college english book x （全新版）大学英语 x school of foreign studies 外国语学院 unit...

College English Book X

（全新版）大学英语 X

College English Book X

（全新版）大学英语 X

School of Foreign Studies 外国语学院

Unit 2Civil Rights Heroes

School of Foreign Studies 外国语学院

Unit 2Civil Rights Heroes

Unit TwoCivil Rights Heroes

Martin Luther King

Unit 2: Text A

Objectives

Background Information

Warm Up Activities

Text Organization

Language Points

Text AnalysisText Analysis

ExercisesExercises

Assignment

Objectives:

Grasp the main idea (early civil-rights struggles in the US, esGrasp the main idea (early civil-rights struggles in the US, esp. the Underground Railroad);p. the Underground Railroad);

learn to use library resources and other sources of informatiolearn to use library resources and other sources of information;n;

grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in tgrasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;he text;

conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing actconduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities to the theme of the unit.ivities to the theme of the unit.

Background InformationBackground Information

1. Knowledge of American Geography

The USA was divided after the Abolition Act ( 废除黑奴制法案 ): the Northern States supported it, while the Southern States disapproved of it.


The Southern States (marked with blue and green)

The Deep South states are marked with green.


2. Freedom and Rights2. Freedom and Rights Freedom of the individual is considered one of the essential features of western civilization, which is itself sometimes called the Free World.

This freedom is often expressed in terms of rights to do certain things or to be treated in a particular way.

In Britain and the US the most basic rights include freedom of expression, of choice and of worship.


3. The Civil Rights Movement3. The Civil Rights Movement In the US, the national campaign by African-Americans for equal rights especially in the 1950s and 1960s.

The campaign included boycotts, the actions of freedom riders, and in 1963 a march to Washington led by Martin Luther King. (addition to a government bill)

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were also introduced as a result of the civil rights movements, which has helped to change the attitudes of many white Americans.


4. The Underground Railroad4. The Underground Railroad

A secret system used in the US before the Civil War for helping thousands of slaves to escape to the free northern states or Canada.

The slaves were called “passengers”, the people who helped them were “conductors”, and the slaves hid in “stations” (safe houses) along the way.


Routes to EscapeBackground Information

5. Uncle Tom’s Cabin5. Uncle Tom’s Cabin A novel ( 1852 ) by the US writer Harriet Beecher Stowe which increased support for the movement to free slaves. It is about a kind slave called Tom who is badly treated and finally killed by Simon Legree. Tom’s daughter Little Eva also dies, and another well-known character in the novel is the slave child Topsy. The name Uncle Tom is sometimes used as an insult to describe an African-American who has too much respect for white people.


6. Christian6. Christian 1) Quaker

Any member of the Society of Friends, a religious group established in England in 1650s by George Fox. They were originally called Quakers because the members were thought to “quake” or shake with religious excitement. The Quakers worship Christ without any formal ceremony or fixed beliefs, and their meetings often involve silent thought or prayer. They are strongly opposed to violence and war, and are active in education and charity work.

2) Methodist

A member of the Methodist Church, the largest of the Protestant Free Churches in Britain and the US. It was established in 1739 by John Wesley as part of the Church of England but it became separate from it in 1795.It was introduced into the US in the 18th century and today has over 50 million members around the world. It emphasized the importance of moral issues, both personal and social.

Warm-up ActivitiesWarm-up ActivitiesWarm-up ActivitiesWarm-up Activities

Do you know Do you know

them?them?

WHO

ARE

THEY?

Group Discussion:

Talk about what you know about the four people. Are there anything related among them?

1. They are Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King, President John F. Kennedy and Bobby Kennedy, John Kennedy’s brother.

2.They stood for the civil-rights leaders, who advocated black civil-rights.

3.They were assassinated young because they fought for the civil-rights, which resulted in making many enemies.

4. The texts in this unit are going to talk about the civil-rights and its givers.

Text A The Freedom Givers

The heart is the happiest when it beats for others.

心为别人跳动时最幸福。

Text A: Structure

Structure of Text A

Text Organization

Part one (Introduction) It’s high time to honor the heroes who help liberate slaves by forging the UR in the early civil-rights struggles in American.

Part two (Giving 3 examples) By citing examples the author praises the exploits of civil-rights heroes who helped slaves travel the UR to freedom.

