk level

(3) Each afforestation entity must work out the forest protection and fire prevention plan as well as the regulation on forest fire prevention for local villages, and define fire prevention responsible area. The enough forest rangers should be arranged to match each afforestation area, and work regarding fire prevention should be reported to the PMO and forest fire prevention organizations in time.

Freezing damage

Freezing has impacts on tree growth in a certain extent. But freezing generally occurs periodically. The cold resistant species will be selected to avoid the risk.

Mainly through selection of afforestation species or varieties with strong resistance of cold. If necessary, using the trunk painted white, fumigation and other methods to prevent or mitigate the harm caused by cold temperatures.

General General

Drought

Drought in the project areas will lead a potential threat to tree growth. Through tree species selection, the impacts of drought can be reduced.

Minimizing the risk of drought by selection of drought-resistant species and extension of drought resistant cultivation techniques in the project afforestation..

General General

Pests and diseases

The project forest may be harmed by pest insects and diseases, but with the established quarantine system of pest inserts and diseases and the reporting/forecasting network, the risk can be forecasted and promptly addressed to ensure health of the project forests.

Realizing the efficiently prevention and control of forest pests/diseases by applying the advanced concept and methods of IPM in guiding project pests/diseases prevention, making use of sound pests/diseases monitoring network at national and local level, extending physical and biological control measures, strictly using high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides for chemical control, etc.

Midium General

35


36

5.4 Summary of mitigation measures of negative impacts and prevention measures of risksThe project construction will cause some negative impacts and environmental risks on environment. The negative impacts and respective

mitigation measures as well as the risks analysis in different construction stages are shown in the table 5-2.

Table5-2 Summary of analysis on negative impacts or risks by project construction and their prevention or mitigation measures

Project stagesProject activities

Negative impacts/Risks Prevention or mitigation measuresExecutingagencies

Supervision agencies

Design stage Site selection

1. Improper selection of the project sites will damage the natural vegetation in the ecological fragile areas.2. It may cause serious water and soil erosion, if the slope is greater than 35°3. Improper distribution of project sites will cause negative impacts on the habitats or the moving channels of wildlifes.

(1) Areas which are seriously destroyed by ice disaster, of geo-ecological importance, fragile in ecological conditions or have severe ecological problems should be selected for project afforestation. Areas with valuable natural habitats, natural and cultural heritages can never be selected. The forbidden areas for new plantation establishment and existing plantation improvement include areas less than 2000 m from the buffer zones of nature or cultural heritages, less than 50 m from the main river banks and 20 m from the subsidiary river banks.(2) The area with slope over 35° can not be selected for project afforestation. And the quality of selected project sites should be mainly category and category .Ⅱ Ⅲ(3) Zoning sub-compartment in a reasonable way, and strictly control the scale of afforestation. Areas of each sub-compartment of the reforestation and rehabilitation of damaged ecological forest should not exceed 20 and 35 hectares respectively.

Provincial and county level forestry survey anddesign units

PPMO, ,County Project Management Office (CPMO)

Design stage Species (varitey) selection and distribution

1. The improper selection of the tree species will cause the decrease of the ecological adaptability and stability of forest plantation.2. Large scale of pure forest plantation may exacerbate the risk of the occurrence of

(1) Good native tree species should be selected as the main afforestation species in the project. The size of contiguous plantation of single species or variety should be strictly controlled. In the mixed afforestation models, the number of dominant tree species can not exceed 70% of the total tree numbers. (3) Introduction of tree species or varieties should be strictly controlled. The tree species or varieties that have been successfully afforested by experiment can be introduced; the new exotic species

Provincial and county level forestry survey and design units

PPMO, CPMO

app:ds:successfully


pests/diseases. or invasive species are forbidden to introduce.(3) In the aspect of allocation of tree species, it is advocated to establish mixed forest with multiple tree species, which should mix with the existing forests and natural vegetation.(4) Proper site selection and scientific allocation of tree species should be considered during the project design, such as combination of tree species, provenance, gene types and tree ages. The strong seedlings cultivated from superior provenance, families or clones of native tree species are selected for afforestation to strengthen the pests and diseases resistance capacity and to reduce risks of pests/diseases occurrence.. (5) In designing and arranging forest plantations, it is suggest that make full use of wildlife corridor, retain native tree species, using the rivers protection corridor, allocate tree species in different ages, adopt the associated tree species methods mimic the local natural forest landscape pattern, promote the protection, recovery and maintenance of natural plant communities.

Construction and operation stages

Site slashing

Improper method of site slashing may cause water and soil loss and damage of natural vegetable in fragile regions.

(1) Mountain burning is forbidden for the site slashing.(2) Bushes or grasses that hinder the afforestation activities should be removed in patch or strip forms. Removed bushes or grasses should be piled between such strips or planting holes for natural decomposition.(3) Retain the original vegetation.(4) Protection zone of sufficient size should be divided on both sides of stream.

Project entities and project farmers

PPMO, CPMO


Soil preparation

Improper way of site preparation may cause soil erosion in some areas.

(1) Hole, strip or overall types are selected at the time of site preparation, which should be based on the slopes conditions. The ground breaking area should be controlled below 25%.(2) Vegetation protection belt of l0 m wide should be retained between the edges of the forest plantation block and the farmland.(3) After the site preparation, the litter materials will be mulched on land surface to avoid raw soil exposure.(4) When digging hole on rocky mountain with slope over 25°, the ecological barriers should be built to avoid rolling rock to protect


PPMO, CPMO

38


people and farmland.


Young forest tending

Tending management activities may cause negative environmental impacts on project areas and nearby regions by destroy of vegetation, disturb of surface soil, cause of new soil erosion as well as water and soil loss, etc.

(1) Partial treatment is adopted for young forest tending to keep as far as possible the site natural vegetation. The weed removed thereby will be kept in-site as mulches. (2) Litter collection is forbidden in forest.


PPMO, CPMO


Forest path construction

There will be partial excavation in the project construction. Large scale of excavation will cause water and soil loss in some areas.

(1) The forest paths should be constructed with a maximum use of existing paths..(2) The forest paths should be constructed along contour line as much as possible. (3) The forest paths should be built with a width between 0.8m～1m and an average density between 30~80m/hm2. Large scale of ground digging should be prohibited.


