comer en madrid. mis viajes

7/23/2019 COMER EN MADRID. MIS VIAJES

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/comer-en-madrid-mis-viajes 1/133

2



0

Gexecpbgébq jgjaxzbhbq vep jk bzxep Gexecpbgébq `bdbhbq hj Moxjpojx Aeijoxbpmeq hjk bzxep+ hj kbq vâcmobq sj` hj keq keabkjq } evmomeojq hj aeijoqbkjq/



1

QMXMEQ HJ

X BVJEQ ]

AEIMHBQ

JO IMQ

W MBDJQ B

KB

ABVMXBK

Pjaevmkbhe vep

Dzbo Âkwbpjt Kbqqe

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Escudo_de_Madrid.svg






8

Jo xeheq keq keabkjq hj jqxj pjaeppmhe nj aeimhe+ xbvjbhe } `j`mhe zobqwjajq aeo im jqveqb expb aeo imq bimceq } expbq qeke+ vep ke xboxe kbq evmomeojq qe`pj jkkeq .hj keq keabkjq oe hj imq bimceq- qeo iébq+ } vzjhj rzj oe aemoamhbo aeoizanb cjoxj aeqb rzj keq rzj ij aeoeajo qb`jo rzj ij vpjeazvb izane/ Nb} zob cpbo aboxmhbh hj gbaxzpbq hj keq keabkjq+ izanbq hj jkkbq hjk bòe 066=+ rzj gzjazbohe ij hme vep jivjtbp b czbphbp+ gexecpbgmbp } xeibq oexbq hj keq qmxmeq heohj

é`bieq+ xboxe hj pjqxbzpboxjq+ j~veqmameojq e kzcbpjq vmoxepjqaeq/



:

AEIJOTBIEQ



7

Jqxe} wmbdbohe b Ibhpmh hjqhj jk bòe 2=7>+ kb vpmijpb abgjxjpéb rzjaeoeamieq gzj kb ‛Oj`pbqlb’ jo kb Cpbo Wéb + kb wjphbh jq rzj jq zob hj kbq amzhbhjq

e abvmxbkjq rzj iâq ij czqxb+ oe qekbijoxj vep keq jhmgmameq ieozijoxbkjq rzjxmjoj+ qmoe vep kb hmwjpqmhbh xbo cpbohj jo jqvjaxâazkeq+ izqjeq jxa/ Im evmomño vjpqeobk jq rzj jq hj kbq Cpbohjq Abvmxbkjq hjk izohe



3

Vpmijpb teob Ajoxpe } Kbxmob

O´ Keabk Hmpjaamño A K

Q

2 Nexjk Xp}v Pj~ Cpbo Wéb 81 0 2 00 Aneaekbxjpéb Wbkep Veqxmce Qbo Ibpxéo 3 2 2 01 Abqb Cbkkjcb @ephbhepjq o´ 22 2 2 28 Abqb Òjpz @ephbhepjq o´ : 0 0 0: Aneaekbxjpéb Cmoíq Vbqbdj Qbo Cmoíq 2 0 07 Jk Ijpabhe Qbo Imczjk Vkbtb hj Qbo Imczjk 2 2 23 Ajpwjajpéb Keq Abpbaekjq Xekjhe o´ 267 2 0 0> Ajpwjajpéb Kb Vbkeib Ibpmqrzjpéb Xekjhe o´ >: 2 0 0= Pjqxbzpboxj Ibkbabxéo Pôb o´ : 2 2 226 Abqb Bibhje Keq Abpbaekjq Vkbtb Abqaeppe o´ 2> 2 0 022 Jk Ibhpeòe Vkbtb Vzjpxb Ajppbhb o´ 3 0 0 0

20 Ijqño hj Kb Xepxmkkb Abwb hj Qbo Imczjk o´ 2: 0 0 021 Ijqño hjk Anbivmòño Abwb hj Qbo Imczjk o´ 21 0 0 028 Kbq Azjwbq hj Kzmq Abohjkbq Keq Azanmkkjpeq 2 0 22: Abqb Vbppeohe Xpzdmkkeq o´ 8 0 0 027 Kb Nzjpxb hj Kkjmhb Azjqxb hj Qboxe Heimoce o´ 27 2 0 223 E¸ Gbpe Gmomqxjppj Dbaeijxpjte o´ 2: 0 0 02> Jk Bqbhep hj Bpbohb Vpjambheq o´ 88 2 2 2

A9 abkmhbh ‑ K 9 jqxbhe keabk ‑ Q9 qjpwmame2 9 Iz} @zjoe ‑ 0 9 @zjoe ‑ 19 Ibke



>

2/) Nexjk Xp}v Pj~Cpbo Wéb 81

0/) Aneaekbxjpéb WbkepVeqxmce hj Qbo Imczjk 3

1/) Abqb Cbkkjcb

@ephbhepjq 22

8/) Abqb Òjpz@ephbhepjq :

:/) Aneaekbxjpéb Qbo CmoíqVbqbdj hj Qbo Cmoíq

7/) Ijpabhe hj Qbo ImczjkVkbtb hj Qbo Imczjk

3/) Ajpwjajpéb KeqAbpbaekjqXekjhe 267

>/) Ajpwjajpéb Kb VbkeibXekjhe >:

=/) Pjqxbzpboxj IbkbabxéoPzhb :

26/) Ajpwjajpéb Bibhje

Keq AbpbaekjqVkbtb hj Abqaeppe 2>

22/) Jk IbhpeòeVkbtb Vzjpxb Ajppbhb 3

20/) Ijqño Kb XepxmkkbAbwb hj Qbo Imczjk 2:

21/) Ijqño hjk AnbivmòñoAbwb hj Qbo Imczjk 23

28/) Kbq Azjwbq hj KzmqAbohjkbqAzanmkkjpeq 2

2: Abqb VbppeoheXpzdmkkeq 8

27/) Kb Nzjpxb hj KkjmhbAzjqxb Qxe/ Heimoce 27

23/) E ¸Gbpe Gmomqxjppj 2>/) Bqbhep hj BpbohbDbaeijxpjte 2: Vpjambheq 88



=

Moxjoxbpj j~vkmabp kb qmxzbamño hj keq hmqxmoxeq keabkjq jo vkbo hj vbqje } oe mpb aeijp jk imqie héb b xeheq b kb wjt/

Kb jqxbamño hj vbpxmhb hj xeheq keq pjaeppmheq jq hjqhj jk Nexjk Xp}v Pj~ .2-+qmxzbhe jo kb Cpbo Wéb jo jk o´ 81 iz} ajpab hj kb Vkbtb hj Abkkbe/

Vpmijp pjaeppmhe teob Ajoxpe } Kbxmob

Qbkmhb nbamb kb Vkbtb hj Abkkbe hjqhj brzé vep kb abkkj Veqxmce hj Qbo Imczjk qjjoazjoxpb jo jk o´ 3 ‛Aneaekbxjpéb Wbkep’ .0- vbpb ié jk qmxme mhjbk vbpb hjqb}zobp zoeq`zjoeq anzppeq } jk ijdep aneaekbxj hj Ibhpmh+ qjczmieq pjaxe } aeojaxbieq aeo kb abkkj@ephbhepjq+ heohj qj joazjoxpb qmxzbhb jo jk o´ 22 ‛Abqb Cbkkjcb’ .1-+ zo veae iâq bppm`bjo jk o´ : ‛Abqb Òjpz’ .8- joxpj jqxeq heq keabkjq gpjoxj qj joazjoxpb jk Vbqbdj hj Qbo Cmoíqjo kb xpbqjpb hj kb Mckjqmb hj Qbo Cmoíq aeo jk o´ : ‛ A neaekbxjpéb Qbo Cmoíq’ .:- aeoxmozbieq

nbamb kb Vkbtb Ib}ep heohj nb} wbpmbq xjppbtbq rzj oe we} b oei`pbp vep qjp iz} abpbq }ibk qjpwmhbq+ qj vzjhj zoe qjoxbp zo pbxe vbpb xeibp zob ajpwjtb } obhb iâq+ .Kb ôkxmib wjtrzj gzm b Ibhpmh wmqmxj kb Vkbtb ib}ep } kb joaeoxpí `bqxboxj hjqijdepbhb aeo pjqvjaxe bimq pjazjpheq/ Keabkjq ajppbheq+ az}bq pjdbq jqxb`bo vmoxbppbdjbhbq aeo cpbgmxmq qmo cpbamb+`bpjq aeo bqvjaxe qzame } xbvbq azxpjq-< pjqzimjohe zoeq hj keq qmxmeq ji`kjiâxmaeq hjIbhpmh } rzj jqxj bqé/ Joxpbieq jo zo `bp+ hjamhmieq xeibpoeq zob aevb+ jk abibpjpe jpbâpb`j } oe xjoéb om mhjb hj ke rzj kj jqxâ`bieq vmhmjohe/ Janí jo gbkxb aeie jo xboxeq expbqamzhbhjq+ moakzmhb Kbq Vbkibq hj Cpbo Abobpmb heohj wmwe+ keq abibpjpeq hj xehb kb wmhb/ Joabi`me b`zohb jk vjpqeobk j~xpbodjpe rzj oe xmjoj om mhjb hj ke rzj jqxâo qmpwmjohe/ Oevmhbq zob ibotbomkkb aeo bajmxzobq veprzj xj veojo zob mogzqmño+ vjpe akbpe qeo `bpbxeq }

wjxj b qb`jp qm xmjojo vbvjkjq/ Qbkmjohe nbamb jk Ejqxj qj joazjoxpb kb Vkbtb hj Qbo Imczjk+heohj jqxâ ‛Jk Ijpabhe hj Qbo Imczjk’ .7-+ qj wzjkwj b kb Vkbtb Ib}ep } qj qbkj vep kb abkkjXekjhe+ jqxbohe b kb hjpjanb kb Vkbtb hj kb Aj`bhb+ kkjcbohe b kb Vzjpxb hj Xekjhe jo jk o´267 ‛Ajpwjajpéb keq Abpbaekjq’ .3-+ hbieq kb wzjkxb } vep kb bajpb hj kb hjpjanb jo jk o´ >:‛ Ajpwjajpéb Kb Vbkeib Ibpmqrzjpéb’ .>-+ qjczmieq } joxpbieq vep kb abkkj Pôb jo jk o´ :‛Pjqxbzpboxj Ibkbabxéo’ .=- b aeoxmozbamño oeq joaeoxpbieq jo kb Vkbtb hj Abqaeppe o´ 2>+heohj jqxâ qmxzbhe ‛Abqb Bibhje Keq Abpbaekjq’ .26-+ wekwjieq b kb abkkj Xekjhe b xpbwíqhj kb abkkj Jqxzhmeq+ joxpbieq jo kb Vkbtb hj Vzjpxb Ajppbhb o´ 3 qj qmxôb ‛Jk Ibhpeòe’ .22-+ qbkmieq } joxpbieq vep kb Abwb @bdb b kb Abwb hj Qbo Imczjk heohj jqxâo keq ijqeojq ‛KbXepxmkkb’ . 20- } ‛ Hjk Anbivmòño’ .21- jo keq oôijpeq 2: } 23 pjqvjaxmwbijoxj+ b

aeoxmozbamño jo Keq Azanmkkjpeq ‛Kbq Azjwbq hj Kzmq Abohjkbq’ .28-+ kkjcbieq b kb abkkjIb}ep+ qbkmieq nbamb kb abkkj @ephbhepjq+ apztbieq Bpjobk b kb abkkj Qbo Ibpxéo joxpbieq jokb Vkbtb Qbo Ibpxéo heohj jqxâ jk Aeowjoxe hj kbq Hjkabtbq Pjbkjq jk azbk wbkj kb vjob wmqmxbp+he`kbieq b Xpzdmkkeq jo jk o´ 8 ‛Abqb Vbppeohe’ .2:-+ mp jo hmpjaamño b Vkbtb hj QboxeHeimoce } jo kb Azjqxb hj Qboxe Heimoce o´ 27 oeq joaeoxpbieq aeo ‛Kb Nzjpxb hjKkjmhb’ .27- apztbieq } jo kb jqrzmob aeo Dbaeijxpjte 2: ‛E ¸Gbpe hj Gmomqxjppj’ .23-+ oeqwbieq b kb vbpbkjkb Vpjambheq o´ 88 ‛Jk Bqbhep hj Bpbohb’ .2>-+ b aeoxmozbamño kkjcbieq bkb Vkbtb Abkkbe } vbpb jk Nexjk



26

2/) HJ WMQMXB B IBHPMH

Nexjk Xp}v Pj~ Abkkj Cpbo Wéb+ 81+0>621 Ibhpmh

.Sj` hjk Nexjk-

Kbq wjajq rzj im jqveqb } }e njieq wmqmxbhe Ibhpmh+ oepibkijoxj oeqrzjhbieq jo Xp}v Pj~ jo kb Cpbo Wéb+ vep qjpzo nexjk `bqxboxj hjajoxj } jqxbp qmxzbhe jozob teob hj gâamk baajqe/

Jk nexjk Xp}v Pj~+ joxpj kb Vkbtb hj Jqvbòb } kbVkbtb hjk Abkkbe+ jo zob teob rzj egpjaj kbib}ep egjpxb aeijpambk+ azkxzpbk } hj eame hj kbabvmxbk/ Vehpâ hjqvkbtbpqj b vmj nbqxb keqvpmoamvbkjq vzoxeq hj moxjpíq+ xbkjq aeie kbVzjpxb hjk Qek+ kb Vkbtb Ib}ep+ jk Vbkbame Pjbk e

jk Ibhpmh hj keq Bzqxpmbq/ Kb aeizomabamño bxpbwíq hj ijxpe } bzxe`ôq jq iz} `zjob+hmqveoj bhjiâq hj zo baajqe gâamk } pâvmhe b kbI)16/Jqxj nexjk hj kb abhjob Xp}v+ hjk cpzve QekIjkmâ+ kj vjpimxmpâ hmqgpzxbp xehe ke `zjoe rzjegpjaj kb amzhbh aeo jk ijdep qjpwmame veqm`kj/Xboxe qm jqxâ jo Ibhpmh vep iexmweq hjojceameq aeie qm hjqjb nbajp xzpmqie+ jk Xp}vPj~ qjpâ zob `zjob evamño/ Kbq 28:nb`mxbameojq hj jqxj nexjk hj 1 jqxpjkkbq jqxâo

xexbkijoxj jrzmvbhbq } hmqveojo hj aeoj~mñoSm)Gm/ Cpbo vbpxj hj jkkbq egpjajo zobqbcpbhb`kjq wmqxbq b kb Cpbo Wéb/