Paras 1-5

Paras 6-23

The Stories about The UR and The Early Black Civil-Rights Movement

Name Name

IdentificationIdentification Role in the URRole in the UR Motivation Motivation

John ParkerJohn Parker freed slavefreed slave conductorconductor

Their own Their own painful painful

experienceexperience

Levi CoffinLevi Coffin whitewhite conductorconductorReligious Religious convictionconviction

Josiah Josiah HensonHenson slaveslave passengerpassenger

To struggle for To struggle for his own freedomhis own freedom

Story One (Paras 6-10) Story One (Paras 6-10)

Story Two (Paras 11-15)Story Two (Paras 11-15)

Story Three (Para 16-23)Story Three (Para 16-23)

After winning his own freedom from slavery, John Parker helped other slaves to escape north to Canada to get freedom.

Supported by a strong religious conviction, the white man Levi Coffin helped black slaves to escape at huge risk.

By traveling the Underground Railroad, Josiah Henson reached his destination and became free at last.

Text A

The Freedom Givers

ByBy Ferqus M. Bordewich Ferqus M. Bordewich

11 A Gentle A Gentle Breeze swept the Canadian plains as I step swept the Canadian plains as I stepped outside the small two-story house. Alongside me waped outside the small two-story house. Alongside me was a s a slender woman in a black dress, my guide back to a t woman in a black dress, my guide back to a time when a surrounding settlement in Dresden, Ontariime when a surrounding settlement in Dresden, Ontario, was home to a hero in American history. As we walko, was home to a hero in American history. As we walked toward a plain gray church, Barbara Carter spoke ped toward a plain gray church, Barbara Carter spoke proudly of herroudly of her

great-great-grandfather, Josiah Henson. “ He was confident that the creator intended all men to be created equal. And he never gave up struggling for that freedom.

2 2 Carter’s devotion to her ancestor is about more than personal pride: it is about family honor. For Josiah Henson has lived on through the character in American fiction that he helped inspire: Uncle Tom, the long-suffering slave in Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin. IronicallyIronically, that character has come to symbolize everything Henson was not. A racial sellout unwilling to stand up for himself? Carter gets angry at the thought. “Josiah Henson was a man of principle,”

She said firmly.

Text A

3 3 I had traveled here to Henson’s last home —— now a historic site that Carter formerly directed—to learn more about a man who was, in many ways, an African-American Moses. After winning his own freedom from slavery, Henson secretly helped hundreds of other slaves to escape north to Canada—and liberty. Many settled here in Dresden with him.

4 4 Yet this stop was only part of a much larger mission for me. Josiah Henson is but one name on a long list of courageous men and women who together forged the Underground Railroad, a secret web of escape routes and safe houses that they used to liberate slaves from the American South. Between 1820 and 1860, as many as 100,000 slaves traveled the Railroad to freedom.

Text A

Question

5 5 In October 2000, President Clinton authorized $ 16 million for the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center to honor this first great civil-rights struggle in the U.S. The center is scheduled to open in 2004 in Cincinnati. And it’s about time. For the heroes of the Underground Railroad remain too little remembered, their exploits still largely unsung. I was intent on telling their stories.

6 6 John Parker tensed when he heard the soft knock. Peering out his door into the night, he recognized the face of a trusted neighbor. “There’s a party of escaped slaves hiding in the woods in Kentucky, twenty miles from the river,” the man whispered urgently. Parker didn’t hesitate. “I’ll go,” he said, pushing a pair of pistols into his pockets.

Text A

7 7 Born a slave two decades before, in the 1820s, Parker had been taken from his mother at age eight and forced to walk in chains from Virginia to Alabama, where he was sold on the slave market. Determined to live free someday, he managed to get trained in iron molding. Eventually he saved enough money working at this trade on the side to buy his freedom. Now by day, Parker worked in an iron foundry in the Ohio port of Ripley. By night he was a “conductor” on the Underground Railroad, helping people slip by the slave hunters. In Kentucky, where he was now headed, there was a $ 1000 reward for his capture, dead or alive.

8 8 Crossing the Ohio River on that Chilly night, Parker found ten fugitives frozen with fear.” Get your bundles and follow

Text A

Me.” he told them, leading the eight men and two women toward the river. They had almost reached shore when a watchman spotted them and raced off to spread the news.

9 9 Parker saw a small boat and, with a shout, pushed the escaping slaves into it. There was room for all but two. As the boat slid across the river, Parker watched helplessly as the pursuers closed in around the men he was forced to leave behind.