PPMO, CPMO


Application of pesticide and chemical fertilizer

(1) In the procedures of nursery stock breeding and forest pest control, the application of pesticides will be increased. Unreasonable use of pesticides may kill natural enemies of pests and harm other wild animals, hence to cause bio-diversity reduction and species imbalance.(2) Improper application of pesticides or fertilizars may cause the pollution on water and soil nearby.(3) Long-term application of fertilizers will change the

1. It is advocate to reduce the use of chemical pesticides by prevention and biological control methods.2. Use the pesticides of Grade and U of WHO. Ⅲ3. Take the scientific and reasonable fertilizing method. The fertilizer should be applied at the upper part of the holes, and the broadcast fertilizer addressing is strictly forbidden.4. Containers of pesticides or fertilizers should be unified collected and handled. Clean containers of pesticide in water sources, water body of aquaculture or watering place of livestock is forbidden. 5. Conducting training on project farmers or workers in safe use of pesticides and fertilizers.

CPMO, project entities and project farmers

PPMO, CPMO

39

app:ds:method

app:ds:fertilizing


physical and chemical properties of soil, lead soil harden, and decline soil fertility.(4) Improper way to clean or handle the pesticide containers may pollute water body and soil.


Felling and Yarding

(1) Improper felling will cause harm to rest standing trees and understory vegetation, resulting in the loss of soil nutrients(2) Large-scale of clear-cutting may lead decline of overall function of forest ecosystem.(3) Improper methods of yarding may destroy the surrounding trees and natural water system.(4) Skidding road and loading factory will cause serious water and soil erosion.

(1) Prohibit clear-cutting; Felling is allowed under the project only for purposes of tending and regeneration. The understory vegetation should be protected when felling(2) When felling in bamboo forest, using selection cutting with maintaining a reasonable number of bamboo and forest age configuration.(3) Existing trails should be used for yarding. Forest earth road with width less than 1m could be built if necessary.(4) Yarding should strive to use log-length logging rather than tree-length logging.

Certified felling institutions

PPMO, CPMO

Construction and operation

Construction of nursery

(1) The construction will change the status of the

(1) The scale and type of construction should be under control strictly to minimize the impact on the local vegetation and

Certified Units

PPMO, CPMO

40


stages original land, and affect the local vegetation and biodiversity at a certain extent.(2) Dust, waste water and noise would affect the status of the local ecological environment; improper construction methods and environmental protection measures, such as large scale of excavation, would easily cause new soil erosion and bring negative impacts on the local ecological environment;(3) Improper treatment of laboratory wastewater would cause pollution of water bodies;(4) Acequia construction may affect the productive life of local residents.

biodiversity.(2) Strengthen the management of construction and supervision of environmental protection to reduce negative impacts on environment caused by wastes..Dust pollutionⅠ

① Tiny solid materials stacked on the ground in job sites should be sealed kept or covered, According to the nature of materials, measures like watering should be taken to suppress dust effectively.② Removal and transportation of construction waste should be carried out in closed container. Construction waste should be stored respectively in accordance with the provisions of municipal waste classification, and removed in time.③ The vehicle used in transportation should be covered with tarpaulins.④ Measures such as building fence or watering should be used to suppress dust at the construction site.

Earthwork should be centralized kept with cover and vehicles⑤ should not be over-loaded.⑥ Entrances and exits of construction site should take measures to ensure the vehicles keeping clean. Soil attached in the surface of vehicles should be moved off before exiting construction site. ⑦ Construction sites should be watering and keep clean timely.⑧ Any burning of wastes is prohibited.

.NoiseⅡ

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In different stages of the construction, various noise sources should cause different impacts on the quality of acoustic environment. Measures should be taken appropriately to reduce the impacts to a minimum level.① The advanced and reliable low-noise equipment should be selected.② Construction time should be set from 8:00 am to 20:00 pm. In the lunch break period, i.e. 12:00 ~ 14:00, construction activities should be prohibited. In principle, construction at night is forbidden, the necessary night construction should be certified by the administrative departments of construction, approved by the administrative department of environmental protection, and announced to residents.③ For noisy machinery and equipment, damping basis or damping bearings should be set or be surrounded by damping material.④ Reasonable personnel arrangements should be taken, operating time of the noisy machinery operators should be reduced and earmuffs should be equipped to construction workers. ⑤ Regular and effective maintenance should be taken to keep equipments in good condition for the purpose of reducing noise and extending the service life of machine.⑥ Managements of machinery and operator and operating procedures in construction should be paid enough attention to.

.Waste WaterⅢ① Waste water of vehicle washing, building materials washing,

42


concrete maintenance, sand washing, etc. should be collected into tanks and suspended in temporary sedimentation pond and reused.② Through strictly construction management to reduce the waste water resulted from improper use of machines, and temporary drainage system, as well as water and soil conservation measures to prevent the negative impacts of soil erosion caused by piling up spoil on the water environment.③ Construction unit should take measures on treatment of wastewater.④ Laboratory wastewater should be treated through the sector with professional design to the standard level before discharging to the receiving water body.⑤ Stuff should be trained on environmental protection and waste treatment knowledge to enhance their environmental protection awareness and ensure the correct treatment of wastes..

.Solid wasteⅣIn accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations, solid wastes, like construction waste, spoil (slag) and garbage should be properly collected and treated.① Construction waste should be recycled and reused comprehensively in other secondary construction like road construction. The surplus should be centralized and treated in time.② Transportation of construction waste should be carried out in closed container and treated in time.③ Water spraying should be done before shipments of

43


construction waste④ Garbage should be collected in trash bag and sent to waste disposal facilities⑤ Toxic and hazardous substances should be treated in accordance with the provisions of laws, burning of these substances is forbidden.⑥ Irrigation canals should designed reasonably and reduce effects on local residents.


Fire

(1) Construct fire break belt and forest path strictly according to the regulations. The chief fire break belt is required with a length of 20m, and the associate fire break belt of 15m. Schima and bayberry can be selected as firebreak tree species with planting space of 2x2m.(2) Efficiently protect forest and control fires by making full use of the existing forest fire prevention agencies, strengthening the publicity, and realizing the forest fire prevention mechanism.(3) Each afforestation entity must work out the forest protection and fire prevention plan as well as the regulation on forest fire prevention for local villages, and define fire prevention responsible area. The enough forest rangers should be arranged to match each afforestation area, and work regarding fire prevention should be reported to the PMO and forest fire prevention organizations in time.