Gbanbhb Nexjk Xp}v Pj~ jo abkkj Cpbo Wéb 81

Pjajvamño hjk Nexjk aeo kb `bppb hjk `bp rzjozoab ke nj wmqxe b`mjpxe

Hepimxepme aeo wmqxb b Cpbo Wéb



22



20

0/) ANEAEKBXJPMB WBKEPVeqxmce hj Qbo Ibpxéo o´ 3+ Teob hj Abkkbe

Qmxzbhb jo kb abkkj hjk

Veqxmce hj Qbo Ibpxéo 3

Gexecpbgéb hjk moxjpmep hj kb Abgjxjpéb

Ajpab hj kb Vkbtb Abkkbe jqxb aneaekbxjpéb Wbkep+ jk ijdep aneaekbxj hj

Ibhpmh aeo zoeq `zjoeq anzppeq/ Vbpb ajobp xmjoj zo Geohzj hj aneaekbxj aeo gpzxbqrzj jq ibpbwmkkeqe/ Jk qjpwmame jq oepibk+ aeo xehe jk vjpqeobk vpeajhjoxj hj kbmoimcpbamño/

Gbanbhb hj kb Aneaekbxjpéb+ bk geohe kb Vkbtb hj Abkkbe



21

1/) ABQB CBKKJCBA% @ephbhepjq o´ 22) Ajoxpe Qek

Epmcmobpmbijoxj gzohbhb jo 2=6: jo kb Vkbtb hj Qbo Imczjk/ Pjqxbzpboxjhj jqxmke cbkkjce+ aeo heq qbkeojq aeo abqm :6 ijqbq+ heohj vpmibo kbq ibxjpmbq vpmibqcbkkjcbq4 vjqabheq } ibpmqaeq hj Wmce } B Aepzòb+ anepmteq } kbaeojq hj Epjoqj } Kzce/

Qeo jqvjambkmqxbq jo ijdmkkeojq b kb cbkkjcb aeo aj`ekkb } vmimjoxe+ } b kbibpmojpb/ @zjob jivbobhb cbkkjcb xpbhmameobk+ hj wmjmpbq } aeo kb ibqb gmob/ Aeowmjojpjqjpwbp//

Jk pjqxbzpboxj pjaeimjohb4 pehb`bkke b kb cbkkjcb+ kbaño aeo cpjkeq }anzkjxb hj xjpojpb b kb cbkkjcb+ vjpe xmjoj `zjoeq ibpmqaeq/

Hjqhj 2=2: jqxb abqb nb jqxbhe bk qjpwmame hj keq cbkkjceq } nb qmcomgmabhe+bhjiâq hj zob b}zhb+ zob pjgjpjoamb azkxzpbk mojwmxb`kj/ Qz aeamob iboxmjoj wmwb kbqiâq vzpbq xpbhmameojq } xpbj qzq ibxjpmbq vpmibq hmpjaxbijoxj hjqhj Cbkmamb/ Kbjivbobhb+ jk vzkve b kb cbkkjcb+ kb kz`mob bk nepoe+ jk ajoxekke e jk `zj} hj ibp vzjhjohjczqxbpqj b hmbpme jo azbkrzmjpb hj qzq heq keabkjq/ Kb hjaepbamño hj bi`eq vzjhj qjpjgjaxmwb b kb nepb hj vbkmbp kb ieppmòb vep qzq iôkxmvkjq pjgjpjoambq b kbq oepxjòbq azbxpevpewmoambq



28

Jk moxjpmep hjkpjqxbzpboxjjo kb vpmijpbvkboxb jqxâhjaepbhe aeoiexmweqcbkkjceq/

Zob hj kbq wjajq rzj gzmieq b aeijp+ ij vbqe zo abqe azpmeqe+ .kb ôomabwjt-+ vjhmieq zo X~boczppe+ ozjqxpb qepvpjqb gzj azbohe jo zob xbtb oeq xpbjo zobjqvjamj hj abkhe jqvjqe } oeq hmajo rzj jqe ke rzj vjhmieq/ Jk abibpjpe azbohe wme kbabpb oe hj bqei`pe+ qmoe hj ab`pje+ hj b`e`bhe hj ke rzj zhq/ rzmjpbo+ ke pjxmpñ } hmderzj jq rzj oe xjoébo abvbpbtño/ Ij vbpjaj rzj oe nb} rzj qjp cbkkjce vbpb qb`jp ke rzj

jqxj vkbxe/ Jqxe eazppj izane jo keq pjqxbzpboxjq hj Ibhpmh+ qe`pj xehe jo keq ijqeojqhj dbiño+ heohj qj apjjo rzj xeheq qeo vpewmoamboeq e xzpmqxbq/



2:

8/) ABQB ÒJPZ A% hj Keq @ephbhepjq+ :/ Ajpab Vkbtb Ib}ep

B`mjpxe hjqhj 2=38+ ‛Jk Òjpz’ egpjaj kbq ijdepjq pjajxbq hj kb pjcmñobqxzpmbob+ hj joxpj kbq rzj vehjieq hjqxbabp kbq gb`jq aeo bkijdbq+ jk vexj bqxzpmboe+ kb

ijpkztb b kb qmhpb e jk

ji`kjiâxmae bppet aeokjanj/ Qmo ekwmhbp kbhjczqxbamño hj zob qmhpb`mjo jqaboambhb/ Xehbzob hjkmamb vbpb xeheqbrzjkkeq rzj czqxjo hjkeq bzxíoxmaeq qbèpjqhjk Vpmoamvbhe/ Jk keabkhmqveoj hj wbpmeqaeijhepjq } hj zob`bppb aeo abvbamhbh vbpbzoeq 066 aeijoqbkjq/Vep expb vbpxj+ jo jkjqxb`kjamimjoxe xbi`míoqj vzjhjo bhrzmpmpvpehzaxeq bzxñaxeoeq hj

kb pjcmño+ aeie kbq gb`jq+ keq ji`zxmheq+ jk rzjqe hj Ab`pbkjq+ qmhpbq///Jk Òjpz jq zo pjqxbzpboxj aeo iâq hj 16bòeq hj boxmcûjhbh vep jk azbk nbovbqbhe keq iâq gmjkjq biboxjq hj kbaeamob bqxzpmbob ke azbk oeq nb

aeoqekmhbhe aeie zo akbpe pjgjpjoxj joozjqxpb amzhbh/Kb `bqj vpmoamvbk hj keq vkbxeq rzj qjjkbèpbo jo Jk Òjpz qeo qjkjaameobheq }xpbéheq hmbpmbijoxj hj Jk Vpmoamvbhe hjBqxzpmbq/Azbohe zoe joxpb jo Jk Òjpz+ qmjoxj kbqjoqbamño hj rzj joxpb jo zo anmcpjxévmae bqxzpmboe heohj qj pjqvmpbbqxzpmboéb vep xeheq keq aeqxbheq< hjnjane qzq vbpjhjq jqxâo hjaepbhbq aeo

keq xévmaeq vpehzaxeq bqxzpmboeq+ qzqiepamkkbq+ anepmteq+ vboajxbq } kbaeojq/Jo kb `bppb qj vzjhjo hjczqxbp xehe xmvehj xbvbq } pbameojq rzj qj vzjhjobaeivbòbp aeo qmhpb obxzpbk+ ajpwjtbq evep bkczoe hj keq wmoeq hj qz qjkjaxb }

aeivkjxb èhjcb/Jo kb abpxb hj Jk Òjpz aeowmwjo keq vkbxeq iâq xévmaeq hj kb aeamob

bqxzpmbob aeo expbq jqvjambkmhbhjq hj kb aeamob jqvbòekb } hj expbq pjcmeojq hj Jqvbòb/Vbpb keq biboxjq hj kb azanbpb+ hjkmameqeq czmqeq aeie ‛kb gb`bhb’+ ‛kbq

gb`jq aeo bkijdbq’ e+ jo xjivepbhb+ ‛jk vexj bqxzpmboe’/Egpjajo xbi`mío zob j~xjoqb wbpmjhbh hj abpojq heohj aeie jqvjambkmhbhjqxâo jk ab`pmxe bqbhe e jk pbè hj xepe/



27

Jo azboxe b keq vjqabheq kb jqvjambkmhbh jq kb ijpkztb b kb qmhpb e jkVm~éo bk nepoe/ Xehbq jqxbq hjkmambq qj vzjhjo baeivbòbp aeo joqbkbhbq+ rzjqe hjab`pbkjq } qmhpb obxzpbk/

] aeie oe nb} aeimhb hj moqvmpbamño bqxzpmbob rzj oe bab`j aeo zoe hjqzq pmaeq veqxpjq+ jo kb abpxb hj Jk Òjpz oe vehéb gbkxbp jk bppet aeo kjanj aeie veqxpjiâq pjvpjqjoxbxmwe/

B hmbpme qj egpjaj zo aeivkjxe qzpxmhe hj `zjoeq ijoôq+ aeo keq imqieqvkbxeq } abkmhbhjq rzj ke rzj vpeveoj kb abpxb/

Xbi`mío wjohjieq xehe xmve hj vpehzaxeq bqxzpmboeq+ aeie gb`jq+anepmteq+ vboajxbq+ rzjqe hj ab`pbkjq+ qmhpb+ jxa/

:/) ANEAEKBXJPÉB QBO CMOÍQ Vbqbdj hj Qbo Cmoíq o´ :

Qmxzbhe jo zoe hj keq

vbqbhmteq iâqboxmczeq hj Ibhpmh+joxpj Bpjobk }Ib}ep+ j~mqxéb zoijqño } neqvjhjpéb+Kâtbpe Kñvjt+ rzj jo2>=8 jq aeowjpxmhejo anzppjpéb/Jk vbqbhmte jpb jkkzcbp mhjbk vbpb‛anerzjq hj jqvb)

hbq’ aeo kbq rzjkbwbp kb neopb } jkjqajobpme rzj zxmkmtñWbkkj)Moakâo vbpb

vpeweabp jk joabpajkbimjoxe hj Ib~ Jqxpjkkb+ bkkâ vep2=06 jo qzq ‛Kzajq hj @enjimb’/ Qz z`mabamño dzoxe bkXjbxpe Jqkbwb } kb Mckjqmb hj Qbo Cmoíq nbvpevepameobhe hzpboxj izaneq bòeq zob ozijpeqbakmjoxjkb rzj+ xpbq kb gzoamño e kb imqb+ xeib`b zoaneaekbxj aeo anzppeq/ Qz bvjpxzpb nbqxb bkxbq nepbq hj

kb oeanj bxpbéb b wmwmhepjq+ oeaxâi`zkeq+ moxjkjaxzbkjq }dzjpczmqxbq+ bqé aeie b ozijpeqeq bpxmqxbq+ baxepjq hjamoj } xjbxpe+ vejxbq } jqapmxepjq+ rzj joaeoxpb`bo brzézo vzoxe hj joazjoxpe/ Ne} jo héb qmczj qmjohe zo keabkiz} gpjazjoxbhe/



23

7/) IJPABHE HJ QBO IMCZJKVkbtb hj Qbo Imczjk

B kb qbkmhb hj kb Vkbtb Ib}ep vep jk Ejqxj .vbpb ié jq iz} hmgéamk aeiemqkjòe+ qb`jp hñohj jqxâ jk Oepxj e jk Qzp+ azbohe qj wb nbamb bppm`b e nbamb b`bde- qjjoazjoxpb kb Vkbtb hj Qbo Imczjk/

Jo kb Vkbtb ke iâq mivepxboxj jq jk Ijpabhe hj Qbo Imczjk+ aeoqxpzmhe bkvpmoamvme hjk Qmcke ^^+ hj zob jqxpzaxzpb hj nmjppe } apmqxbk+ qmjohe zoe hj keq veaeqijpabheq aeo xjane hj Ibhpmh/

Hjqvzíq hj kb pjiehjkbamño+ qj nb aeowjpxmhe oe qekbijoxj jo Ijpabhevpevmbijoxj hmaneaeo wbpmeq vzjqxeqhj wjoxb hjvpehzaxeq gpjqae+qmoe xbi`mío zoqmxme hj xbvje+ vzjqoe jq zo `bp

vpevmbijoxj hmaneqmoe expb gepib hjxbvjbp/Xmjoj zoeq jqvbameqb`mjpxeq aeo hmgj)pjoxjq `bpjq e vzjq)xe hj xbvje+ `ehj)cbq+ qe`pj xehe aeovzjqxeq vbpb vehjpaeivpbp vjrzjòbqaboxmhbhjq+ vbpb mpaeimíohekb imjo)

xpbq nbaj kb aeivpb+ e vbpb baeivbòbp zo `zjo wmoe+ ajpwjtb e pjgpjqae jo kb `bppb hjbkczobq `ehjcbq/

Xmjojq xbi`mío zo vzjqxe hj tzieq obxzpbkjqKe vpmijpe rzj qjhj`j nbajp jq hbpzob wzjkxb vep xehejk ijpabhe vbpbaeoeajpke `mjo+ }kzjce hjamhmp heohj

xeibpqj jk bvjpmxmwe} rzj rzmjpjq xbvjbKe `zjoe rzj xmjojjq rzj xmjojq vzjqxeqhj qbkbteojq aeobnzibheq e jobajmxj+ vzjqxe hjrzjqeq hj abqm xehbqakbqjq+ aeivpbq kbqxbvbq rzj xj czqxb }kzjce b `j`jp b zob

`bppb/



2>

Vep qzvzjqxe j~mqxjo `eabhmkkeq vjrzjòeq+ ji`zxmheq jxa/+ vjpe vbpb ié jk Pj} hj kbqxbvbq qeo kbq eqxpbq+ iz} `zjobq } hj hmgjpjoxjq xbibòeq } vpjameq+ rzj aeo zob `zjobajpwjtb qb`j b ckepmb

‛Jk Vjqabhe Epmcmobk’ zob `bppb+ kb imxbh vjqabhjpéb hj wjoxb hj `zjo vjqabhe bk vô`kmae} imxbh aeie `bppb vbpb xbvjbp/ Azpmeqe jq rzj vzjhj aeivpbp jk vjqabhe } xj kevpjvbpbo jo expe vzjqxe vep zo vpjame iñhmae+ xjomjohe zoeq `zjoeq `erzjpeojq+

boanebq } cbi`bq pedbq/Expe vzjqxe vbpb keq biboxjq hj kb aeamob dbveojqb jq jk vzjqxe hj Qzqnm/Jk cbqxe vzjhj qjp abpe+ `bpbxe } ijhme jq qjcôo ke rzj aeibq } `j`bq/ Vjpe vep zobijhmb hj 2: ₫+ vzjhjq qbkmp ̀ bqxboxj/ Kb gexecpbgéb nb`kb vep qé qekb+ vep qzvzjqxe qe`pb jk kmiño/Kb pjgepib hjizjqxpb rzj kbq aeqbq boxmczbq `mjo xpbxbhbq vzjhjo qjp bxpbaxmwbq }gzoameobkjq