10 10 The others made it to the Ohio shore, where Parker hurriedly arranged for a wagon to take them to the next “station” on the Underground Railroad—the first leg of their journey to safety in Canada. Over the course of his life, John Parker guided more than 400 slaves to safety.

Text A

11 11 While black conductors were often motivated by their own painful experiences, whites were commonly driven by religious convictions. Levi Coffin, a Quaker raised in North Carolina, explained, “ The Bible, in bidding us to feed the hungry and clothe the naked, said nothing about the color.”

12 12 In the 1820s Coffin moved west to Newport (Now Fountain City), Indiana, where he opened a store. Word spread that fleeing slaves could always find refuge at the Coffin Home. At times he sheltered as many as 17 fugitives at once, and he kept a team and wagon ready to convey them on the next leg of their journey. Eventually three principal routes converged at the Coffin house, which came to be the Grand Central Terminal of the Underground Railroad.

Text A

13 13 For his efforts, Coffin received frequent death threats and warnings that his store and home would be burned. Nearly every conductor faced similar risks—or worse. In the north, a magistrate might have imposed a fine or a brief jail sentence for aiding those escaping. In the Southern states, whites were sentenced to months or even years in jail. One courageous Methodist minister, Calvin Fairbank, was imprisoned for more than 17 years in Kentucky, where he kept a log for his beatings: 35,105 stripes with the whip.

14 14 As for As for the slaves, escape meant a journey of hundreds of miles through unknown country, where there were usually easy to recognize. With no road signs and few maps, they had to put their trust in directions passed by word of mouth and in secret

Text A

Signs—nails driven into trees, for example—that conductors used to mark the route north.

15 15 Many slaves traveled under cover of night, their faces sometimes caked with white powder. Quakers often dressed their “passengers”, both make and female, in gray dresses, deep bonnets and full veils. On one occasion, Levi Coffin was transporting so many runaway slaves that he disguised them as a funeral procession.

16 16 Canada was the primary destination for many fugitives. Slavery had been abolished there in 1833, and Canadian authorities encouraged the runaways to settle their vast virgin land. Among them was Josiah Henson.

Text A

17 17 As a boy in Maryland, Henson watched as his entire family was sold to different buyers, and he saw his mother harshly beaten when she tried to keep him with her. Making the best of his lot, Henson worked diligently and rose far in his owner’s regard.

18 18 Money problems eventually compelled his master to send Henson, his wife and children to a brother in Kentucky. After laboring there for several years, Henson heard alarming news: the new master was planning to sell him for plantation work far away in the Deep South. The slave would be separated forever from his family.

19 19 There was only one answer: flight.” I knew the North Star,” Henson wrote years later.” Like the star of Bethlehem,

Text A

it announced where my salvation lay.” 20 20 At huge risk, Henson and his wife set off with their fou

r children. Two weeks later, starving and exhausted, the family reached Cincinnati, where they made contact with members of the Underground Railroad.” Carefully they provided for our welfare, and then they set us thirty miles on our way by wagon.”

21 21 The Hensons continued north, arriving at last in Buffalo, N.Y. There a friendly captain pointed across the Niagara River. ‘“ Do you see those trees? ’ he said. ‘ They grow on free soil. ’” He gave Henson a dollar and arranged for a boat, which carried the slave and his family across the river to Canada.

22 22 “ I threw myself on the ground, rolled in the sand and danced around, till in the eyes of several who were present, I

Text A

passed for a madman. ‘ He’s some crazy fellow’, said a Colonel Warren.”

23 23 “‘ Oh, no! Don’t you know? I’m free! ’”

Text A

Language Points

1. breeze: n. a gentle wind

e.g. A gentle breeze blew over the garden.

凉爽清新的微风 a cool, refreshing breeze

比较： gust, gale, hurricane, tornado

gust: a strong, abrupt rush of wind

gale: a very strong wind

hurricane: a severe tropical cyclone, usu. Involving heavy rains

tornado: a rotating column of air

2. slender: (of people) slim; not very wide but comparatively long or highe.g. Although her face was quite plain, she had long, slender expressive hands, like a concert pianist.King crabs have long, slender legs, with a span over 1 meter (3 feet).Slender fingers a slender income a slender waist slender hopes a woman with a slender figure

3. ironically - it seems ironic (that)

Examples: The widespread use of antibiotics （抗生素） seems to be causing a lot of unexpected health problems. 具有讽刺意味的是 , 常常是穷人付出最多 . Ironically it is often the poorer people who give the most.