County forestry bureau, township forestry station, village committee, project entities and project farmers

PPMO, CPMO


Frost damage Mainly through selection of afforestation species or varieties with strong resistance of cold. If necessary, using the trunk painted white, fumigation and other methods to prevent or mitigate the harm caused by cold temperatures.

Provincial and county level forestry survey and

PPMO, CPMO

44


design units, project entities and project farmers


Drought

Minimizing the risk of drought by selection of drought-resistant species and extension of drought resistant cultivation techniques in the project afforestation..

Provincial and county level forestry survey and design units, project entities and project farmers

PPMO, CPMO


Plant diseases and insect pests

Realizing the efficiently prevention and control of forest pests/diseases by applying the advanced concept and methods of IPM in guiding project pests/diseases prevention, making use of sound pests/diseases monitoring network at national and local level, extending physical and biological control measures, strictly using high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides for chemical control, etc.

Provincial and county level FPCQS, project entities and project farmers

PPMO, CPMO

45

6. Public Participatory Mechanism and Public Consultation Results

According to requirements of relevant EIA laws and regulations of the World Bank

and PRC, a specific chapter of public participation is made in EIA to ensure the public

right of knowing and decision-making, to find out the public opinions and suggestions

of project implementation, and to strengthen the degree of public participatory in

project construction, so that the project designers can take full account of the views of

the public in the project decision-making stage so as to make a more perfect and

reasonable project design. Meanwhile, take consideration of public opinions in

environmental decision-making of project construction is beneficial to improve the

quality of EIA, and ensure the transparency and credibility of evaluation and decision.6.1 Public consultation by EIA team and its results6.1.1 Methods and scope of survey6.1.1.1 MethodsMethods of public participatory approach, including posters, advertisement, meeting of villagers, group or individual interviews, consultation seminars and questionnaire tables have been applied in the survey, meanwhile some farmer households have been visited to get an in-depth understanding with the status of their forest land, use of pesticides and fertilizers, status of living condition, as well as their attitude and understanding of the project. The public participatory survey was helped by the social assessment team, who conducted in-depth social survey on the project social impacts.6.1.1.2 Time of surveyThe public participatory survey was started from Aug 13th, 2011 and completed on Nov. 10th, 2011.6.1.1.3 Scope of survey(1) Questionnaire survey on farmer households and institutionsThe survey covered 22 project counties (cities, districts). 5 project counties, i.e. Leiyang, Zixing, Rucheng, Mayang and Taoyuan were selected as example counties for detailed survey to visit the local farmers and have consultation with them. The Participation questionnaire tables were provided to the target people of various levels in project areas. Totally 500 copies of questionnaires were provided and received from the target people, including cadres, technicians, and farmers.The survey was also conducted on relevant institutions, 5 representative institutions were selected to provide questionnaire tables in each of the 22 project counties, and totally 110 copies of questionnaires were provided and received.(2) Consultation with expertExperts from Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, and Central South University were hired to form an advisory panel to EIA, who had provided consulting service during the EMP preparation.


6.1.1.4 Publicity of EIA informationIn the project EIA, the construction units made the public know about the EIA information, which mainly include:a. Name and components of project;b. Name and contact information of project construction unit;c. Name and contact information of EIA agency;d. Procedures and the main scope of work of EIA;e. The main issues for public comment;f. The main way for the public to submit their comments and suggestions.After the preparation of EIA report, EIA agency will make public of the relevant information, which include the basic situation of the proposed project, potential environmental impacts, prevention or mitigation measures of environmental impact, and preliminary conclusions of environmental impact analysis, and request the public to give commons and suggestions in writing or other forms.

6.1.2 Public consultation results6.1.2.1 Results from Questionnaire surveyThe survey result of public participation showed that, all target group in the project areas support the project construction, who believe that the project construction will promote the development of regional economy and improve the local ecological environment.6.1.2.2 Expert commentsAn expert consultation meeting was held during the survey. The main comments of expert were selected and shown as follows:(1) The project construction should be incorporated into the forestry development plan in Hunan. Making use of loan of World Bank for afforestation has positive effect to ecological construction in Hunan, and it is necessary to strengthen environmental management to reduce the negative impacts on environmental to a minimum level.(2) The project afforestation should focus on the combination of multiple tree species and forest functions, pay attention to biodiversity protection, give full play to the ecological protective effect.(3) Making the clear definition of the project areas and the natural ecological protection areas, any project construction is forbidden in the natural protection areas.(4) The project activities should avoid the destruction of the surface vegetation, decline of biodiversity, pollution of fertilizer and pesticide as well as water and soil loss, so that feasible and practical environmental protection measures should be put forward to reduce the negative environmental impacts cause by project construction to a minimum level.(5) Decreasing the density afforestation, and promoting forest vegetation recovery and growth.

6.1.3 Public suggestionsThe public participants in the survey also put forward the following suggestions (see table 6-1).

Table 6-1 Public suggestions

47


About environmental protection measures About the project construction(1) Managing forest according to law, strengthening the forest protection and management, solving problems immediately whenever them came out (2) Strengthening the popularization of environmental protection concepts and measures(3) Using limited pesticides of toxin, and extending environmental friendly fertilizers.

(1) Strengthening management, and rensuing the funds available on time(2) Strengthening the technical training for farmers and supporting economic development of villagers.(3) Paying reasonable attention to all aspects related to the project

6.1.4 Conclusions of public consultation in EIAThe above findings indicate that the public shows a significant interest in the Project, and willing to participate in the project construction. Every interviewer supports the project construction with acknowledge of the project is necessary for it is beneficial to regional ecological environment improvement, optimization of forest quality, increase of forest resistance, improvement of forest water conservation capacity, promotion of the regional economic development and increase of farmers' income. Residents in project areas hope to get technical support, training, and employment opportunities; they also hope the support dynamics can be strengthen by enlarging the planting area, increasing loan limits, providing advance payments, and increasing the counterpart funds. Most interviewers hope the project will be carried out as soon as possible. According to public consultant information, project proposed corresponding measures to address the needs, which have been included in the project design.6.1.4.1 Corresponding measures to expert comments.

（1）The project has been included into “12th five year” development plan of Hunan

forestry as a very important project.