2=

3/) AJPWJAJPMB KEQ ABPBAEKJQ Abkkj Xekjhe+ 267/ Ibhpmh/ Teob Ajoxpe/

Qmxzbhb jo kb abkkj Xekjhe o´267+ ajpab hj kb Vzjpxb hj

Xekjhe/Gbieqéqmib vep qzqabpbaekjq+ rzj `zkkjo jo zobekkb jo kb `bppb aeo zobazanbpb jqvjpbohe rzj zoBpxzpe azbkrzmjpb kb aeoqmcbqbabp/ Keq heimoceqmiveqm`kj joxpbp+ vjpe joxpjqjibob qj jqxâ `mjo vbpbabòjbp wmjohe b vbppe)rzmboeq hjqvexpmabp hjk

izohe } kb wmhb/ Zo akâqmaeJq zo keabk vjrzjòe+ vjpexmjoj zoeq abpbaekjq iz}

bajvxb`kjq } zob `zjob ajpwjtb/ Keq abpbaekjq qj qmpwjo jo vjrzjòbq pbameojq .:₫-hjqhj zob gzjoxj jo kb rzj qj iboxmjojo abkmjoxjq jo kb `bppb/ Kb pjajxb jq kmcjpbijoxjhmgjpjoxj bk jqxâohbp czmqe hj cbqxjpñvehe/ Amjpxe xerzj vmaboxj } cpbo vpjqjoamb hjkvmimjoxe anepmajpe aeowmjpxjo b jqxb pbamño jo bkce+ aeie hjaéb+ hmgjpjoxj/Keq abpbaekjq jo abtzjkb aeo zo `zjo vbo } ajpwjtb `mjo xmpbhb



06

>/) AJPWJAJPMB ‛KB VBKEIB’ IBPMQRZJPMB a% Xekjhe o´ >:

Ajpwjajpéb KbVbkeib zo qmxmeiz} anmae+ vjpeaeo zo ibpmqaeiz} `zjoe }`bpbxe+ jqxâ jo kbabkkj Xekjhe b kb

hjpjanb `bdbohevbpb kb Vzjpxb hjXekjhe/ Oe xmjoj`borzjxbq omijqb/



02

=/) PJQXBZPBOXJ IBKBABXÉO a% Pôb o´ :+ Abqaeppe

Ibkbabxéo jqxâ qmxzbhe jo kb abkkj hj kb Pzhb o´ : iz} ajpab hj kb VkbtbAbqaeppe+ nbamb kb abkkj Xekjhe/ Xmjoj zo aeamhe iz} `zjoe+ vbpb ié vjpqeobkijoxjqzvjpmep b ‛Kb @ekb’

Jqxj pjqxbzpboxj jqzo akâqmae hjk aeamheibhpmkjòe } kbaeamob ibhpmkjòb hjxehb kb wmhb/ Wjompbrzé } oe vjhmp jqxjvkbxe jq zo vjabhe/

Hjqhj 2>=: jo rzjb`pmñ jk keabk aeiexb`jpob } xmjohb hjwmoeq+ nbqxb ne}+ rzjjq wmqmxbhe vepxzpmqxbq hj xehe jkizohe+ nbo vbqbheizanbq aeqbq/Vjpe ke rzj oe nbabi`mbhe jq jkaeamhe ibhpmkjòe }

qzq obxmkkbq+ expe hj



00

keq vkbxeq jqxpjkkb hj kb abqb/ Nb} expbq evameojq aeie keq abkkeq e keq nzjweq gpmxeq/ Qm kerzj rzmjpjq jq anbpkbp zo pbxe baehbhe jo kb `bppb+ ke iâq pjaeijohb`kj jq jk abkhe rzjqmpwjo/ J~rzmqmxe/

Jo azboxe bk bi`mjoxj+xbi`mío iz} xpbhmameobk+xbzpmoe+ jk vpevme hjk `bppmehj Abqaeppe heohj qj z`mab+aeo boxmczbq gexeq hj Ibhpmh} hj kb gbimkmb gzohbhepb/Nb} rzj vjhmp pjqjpwb aeoboxjkbamño vzjq jqxâaeivkjxbijoxj kkjoe jo keqxpjq xzpoeq hj aeimhb rzjhbo/Kb aboxmhbh hj aeimhb+ vbpbbkczoeq bimceq rzj aeoetaeqjpâ veab+ vjpe kbq wjajq rzj

nj mhe oe njieq vehmhe aeoxehe/Jqxâ hjaepbhe aeo izanbq gexecpbgébq } jo kbq ijqbq nb} `boaeq } oe qmkkbq/ Jq iz}vjrzjòe }b wjajq azbohe jqxâ kkjoe jq zo veae moaeiehe/

Moxjpmep hjk pjqxbzpboxjaeo kb kj}johb ‛Ib}e joIbhpmh Ibhpmh joIbkbabxéo’

Expb wmqxb hjk moxjpmep



01

VKBTB HJ ABQAEPPE

Jqxbxzb hj Abqaeppe jk `pbte jqxb qjòbkbohe Abqb Bibhje



08

26/) ABQB BIBHJE ‛KEQ ABPBAEKJQ’ Vkbtb hj Abqaeppe o´ 2>

Abqb Bibhje jo kb Vkbtb Abqaeppe o´ 2>+ jk ijdep qmxme hj Ibhpmh vbpbaeijp abpbaekjq+ xmjojexpbq xbvbq qjoamkkbq iz}`zjobqZo abvpmane‧ iz}xévmae hj Ibhpmh+ keqabpbaekjq jo qbkqb/Vbpb jkke ijpjaj kb vjobwmqmxbp Abqb Bibhje+qmxzbhe jo vkjob vkbtb hjAbqaeppe+ abqm b kbjoxpbhb hj kb abkkjvpmoamvbk hjk Pbqxpeqjcôo qj wmjoj hj kb

Vkbtb Ib}ep/Jk gbieqe Pbqxpe ibhpm)kjòe+ kzcbp gpjazjoxbhevep xzpmqxbq+ vjpqeobqrzj `zqabo e`djxeq rzj

oe vzjhjo joaeoxpbp jo expe qmxme+ vjpe qe`pj xehe azpmeqeq/ Jq moijoqe jk pée hjvjpqeobq rzj keq heimoceq+ b vbpxmp hj kbq 26 hj kb ibòbob ampazkbo vep jk imqie+qmjohe vpâaxmabijoxj miveqm`kj bohbp vep ík/

Jqxj `bp hjoeimobhe ABQB BIBHJE)KEQABPBAEKJQ gzj gzohbhe jo jk bòe 2=80+qmczmjohe qz gzohbhep bk vmj hjk abòño+joaboxbhe aeo qjpwmp keq vpehzaxeq rzjvpjvbpb qjcôo pjajxbq boxmrzéqmibq/Vep qzvzjqxe+ kb jqvjambkmhbh hj kb abqb qeokeq abpbaekjq+ vjpe jo kb imqib ekkb nbojqxbhe aeamjohe anepmteq+ epjdb+ aehmkkeq hjdbiño } expeq vpehzaxeq+ vep qzvzjqxexbi`mío kmcnx+ aeo keq rzj qj e`xmjoj zo abkherzj nbaj pjwmwmp+ qe`pj xehe jo mowmjpoe/Jk xpbxe bib`kj rzj Bibhje egpjaj b keqakmjoxjq vjpimxj joaeoxpbpqj aeie jo kb

vpevmb abqb+ vzjq kkjwb izane xmjivehjhmabhe bk xjib/ Oe jq ojajqbpme vjhmppbameojq aeivkjxbq+ vzjq gbamkmxb hmqgpzxbp hjkeq hmqxmoxeq vpehzaxeq aeo vepameojqbhjazbhbq/Oe hjqijpjajo jo b`qekzxe keq vmimjoxeqpedeq+ vpjvbpbheq hj zob gepib qjoamkkb vjperzj pjbktbo xehe jk qb`ep hj keq imqieq/ Zovkbxe vbpb hjczqxbp xpborzmkbijoxj/Kbq ijqbq qeo iz} pjhzamhbq+ oe nb} qjpwmame

hj ijqbq+ qmjohe ke xévmae xeibpke jo kb `bppb+ vzjq bhjiâq qj jqxâ ajpab hj ke rzj qj

‛azjaj’ .ozoab ijdep hmane-/ J~xpbéhbq Smljvjhmb



0:

Im izdjp } }e jo

Abqb Bibhje



07

22/) JK IBHPEÒEVkbtb Vzjpxb Ajppbhb+ 3+ Ibhpmh+ 0>66:

Zo `bp xévmae } xpbhmameobk hj xbvbq jo Ibhpmh+ qmxzbhe jo kb Vkbtb hjVzjpxb Ajppbhb+ aeo zob gbanbhb hjaepbhb aeo ieqbmaeq hj azbhpeq gbieqeq/

Bk geohe jk ieqbmae+ b kbmtrzmjphb jk tñabke



03

Kb gbanbhb jq zo ieqbmae hj azbhpeq gbieqeq+ aeie qm gzjqj zo izqje/Qekbijoxj vep wjpkb wbkj kb vjob mp bk @bp/

Jk moxjpmep xmjoj jo jk ajoxpe hjxpâq hj kb `bppb zo ieqbmae aeo kb nmqxepmbhj keq hmqxmoxeq jqazheq rzj nb xjomhe Ibhpmh/ Xmjoj zo Kmaep hj kb abqb rzj jq iz}`zjoe



0>

20/) IJQÑO KB XEPXMKKBAbwb hj Qbo Imczjk o´ 2:

Hj kbq vpmijpbqwjajq rzj gzm bIbhpmh qe`pj jk 7:)7>+ jpb wmqmxbe`kmcbhb mp vep keqIjqeojq hj kb Abwbhj Qbo Imczjk } kbAbwb @bdb+ qj xeib`bzob aevb hj wmoe } kbxbvb hj xepxmkkbq/ Ne}jo héb jq iâq vbpbxzpmqxbq+ } qj qmpwjo

pbameojq aeo ke rzjazbohe xjpimobq oexmjojq cbobq hj mp bexpe ijqño



0=

21/) IJQÑO HJK ANBIVMÒEO Abwb hj Qbo Imczjk o´ 23

Jk Ijqño hjk Anbivmòño jq zoe hj keqiâq gbieqeq+ keq anbivmòeojq qeo iz}`zjoeq+ jk vpe`kjib jq rzj aeie hmdjboxjq keq ijqeojq jqxâo iâq vbpb keqxzpmqxbq rzj vbpb keq ozjqxpeq+ }b oeveojo kb xbvb qmoe kb pbamño hj

anbivmòeojq+ aeo ke rzj xj rzjhbqkkjoe } oe xmjojq cbobq hj vbqbp b expekeabk

Moxjpmep hjk ijqño



16

28/) KBQ AZJWBQ HJ KZMQ ABOHJKBQ Azanmkkjpeq o´ 2

Jqxâ qmxzbhe jo jk imqie Bpae hj Azanmkkjpeq } gzj jo qz íveab+ ae`mde hjkgbieqe `bohekjpe Kzmq Abohjkbq/ Aeo zob aeamob ibhpmkjòb)abqxjkkbob+ qzqjqvjambkmhbhjq qeo4 jk aeanmomkke } jk aephjpe bqbhe jo nepoe hj kjòb+ keq abkkeq b kbibhpmkjòb e kb ijpkztb b kb abtzjkb/ J~xjoqb abpxb hj wmoeq/

Jo kb sj` hjk pjqxbzpboxj jqxb kb nmqxepmb hj Kzmq Abohjkb } kb hjk keabk+ kbveoce vep ke moxjpjqboxj/

Aeppjo keq vpmijpeq bòeq hjk 2>66+ azbohe obaj Kzmq Abohjkbq Abcmcbk/ Zoietzjke rzj wb apjamjohe aeo gbib+ kb`pâoheqj kb vpegjqmño hj `bohekjpe/

Aeo anbrzjxmkkb btzk xzprzjqb+ vboxbkño hj Ibnño } gbdb hj Aepmoxe+Abohjkbq qj aeowmjpxj jo zo vjpqeobdj aíkj`pj pe`bohe jqxb`kjamimjoxeq } bqbkxbohehmkmcjoambq/

Xpbq qzq pe`eq bazhj bk Bpae hj Azanmkkjpeq/ Zoe hj keq kzcbpjq iâq xévmaeqhjk boxmcze Ibhpmh+ joakbwbhe jo kb njppjpmbob Vkbtb Ib}ep ) heohj qj joazjoxpbo ne}jo héb ‛Kbq Azjwbq hj Kzmq Abohjkbq’ )+ rzj jo jk qmcke ^M^ jpb qmxme aeoazppmhe vep keiâq abqxmte hj kb íveab } anmaekje hj ibdbq } anmqvjpeq/

Jq vpjamqbijoxj bkké+ `bde jk Bpae hj Azanmkkjpeq } jo qzq azjwbq+ heohjKzmq Abohjkbq ‑ aeoeamhe bqé vep qzq bimceq+ } Heo Kzmq Âkwbpjt hj Ae`eq vbpb keq rzjke jpbo ijoeq ‑qj jqaeohéb aeo qz ‛azbhpmkkb’ } vpjvbpb`b qzq cekvjq+ veprzjhmqveoébo hj izanbq qbkmhbq bk j~xjpmep rzj hjqvmqxb`bo b qzq vjpqjczmhepjq/

Xpbq qz ibxpmieome aeo Ibozjkb Qâoanjt jo kb Mckjqmb hj Qbo Ab}jxboe+ibpanb b Tbiepb heohj pjqmhj bkcôo xmjive nbqxb rzj hjamhj qz wzjkxb b Ibhpmh/



12

Jo 2>13 ke bxpbvbo } njanb vô`kmab qz qjoxjoamb+ kj aeohjobo b izjpxj bcbppexj wmk/ Qz gmanb pjtb`b bqé4‛Kzmq Abohjkbq Abcmcbk+ hj 0> bòeq+ abqbhe+ obxzpbk hjIbhpmh+ aeo heimamkme jo Azanmkkjpeq+ 2+ kbhpño vpegjqmeobk+ jqxbxzpb pjczkbp+ vjke ojcpe+qmo pjhjamkkb+ edeq bk vjke+ `eab cpbohj } ibohé`zkb vpeimojoxj+ ̀ mjo gepibhe } pjame’/