4. racial - relating to a person's race, or to different races of people

Examples: Slavery is closely associated with racial prejudice, the belief that

one race is superior to another.种族歧视Racial discrimination

5. stand up for: speak, work, etc. in favor of sb./ sth.; support sb./sth

e.g. Don’t be afraid to stand up for your rights.

我所有的朋友都会支持我。 All my friends will stand up for me.

stand up to: 勇敢地面对；经得起e.g. A soldier must stand up to the danger.

士兵必须敢于面对危险。你的论点根本经不起仔细检查。Your argument just won’t stand up to close scrutiny.

6. site: n. place where a building , town, etc. was, is, or will be situated.

e.g. The site for the new factory has not been decided.

一所新的学校占据了工厂的旧址A new school occupies the site of the old factory.

Collocation:

a historic site 历史古迹 construction sites 建筑工地 a battlefield site 战场的遗址

7. mission - particular task or duty undertaken by an individual or a group

Examples:

Some delegates were immediately sent to Israel. Their mission was to negotiate a ceasefire.

The five young people have been on a mission to help the Cambodians.

8. forge: v. 1). create by means of much hard workTheir friendship was forged by shared adversity.他们和法国共产党建立了联系。They forged links with the French Communist Party. The two countries agreed to forge closer economic ties.

She forged a new career for herself as a singer. 2).make a forgery or counterfeit

He got the money dishonestly, by forging his brother’s signature on a check.

伪造签名Forge a signature

9.liberate - set from (used in the pattern: liberate sb./ sth. from)

Examples:The new Afghan government is trying to liberate its people from poverty with international help.The Troops’ aim is to liberate the country by the end of the year.n. Liberationn. Liberationn. Liberty The Statue of Libertyn. Liberty The Statue of Liberty

10. authorize: v. give approval or permission for (sth.); give authority to.

The government authorized the publication of this book.

I have authorized him to act for me during my absence.

主任允许我们在实验室工作。The director authorized us to work in the laboratory.

11. exploit - n. brave and adventurous deed or action (usu. pl) 功绩，业绩

Examples: The general’s wartime exploits were later made into a film and a television series. My grandfather entertained us with stories of wartime exploits.

vt. 1) to use (esp. a person) unfairly for one’s own profit 剥削

Examples: The cruel boss exploited the poor by making them work for less pay.

2) to use or develop (a thing) fully so as to get profit 开发，利用

Examples: to exploit the oil under the sea

n. exploitationn. exploitation

12. be intent on doing sth.: be eager and determined to do sth.

He was intent on the job he was doing.

他决心去法国继续深造。He is intent on going to France to continue his studies.

13. peer: vi. look closely or carefully, esp. as if unable to see well(followed by at/through/into, etc.)

She peered at him closely, as if not believing it could really be him.

Stephen had been peering at a computer printout that made no sense at all.

Hawking was a typical grind, underweight and awkward and peering through eye-glasses.

CF: peer, gaze & stare 这三个词都是动词，都有注视、凝视之意。peer 通常指半闭着眼睛看，并伴随着向前移动，含有好奇地看或难以看清的意味。例如： The old man peered at her over his spectacles. 老头儿从他的眼镜上方盯着她。Short-sighted people often peer at others when they are wearing no glasses. 近视眼的人不戴眼镜时常常眯着眼看人。Gaze 指持久不停地看，通常有惊奇、羡慕、感叹等含义。例如： All of us gazed at the beautiful view in the distance. 我们都凝视着远方美丽的景色 .For two hours Tom sat gazing out of the window. 两个小时过去了，汤姆一直坐着凝视着窗外。Stare 指出于好奇、惊讶、茫然或赞叹等原因而瞪大眼睛长时间、直接地注视。例如：The woman stared at the stranger in astonishment. 那个女人吃惊地盯着陌生人。It is very impolite to stare at other people.

14. on the side: as an additional job or source of income; secretly

He is a teacher, but he makes a little money on the side by repairing cars in his free time.

He’s married but he has a girlfriend on the side.