（2）The project selected at least 41 tree species, especially emphasis on high quality

indigenous species, strictly controlling of planting same species in large proportion and in concentrated large scale, added some economic tree species in proper way.

（3）As one of the project site selection criteria is that the project would be out of, as

well as not nearby natural and cultural heritage protection zone. Base on the review on site selection process, all the sites have been selected according to this criteria.

（4）Project emphasize on environmental protection measures, the relevant measures

to prevent or mitigate any damage of native vegetation, biodiversity during process of site preparation and fertilization as well as avoid the pollution of pesticide and chemical fertilizer, and avoid soil and water loss have been included in the Environmental Protect Guidelines and technical design.

（5）In order to promote natural regeneration, the planting density has been reduced

from original 166 plants/mu in conifer forest and 133 plants/mu in broadleaf forest to 111 plants/mu and 74 plants/mu respectively to promote the undergrowth.

48


6.1.4.2 Corresponding measures to public comments

（1）On environmental protection measures. Project encourage and promote the III

or U class pesticide specified by WHO while applying chemical pesticide, only aim at specific injurious insect, harmful less to non-target organisms. It is prohibited to use I class pesticide specified by WHO; establish/enhance forest protection and fire prevention institutional arrangements, to strength the capacity of forest fire prevention team, as well as incorporating the fire prevention measures to the reforestation technical design

（2）On project implementation. Project has arranged adequate counterpart fund and

request it to be allocated on a timely basis; training programs and technical services have been designed. The training to forest farmers and other beneficiaries on forestation technique and forest management reaches 26,400 person/day, on-site planting field training reaches 58,860 person/day. Details measures to address the potential environmental negative impacts have been elaborated in Table 5-1 and Table 5-2. 6.2 Public consultation by social assessment team and its results (see details in the Social Assessment Report)6.2.1 Methods and scope of surveyThe social assessment team went to 10 project counties in Changsha, Huaihua, Xiangxi autonomous prefecture, Yongzhou, Chenzhou, Yueyang, etc to conduct the field survey for social assessment on HFRDP from July 25 to August 30, 2011. Meanwhile, the SA team also collected the second-hand baseline data from 22 project counties (city, district). The participatory method was used in the process of social assessment Information was collected by means of information publicity and public consultation, etc. The SA team adopted a participatory impact assessment methodology and tools including village meeting, semi-structured interviews, stakeholders' interviews, village resources research, resource mapping, participatory scoring and ranking, matrix analysis of project’s impact, etc. to ensure that different interest groups and different types of farmers could actively participate in project consultations on tasks and impacts. In the project areas, the propaganda was carried out by means of leaflets, public announcements, meetings at all levels, etc. to the relevant governmental agencies, villages and farmers to let more people know the purpose, aim, components and operation procedures of the project, so as to ensure the smooth implementation of the project.Suggestions regarding project construction provided by project farmers and communities in the public consultation of the social assessment report were fully considered and adopted in the project design, so that the worries of project farmer could be eliminated by the reasonable design of the project. For example, species of economic trees were increased in the afforestation model design in order to decrease the economic loss of project farmers in the early time of project. And the support dynamics of training to forest farmers and technology training is also enhanced.In a word, the suggestions of the public have been fully taken into consideration in the

49


project design. So that the significant increase of ecology, society and economy benefits result from the project can be ensured.

6.2.2 Public consultation resultsSA team believes that the social effects of the HFRDP are mainly reflected in:(1) The project will have a great impact on improvements of regional ecological conditions in the drainage areas of Xiangjiang River and Yuanshui River. (2) The project will drive regional economic development. (3) The project will also promote institutional capacity building of forestry management institutes. (4) The project will promote the development of the minority communities. (5) The project will improve the living environment and quality of rural poor population.By means of field survey and second-hand data, the SA Team considered the following potential social risks for the project.(1) Discrepancy between the ecological target of the project and the economic pursuits of farmers. 2) Discrepancy between project objectives and the lifestyle of local residents. (3) The social advantaged groups might be marginalized. (4) Unsuitable tree species might be selected. (5) The post-project management. Regarding the social risks discussed above, SA team proposed some recommendations as below:(1) To enhance trainings relative to project implementation. (2) To strengthen the cooperation among different line agencies. (3) To increase the project investment. (4) To develop under-forest cultivation and livestock breeding. (5) To plant some trees with both economic and ecological values. (6) To formulate and implement preferential policies for vulnerable groups. (7) To fully consider the development of poor ethnic minorities. (8) To construct post-project management system. 6.3 Participatory consultation and planning and its results (see details in the Participatory Consultation and Planning Summary Report)The participatory consultation and planning activities were conducted according to the project “Manual for Consultation and Participatory Planning” (hereafter as Manual) in the project design stage. According to the requirement of the Manual, scope of the public consultation was determined, which contains 1147 administrative villages of 230 townships of 22 counties of 10 project prefectures. The public consultation was hold by way of organizing consultation teams, conducting training at all levels, mobilizing the public, consulting extensively with related persons, inviting farmers to apply for project and encouraging women to participate in the project. Forestry technicians from 230 townships or forest farms of 22 project counties input for more than 2500 person-times to offer guidance of participatory consultation. Over 1,535 times of villager meetings of project villages were convened. Besides, over 81,000 leaflets, over 2,020 banners and 18,700 posters were used for promote the public consultation. As a result, more than 42,000 persons of 23,200 farmer households attended the consultation meetings. Based on the comprehensive mobilization and participatory consultation, as well as the respection of the willing of project participated entities, the Agreements for Project Participation were signed by the project forestry communities, farmer households and village

50


committee members to make clear of the rights and obligations of both parties, as well as ensure the smooth and orderly operation of project. The consultation teams of the county and township levels have summarized and sum up the results about the participatory consultations: the consultation teams of project counties has received totally 8,922 voluntary application forms which involves 18,613 farmer households, including: (1) 39 village collective applicants, which involve 12,531 farmer households; (2) 204 forest cooperatives submitted the applications, which involve 4,085 farmers households; (3) 8,219 households that directly participated in the project management; (4) 29 state-owned forest farms or forest research institutes that applied, which involve 1,624 households for management townships and villages. According to the applications that submitted by farmer households (or collective organizations), the county consultation team went to the field to verify the land with technicians of local forest stations. When the forest land did not accord with the project requirements, it would be eliminated or re-selected by communicating and exchanging with concerned applicants. After the verification of project land, letters of intention would be signed with the applicants. In total, 8,854 letters of intention were signed, in which 39 of them were village collectives’; 204 of them are forestry cooperatives’; 8151 of them were households’/partnerships’; 29 of them were state-owned parts. Through consultation and verification by county and township consultation teams, the project land area is in total 58,860 hectares, including 9,921 hectares of state-owned land, 8,844 hectares of village collective land, 13,074.6 hectares of land from forest cooperative, and 27,020.4 hectares of land from farmer households/united households.The Final EMP, including EPG and PMP, as well as SA report, EMDP and Participtoring Planning Manual have been publicized on http://www.hnforestry.gov.cn, Hunan Provincial PMO, 22 project county PMOs and county labtories on April 20th, 2012.