Kb aeohjob qj kkjwb b jgjaxe jo vpjqjoamb hjk vzj`ke } jo kbq bgzjpbq hj kbqvzjpxbq hj Xekjhe hj Ibhpmh/ Qzq ôkxmibq vbkb`pbq gzjpeo íqxbq4

QÍ GJKMT+ VBXPMB IÉB

Bòeq hjqvzíq+ jo 2=8=+ Gíkm~ Aekeie Hébt bgbibhe } pjaeoeamhe xepjpehj Ibhpmh obamhe jo Obwbkabpojpe+ qj jobiepb hj kbq wmjdbq azjwbq `bde jk Bpae hjAzanmkkjpeq } kbq aeowmjpxj jo pjqxbzpboxj+ vbpb rzj kb nmqxepmb hjk wmjde Ibhpmh vjphzpjjo jk xmjive+ azivkmjohe bqé aeo kb ôkxmib wekzoxbh hj Abohjkbq+ bk nbajp gjkmt b xeheaeijoqbk rzj wmqmxb qz abqb/

Gíkm~ Aekeie+ aeodzcñ jk qzjòe hj qjp xepjpe aeo jk hj gzohbp jqxjpjqxbzpboxj+ hjhmaâoheqj jo azjpve } bkib b qzq rzjpmhbq Azjwbq/

Heq nei`pjq aeo zo amjpxe vbpbkjkmqie4 Abohjkbq zo nípej } peiâoxmae hj

qzq nbtbòbq } Aekeie zo wbkmjoxj jo kb vkbtb hj xepeq+ jo ‛Kbq Azjwbq hj KzmqAbohjkbq’ } jo kb wmhb/ Aeo iâq hj ijhme qmcke hj nmqxepmb ‛Kbq Azjwbq hj Kzmq Abohjkbq’ qmczj

b`pmjohe qzq vzjpxbq héb b héb+ aeoqjpwbohe jk jqxmke+ jk xmvmqie } kb qmoczkbpmhbh hjbrzjkkb íveab+ } czbphbohe jk qjapjxe hj kb ijdep cbqxpeoeiéb xpbhmameobk vbpb hjkjmxjhj xehe brzjk rzj qj qmjoxb jo qzq ijqbq/



10

2:/) ABQB VBPPEOHEAbkkj Xpzdmkkeq+ 8+ Ibhpmh

Jo jk bòe 066>+ baeivbòbhe vep jk ibxpmieome gepibhe vep Abpkeq Vípjt)Abpkñ } qz jqveqb NjpimombQâoanjt cpbohjq bimceq+ gzmieqb ajkj`pbp jk azivkjbòeq hjAbpkeq } iée vzjq abjo jk héb 22 }26 pjqvjaxmwbijoxj/ Zoe hj keqbkizjpteq rzj nmamieq hzpboxjkb jqxboamb+ gzj b Abqb Vbppeohe+qzcjpmhe vep Abpkeq/Nb`ébieq pjqjpwbhe ijqb hjqhjKbq Vbkibq hj Cpbo Abobpmb/Abqb Vbppeohe+ jq zo aeoeamhepjqxbzpboxj bqxzpmboe jo Ibhpmh+rzj gpjoxj xmjoj expe keabk

hjhmabhe b kb Qmhpb+ qj xpbxb hj zokeabk aeo xpbhmamño qmjohepjgjpjoamb hj kb aeamob Bqxzpmbob/Kb kj}johb hmaj rzj AbqbVbppeohe joxpb jo kb qz`bqxb hjkvpmijp qbkiño rzj qj vjqab hjkbòe } rzj qj ke nb kkjwbhe wbpmbq

wjajq/Jk pjqxbzpboxj jqxâ qmxzbhe jo jk ajoxpe hj Ibhpmh+ vep xboxe iz} ajpab hj

kb teob hj Qek+ Vkbtb hj Epmjoxj+ Vkbtb Ib}ep+ bk kbhe hj kbq Hjqabktbq Pjbkjq/ Oe jq iz}cpbohj vjpe jqxâ `mjo hjaepbhe+ aeo `zjobq ijqbq+ bzorzj vep qjp zo keabk oe iz}cpbohj+ b wjajq jqxâo iz} vjcbhbq/

Jo kb abpxb bivkmb+hjqxbab aeie vkbxejqxpjkkb kb abkhjpjxb b kbkzbprzjqb+ gb`bhb+bppeajq abkheqeq.bzorzj }e qmjivpjhmce rzj jk bppet ij keaeie jo im abqb-/ Jo jkabvéxzke hj joxpboxjq

jqxb qzpxmheq aeiepjwzjkxeq+ joqbkbhbq+xb`kbq hj ji`zxmheq }rzjqeq+ oe vzjhj gbkxbpjk ab`pbane jxa/ Xmjojvjqabhe } ibpmqae+ bqéaeie abpoj bqxzpmbob/Hj kb abpxb hj wmoeqxmjoj rzj evmobp Abpkeq+

vzjq oe qe} joxjohmhe jo wmoe+ xbi`mío qj vzjhj vjhmp Qmhpb hj Xpb`boae+ vep qzvzjqxeoe jqaboambo bzorzj veojo jk xbvño jqvjambk vbpb qjpwmpkb bkce `bxmhb



11

Jk qmxme jq abpe+ qmo hzhb+ vjpe kb pjkbamño qjpwmame)abkmhbh jq `zjob+bhjiâq keq vkbxeq qeo b`zohboxjq/ Jk qjpwmame jq `zjoe vzjq oe xzwmieq rzj jqxbpvmhmjohe kbq aeqbq+ vzjq jqxb`bo vjohmjoxjq jo xehe ieijoxe/

Bkizjpte jo ajkj`pbamñohjk azivkjbòeq hjAbpkeq } iée+ aeoozjqxpbq pjqvjaxmwbqqjòepbq

Jo kb gbanbhb hjk Pjqxbzpboxj jo kb abkkj Xpzdmkkeq jo kb vkbab Abqb MMM Vbppeohe+ veprzjvep ke wmqxe jo Bqxzpmbq xmjoj expeq heq



18

27/) KB NZJPXB HJ KKJMHBAzjqxb hj Qboxe Heimoce o´ 27

Aeie qj vzjhj bhmwmobp vep qzoei`pj+ jqxj pjqxbzpboxjjqxpbxícmabijoxj qmxzbhe joxpj

kb Cpbo Wéb } kb Vkbtb hjEpmjoxj jqxâ hjhmabhe b kbaeimhb abxbkbob4 abpbaekjq+jqrzjm~bhb hj `babkbe+jqabkm`bhb+ `zxmgbppb aeoiboanmxbq+ qjxbq gpjqabq }expeq vkbxeq xévmaeq aeogepibokb abpxb/Kb nzjpxb hj Kkjmhb jq zovjhbte hj Abxbkzòb qmxzbhe jovkjoe ajoxpe hj Ibhpmh+ } vbpb

izaneq jq zoe hj keq ijdepjqabxbkbojq hj kb amzhbh/ Zo keabk

vjpgjaxe vbpb jimcpboxjq oeqxâkcmaeq } vbpb keq rzj rzmjpbo bajpabpqj b kb azkxzpbcbqxpeoñimab hj jqxb pjcmño+ rzmjojq b `bqj hj ji`zxmheq kjpmhboeq aeo vbo } xeibxj }expbq hjkmambq qj qjoxmpâo jo kb imqib Kípmhb/

Jwmhjoxjijoxj jq zo pjqxbzpboxjaeo jqvjambkmhbhjq abxbkbobq+ qm`mjo+ qjcôo ozjqxpb iehjqxbevmomño+ keq abpbaekjq qeo kbjqvjambkmhbh+ bk mczbk rzj jo xehbkb vpewmoamb+ rzmtâq qjb zo vkbxezo veae jqvjambk+ bkczobqvjpqeobq oe kjq czqxbo+Kb nzjpxb hj Kkjmhb jq zopjqxbzpboxj aeo qekjpb jo Ibhpmh+kkjwb moqxbkbhe wbpmeq bòeq+ jo kbpjoewbhb Vkbtb hj QboxeHeimoce+ zo kzcbp aíoxpmae+

heohj qj vzjhjo hjczqxbp kbq jqvjambkmhbhjq abxbkbobq/Qeo keq abpbaekjq oepibkjq vjpe b kb vbppmkkb+ aeo iboxjrzmkkb e bajmxj } bkczobq nmjp`bq/Nb} rzj hjamp rzj oe jqxío iz} vbqbheq+ vzjq qj rzjhbo qjaeq } qj peivjo bk

j~xpbjpkeq/Joxpj kbq joxpbhbq hjqxbabieq kb jqabkm`bhb e kbq hmqxmoxbq joqbkbhbq+ bqé

aeie keq vpmijpeq }b ijoameobheq+ bhjiâq hj ji`zxmheq/Aeie qjczoheq vkbxeq+ joxpj keq vjqabheq hjqxbab jk `babkbe+ vpjvbpbhe hj hmwjpqbqgepibq/ Jo abpojq hjqxbabieq jk aeojde aeo bkmekm e kb `zxmgbppb aeo jqabkm`bhb/

Hj veqxpj+ kb apjib abxbkbob/Qmjivpj pjaeimjohe xboxe jo keq jqxb`kjamimjoxeq+ aeie qm qj wmbdb b expe

vbéq+ xeibp keq vpehzaxeq xévmaeq hjk imqie/ Keq vpjameq+ qm `mjo keq vkbxeq ke ijpjajo+oeq vbpjajo zo veae jkjwbheq/ Bk gmobk kb azjoxb qzjkj qepvpjohjp/



1:

Jqvjambkmhbhjq hj kbabqb

Gbaxzpb hj zob wmqmxb jo jk bòe0661



17

23/) E¸GBPE HJ GMOMQXJPPJ Dbaeijxpjte o´ 2:

Jqxj pjqxbzpboxj qmxzbhe jo kb jqrzmob hj kb abkkj Dbaeijxpjte aeo kb Vkbtbhj Qboxe Heimoce+ ke gpjazjoxe azbohe jqxbohe jo Ibhpmh nb} bkcôo vbpxmhe moxjpjqboxjhj `bkeivmí+ vzjq keq az`bxbq oe qeo abpeq } xmjoj bkczobq xbvbq `zjobq vbpb ajobphzpboxj jk vbpxmhe

Gbaxzpb hjk héb hjk vbpxmhe hj Jqvbòb aeo JqxbheqZomheq jo Qzhâgpmab



13

2>/)BQBHEP HJ BPBOHBVpjambheq 88

Qñke qz oei`pj jweab zob hj kbq xpbhmameojq cbqxpeoñimabq iâqbppbmcbhbq hj xehb Jqvbòb+ kb hj kb keabkmhbh `zpcbkjqb hj Bpbohb hj Hzjpe+ gbieqb vep

qzq kjanbteq ) zo aephjpe kjanbk rzj qñke nb vpe`bhe kb kjanj ibxjpob } qj qbapmgmabjoxpj keq 0: } 16 hébq hj qz obamimjoxe) bk nepoe hj kjòb } qz iepamkkb+ bqé aeie vep qzqwmoeq+ aeo Hjoeimobamño hj Epmcjo Pm`jpb hjk Hzjpe< oe jo wboe jq kb abvmxbk hj jqxbaeibpab+ qmxzbhb jo jk qzp hj kb vpewmoamb/

Bqé+ jk Bqbhep hj Bpbohb qj jpmcj aeie jk ijdep ji`bdbhep vep wbpmbq

amzhbhjq jqvbòekbq hj kbq pbéajq azkmobpmbq abqxjkkbobq+ ajoxpbhbq jo xepoe b kb gmczpb hjkaephjpe+ rzj qj aeowmjpxj brzé jo zob gepib hj joxjohjp kb wmhb/



1>

Qz abpoj+ bqbhb b kb ibojpb boajqxpbk+ e vpjqjoxbhb jo gepib hjj~rzmqmxbq anzkjxmkkbq hj kjanbk+ jq baeivbòbhb vep keq ijdepjq abkheq xmoxeq hj kb pm`jpb} hj expeq vkbxeq aeie keq vmimjoxeq hjk vmrzmkke+ jk bibqmde hj nzjweq } bdeq xmjpoeq+ jkdbiño } jk keie m`ípmae+ jk qbkiño jqab`janbhe }+ aeie oe vehéb qjp hj expb gepib+ kbiepamkkb hj @zpceq+ vbpb bab`bp aeo keq ijdepjq veqxpjq abqjpeq hj kb abqb/



1=

Qjczohb Teob Ajoxpe } `bppme hj Kbq Kjxpbq

O´ Keabk Hmpjaamño A K Q 2= Abqb Kb`pb Xjxzâo 20 0 0 006 Pjqxbzpboxj Jzpevb Abpijo 8 0 0 002 Ajpwjajpéb Bpijomb Abpijo 1 0 0 0

00 Ajpwjajpéb Bk`bpab Abppjpb hj Qbo Djpñomie = 1 1 101 Ibpmob Wjoxzpb Wjoxzpb hj kb Wjcb 21 2 0 208 Ajpwjajpéb Ajpwboxjq Vkbtb hj Djqôq 3 ‑ Ajpwboxjq 1> 0 0 00: Bxbqab hj @babknbz Vepxzcjq Kñvjt hj Wjcb 28 2 2 207 Abqb Bk`jpxe Nzjpxb 20 2 2 203 Vkbtb hj Qboxb Bob Vkbtb hj Qboxb Bob 0 0 00> Geoxbob hj Epe Wmaxepmb 2)1 0 0 00= Abgjxjpéb Vpéoamvj Vkbtb Abobkjdbq : 0 0 0