他虽有妻室，但暗地里还有一个女朋友。

Other expressions:at the side of 在 ... 旁边 ; [ 口 ] 与 ... 相比be on both sides of the fence [ 美 ] 两面讨好be on sb.’s side of the fence [ 美 ] 支持某人be on the other side of the fence [ 美 ] 在反对的一边be on the safe side 为了稳妥起见 , 以防万一blind side 弱点 , 缺点weak side 弱点 , 缺点put sth. to one side 把 ... 撇在一边 , 置之不理hold one's sides 捧腹大笑 , 笑破肚皮get on the right side of sb. 得到某人喜爱 , 骗取某人的欢心take sides with 偏袒 ; 拥护 ( 某方面 )There is much to be said on both sides. 公说公有理 , 婆说婆有理。

15.capture - capturing or being captured; seize

Examples: Examples:

Rebel forces captured the city after a week-long battle.Rebel forces captured the city after a week-long battle.

FBIFBI 逮捕了一些介入逮捕了一些介入 911911 事件的恐怖分子事件的恐怖分子 ..Some of the terrorists who were involved in the 9.11 event were cSome of the terrorists who were involved in the 9.11 event were c

aptured by the FBI.aptured by the FBI.

16.close in (on/around) – come near to,

esp.in order to attack from several directions; surround

Examples: Examples:

Hitler committed suicide as Soviet forces were closing in on BerlHitler committed suicide as Soviet forces were closing in on Berlin.in.

Right after the suicide explosion, Israeli troops began to close in Right after the suicide explosion, Israeli troops began to close in on the Palestinian city.on the Palestinian city.

17. conviction: n. firm opinion or belief

She expressed her firm conviction that television was harmful to children.

她坚信她是对的。She had a firm conviction that she was right.

Collocation:

a lifelong conviction 终身的信仰 political conviction 政治信念 strengthen/deepen one’s conviction that… 增强 / 加深某人的信念…be open to conviction 服理，能接受意见carry conviction 有说服力in the full conviction that 充分相信是 ...

listen with conviction ( 虚心 ) 倾听

18.converge – meet or join convergent – convergence Examples: Examples: The avenues converge at the central squareThe avenues converge at the central square..

diverge － separate and go in different directions; deviate from a prescribed course divergent – divergence Examples: Examples: What you are talking has diverged from this topic to another one.What you are talking has diverged from this topic to another one.

19. terminal - 终点站 , 终端 , 接线端 adj. 末期 , 每期的

Examples: terminal stages of cancer癌症晚期Most large airports have shops, restaurants, and banks in the terminal building,

plus special lounges for departing passengers. All staff have terminals attached to the company's main computer.

20. impose: vt. 1). place (a penalty, tax, etc.) officially on sb./sth.

New duties were imposed on wines and spirits. 征收进口税impose a tax on imports

2).try to make sb. accept (an opinion or a belief)

She imposed her ideas on the group. I must perform the task that has been imposed on me.impose oneself on/upon sb.硬缠着某人 ; 打扰某人

CF: depose: vt. 免职 , 废 ( 王位 ), 作证 vi. 宣誓作证e.g. The king was deposed by his people.

那位国王被人民罢免 [ 废除 ] 。

compose: v. 组成 , 写作 , 排字 , ( 使 ) 安定 , 调解e.g. the parts that compose the whole

组成全体的各部分She composed herself to answer the letter.

她镇静下来写回信。He teaches music and also composes.

他教音乐，并且作曲。

21. as for – with regard to

Examples: As for your request for a free sample, we will send it to you in about ten days.Some people have complained, but as for me I’m perfectly satisfied with the working conditions here.

C.f.C.f.

when it comes towhen it comes toas far as …be concernedas far as …be concernedwith regard towith regard toregarding, concerning, regarding, concerning, as to, aboutas to, about

22. transport - take sth./sb. from one place to another in a vehicle

Examples: Examples: public transport.public transport.

公共交通系统公共交通系统inland transportinland transport

内陆运输内陆运输Pipelines are used mainly to transport liquids or gases over long distances.Pipelines are used mainly to transport liquids or gases over long distances.

23. disguise: vt. give sb./sth. a false appearance

disguise sb./sth. as

e.g. He disguised himself as a woman.

The soldiers disguised themselves by wearing white garments in the snow.

这一事实是无法隐瞒的。It is impossible to disguise the fact.

24. abolish: vt. end the existence of (a law , custom, system, etc.)

e.g. The death penalty is to be abolished before the end of this year.

废除奴隶制abolish slavery

坏的风俗应当废除。Bad customs should be abolished.