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http://www.hnforestry.gov.cn/

7. Environmental Management Scheme and Technical Measures7.1 Development and execution of EPGIn order to apply the mitigation measures of negative environmental impacts and risk prevention measures indicated in Chapter 5 in the process of project design, construction and maintenance of project forests, enhance the ecological environment benefits during the project implementation, and minimize or eliminate the potential negative impacts on natural environment caused by project activities, a detailed EPG regarding main links of project implementation, including the sites selection for reforestation or rehabilitation, tree species (variety) selection and distribution, site slashing/preparation, forest tending management, pests/diseases control, fire management, timber felling/yarding, forest path construction, etc. is prepared and will be executed in the project design and construction, so as to ensure the overall achievement of expected ecological and environmental benefits of the project.

Refer to Annex 1 of “Environmental Protection Guidelines”

7.2 Development and execution of PMP

In order to make the full execution of mitigation measures of chemical pesticide

pollution and risk prevention measures of pests/diseases put forward in Chapter 5, the

PMP has been developed for HFRDP according to the national policy of “prevention

first, scientific control, treatment by law and health promotion" and related

requirement of World Bank. The PMP makes detailed stipulations regarding existing

laws and regulations on pests management in China, pests management capacity of

Hunan province, present situation of pest occurrence and control in the project areas,

principle and objective of prevention and control, monitoring and forecasting, types of

pests/diseases of major tree species and the control measures, safety pesticide

recommended and use methods, implementation organization and management of pest

control, as well as training of the technical and management staff at all levels and

project beneficiaries. The PMP by execution of the definite stipulations in project

implementation will promote the application of physical and biological methods of

prevention and control, decrease the reliance of chemical methods, for ecological

chemical pesticide management and avoiding of environmental pollution.

Refer to Annex 2 of “Pest Management Plan”7.3 Reporting procedure in case cultural relics were foundIn accordance with the “Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" (2007,12,29), the construction units would be paused and reported to the local Bureau of Cultural Relics in the case of founding of suspected cultural relics. And


construction would be restarted with the consent of the Bureau of Cultural Relics. Cultural relics reporting procedures are shown in Figure 7-1.

Figure 7-1 Reporting procedures of cultural relicsAccording to Figure 7-1, in case the suspected cultural relics are found during the project construction operation, the following actions should be taken strictly:⑴ Construction should be paused and the spot should be maintained the status quo.⑵ Construction unit should report to the CPMO.⑶ CPMO should report to the local Bureau of Cultural Relics and PPMO.⑷ County Bureau of Cultural Relic should send professional team to identify and judge whether they are cultural relics. In case of non-relics, construction could restart. In the opposite case, it should be reported to the Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relic .⑸ Degree of the relics should be judged by the Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relic. High degree relics should be reported to the State Cultural Relics Administration. After the appropriate protection treatment and with consent of the State Cultural Relics Administration, construction could be restarted.7.4 Consistency analysis with World Bank forestry policy (OP 4.36)This project is the ecological reforestation and forest rehabilitation projects. Project sites are selected in the ecological plantation. The project afforestation will use multiple tree species instead of single tree species used in previous projects to increase the biodiversity of forest in project areas. All afforestation tree species should be mainly selected from the native tree species and avoid new exotic species and invasive species. Afforestation and forest management activities are allowed under the

53

founding of suspected cultural relics

CPMO Pause of construction and mantaining of the spot

County Bureau of Cultural Relics

PPMOReport to the county Bureau of Cultural Relics and CPMO

Identifying and judgement in 24 hours

in situ conservation Provincical Bureau of Cultural Relics

CPMORelics Judgement of degree

of relicsNon-relics

State Cultural Relics Administration

Dicision ofprotection treatment

Rescue excavation

Admitted as cultural relics area.

Demonstration of area-reselecting

Rescue excavation

Admitted as cultural relics area.

Demonstration of area-reselecting

Reply and judgement in 15 days Restart

with consent

Restart with consent

Province or national degree relics County degree relicsNotice

Report to CPMO


project only for purposes of increasing ecologic benefits of forest and felling for commercial purpose is forbidden. This project will be conducted in a wide area, and afforestation and management activities will be mainly depended on communities and farmer households. By consultation with communities and project farmers, this project could assure that communities and farmers participate voluntarily in afforestation and forest management. In conclusion, this project would be in compliance with the forestry policies of the World Bank (OP.4.36).

54


8 Environmental Management Agencies and Supervision Mechanism8.1 Environmental management agencies and responsibilities

The EMP willl be implemented as an important part of the Project. Under the

guidance of the World Bank experts, PPMO and CPMOs should designate persons to

be responsible for the project's environmental management work. Under the

leadership of PPMO, experts in the fields of forestry, ecological, environmental

protection, pest control are hired to form a “project environmental management expert

support group”, to offer technical supporting service for environmental management

training and the environmental monitoring work of the project.PPMO will prepare the EPG and PMP for the project, as well as give guidance and training to CMPOs for their serious execution in the project implementation. Each CPMO, in course of the project participatory design, will propagate and publicize the measures and environmental management requirements of the project. And in the contracts with the project entities or households, there will be clear terms regarding strict conduction of EPG. Each CPMO will organize project entities and households representative for training and on-site consultancy, to let them gave practical grip of the related technical knowledge such as the measures of environmental protection, plant pests/diseases prevention and control, so as to materialize the project environmental management into implementation operations. The relationship of project environmental management agencies is shown in Figure 8-1:

Figure 8-1 Relationship of environmental management agencies8.2 Supervision and inspection mechanismProject environmental management inspection and supervision work will go through the following mechanisms:

55

World Bank experts and Project Lead group

PPMO Project environmental management expert support group

CPMO

Project entities and Farmer

Township forestry station, forest farms

Operational design unit


(1) The internal supervision and inspectionPPMO is responsible for inspection and supervision of environmental management in each project county. Through on-site inspection as well as review of project design and project implementation progress report, to monitor and evaluate the environmental management quality and outcomes of each project county, thus to identify and help to solve the difficulties and problems existed in project implementation.Each CPMO will take whether the project entities or the farmers strict executed mesures of EPG and PMP in project implementation as one part of a project implementation quality checking index, and incorporated it into the county and township (forest farm) levels of project quality inspection and acceptance system. At the same time, the CPMO will in every half-year and annual project progress report, special report on the environmental management work. CPMO will summarize the environmental monitoring results and report to the PPMO in every monitoring year. In addition, CPMO should also frequently visit and supervise the project construction site to help the project entities and farmers to resolve the problems and difficulties arise in project construction and operation.(2) The external supervision and inspectionBased on the management needs, the World Bank experts and provincial Environmental Protection Department will carry out supervision and inspections on the project preparation work and design documents, management and technical regulations, as well as project progress reports at any time. These departments also will carry out examination and assessment of project environmental management work for identifying the problems and providing suggestions for improvement.Environmental Protection Bureau of each project county will inspect and supervise the project preparation work, design documents, management and technical regulations and project progress report at any time according to need, at the same time. They also will conduct on-site inspection and supervision to identify problems and provide suggestions for improvement in the project implementation. Project supervision organization relationship diagram is shown in Figure 8-2:

56

PPMO

CPMO

Project entitiesand Farmers

World Bank experts and relevant divisions of the provincial environmental

protection department

Internal project supervision and inspection

External project supervision and inspection

Relevant divisions of county environmental protection bureau


Figure 8-2 Relationship of environmental management supervision and inspection agencies

57


9. Environmental Monitoring Plan9.1 Monitoring contents and indicatorsAiming at the reforestation and rehabilitation of damaged forest land, monitoring activities will be carried out to find out the effects of project afforestation in soil and water conservation, increase of plant diversity and vegetation coverage, the dynamic change of the pests/diseases occurrence and damage degree, as well as the absorption of heavy metal in plants. Monitoring content and indicators are as follows:(1) Monitoring of soil erosion and water conservation

Soil erosion Surface runoff

(2) Monitoring of occurrence and damage degree of pests/diseases The species of pests insects and diseases Occurrence and damage degree

(3) Monitoring of vegetation coverage and plant diversity The species, number and canopy density of arbor The species and coverage of shrub The species and coverage of herbs

(4) Monitoring of heavy metal absorption in plants To monitor the heavy metal content in soil and plant leaf for reflecting the

improvement project region environment quality the situation.9.2 Types and distribution of monitoring sitesThe environmental monitoring sites should be set up on different afforestation technical models of project forests in the respective project sites. For soil erosion and water conservation monitoring, the monitoring sties will be selected in Zixing city and Leiyang city at M1 and M4. For pests/diseases monitoring as well as plant diversity monitoring, 1 monitoring site of each of the 8 Afforestation technical models will be set up in 8 representative counties with one in each. For the monitoring of heavy metal absorption in plants, 1 monitoring site will be set up in Ningxiang county at M1. It is required to set up fixed monitoring sites in the representative areas to carry out the positioning monitoring on the above-mentioned environmental indicators.

58

Types and distributions of specific monitoring sites are shown in table 9-1, table 9-2, table 9-3 and table 9-4.

Table 9-1 Types and distributions of soil erosion and water conservation monitoring sitesMonitoring indicators

Technical model

Monitoring frequencyProject County

Number of Monitoring sites

Executing Agency

Supervision agency

Soil erosion and surface runoff

M1 The 1st, 3rd, 5th year Zixing 1Certificated institutes

PPMOCPMO

M4 The 1st, 3rd, 5th year Leiyang 1M1 The 1st, 3rd, 5th year Luxi 1M2 The 1st, 3rd, 5th year Xinshao 1

Note: M1: conifers + general hardwood; M2: conifers + precious hardwood; M4: general hardwood tree fostering

Table 9-2 Types and distributions of occurrence and damage degree of pests/diseases monitoring sites

Project CountyTechnical model

Monitoring indicatorsNumber of Monitoring sites

MonitoringFrequency (times/year)

Executing Agency

Supervision agency

Pingjiang M1 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 2

Certificated institutes and county FPCQS

PPMOCPMO

Zixing M2 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 3Mayang M3 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 2Changning M4 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 3Guiyang M5 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 3Yuanling M6 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 2Ningxiang M7 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 2Leiyang M8 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pests 2 3Note: M1: conifers + general hardwood; M2: conifers + precious hardwood; M3: precious tree fostering; M4: general hardwood tree fostering;

M5: conifers + general hardwood mingled forest; M6: conifers + precious mingled forest; M7: bamboo + hardwood mingled forest; M8: promoting natural regeneration artificially


Table9-3 Types and distributions of vegetation coverage and plant diversity monitoring sitesMonitoring contents

Technical model

Monitoring frequency Project CountyNumber of Monitoring sites

Executio AgencySupervision agency

Vegetation coverage and plant diversity

M1 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Pingjiang 1

Certificated institutes

PPMOCPMO

M2 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Zixing 1M3 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Mayang 1M4 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Changning 1M5 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Guiyang 1M6 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Dingcheng 1M7 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Ningxiang 1M8 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Leiyang 1

Note: M1: conifers + general hardwood; M2: conifers + precious hardwood; M3: precious tree fostering; M4: general hardwood tree fostering; M5: conifers + general hardwood mingled forest; M6: conifers + precious mingled forest; M7: bamboo + hardwood mingled forest; M8: promoting natural regeneration artificially

Table 9-4 Type and distribution of monitoring site of heavy metal absorption in plantsMonitoring Indicators

Technical model


Executing AgencySupervision agency

The heavy metal content in plant

M1 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Ningxiang 1Certificated institutes

PPMOCPMO

Note: M1: conifers + general hardwood;