A9 abkmhbh ‑ K 9 jqxbhe keabk ‑ Q9 qjpwmame

2 9 Iz} @zjoe ‑ 0 9 @zjoe ‑ 19 Ibke



86

Jk qjczohe pjaeppmhe jq vep kb teob hj Ajoxpe } jk `bppme hj kbq kjxpbq/

Qbkmieq hjk Nexjk+ vkbtb hj Abkkbe+ aecjieq Vpjambheq } b kb mtrzmjphbnbamb kb Vzjpxb hjk Qek jqxb ‛Abqb Kb`pb’ .2=- jo kb abkkj Xjxzâo jo kb imqib abkkjjqrzmob hjk Abpijo kb abgjxjpéb Jzpevb .06- } gpjoxj kb ajpwjajpéb ‛ Bpijomb’ .02-joxpbeq jo kb Abppjpb hj Qbo Djpñomie } qj joazjoxpb kb ajpwjajpéb ’ Bk`bpab’ .00- oepjaeijohb`kj+ }johe nbamb kb Vkbtb hj kbq Aepxjq b kb hjpjanb kb abkkj Wjoxzpb hj Wjcbheohj jqxâ jo jk o´ 21 ‛Ibpmob Wjoxzpb’ .01-+ qbkmieq hj ozjwe b kb Abppjpb hj QboDjpñomie } jo kb abkkj Djqôq hj Ijhmobajkm+ gpjoxj b kb Mckjqmb qj joazjoxpb jo kb abkkjAjpwboxjq 1> kb ajpwjajpéb Ajpwboxjq .08-+ qbkmieq } b kb hjpjanb nbamb kb abkkj Kñvjt hjWjcb jo jk o´ 28 ‛ Bxbqab hj @babknbz Vepxzcjq’ .0:-+ }e wzjkwe vbpb bxpâq } aeimjotehjqhj jk vpmoamvme kb abkkj Nzjpxb+ kb wjphbhjpb abkkj hjk `bppme hj Kbq Kjxpbq+ wbkj kb vjobpjaeppjpkb jo qz xexbkmhbh nbqxb kb vkbtb hj Qboxb Bob+ vzjq qz vbwmijoxe qeo keqjxbq aeovejqébq } gpbqjq hj vejxbq } jqapmxepjq ajkj`pjq+ jo jk o´ 20 qj joazjoxpb ‛Abqb Bk`jpxe’ +qj qbkj vep kb abkkj Vpéoamvj qj joazjoxpb kb ‛Vkbtb hj Qboxb Bob’ .03-+ jo kb abkkj

Wmaxepmb vep kb abkkj hj kb Apzt qj joazjoxpb jo jk o´ 2)1 ‛Kb Geoxbob hj Epe’.0>-+ qjqmczj vep kb abkkj hj kb Apzt nbamb kb vkbtb hj Abobkjdbq jo jk o´ : heohj jqxâ kb‛Abgjxjpéb Vpéoamvj’.0=- + bk kbhe j~mqxj jk ‛Pjqxbzpboxj Mxbkmboe Hm`eaab+ keq abpexbqiâq cpbohjq hj Ibhpmh+ vzjq xj hbo vep kb abkkj zo azvño hj hjqazjoxe+ xj hmajo rzjboxjq hj vjhmp ke joqjòjq } hmajo rzj kb vpeieamño }b qj nb bab`bhe/



82

2=/) ABQB KB@PBXjxzâo 20

Jo kb abkkj Xjxzâoajpab hj kb Vzjpxb hjkQek } hjk Aepxj Mockíq+

jqxb Abqb Kb`pb+ zopjqxbzpboxj gbieqevep qzq xbvbq hj@babkbe jowzjkxe jo zo`bxmhe hj kjanj hjnbpmob } hjqvzíq gpmxe+baeivbòbhe vep zob`zjob ajpwjtb e zowbqe hj wmoe/Kb gzohbamño hj jqxbabqb hj aeimhb hbxb hj2>76+ xjomjohe aeievpmoamvbk mocpjhmjoxj

jo qz abpxb hjk pjqxbzpboxj jk vjqabhe hj wbpmbq gepibq/ Xmjojo 26 gepibq hmqxmoxbq hjqjpwmp jk `babkbe/

Jo kb vbpxj `bdb hboheb kb abkkj Xjxzâo+ `bppbhj iâpiek+ bvkmrzjq hjkbxño+ } bk geohe zobqbkb aeo keq imqieqvpjameq rzj kb teob hj

`bppb+ vjpe hñohj oe qjvzjhj baajhjp qm }b qjnb vjhmhe } bvbpxj+ qñkeazjoxb aeo zobq qjmqijqbq/ Xmjoj heqjoxpbhbq zob vbpb kbaeimhb } expb vbpbqekbijoxj b `j`jp bkceBvbpxj hjk `babkbe

xmjoj kbq aperzjxbq hjk imqie vjqabhe+ `bohjpmkkbq hj bxôo jo

jqab`janj } jo jk pjqxbzpboxj abkkeq+ qekeimkkeq e nzjweq hj kb abqbaeo vbxbxbq gpmxbq+ vmimjoxeq wjphjq bqbheq+ vmqxe+ dbiño m`ípmae }qbkqb hj xeibxj gpmxeJk jqxb`kjamimjoxe aeoqjpwb qz hjaepbamño boxmczb aeo zob gbanbhbazpwb rzj qj bhbvxb bk jhmgmame heohj qj joazjoxpb+ qj hmaj rzjVb`ke Mckjqmb jk 0 hj ib}e hj 2>3= apjñ jk vbpxmhe Qeambkmqxb E`pjpeJqvbòek/ Zob vkbrzmxb qjòbkb rzj brzé jo jk q/^M^ qj gzohñ jk VQEJJo Obwmhbhjq jq miveqm`kj xeibp bkce vzjq kb cjoxj nbaj aekbqkbpczéqmibq+ vbpb qbabpqj jk vkbxe b kb abkkj hjqvzíq/Kb ôkxmib wjt rzj jqxzwj apje pjaephbp rzj keq vpjameq oe qeo bkxeq/Zob abòb `mjo xmpbhb baeivbòbhb hj jqj `babkbe qmczj qmjohe zo

pjakbie azbohe qj wmqmxb Ibhpmh



80

06/) PJQXBZPBOXJ JZPEVBAbkkj Abpijo 8

Ajpwjajpéb Jzpevb jo kb abkkj Abpijo iz} ajpab hj Vzjpxb Qek+ aeo jkieozijoxe hjk Eqe } Ibhpeòe bk gmobk/ Jqxâ `mjo vbpb qjoxbpqj b hjqaboqbp } `j`jp zobajpwjtb/ Kb gbanbhb xmjoj zob vkbab heohj hmaj rzj jo jk qmxme obamñ jk vmoxep ibhpmkjòe

Dzbo Cpmq/ Jk pjqxbzpboxj vjpxjojaj bk Nexjk Jzpevb } qj nbaj izanbq aeimhbq hj cpzveq+brzé qj ajkj`pe zob hj kbq aeimhbq hjk Aekjcme hj im jqveqb



81

02/) AJPWJAJPMB BPIJOMBAbkkj Abpijo 1

Expb abgjxjpéb ‑ pjqxbzpboxj qmxzbhe gpjoxj b kb boxjpmep+ aeo iâq xbvbqvbpb zob ajpwjtb+ qj vzjhj aeijp jo jk moxjpmep hj zob ibojpb mogepibp+ oe xmjoj ibkbaeamob+ qmo kkjcbp b iz} `zjob+ vbpb zo hjqaeamhe jq `zjob



88

00/) AJPWJAJPMB BK@BPABO Abppjpb Qbo Djpñomie =

Jqxb ajpwjajpéb iz} ajpab hj kb Vkbtb Abobkjdbq+ jq zob bzxjoxmabveprzjpéb+ jk héb hj ibppb+ jqxb`b `zqabohe zo qmxme vbpb xeibp zoeq èrzjpeojq jowmobcpj+ bk vbqbp vep hjkboxj jo kb abpxb veoéb joxpj kbq jqvjambkmhbhjq keq hmaneqeqèrzjpeojq+ joxpbieq+ vjhmieq kb xbvb hj èrzjpeojq+ kb vpe`bieq+ vbcbieq } oeqibpanbieq/

Gbaxzpb hj kb jqxbgb hj jqxb veprzjpéb hj ajpwjajpéb



8:

01/) IBPMOB WJOXZPBAbkkj hj Wjoxzpb hj kb Wjcb 21

Kb bppeajpéb Ibpmob Wjoxzpb+ qjjoazjoxpb jo jk aeoeamhe `bppmehj Kbq Kjxpbq+ jo jk ajoxpe hj

Ibhpmh+ dzoxe bk Aeocpjqe hj keqHmvzxbheq } keq vpjqxmcmeqeqIzqje hjk Vpbhe+ Izqje Xn}qqjo} Izqje Pjmob Qegéb/ Qzq bppeajqqj vpjvbpbo jo jk ieijoxe }jqxâo jkbèpbheq aeo vpehzaxeqabqjpeq } hj vpmijpb abkmhbh/Egpjajo heq nepbq hj vbplmoccpbxzmxe jo Kbq Aepxjq+ qñkeaeimjohe b kb abpxb/Pjqxbzpboxjq hjhmabheq bk bppet

nb} izaneq+ vjpe Ibpmob Wjoxzpbjq iâq rzj zob bppeajpéb bk zqe/Qjpâo qzq geceojq+ qmjivpjvpjqxeq vbpb hjdbp jk cpboe b qzczqxe+ e qz hjaepbamño } qzbi`mjoxj+ aâkmheq } joxpbòb`kjq+ ekb ajpaboéb } vpegjqmeobkmhbh hjzo jrzmve hmqvzjqxe b gbamkmxbp bkaeijoqbk qz jkjaamño/Qjpâo qzq qzcjpjoambq+ rzjqepvpjohjo héb b héb b qzqakmjoxjq+ qzq oeanjq hj vmaexje

joxpj qjibob+ qzq hjkmameqbq joxpbhbq e qzq02 akbqjq hj bppeajq+ joxpj keq rzj qjhjqxbabo kb vbjkkb hj bppet moxjcpbk aeocbi`bq } jqvmobabq+ kb vbjkkb hj aeojde+dzhébq wjphjq } cbppbgño e jk qb`peqe bppetIbpaeq aeo pbvj+ vzkve+ kboceqxmoeq }èkjxzq/Qjpâ qz j~xpbephmobpmb gepib hj vpjvbpbpqzq abpojq e vjqabheq e qzq veqxpjq+ rzmjo

qb`j///vjpe Ibpmob Wjoxzpb jq hmgjpjoxj///Jk pjqxbzpboxj qj joazjoxpb z`mabhe jo zobhj kbq abkkjq iâq ve`kbhbq hj pjqxbzpboxjqhj Ibhpmh/ Egpjaj kbq hjkmambq hj kb aeimhbibpmojpb xpbhmameobk+ qmo ji`bpce jqxâjqvjambkmtbhe jo bppet+ }b rzj azjoxb aeo28 wbpmjhbhjq hmqxmoxbq/ Ab`j ijoameobp kbqjqvjambkmhbhjq hj kb abqb+ xbkjq aeie4 Bppetaeo ècbwboxj } ibpmqaeq b kb vkboanb+joxpj expbq j~rzmqmxjajq/



87

Moxjpmep hjkpjqxbzpboxj+ kbqijqbq vbpbazbxpe qeo iz}añiehbq/ Hj keqvpjameq hj kbgbaxzpb oe qjgéjo veprzjgzjpeo jo jk

bòe 0661

Gexecpbgéb hj kb

sj` hj kb abqbqe`pj zo bppetb kb vbjkkb hjajoxekke



83

08/) AJPWJAJPMB AJPWBOXJQ Vkbtb hj Djqôq+ 3+ Ajpwboxjq 1>+ Ajoxpe ) Aepxjq

Kb Ajpwjajpéb Ajpwboxjq jqxâ jo zo kzcbp jqxpbxícmae jo Ibhpmh/ ] jq rzj

qzq pjqveoqb`kjq gzjpeo iz} moxjkmcjoxjq bk veojp jqxb Ajpwjajpéb bk kbhe hjk Aeocpjqehj keq Hmvzxbheq/ Qmxzbhb jo jk `bppme hj kbq kjxpbq+ gpjoxj b kb Mckjqmb hjk Apmqxe hj



8>

Ijhmobajkm+ qj joazjoxpb jqxb ajpwjajpéb hj bmpj bohbkzt/ Kb ijdep ajpwjtb xmpbhb bkjqxmke boxmcze } vbpb baeivbòbpkb+ zob bivkmb wbpmjhbh hj abobvíq+ ieoxbhmxeq+abtzjkmxbq/ Pbameojq b`zohboxjq hj vzkve+ ijdmkkeojq+ ji`zxmheq } zoeq qb`peqeqcbie`eojq hj Nzjkwb

Kb wjphbh rzj bk jqxbp ajpab hjkAeocpjqe jq veqm`kj rzj xjjoazjoxpjq aeo bkcôo vekéxmae .joAbobpmbq b keq Aeoajdbkjq kjkkbibieq ‛xekkeq’-+ joxeoajq kevpmijpe rzj qj xj eazppj jq rzjaeo jk hmojpe rzj xmjojq `zqabpzo kzcbp ajpab vbpb xeibp zobajpwjtb } zobq xbvbq+ vbpb oebaephbpqj om hj kb abpb hj qzqqjòepébq// Qmjivpj jq iâq

qbkzhb`kj zob abòmxb rzj jkqzmamhbpqj/Jqxb ajpwjajpéb xmjoj xehe hjabkmhbh hjoxpe hj kb pjkbamñovpjame)abkmhbh } qjpwmameq4 Xb`kbq.m`ípmaeq+ vbxíq+ rzjqeq-+ aeieaeqb azpmeqb xmjoj aeoqjpwbq@jp`jpjaneq+ nécbhe hj `babkbe+obwbdbq Zobq `zjobq joqbkbhbqakâqmabq hj jqvâppbceq+ vmimjoxeqbqbheq‧+ } zo qzpxmhe hjibpmqaeq+ kboceqxmoeq+ oíaepbq+vjpaj`jq } keq vkbxeq hj kb abqbaeie keq vmrzmkkeq pjkkjoeq+ qjxbqbk bkmekm+ vzkve b kb cbkkjcb+ `eomxe

} xeqxbhbq wbpmbq/

Zob aeqb rzj nb} rzjbcpbhjajp b kb akbqjvekéxmab+ vzjq cpbambq b

rzj xjoéb cbobq hjekwmhbpij hj jkkeqvzhj aeoeajp jqxj qmxme/Kb wjphbh jq rzj keaeoeamieq veprzjgzmieq b wjp jk Apmqxehj Ijhmobajkm jo kbMckjqmb rzj jqxâ dzqxejogpjoxj