25.make the best of - accept an unsatisfactory situation cheerfully and try to manage as well as you can

Examples: Examples: I know it's cold and raining but we're here now, so let's just make I know it's cold and raining but we're here now, so let's just make

the best of it. the best of it. The living conditions in the village were very poor, but we had to The living conditions in the village were very poor, but we had to

make the best of it. make the best of it.

26. compel: vt. make (sb.) do sth.; force

e.g. Duty compelled the soldiers to volunteer for the mission.

大雨迫使我们呆在屋内。The heavy rain compelled us to stay indoors.

Collocation:compel sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事be compelled to (do) 不得不（做）

27. at risk: threatened by the possibility of loss, failure, etc.; in danger

e.g. The disease is spreading, and all children under five are at risk.

risk: vt. 冒 ... 的危险 ; 冒险干 ; 赌注于risk getting caught in a storm冒遭遇风暴之险risk everything on a single throw

at all risks (=at any risk) 无论冒什么危险 ; 无论如何at the risk of (=at risk to)冒 ... 之险 ; 不顾 ... 之风险take no risks 慎重行事

28. starve: v. (cause a person or an animal to) suffer severely or die from hunger

starve to death

What's for dinner? I'm starving!

晚饭吃什么 ? 我饿死了 !

starve for news 渴望消息

She's lonely, and starving for companionship.

她很寂寞，渴望友谊。

29. pass for - appear like; be accepted or looked upon as (same as pass as)

Examples:

He speaks American English well enough to pass for an American.

30. (L39) Determined to live free someday, he managed to get trained in iron molding.

译文：由于打定主意有朝一日要过自由生活，他便设法学会了铸铁这门手艺。

1) 过去分词短语可以用作状语，相当于一个状语从句。如：

Deeply moved by his words ,I promised to help him .

划线部分相当于一个原因状语从句， ( As I was deeply moved by his words .)

再如： Having graduated from St. Mary’s College , Joyce applied

to the University of California. 划线部分相当于 After she graduated from St. Mary’s College ,

2). 过去分词短语也可用作定语，相当于一个定语从句，如： These are goods (that are ) imported from Japan .

3). 现在分词短语也可作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句，如： This is the road leading to the station .

划线部分相当于 which leads to the station 4). 现在分词短语也可作为状语，如： Turning to the left ,you will find the post office .

划线部分相当于 If you turn to the left

31. (L40) Eventually he saved enough money working at this trade on the side to buy his freedom.

分词短语做状语 , 表示方式

32. (line 45) …dead or alive .

形容词短语作让步状语，相当于 no matter he was dead or alive .

又如： They came home ,happy and gay .

形容词短语表示伴随行为。

33. (L82) Many slaves traveled…, their faces sometimes caked with white powder.

Structure: 独立结构： N. + V-ed/Adj./ prepositional phrase/infinitive phrase

--The hunter returned home, his left leg injured by a shot from his friend.

--The boy entered the room, his nose red with cold.

--The farmers went into the field, spades and shovels on their shoulders.

34. (lines 92-93) Making the best of his lot ,… rose far in his owner’s regard .

1). make the best of one’s lot : 非常认命，充分把握运气 2). rise in sb.’ s regard /opinion : 受某人器重

Question

Why was Henson called an African-American Moses?Why was Henson called an African-American Moses?

In the Bible, Moses was the leader who brought the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and led them to the Promised Land. Just like Moses, Henson helped hundreds of slaves to escape to Canada and liberty, so he was called an African-American Moses.

In the Bible, Moses was the leader who brought the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and led them to the Promised Land. Just like Moses, Henson helped hundreds of slaves to escape to Canada and liberty, so he was called an African-American Moses.

Question

Both Josiah Henson and Uncle Tom are slaves. In the eyes

of Barbara, are they identical, or different? In what way? Different. Uncle Tom was an enduring slave and unwilling to

struggle for himself, while Josiah Henson did what he believed was right and took an active part in the anti-slavery movement.

Further Understanding

Para 1: What do you learn from this paragraph? --Ontario was home to Josiah Henson, a hero fighting for freedom in

American history.

--The guide Barbara Carter, brought the writer back to a time when Americans fought for their rights.


Para 2: Why is the guide so devoted to her ancestor, Josiah Henson?

--Josiah Henson, a man of principle instead of a racial sellout, has lived on through the character of Uncle Tom in H.B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin.


Para 3: How important is Josiah Henson for the African Americans in their struggle for freedom from slavery? Josiah Henson was, in many ways, an African-American Moses who, after winning his own freedom from slavery, helped the Afro-Americans escape and win liberty.