60

9.3 Monitoring methodsAccording to the requirements of environmental monitoring aspects, the soil erosion and water conservation monitoring will be conducted in the 1st, 3rd, and 5th year; the pests/diseases monitoring will be conducted 2-3 times in each year; and the monitoring of vegetation coverage and plant diversity will be conducted once a year in the 1st, 3rd, and 5th year.(1) Method of soil erosion and water conservation monitoringIn each of the soil erosion and water conservation monitoring sites, 3 runoff plots (runoff field) will be established in the selected area with leveling slope and representative site condition. Among them, 2 runoff plots are set up in the project forest, which used as the repeated plots; another 1 runoff plots is set up in the non-project site, which used as the control plot. The structure of each plot, including the boundary wall, water catchments channel, water stream channel, water collection tank, drainage ditch built in the margin of the runoff plot, and the protective belt arranged on both sides of the runoff areas, is designed and constructed according to the unified standards. Monitoring contents include the rainfall, duration of rainfall, rainfall intensity, amount of surface runoff and soil loss, etc. The monitoring should be conducted after raining in the monitoring year.(2) pests/diseases monitoring methodThe fixed monitoring plots will be set up in the project reforestation and rehabilitation forests. Totally 20-30 trees will be selected and marked as the standard trees.. The monitoring on pests/diseases occurrence and damage degree will be conducted on the standard trees for 2~3 times in the pests high-risk seasons each year. Meanwhile, the measures and frequency of pest control will also be recorded.(3) Monitoring methods of vegetation coverage and plant diversityIn the representative areas and stands, three fixed monitoring sample plots are set up at the upper, middle and down part of the slope in project forests and non-project sites nearby respectively, with area of 30×30 m2 each. The following measurement should be conducted on the arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant in the sample plots in July or August in the monitoring year.

1) For arbors: name of species, number of trees ≥1m and ＜1m, and canopy density of

trees will be measured for all tress in the fixed sample plots.2) For shrubs: 5 sample plots with area of 5×5 m2 each in the four corners and centre of fixed sample plots for the measurement of the species and coverage of shrub.3): For herbs: 1 sample plot with area of 2×2 m2 will be set up in the corner of each of the 5 shrub sample plots for the measurement of the species and coverage of herb plants.(4) Monitoring of heavy metal absorption in plantsIn project forests with M1 at the site nearby urban area, the sample leaves in same-aged-group of each native tree species and soil samples in the forests will be collected within the continuous forest areas of 500×500 m2 in May to July. The contents of heavy metals like lead, cadmium, copper, etc. in the sample leaves and soil will be determined by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.


9.4 Organization and implementation of monitoringPPMO is responsible for organizing the implementation of the environmental monitoring plan, hiring certificated institutions to undertake the monitoring tasks of soil erosion and water conservation, vegetation coverage and plant diversity and absorption of heavy metal in plant, organizing the certificated institutions, under the assistant of county FPCQS to carry out monitoring of pests/diseases occurrence and damage degree .9.5 Report systemAt the end of each monitoring year, each environmental monitoring unit should seriously organize the summary, analysis and report work of monitoring results and data, and submit the summarize and evaluation results to PPMO as one part of the Project Implementation Progress Report in the monitoring year, which eventually form the Overall Project Implementation Progress Report submitted to the World Bank.9.6 Fund budgetIn order to ensure the smooth implementation of the environmental monitoring plan, the budget for monitoring activities was made according to the monitoring tasks to be fulfilled. According to the estimation, the total budget is RMB 4 million Yuan, which will come from the counterpart fund of prefecture and county level.

62

The detailed budget for each of the monitoring contents is shown in Table 9-5, Table 9-6, Table 9-7 and Table 9-8.Table 9-5 Budget for soil erosion and water conservation monitoring

Monitoring indicatorsTechnical model


Unit price( ￥10,000)

Total( ￥10,000)

Note

Soil erosion and surface runoff

M1 In the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Zixing 1 16 48 The 1st Year will cost ￥ 300,000 for each of the monitoring sites

M4 In the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Leiyang 1 16 48M1 In the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Luxi 1 16 48M2 In the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Xinshao 1 16 48

In total 4 192

Note: M1: conifers + general hardwood; M2: conifers + precious hardwood; M4: general hardwood tree fostering;

.Table9-6 Budget for pests/diseases occurrence and damage degree monitoring

Project County

Technical model

Monitoring indicatorsNumber of Monitoring sites

MonitoringFrequency (times/year)


Total( ￥10,000)

PingjiangM1 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of

pests2 2

0.8 4.0

ZixingM2 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of

pests2 3

1.2 6.0

MayangM3 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of

pests2 2

0.8 4.0

ChangningM4 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of

pests2 3

1.2 6.0

GuiyangM5 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of

pests2 3

1.2 6.0

YuanlingM6 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of

pests2 2

0.8 4.0


NingxiangM7 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of

pests2 2

0.8 4.0

LeiyangM8 Species, occurrence, and damage degree of

pests2 3

1.2 6.0

Pingjiang 16 40.0Note: M1: conifers + general hardwood; M2: conifers + precious hardwood; M3: precious tree fostering; M4: general hardwood tree fostering;

M5: conifers + general hardwood mingled forest; M6: conifers + precious mingled forest; M7: bamboo + hardwood mingled forest; M8: promoting natural regeneration artificially

Table9-7 Budget for Vegetation coverage and plant diversity monitoring

Monitoring contents

Technical model Monitoring frequencyProject County

Number of Monitoring sites


Total( ￥10,000)


M1 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Pingjiang 1 5 15M2 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Zixing 1 5 15M3 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Mayang 1 5 15M4 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Changning 1 5 15M5 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Guiyang 1 5 15M6 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Dingcheng 1 5 15M7 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Ningxiang 1 5 15M8 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Leiyang 1 5 15

In total 8 120


Table9-8 Budget for monitoring of absorption of heavy metal in plants

64


Monitoring IndicatorTechnical model


Unit price

( ￥10,000)

Total( ￥10,000)

Content of heavy metal in plant M1 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year Ningxiang 1 16 48

Total 48

Note: M1: conifers + general hardwood

65


9.7 Summary table of annual work planTable9-9 Summary table of annual work plan

Unit: ￥10,000

Monitoring contents Monitoring indicatorsTechnical model

Monitoring frequencyProject County

Annual budget

TotalBudget

Executing agency

Supervision agency

Soil erosion and water conservation

Rainfall, duration of rainfall, rainfall intensity; amount of surface runoff and soil loss.