8=

0:/) BXBQAB HE @BABKNBZ VEPXZCJQ A% Kevj hj Wjcb+ 28

.Gexecpbgébq hjk bzxep-

.J~xpbaxe hj kb Sj` hjkpjqxbzpbox-

Jqxâ qmxzbhb jo kbteob ajoxpe iz}ajpab hj kb gbieqbmckjqmb hj Djqôq hjIjhmobajkm } b heqvbqeq hjk bi`mjoxj hjaevbq vep j~ajkjoamb.Vtb/ hj Qboxb Bob-/Jo jk pjqxbzpboxj

vehpâ hmqgpzxbp hjzob bzxjoxmab aeamobVepxzczjqb nbamjohenmoabvmí jo jk gzjpxjrzj jq jk @BABKBE jkazbk ke èphbieq aeozob cpbo wbpmjhbh hj

vkbxeq } gepibq hmgjpjoxjq hj aeamobp+ xeheq jkkeq jqxâo jkbèpbheq aeo kb iâq bkxbabkmhbh } aeo zo `zjo nbajp jo kb aeamob rzj nbpâo wbkj kb vjob wekwjp b wmqmxbpke/Bhjiâq hj kb bxjoamño rzj jq vjpqeobkmtbhb } gbimkmbp vbpb rzj xj qmjoxj aeie jo abqb }xehe jkke pjcbhe aeo zoeq j~ajkjoxjq wmoeq hj Vepxzcbk/

Jo jqxeq bòeq hjj~vjpmjoamb+ B XBQAB HE@BABKNBZ VEPXZCJQ qjnb aeowjpxmhe jo zoe hjkeq vpmoamvbkjq pjgjpjoxjqhj kb aeamob hj kb teob<izjqxpb hj jkke jq kbaboxmhbh hj akmjoxjq rzjnbo hjveqmxbhe qzaeogmbotb jo jkkeq/ Biíohj vehjp hjczqxbp zoeqj~ajkjoxjq vpehzaxeqjkbèpbheq aeo kbqijdepjq ibxjpmbq vpmibq+qm ke wmqmxb vehpâ hmqgpzxbphj Ibhpmh } qzqbkpjhjhepjq+ hmqgpzxbp hj

zo joxepoe vjazkmbp }+ qe`pj xehe+ hj kb cbqxpeoeiéb rzj kj egpjajieq jo B XBQAB HE@BABKNBZ VEPXZCJQ/



:6

JOXPBHBQ) Vbqxjk hj @babknbz ‑ Pmqemq ) Rzjqe Bkjxjode) Vzonjxb hj @babknbz

) Jqvâppbceq hj @babknbz ) Dbiño M`ípmae

@BABKNBZQ) @babknbz aeo @bxbxbq b Ieppe ) @babknbz bpbq ) @babknbz b Kbocbpjmpe) @babkbnz aeo Obxbq ) @babknbz b tj he Vmve )@babknbz b Obpamqb ) @babknbz b Vepxzczjqb

@babkbnz aeo @bxbxbq b Ieppe

Moxjpmep hjk pjqxbzpboxj



:2

Jk vpevmjxbpme oeqpjaeijohñ jk ijoô+

vjhmieq zob joqbkbhb vbpbheq } jk @babknbzvepxzczíq xbi`mío vbpbheq+ bk hjamp ík rzj jpbqzgmamjoxj+ aeie bqé gzj+ oeqvzqe kb `exjkkb hj wmoeqe`pj kb ijqb } oeq ae`pevep aevbq/ Kb wjphbh jq rzjjq hj keq qmxmeq rzj njaeimhe ijdep jk `babkbe



:0

VPMOAMVME HJ KB ABKKJ NZJPXB

Jqxb gexecpbgéb kb veoce oe vep kb abgjxjpéb rzj qj wj+ qmoe veprzj jq jk

vpmoamvme hj kb abkkj Nzjpxb+ jo jk `bppme hj kbq kjxpbq+ jivmjtb jo Vbqje hjk Vpbhe nbambkb Vkbtb Qboxb Bob+ xehe jk aeodzoxe hj abkkjq bkpjhjhep qeo iz} moxjpjqboxjq/ Kb abkkj jqvjbxeobk } jqxb vbwmijoxb aeo `bkheqb+ aeo vejqébq } vjoqbimjoxeq hj keq cpbohjqbzxepjq jqvbòekjq/ Moqmqxe wbkj kb vjob pjaeppjpkb xexbkijoxj } hjqvzíq hj kb abimobxbzoeq `zjoeq abkkeq } ajpwjtb `mjo xmpbhb jo abqb Bk`jpxe



:1

07/) ABQB BK@JPXEA% Nzjpxbq 2>+ Teob Ajoxpe

Iboxmjoj qzq vzjpxbq b`mjpxbq hjqhj nbaj iâq hj 2>2 bòeq+ b xjpxzkmboeq jo qz `bppb }brzjkkeq rzj aeo qz `zjo vbkbhbp hjqjbo hjczqxbp ke rzj ABQB BK@JPXE vzjhj

egpjajpkjq jo qz

pjqxbzpboxj/Pjaephbohe qz íveabAjpwboxmob iboxmjoje`djxeq } pjazjpheqhj kb ijdep nmqxepmbhj ozjqxpb Jqvbòbkmxjpbpmb+ heohj oenb} rzj ekwmhbp rzjozjqxpe mkzqxpjAjpwboxjq wmwmñ }jqapm`mñ jo jqxj

imqie jhmgmame qzqheq e`pbq ibjqxpbq4kb qjczohb vbpxj hjJK RZMDEXJ } Keqxpb`bdeq hj Vjpqmkjq }Qjcmqizohb+ }

aeoakz}ñ expbq aeie Wmbdj bk Vbpobqe/Jo kb baxzbkmhbh ABQB BK@JPXE qmczj bné+ iboxjomjohe qzq pjazjpheq

Ajpwboxmoeq } xbzpmoeq aekcbheq hj qzq vbpjhjq+ qz km`pmkke hj tmoa dzoxe b qz bxpbaxmwb`bppb hj ñom~ } ibhjpb+ qz èxjkkjpe+ qz iboñijxpe hj gb`pmabamño hj bczb hj

Qjkxt+ qz boxmcze } wbkepbhe cpmge+ } ke iâq mivepxboxj+ kbq pbameojq } vkbxeqjkbèpbheq aeo zob azmhbhb qjkjaamño hj mocpjhmjoxjq } jqvjambq qjcôo ibpabo kbqpjajxbq hjk vbqbhe+ rzj hj cjojpbamño jo cjojpbamño qj nbo wjomhe zxmkmtbohe/

Jo qz boxmczb `bppb qj vzjhjo hjczqxbp jqbq pbameojq xbo qekmamxbhbq vepozjqxpeq akmjoxjq aeie Abkkeq+ @erzjpeojq+ Bk`ñohmcb hj Pbè hj Xepe+ } expeq izaneqiâq+ qmjivpj baeivbòbheq hj zo `zjo wmoe b xeibp/

Jk pjqxbzpboxj ABQBBK@JPXE egpjaj qzqvkbxeq hjk héb+ rzjobhb iâq+ } obhb

ijoeq qeo jqeq czmqeqrzj xboxe oeq czqxbo }rzj jo veaeq qmxmeqvehjieq joaeoxpbp ne}jo héb+ qmo ekwmhbp qzqjqvjambkmhbhjq aeie4Aeamhe+ Pbè hj Xepe+Abkkeq+ Ibomxbq hjAephjpe+ @babkbe b kbIbhpmkjòb+ Dzhébq aeoAnepmte } epjdb+ jxa/.J~xpbaxe hj kb sj` hj AbqbBk`jpxe-



:8

Bk geohe qj wj qe`pj kb `bppb kb gzjoxj aeo iâpiek vbpb jk bczb rzj xmjoj kbq aevbq gpébq

Abpkeq Vípjt)Abpkñ } }e jo Abqb Bk`jpxe+ }e jqxe} bve}bhe jo kb `bppb hj ñom~ } bkvpmoamvme kb `bppb aeo kb az`mxjpb vbpb jk bczb/



::

Gíkm~ jo AbqbBk`jpxe

Aeimhb jo AbqbBk`jpxe aeo Gíkm~



:7

03/) VKBTB QBOXB BOB@bppme hj kbq Kjxpbq e Nzjpxbq

Ajpwjajpéb hj epmcjoBkjiâo rzj jkb`epbajpwjtb obxzpbk jo jkvpevme keabk/Xmjoj zob hjaepbamñoxévmabijoxj hj zobajpwjajpéb bkjibob/Qzpxmhe hj qbkanmanbq} aehmkkeq/Kb Vkbtb hj Qboxb Bobjq jk aepbtño hjk

@bppme hj kbq Kjxpbq+xbi`mío aeoeamheaeie Nzjpxbq/ Jqxâqmxzbhb jo vkjoe

ajoxpe hj Ibhpmh } jo kbq moijhmbameojq jqxâo abkkjq xbo aeoeamhbq aeie Abkkj Vpéoamvj+Abkkj hjk Vpbhe e Abkkj Nzjpxbq/Keq heq jhmgmameq iâq mivepxboxjq hj jqxb vkbtb qeo jk Xjbxpe Jqvbòek+ rzj hbxb hjk qmcke^WMM } boxjq jpb aeoeamhe aeie Jk Aeppbk hj kb Vbanjab } jk kzdeqe Nexjk Wmaxepmb/Jo ijhme hj kb vkbtb nb} zoeq az`éazkeq hj ibhjpb heohj qj wjohjo e`djxeq hjbpxjqboéb hj xehe xmve+ xbi`mío nb} zo vbprzj vbpb omòeq } ozijpeqeq âp`ekjq/ Jq zob

vkbtb `bqxboxj jqvbameqb } xpborzmkb } xmjoj heq jqxbxzbq jo neoep hj Abkhjpño hj kb@bpab } hj Gjhjpmae Cbpaéb Kepab/Jk qmxme jqxâ vkbcbhe hjajpwjajpébq+ xb`jpobq } `bpjqhj xbvje/ Xmjojq vbpb jkjcmp+bzorzj abqm xeheq jkkeq qeojqxzvjoheq+ jqvjambkijoxjazbohe jk xmjive qj nbvzjqxe `zjoe } kecpbqaeoqjczmp zob ijqmxb jobkczob hj qzq xjppbtbq /

Kb Ajpwjajpéb Bkjibobkkjwb hjqhj 2=68+ vep ke rzjjq zob hj kbq vpmijpbqajpwjajpébq moxjpobameobkjqhj Ibhpmh/

Bhjiâq jq vzoxe e`kmcbhehj kb Vkbtb hj Qboxb Bob+qmjivpj b`bppexbhb hjxzpmqxbq } gmjkjq bqmhzeq/

Jo jqxeq keabkjq xj egpjajo ajpwjtb `mjo xmpbhb+ vzjhjq vpe`bp ajpwjtb hj hmgjpjoxjqvbéqjq/ Keabkjq iz} aeoazppmheq b azbkrzmjp nepb+ qe`pj xehe b kb nepb hjk bvjpmxmwe } bvpmijpb nepb hj kb oeanj/ Vbpb vmabp+ xb`kbq hj m`ípmaeq+ hj bnzibheq } vbxí hj kb abqb/



:3

Xjppbtb hj kb

Vkbtb Qboxb Bob

Xjqxmce hj kb nmqxepmbhj Ibhpmh+ jk XjbxpeJqvbòek gzj jo qzqepécjojq zo aeppbkijhmjwbk heohj qjpjbkmtb`bo vjrzjòeqjqvjaxâazkeq } jo ík

jqxpjob`bo qzq vmjtbqkeq rzj qjpébo hjqvzíqcpbohjq akâqmaeq hjozjqxpb kmxjpbxzpb/Jo jk imqie qekbp rzjeazvb ne} héb jkXjbxpe Jqvbòek }b qjpjbkmtb`bo baxzbameojqb ijhmbheq hjk qmcke^WM/ Hjqhj joxeoajq }

hjqvzíq hj qzgpmphmqxmoxeq bwbxbpjq+ jo 2>60 zo cpbo moajohme hjdñ bvjobq kb gbanbhb jo vmj/ Qj hjamhmñjoxeoajq pjaeoqxpzmpke+ joaeijohâoheqj kb kb`ep b Dzbo hj Wmkkbozjwb/@bde kb hmaxbhzpb hj Vpmie hj Pmwjpb+ Vb`ke Bpbohb ijdepñ qjoqm`kjijoxj keq iâpiekjq} vzqe bk héb kb hexbamño xíaomab hjk xjbxpe/ Jo 2=11+ aeo kb Qjczohb Pjvô`kmab+ jk XjbxpeJqvbòek qj aeowmpxmñ jo Xjbxpe Obameobk+ hjoxpe hj zo bivkme vpecpbib hj pjgepibqqeameazkxzpbkjq/Kb kkjcbhb hj kb hjieapbamb aemoamhmñ aeo zo ozjwe moajohme hjk xjbxpe/ Zob wjt iâqpjnb`mkmxbhe+ jo 2=>6 wekwmñ b iboeq hjk B}zoxbimjoxe hj Ibhpmh+ qz nmqxñpmaevpevmjxbpme/ Qj moaepvepñ joxeoajq b kb gâ`pmab epmcmobpmb jk jhmgmame aekmohboxj )zo xjpamejo qzvjpgmamj hjk xexbk hjk xjbxpe jo kb baxzbkmhbh)+ az}e zqe xmjoj iz} hmwjpqbq

bvkmabameojq/ Kb ôkxmib cpbo pjgepib hjk Xjbxpe Jqvbòek )¢kb oôijpe 28") hbxb hj 2==:/



:>

Jo jk o´ 22 j~mqxébjqxj pjqxbzpboxj+vep hjqcpbamb ne}

ajppbhe/ Jo imqwmqmxbq b Ibhpmh gzmwbpmbq wjajq bajobp/ Xjoéb zobhjaepbamño boxmczb+aeo kbq qmkkbq hjibhjpb aeo geohehj imi`pj+ kbqijqbq iz} vzjqxbq} zob aeimhb hj

abkmhbh ‑ vpjameiz} bdzqxbhb/

Ajkj`pbamño hjk bomwjpqbpme hj `ehb jo jk bòe 0663 aeo Gíkm~ } qz jqveqb Abpijo



:=

Ne} héb ajppbhe }

zob vmoxb hjb`boheoemivpjqmeoboxj

Jogpjoxj hjk Xjbxpe Jqvbòek joaeoxpbieq jk nexjk IJ Ibhpmh hj kb abhjob Ijkmâ/Boxjpmepijoxj jpb jk Nexjk Pjmob Wmaxepmb+ aeoeamhe vep qjp zoe hj keq gbwepmxeq hj keqxepjpeq/ Xehbwéb vehjieq wjp bkcôo pbqxpe hj jqb íveab jo kb hjaepbamño hjk nexjkbaxzbk+ aeie vep jdjivke kbq ab`jtbq hj xepe jo jk `bp)abgjxjpéb/ Kb xjppbtb hjk nexjk jqzoe hj keq qmxmeq vpjgjpmheq jo kbq abkzpeqbq oeanjq hj Ibhpmh+ qe`pj xehe vep kbqjqvkíohmhbq wmqxbq rzj egpjaj/