Note: Moses (摩西 ): the Leader who brought the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and led them to the Promised Land ( 迦南 , 上帝答应给 Abraham 及其后裔的土地 ).


Para 4: What do we learn from this paragraph? Josiah Henson was but one name of a long list of courageous men and women who forged the Underground Railroad, a secret web of escape routes and safe houses that they used to liberate slaves from the American South.


Para 5: Why does the writer compose this article? The heroes of the Underground Railroad remain little remembered and their exploits still largely unsung. So the writer composes this article at the time that the National Underground Railroad Freedom Centre opens in 2004 to honour the freedom givers in this great civil-rights struggle in the U.S.


Paras. 6-10: What does the writer tell us in this section of the text?

The author tells us the life of the black John Parker, who used to be a slave himself, and his deeds or exploits of conducting escaped slaves to safety and freedom in the north.


Paras 11-15: From whom did the Blacks get help in their escaping to freedom to the North?

White Americans like Levi Coffin and Calvin Fairbank, who were driven by their religious convictions and un-scared of the death threats, warnings and severe punishment, also helped the slaves to win freedom. The runaway slaves met with great hardships and tried different ways in travelling to freedom in the North.


Paras 16-23: What does the writer tell the readers in this part of the text? This part of the text is a flashback to the life story of Josiah Henson: why and how he and his family managed to escape to the North.

Text Analysis

1. Why some terms in this text are markedly of Christian origin, like “Methodist Minister”, “Bible”, “Quaker” etc or other terms refer to places from Biblical stories, such as Moses who led the Jewish people out of slavery in Egypt, or Bethlehem, a holy city for Christians?

When we learn a foreign language, the culture of that language is also an important part to learn. Text A in this unit is a good case in point. We need some basic knowledge of Christianity.

Text Analysis

2. Among so many participants of the Underground Railroad, why were John Parker, Levi Coffin and Henson chosen as their representatives? Why do they each represent?

The three stories are chosen because they are representative of all participants in the early Black civil rights movement. John Parker is a freed slave who later turned into a courageous “conductor”; Levin Coffin is a brave white “conductor”; Josiah Henson is a slave who struggled his way to freedom with the help of the Underground Railroad.

Text Analysis

3. We learn about Henson in Part 1, then why is his story delayed until the last Part? In this way the author achieves coherence of the text.

Text Analysis

4. Why does the author sometimes quote directly from characters in the stories? Direct speech is more convincing than indirect speech, especially when it comes to expressing personal beliefs. On other occasions, direct speech makes a story more vivid.

Assignments

You have learned quite a lot about the Underground Railroad now, but you may want to know more about what it was like to travel along the Underground Railroad. Here’s how: go through the journey on nationalgeographic.com’s Underground Railroad site (www.nationalgeographic.com/features/railroad). And your homework is to write a composition about the conditions in which slaves lived and some of the dangers that an escaping slave faced.

Text B The Dream, the Stars and Dr. King

Language Points

1. come a long way vi. have developed or become very successful 有很大进步 ( 有很大改进 )The company has come a long way since its beginnings. 公司自开办以来有很显著的改善。

Regarding the environment, Beijing has come a long way since its last bid in 1993. 　关于环境方面，自 1993 年申办以来，北京做出了巨大努力。

2. commitment n. thing one has promised to do 委托 , 实行 , 承诺 , 保证( 律）拘禁令

His political commitment is only skin-deep.

他政治上的承诺只是表面文章。

The President affirmed America's commitment to its transatlantic (ie European) allies.

总统申明美国履行对其欧洲盟国承担的义务 .

3. against (the/ all the ) odds: despite strong opposition or disadvantages.

He survived the cancer against all odds.

他勇敢地与癌症做斗争活了下来。

Against all the odds, he finished his work ahead of time.

他克服了重重困难，提前完成了任务。

4. play up: ingratiate oneself to; often with insincere behavior 加油，鼓吹

She tried to play down his part in the affair and play up her own.

她极力贬低他在这一事件中的作用而抬高自己的作用。

5. do well (to do sth.): used to advise sb. that they should do sth.

Everyone should do well to follow his parents’ advice.

Writing

Write a draft for a speech

Model Paper

Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans in recent decades and its projected continuation.