M1 The 1st, 3rd, 5th year Zixing 16 48Certificated institutions

PPMOM4 The 1st, 3rd, 5th year Leiyang 16 48M1 The 1st, 3rd, 5th year Luxi 16 48M2 The 1st, 3rd, 5th year Xinshao 16 48

Pests/diseases occurrence and damage degree

Species, occurrence, and damage degree of pest insects and diseases

M1 2times/yearpingjiang

0.8 4.0

Provincial and county level FPCQS

PPMO

M2 2 times/year zixing 1.2 6.0M3 3 times/year mayang 0.8 4.0

M4 2 times/yearchangning

1.2 6.0

M5 2 times/year guiyang 1.2 6.0

M6 2 times/yearyuanling

0.8 4.0

M7 2 times/yearningxiang

0.8 4.0

M8 3 times/year leiyang 1.2 6.0Vegetation coverage and Plant biodiversity

Species, number and canopy density of trees, species and coverage of shrub and herb plants

M1 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th yearpingjiang

5 15Certificated institutions

PPMO

M2 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year zixing 5 15M3 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year mayang 5 15

66


M4 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th yearchangning

5 15

M5 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year guiyang 5 15

M6 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th yearyuanling

5 15

M7 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th yearningxiang

5 15

M8 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th year leiyang 5 15

Absorption of heavy metal in plants

Content of some heavy metal element in plants and soil

M1 once a year in the 1st, 3rd, 5th yearNingxiang

16 48Certificated institutions

PPMO


67

10. Training Plan10.1 Training contentAccording to the requirement of project implementation, the training contents should include the following aspects:

(1) World Bank safeguards policies and Chinese national/ local environmental protection laws and regulations;

(2) Project environmental impacts, EPG and its implementation;

(3) PMP and its implementation;

(4) Identification prevention and control techniques of major pests/diseases in project forests;

(5) Environmental Monitoring Plan and its implementation;

(6) Pesticides procurement and safe use.

10.2 Trainees and training methodsRelated environmental management knowledge and skills will be trained to project technical and management staff at all levels and project beneficiaries (especially project household farmers), so that:(1) Make the project technical and management staff at provincial, county and township levels fully understand and grasp the national and local laws and regulations, the positive and the negative environmental impacts caused by project implementation, as well as the environmental management schemes and measures, so they can seriously and accurately execute the EPG, PMP and “Environmental Monitoring Plan” in the project.(2) Let project beneficiaries, including project entities and representative farmers to learn and master the scheme, measures and related operation techniques of EPG and PMP, so that they can carrying out the projects construction activities in strict accordance with the requirements of EPG and PMP.The environmental management training of the project will be conducted at the provincial, county and township (forest farm) levels, to ensure the achievement of the expected purpose and result.10.3 Training programme and budgetFor the smooth execution of project, training to staff at all levels should be conducted. The content, trainee, person-day and budget of training is shown in table 10-1. During the period of project implementation, the total budget for training is RMB 1.692 million Yuan.

Table 10-1 Training programme and budget

Training contentTrainer

Trainee Number of trainees

Trainingperson-times

Training person-days

Training year

Budget￥ 10,000

A Provincial level1. Environmental management and EPG, including World Bank safeguards policies and Chinese national/local environmental protection laws and regulations, positive and negative environmental impacts; EPG, organization, implementation and supervision of environmental management work, environmental monitoring plan and its implementation

PPMO Cm, Ct 60 120 240The 1st and 3rd year

9.6

2. PMP and its implementation, pesticide procurement and safe use. PPMO Cm, Ct 60 120 240The first and third year

9.6

Subtotal 240 480 19.2B. County level1. EPG and main environmental protection measures conducted in project implementation. CPMO Tt, Ft 300 300 1500 Every year 30

2. The identification, prevention, and control measures of main forest insect pests and diseases, and safe use of pesticide CPMO Tt, Ft 300 600 3000 Each year 60

Subtotal 900 4500 90C. Township (fores farm) level1. EPG and main environmental protection measures conducted in project implementation. CPMO Fm 2000 2000 10000 Every year 30

2. The identification, prevention, and control measures of main forest insect pests and diseases, and safe use of pesticide CPMO Fm 2000 2000 10000 Every year 30

Subtotal 4000 20000 60Total budget 169.2Notes: PPMO: Provincial Project Management Office; CPMO: County Project Management Office; Cm: County Project Manager; Ct: County Technician;

Tt: Township Technician; Ft: County, township forestry technician; Fm: Farmer Representatives or Village Cadre.

11. Source of Fund and BudgetThe fund for implementing EMP will not be allocated as an independent category in the total budget for project, which will be included in the budget of the training plan, monitoring and evaluation plan, and implementation management. According to the scope and load of the tasks in implementation of EMP, the total budget is RMB 6.258 million Yuan, of which 1.692 million Yuan is for training, 4.00 million Yuan is for monitoring, and 0.566 million Yuan is for management. The detailed budget is shown in Table 9-5, 9-6, 9-7, 9-8, 10-1 and 11-1.

Table 11-1 Total budget of environmental management plan

Type Explanations of expenditureBudget

(￥10,000)Subtotal

(￥10,000)

Training

Provincial level training

For training on Cm, Ct. Budget is RMB 400/ person day

19.2

169.2County level training

For training Tt, Ft. Budget is RMB 200/ person day

90

Township lever training

For training Fm. Budget is RMB 30/ person day

60

Monitoring

Soil erosion and water conservation

Set up 4 monitoring sites in 4 representative counties to conduct monitoring in the 1st, 3rd, and 5th

year.

192.0

400.0

Pests/diseases

Set up 8 monitoring sites at 8 technical models in different counties to conduct 2~3 times of monitoring in every year.

40


Set up 8 monitoring sites at 8 technical models in different counties to conduct monitoring once a year in the 1st, 3rd, and 5th

year.

120

Absorption of heavy metal in plants

Set up 1 monitoring site in Ningxiang county to conduct monitoring once a year in the 1st, 3rd, and 5th year.

48

Management

10% of the budget of the project management fee of the project construction units will be used for environmental management.

56.6

Total 625.8

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