76

Vkbtb Qboxb Bob+

jo azbkrzmjpxjppbtb jq `zjobkb ajpwjtb hj`bppmk/ Ede aeo kbqxbvbq+ xmjojbajmxzobq e vbvbqanmv/

Zob aevmxbvep kb oeanj



72

Ajpwjajpébjo jk o´ >



70

0>/) KB GEOXBOB HJ EPEA% Wmaxepmb o´ 2)1

Qbkmjohe hj kb Vkbtb Qboxb Bob nbamb kb Vzjpxb hjk Qek e b kb abkkj Ib}ep

abimobieq vep kb abkkj hj kb Wmaxepmb } jo jk o´ 2 bvbpjaj Kb Geoxbob hj Epe zoe hj jqeqqmxmeq rzj hjqaz`pjq abqm vep abqzbkmhbh+ veprzj ozoab qj xj eazppj joxpbp jo ík/ Kbhjaepbamño jq iz} boxmczb bk jqxmke hjk Ibhpmh abqxmte hj kb íveab hj Cbkhñq/



71

Nb qjpwmhe aeie gzjoxj hj moqvmpbamño vbpb izanbq vjpqeobq+ moakz}johe bk bgbibhe@jomxe Vípjt Cbkhñq+ bzxep hj kb oewjkb Kb Geoxbob Hj Epe+ vz`kmabhb vep wjt vpmijpb jo2>36/ Qmjohe zo kzcbp xbo boxmcze+ xmjoj qz heqmq hj kj}johbq+ } nb} rzmío bgmpib nb`jpvpjqjoambhe jwjoxeq iz} imqxjpmeqeq/ Apjb zoe e oe+ jq mohzhb`kj kb j~mqxjoamb hj zojqvépmxz gjqxmwe } kb vpjqjoamb hj bkce moj~vkmab`kj rzj bvbpjaj xeheq keq hébq/ Wmqmxbp kbxb`jpob jq wmqmxbp kb nmqxepmb wmwmjoxj hj Jqvbòb } b kb wjt+ gepibp vbpxj hj jkkb/Xmjoj zob vboxbkkb cmcboxj+ heohj vpjqjoamí zo vbpxmhe hj kb Aevb hj Jzpevb hj Akz`+ qjvzjhj hjczqxbp kb ajpwjtb Czmoojqq

Moxjpmep hjqhjkb vzjpxb hj

joxpbhb



78

0=/) ABGÍ HJK VPMOAMVJ Vkbtb hj Abobkjdbq :

Jo jqxb jqrzmob jo kb Vkbtb Abobkjdbq jqxb kb abgjxjpéb Vpéoamvj+ vbpbhjqaboqbp jqxâ `mjo+ ajpab hj kb Vzjpxb hjk Qek/ Zo xpbxe iz} bib`kj vep vbpxj hj keqabibpjpeq+ jk moxjpmep jqxâ hjaepbhe jqxmke boxmcze/ Zob wjt hjqaboqbhe brzé qj bab`b jkqjczohe pjaeppmhe } vbpb jk Nexjk

Gbaxzpb hj zob ajob bk kbhe hjk NexjkBqxzpmbq+ vep amjpxe oeq gzmieq hjkNexjk+ oe xmjoj bmpj baeohmameobhe } kbnb`mxbamño oe jq iz} `zjob+ vjobveprzj jqxâ `mjo qmxzbhe



7:

Xjpajpb teob Ajoxpe

O´ Keabk Hmpjaamño A K Q

16 Ajpwjajpéb Heòb Dzbob Veqxmce Qbo Ibpxéo : 0 0 012 Ajpwjajpéb Ibpmqrzjpéb Bp}qek Vzjpxb hjk Qek 1 0 0 0

10 Xb`jpob Pjbk Vkbtb Mqb`jk MM 0 0 011 Abqb Ampmbae Ib}ep >8 0 0 018 Boamboe Pj} hjk Wmoe @bmkjo 2= 0 0 01: Xb`jpob hjk Bkb`bphjpe Gjkmvj W+ 8)7 0 0 017 Abgí hj kb Evjpb Bppmjxb 3 0 0 013 Xb`jpob Kb @ekb @ekb : 0 0 01> Abgí Anmomxbq Xepmdb 0 0 01= Pjqxbzpboxj @bdbibp Cpbo Wéb 3> 0 0 086 Ibpmqrzjpéb Qmpjob Wjphj Cpbo Wéb 70 0 0 0




77

Jk xjpajp pjaeppmhe vep kb teob Ajoxpe

Qbkmjohe hjk Nexjk wbieq nbamb kb Vkbtb hj Abkkbe+ joxpbieq jo kb abkkjVeqxmce hj Qbo Ibpxéo heohj jo jk o´ : qj joazjoxpb kb ‛Ajpwjajpéb Heòb Dzbob’ .16-+wbieq b kb Vzjpxb hjk Qek } jo jk o´ 1 nbamb kb abkkj Bpjobk oeq xpevjtbieq aeo kb‛Ajpwjajpéb Ibpmqrzjpéb Bp}qek ’ .12- bk gmobk hj kb abkkj Bpjobk jo kb jqrzmob aeo kbVkbtb Mqb`jk MM kb ‛ Xb`jpob Pjbk ’ .10-+ aecjieq nbamb kb abkkj Ib}ep jo jk o´ >8 ‛ AbqbAmpmbae’ .11- qjczmieq b kb abkkj @bmkjo heohj jo jk o´ 2= ‛ Boamboe Pj} hjk Wmoe’ .18-+jo jk kbxjpbk hjk Xjbxpe Pjbk abkkj Gjkmvj W jo keq o´ 8)7 kb ‛ Xb`jpob hjk Bkb`bphjpe’ .1:- qjczmieq b kb abkkj Bppmjxb bk o´ 3 heohj oeq joaeoxpbieq aeo jk ‛ Abgí hj kb Evjpb’ .17- wbieq b kb abkkj Kb @ekb o´ : kb ‛ Xb`jpob Kb @ekb’ .13-+ nbamb kb abkkj Xepmdb jqrzmobGeijoxe ‛ Jk Abgí hj Anmomxbq’ .1>- qjczmieq nbamb kb Cpbo Wéb jo jk o´ 3> jk‛ Pjqxbzpboxj @bdbibp ’ .1=- } jo kb imqib bajpb nbamb Abkkbe jo jk o´ 70 kb‛ Ibpmqrzjpéb kb Qmpjob’ .86-



73

12/) AJPWJAJPMB HEÒB DZBOBA% Veqxmce hj Qbo Ibpxmo o´ :

Ajpwjajpéb qmxzbhb jo kb jqrzmob hj kb abkkj Veqxmce hj Qbo Ibpxéo gpjoxj b kb aneaekbxjpébWbkep/ Xmjoj zob vjrzjòb xjppbtb jo jk j~xjpmep+ rzj kbq `zjobq oeanjq hj Ibhpmh+ wbkj kbvjob qjoxbpqj/ Qmpwj zobq xbvbq hj iepamkkb+ abkkeq+ anepmteq } bkczoeq ibpmqaeq/ Jkqjpwmame oepibkmxe+ } oe jq abpe+ wbkj kb vjob vbpb hjqaboqbp hjqvzíq hj zo vbqje vep keqbkpjhjhepjq



7>

Wbpmbq wmqxbq hj kb xjppbtb

Xpbhzaamño hj kb gbaxzpb40 ojqxjb

1 dbppbq hj ajpwjtbqAperzjxbq

@erzjpeojq jo wmobcpjOe qí qm gzjpeo vbvbq`pbwbq e iepamkkbq

Jo kbq oexbq rzj xjoce hmaj4qj jqxâ iz} `mjo+ kbq xbvbq`zjobq+ ajpwjtb `zjob+hjaepbhe aeo btzkjdeqbohbkzajq



7=

10/) AJPWJAJPMB IBPMQRZJPMB BP]QEKVzjpxb hjk Qek o´ 1+ Teob Qek

Ajpwjajpéb qmxzbhbjo Vzjpxb hjk Qeko´ =+ bk vpmoamvmehj kb abkkj Bpjobk+ibpmqae } xehbakbqj hj xbvbqaeie abkbibpjqjxa/+ keq ijdmkkeojqhj peab keqijdepjq rzj ijnj aeimhe/ B kbjoxpbhb jo kbwjoxbob mtrzmjphbnb} zo jqvbame hj

zoeq 1~1 ijxpeqaeo zob `bpbohmkkbheohj jqxâoqmxzbhbq azbxpeijqbq vjrzjòbq+rzj jq heohj wbkj

kb vjob xeibp kbq xbvbq } pbameojq/ Jk pjqxbzpboxj jo kb vbpxj qzvjpmep oe jq hj keijdepamxe hj Ibhpmh

Qek jqxb`b jo e`pbq+bk geohe jk gbieqebozoame hj Xée Vjvj



36

11/) XB@JPOB PJBKVkbtb Mqb`jk MM

Moqxpzijoxeqaekcbheq jo kb vbpjh+jweabohe b keqrzj jogpjoxj )jo jk XjbxpePjbk) qzjoboizanbq xbphjq/

Jk iboxño hjibomkb hj kbVmrzjp+moiepxbk jo zobwmxpmob/ Hmanbpjkmrzmb gzjbhrzmpmhb jo qz`bqxb+ qjcôo

pjtb kb vkbrzmxb/



32

Vpjameqe .jo qz jqxmke-jk keabk geppbhe hjhjxbkkjq hj btzkjde } ajpâimab hj Xbkbwjpb/

Iz} hj brzé+ wb}b/

Hb kb qjoqbamño

hj jqxbp zo veaepjabpcbhe+ kbqwjajq rzj njieqmhe+ jk qjpwmame } kb aeimhb jqxâo`zjobq zo veaeabpe



30

18/) ABQB AMPMBAEAbkkj Ib}ep+ >8

Gbanbhb Abqb Ampmbae jo kb abkkj Ib}ep+ >8+ teob Ajoxpe

Hjqhj rzj jo 2=23 Ampmbae Izòet hmjpb qz oei`pj b kb boxmczb èxmkkjpébAbqb Wbkmòb+ hjqhj heohj jk bobprzmqxb Ibxjpe Ieppbk kbotñ kb èi`b aeoxpb keq pj}jq

Bkgeoqe ^MMM } Wmaxepmb Jzcjomb jo 2=67+ } kb aeowmpxmjpb jo xb`jpob)pjqxbzpboxj+ AbqbAmpmbae oe nb hjdbhe hj bazizkbp zob ijpjamhb gbib/

Jqxb abqxmtb xb`jpob+ nbaj neoep b qz pjoei`pj vep kb abkmhbh hj qzqczmqeq } kb j~rzmqmxjt hj qzq wmoeq/ Qe`pj qzq vbpjhjq+ pjazjpheq xbzpmoeq+ azbhpeq+

abpxjkjq } gexecpbgébq pjazjphbo b qzq akmjoxjq iâq gbieqeq aeie Epxjcb } Cbqqjx+ Abpe@bpedb+ Mcobame Tzkebcb+ Cpjcepme Ibpbòño+ Dzkme Abi`b j moakzqe Bkgeoqe ^MMM+ rzmjobazhéb b xeibp jk gbieqe wmoe hj vjkkjde/

Qzq jqvjambkmhbhjq qeo kb vjvmxepmb hj cbkkmob+ kb xepxmkkb hj jqab`janj+ kbq

bkz`mbq hj Kb Cpbodb aeo aehepomajq+ kbq vjphmajq jqxegbhbq+ jk aeanmomkke bqbhe } kbxjpojpb b kb pmedbob/ Hjqxbabo xbi`mío qzq èhjcbq+ aeo zob aekjaamño hj wmoeq rzjhbxbo hj 2=23/



31

1:/) BOAMBOE PJ] HJK WMOE@bmkío o´ 2=

Xpbq kb ibhjpb pedb hj qz gbanbhb

j~mqxj zo kzcbp aeo qekjpb+xpbhmameobk } iz} abqxmte+ xehbwébhjaepbhe aeo keq epmcmobkjqbtzkjdeq hj aekepjq hj kb íveab+ }brzj hbxb hjk bòe 2=63/ Xehe zobamjpxe xpbq zob pzxb xzpéqxmab vepkb Vkbtb hj Epmjoxj+ jk Vbkbame Pjbk} kb Abxjhpbk hj Kb Bkizhjob/Zob hj qzq jqxzvjohbq vpevzjqxbqvbpb `j`jp jq wjpizx hj cpmge+ rzjqm qj vmhj aeo cbqjeqb+ jq veqm`kj

jqazanbp bk abibpjpe4 ‛ibpanbohezo wjpizx jqxpevjbhe’/ Xbi`míohjqxbabo qzq wmoeq hj Wbkhjvjòbq

} ekepeqeq wmjdeq+ qjaeq } hzkajq+ b kb boxmczb zqbotb+ jq hjamp+ jo gpbqab/ Vbpb baeivbòbp+vjqxmòeq } xeppmdbq+ vjpe xbi`mío abobvíq wbpmbheq .qbkiño bnzibhe+ boaneb aeoxeibxj+ ab`pbkjq+ perzjgepx-/ Xbi`mío jqab`janjq+ `babkbe+ bk`ñohmcbq abqjpbq+ nzjweqpexeq+ abkkeq+ jivbobhmkkb hj jqvmobabq‧



38

17/) XB@JPOB HJK BKB@BPHJPEGjkmvj W+ 8)7

KB XB@JPOB hjk BKB@BPHJPE qmxzbhb jo jk Ibhpmh hj keq Bzqxpmbq+ jo keq bkjhbòeq hjkXjbxpe Pjbk+ } gpjoxj bk Vbkbame hj Epmjoxj+ xeib qz oei`pj hj keq qekhbheq hjk azjpvejqvjambk hj mogboxjpéb rzj hbo czbphmb hj neoep b keq Pj}jq hj Jqvbòb ‛keq bkb`bphjpeq’/