Global average air temperature near the Earth's surface rose 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.3 ± 0.32 °F) during the past century. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes, "most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations," which leads to warming of the surface and lower atmosphere by increasing the greenhouse effect. Natural phenomena such as solar variation combined with volcanoes have probably had a small warming effect from pre-industrial times to 1950, but a cooling effect since 1950. The basic conclusions have been endorsed by at least 30 scientific societies and academies of science, including all of the national academies of science of the major industrialized countries. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists is the only scientific society that rejects these conclusions, and a few individual scientists also disagree with parts of them.

Key to exercise

Vocabulary

Ⅰ1. 1) decades 2) historic

3) imposed 4) racial

5) slender 6) closing in on

7) settlement 8) site

9) mission 10) authorized

11) terminal 12) make the best of

13) exploits 14) religious

15) on the side

2. 1) pass for 2) stood up for

3) laid down 4) take on

5) let (us) down 6) draw on

7) come up 8) given up

3. 1) The Europeans are fully confident that the Americans will not be able to justify their measures to protect the struggling American steel industry.

2) Cliton is, in the eyes of Joe Klein, staff writer of the New Yorker and author of The Natural, the most talented politician of his generation and the most compelling.

3) There’s not much you can do if people are really intent on destroying themselves with drugs.

4) A different experience of the world could forge a completely different approach to life.

5) It is our conviction that cloning of human beings is bound to cause many ethical and social problems in the long run.

4. 1) As for, do not compel, capture of, have forged

2) would starve, At huge risk, the mission, transport

3) who abolished, liberated, In the eyes of, exploits

Ⅱ. Words with Multiple Meanings

1) I’ll tell you about my research project in a minute, but first let’s hear about your French trip.

2) Most McDonald’s look almost the same on the outside, but actually there are about 16 different basic designs.

3) Loaning money from the banks is but one of the methods we can use to get through a financial crisis.

4) This is second-hand car has been nothing but trouble; it’s always breaking down.

5) In your resume you’ve mentioned everything but one

vital point.

6) Our technicians have discovered a simple but effective solution to the problem.

7) I am sorry, but I think you shouldn’t have delayed your homework.

8) The bankruptcy of the company was not caused by evil, but by simple ignorance.

Ⅲ. Usage

1. lonely 2. friendly

3. weekly, monthly 4. lovely

5. cowardly 6. kindly/ saintly

7. lively 8. motherly

1. 1) A letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.

2) Thus encouraged, we made a still bolder plan for the next year.

3) Our government has banned imports of cosmetics containing animal products from 18 countries, mostly in Europe, for fear that they could cause mad cow disease.

4) Having graduated from St. Mary’s College, Joyce applied to the University of California at Los Angeles.

2. 1) Often it is in overcoming hardships that we come to appreciate the value of life.

Structure

2) Some scientists believe that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and farmer’s incomes, reduce prices and help combat hunger and disease in the developing countries.

3) With repeated hackers’ attacks on our system, we have come to realize the necessity of hiring a computer-security expert.

4) Having conducted some surveys in Chinese kindergartens, Howard Gardner came to understand that the Chinese preferred “ teaching by holding the hand”.

Ⅰ. Close

(A)

1. Underground 2. forged

3. stand up 4. transport

5. compelled 6. convictions

7. liberating 8. mission

9. abolish 10. intent on

11. risk

(B)

1. who 2. the

Comprehensive Exercises

3. along 4. in

5. that 6. through

7. not 8. as

9. referred 10. escape

11. where 12. If

13. in 14. even

15. until 16. instead

17. as

Ⅱ Translation

Henson’s painful life as a slave strengthened his determination to struggle for freedom. Shortly after he achieved freedom he became a member of an organization that assisted fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. In addition, later he built a small settlement in Dresden in Canada for escaped slaves,

Setting up a chapel and a school where they could learn useful ways of making a living. He held to the conviction that the slavery would be abolished, all the slaves would be liberated, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed.

Part Text BⅢ

1. a 2. d 3. c 4. d 5. b 6. bComprehension Check

1. remarkable 2. commitment 3. flourish 4. resulted from 5. grave 6. In the midst of 7. enforce 8. recovery 9. guarantee 10. remedy 11. discriminate 12. with each passing by 13. unlike 14. subjected to 15. at best 16. plays up 17. come a long way 18. do well 19. against all the odds 20. In this context

Language Practice

Thanks for your attention

college english book x （全新版）大学英语 x school of foreign studies 外国语学院 unit...

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