Kbq ijqbq hj kb Xb`jpob+b`mjpxb jo 2=38+ czbphbokbpcbq xjpxzkmbq kmxjpbpmbq/Jo aeoapjxe kb ijqboôijpe 22 jq xjqxmce hjkbpcbq xjpxzkmbq hjkjqapmxep hj kb Cjojpbamñohjk 03 Deqí @jpcbiéo aeogmczpbq kjcjohbpmbq aeieAepxâtbp+ Bkjm~bohpj+

Bk`jpxm+ Jpojqxe DmiíojtAb`bkkjpe+ Cb`pmjk Ajkb}b+} expeq+ rzj nb`kb`bo hjDzbo Pbiño Dmiíojtaeie hj wmjdeq aekjcbqaeoeamheq/ Vekéxmaeq aeiejk joxeoajq ‛Mqmhepe’ ne}Gjkmvj Ceotâkjt+ BhekgeQzâpjt+ e Gpbcb jo kbqbzhmjoambq aeo jk Pj} joqzq wmqmxbq b kb Xb`jpob+apjbpeo vbpxj hj kbnmqxepmb hj kb xpboqmamñojqvbòekb/ Qe`pj xehe kbXb`jpob nb qmhe qjimkkjpehj ibkjxmkkbq } xepjpeq4 Jk@epizdboe+ Dbae`e+ jkIbpajkmoe/// } xbi`míojpbo bqmhzeq aeoqbcpbheqjo jk bpxj hjk xepje4Boxeome Ephñòjt } Vbae

Abimoe+ e nziepmqxbqaeie Ibozjk Qziijpq/

Jk bi`mjoxj } kb hjaepbamño hjk keabk pjazjphbo bk qmcke ^M^+ azbohe qj hb`bo amxb jo qzqjoe bkczoeq hj keq moxjkjaxzbkjq+ vekéxmaeq+ bpxmqxbq } vjpqeobkmhbhjq iâq mivepxboxjqhjk vbéq/Jk keabk azjoxb bhjiâq aeo zo `bp } zob bivkmb xjppbtb heohj qj vzjhjo hjczqxbp xbvbq} pbameojq aeie kbq vbxbxbq b ke ve`pj+ kb anmqxeppb hj Obwbppb } keq qzpxmheq hj M`ípmae+bhjiâq hj abobvíq } wmqxeqbq joqbkbhbq/



3:

Jk moxjpmep aeo qzq ijqbq hjibhjpb ibamtb

Kb `bppb } kbq ijqbq hj iâpiek jo kb teob hj xbvbq



37

13/) ABGÍ HJ KB EVJPB Bppmjxb 7

Jo vkjoe aepbtño hjk Ibhpmh hjkeq Bzqxpmbq } gpjoxj bkmoaeivbpb`kj ibpae hjk Xjbxpe

Pjbk+ wjomieq egpjamjohe hjqhj2==3 zo jqvjaxâazke iâcmae }qmoczkbp+ zomhe b zob j~rzmqmxbajob qjpwmhb vep ozjqxpeqgbieqeq abibpjpeq)aboxboxjq/Kb qjoamkkjt+ kb qmivbxéb+ kbqcpbohjq weajq+ kb vpe~mimhbhhjk bpxmqxb } jk akmjoxj+ zomhe b

kb azmhbhb abpxb hj aeamob jqvbòekb } hj bzxep+ qeo bkczobq hj kbq qjòbq hj mhjoxmhbh hjozjqxpb vpevzjqxb bpxéqxmab rzj jo jqxeq heaj bòeq nbo vehmhe hmqgpzxbp xboxe jk vô`kmaehj Ibhpmh aeie jk xzpmqie hj ijhme izohe/

Ozjqxpb gñpizkb hj jqvjaxâazke+ xbo qjoamkkb aeie hmgéamk hj mimxbp jo qz pjqzkxbhe+egpjaj jo jk xmjive hj kb ajob zob qjkjaamño hj bpmbq+ hôeq+ azbpxjxeq } peibotbq aeo keqgpbcijoxeq iâq aíkj`pjq } aeoeamheq hj kb Ñvjpb } hj kb Tbptzjkb/ Kb oeanj wb jo‛apjqajohe’ } b keq veqxpjq+ jk jqvjaxâazke izqmabk } kb ajob kkjcbo bk ieijoxe azi`pj4keq aboxboxjq hj kb aeivbòéb aeo zob aevb hj abwb jo kb iboe aeoweabo bk bzhmxepme b`pmohbp bk pmxie hj keq baephjq hj Kb Xpbwmbxb/



33

Ajob hj im jqveqb } }e jo zob hj kbq wmqmxbq b Ibhpmh jo jk bòe 0661

Keq aboxboxjq hzpboxj kb baxzbamño



3>

Bkczoeq hj keq abibpjpeq aboxboxjq+ vep amjpxe wbpmeq hj jkkeq nbo baxzbhe jo jk gjqxmwbk

hj kb Tbptzjkb hj Kbq Vbkibq hj Cpbo Abobpmb



3=

Wbpmbq gbqjq hj kbq baxzbameojq



>6

Expe ieijoxe hj kb baxzbamño

Abpkeq Vípjt ‑ Abpkñ jo jk 066> azbohe gzmieq b ajkj`pbp jk azivkjbòeq hj keq heq bIbhpmh/ Vep amjpxe vjhmieq zo wmoe hj kb pjcmño hj Ibhpmh+ rzj nbaéb bòeq rzj oevpe`b`b zoe xbo ibke



>2

1>/)XB@JPOB KB @EKBAbkkj Kb @ekb o´ :+ ajpab hj kb azjqxb hj Qboxe Heimoce

"Hjqhj 2>36 aeamobohe jo abp`ño hj joamob"

KB @EKB b`pmñ qzq vzjpxbq b gmobkjq hjk qmcke ^M^+ hjqhj joxeoajq qmczj gmjk b qz xpbhmamño} b qz hjqxmoe } qmczjegpjamjohe jk imqieaeamhe ibhpmkjòe+ jovzanjpe hj `bppemohmwmhzbk } aeamobhe bkgzjce kjoxe hjk abp`ño hjjoamob xbk } aeie qjaeamob`b boxbòe/

Oe vehjieq xbiveaeekwmhbpoeq hj expeqj~rzmqmxeq vkbxeq rzjvehjieq hjczqxbp jo jqxjAjoxjobpme pjqxbzpboxj+aeie keq abkkeq+ qzq abpojq} vjqabheq } jk veqxpj‛jqxpjkkb’+ keq `zòzjkeq hj

ibotbob/

Azjoxbo keq apeomaeojq hj kb Wmkkb } Aepxj rzj nbamb 2/>60 j~mqxéb zob `exmkkjpéb jo kb

abkkj hj kb @ekb jqrzmob b kb hj kbq Pjdbq .ne} Czmkkjpie Pekkboh-/ Jpb zo vjrzjòe keabkgpjazjoxbhe vep e`pjpeq } jqxzhmboxjq/

Jo 2/>36 ke xpboqgepiñ jo pjqxbzpboxj ‛Kb Pb}ôb’ zob bqxzpmbob hj vpe+ bzxíoxmabibxpmbpab hj zobhmobqxéb gbimkmbp+ KeqWjphbqae rzj+ b kekbpce hj wbpmbqcjojpbameojq+ qmczjpjcjoxbohe jkPjqxbzpboxj Xb`jpob

KB @EKB/ Azjoxboxbi`mío keq vjpmñhmaeqhj vpmoamvme hj qmckerzj jo KB @EKB qjvehéb aeijp xpjq xmveqhj aeamhe4 b kbq heajhjk ijhmehéb+ jk hj2/2: vjqjxbq+ vbpbe`pjpeq } jivkjbheq< bkb zob hj kb xbphj+ jk hj

2/0: vjqjxbq+ rzj }b kkjwb`b cbkkmob+ } jpb jk vpjgjpmhe hj keq jqxzhmboxjq< } b vbpxmp hj kbqheq+ jk hj abpoj } xeamoe+ jkjcmhe vep vjpmehmqxbq } qjobhepjq/



>0

Xbi`mío jpb qb`mhe+ bzorzj oe vz`kmabhe+ kbvpjhmkjaamño hj kb Mogboxb Mqb`jk .aeoeamhbaeie Kb Anbxb- vep jk aeamhmxe hj KB @EKB/

Vbpb keq xpboqjôoxjq hj kb íveab .} vbpb keqrzj aeiébo jo kbq bajpbq+ hbhe ke kkjoe rzjjqxb`b jk keabk- pjqzkxb`b nb`mxzbk wjphjkboxj hj kb Xb`jpob jk abppzbdj hj Vbkbamerzj wjoéb b pjaecjp keq vzanjpeq vbpb kbMogboxb } qz njpiboe Bkgeoqe ^MM/

Hjqhj joxeoajq nb kkewmhe izane qe`pj kbqabkkjq hj Ibhpmh+ vjpe KB @EKB qmczj gmjk bqz xpbhmamño } b qz hjqxmoe } qmczj egpjamjohejk imqie aeamhe ibhpmkjòe+ jo qz vzanjpehj `bppe mohmwmhzbk } aeamobhe bk gzjce kjoxehjk abp`ño hj joamob+ rzj zo héb aeamobpb KbPb}ôb } expe aeimjpb Kb Anbxb/

.J~xpbéhe hj kb Sj` hj Kb @ekb-

Xbpdjxb } ijqbaeo jk aeamhe



>1

1=/) ABGÍ HJ ANMOMXBQ Xepmdb o´ 3+ Ajpab hjk Qjobhe

Jo kb híabhb hjk 76Ibhpmh oe aeoxb`b aeozo abgí e qmxme hj xb`kbehj cpbo abxjcepéb+ vepjqe zob qjpmj hjjivpjqbpmeq hj kbneqxjkjpéb .keqnjpiboeq Wjphbqae }keq njpiboeq Njpbq-dzoxe b Dbwmjp Qâoanjt)Eabòb gzohbpeo zoxb`kbe gkbijoae aeo

aeamob hj cpbo abkmhbh+heohj jqxzwmjpb aeievpmijpb ijhmhb rzj

mivjpbqj jk `zjo czqxe+ jk aeogepx } kb qjpmjhbh/

Vbpb jkke jo zo Vbkbame hjk qmcke ^WMMM+ jo kb abkkj Xepmdb 3+ ajpab hjk qjobhe+ iz} ajpabhjk Vbkbame hj Epmjoxj+ jo jk bòe 2=36+ z`mabpeo jk abgí ‑ xb`kbe ‑ gkbijoae ‑ pjqxbzpboxj+vbpb kbq baxzbameojq hj kbq ijdepjq bpxmqxbq hjk gkbijoae jqvbòek+ jqvjambkijoxj kbAnzocb rzj gzj kb rzj iâq gbib kj hme/

Ne} jo héb jq zo abgí

vbpb ajobp } wjp jkjqvjaxâazke aeo zoazbhpe gkbijoae rzjabi`mb iz} veae+bajvxb`kj } zobaeamob ijhmxjppâojb`bqxboxj `zjob vbpbjqxb akbqj hj keabkjq/Jk vpjame ijhme jq hj36

Qjcôo wbpmbq sj` joMoxjpojx qj kjjoabpce jk hmqjòe+hjaepbamño }vpe}jaxe b bk vmoxepIbozjk Ibivbqe+ jkhjaepbhep Vmoxe

Aejkne } jk bprzmxjaxe Kzmq Abppzoane aeo zob bxieqgjpb iz} abpcbhb+ vjpe rzj oepjqzkxb nepxjpb+ izj`kjq+ qmkkbq+ jqvjdeq } pjazjpheq xbzpmoeq hjk qmcke vbqbhe+ aeo zob`zjob zob mkzimobamño vjpgjaxb+ jqxbohe vep kb oeanj pjgkjdbhb jo kb gbanbhb/ Xmjoj

wbpmbq jqazkxzpbq jo iâpiek } `peoaj } wbpmeq azbhpeq/



>8

Jk vpmijp abgí Anmomxbq qj mobzczpñ jo Iâkbcb+ ajppbhe baxzbkijoxj vep hjqcpbamb/ Jkabgí xjoéb zo vmbomqxb+ gzmieq b ajobp zob hj kbq wjajq rzj gzmieq b Iâkbcb } oeqqjoxbieq bk kbhe hj kb vzjpxb } hjk vmbomqxb+ } jo zob hj keq hjqaboqeq oeq vpjczoxe hjheohj ípbieq+ aeoxjqxbieq hj Cpbo Abobpmb } oeq aeoxe rzj ík nb`éb baxzbhe jo KbqVbkibq jo zo keabk } rzj wmoe jo `bpae+ } hmde zob hj kbq gpbqjq bohbkztbq hj kbq `zjobq

‛gzj xbo ibkb kb xpbwjqéb rzj oe ij kb hjqje om b ié imqie’

Jk vpmijp abgí jo Iâkbcb



>:

86/) PJQXBZPBOXJ @BDBIBPCpbo Wéb+ 3>

Jk pjqxbzpboxj @bdbibp+ vpjqxmcmeqbibpmqrzjpéb jo vkjob Cpbo Wéb ibhpmkjòb+ rzjoeq bozoamb ijhmboxj zo jqabvbpbxj)bazbpme

kbq wmbohbq rzj qj vzjhjo aeijp jo jk moxjpmep/

Ibpmqae } vjqabhe+ kz`mob+ ijpe `bdbibp+kboceqxmoeq bk bdmkke+ aekb hj amcbkb bk bde+qbkvmaño hj ibpmqae } vbjkkb jqvjambk hjibpmqae qeo bkczoeq hj keq vkbxeq rzj jkpjqxbzpboxj @bdbibp egpjaj b qzq akmjoxjq/Xmjoj qbkeojq pjqjpwbheq } kb abpxb jqxâxpbhzamhb+ joxpj expeq mhmeibq+ bk dbveoíq } bkpzqe/ Vpehzaxeq hj bkxb abkmhbh kkjcbheqhmpjaxbijoxj hjk Aboxâ`pmae/

Jk vpjame jq `bqxboxj bkxe+ vjpe ijpjaj kb vjobhbpqj zo neijobdj hj jqxbq abpbaxjpéqxmabq hjwjt jo azbohe/ Bdzqxbhb abpxb hj wmoeq+ bzorzjmoxjpjqboxj/Pjqxbzpboxj jqvjambkmtbhe jo vjqabheq }ibpmqaeq+ kb vpmijpb ibpmqrzjpéb jo Ibhpmhrzj xzwe wmwjpeq vpevmeq } rzj xpbéb keqvpehzaxeq hj epmcjo b hmbpme/ Qmxzbhe jo jkajoxpe hj Ibhpmh+ gpjazjoxbhe vep nei`pjq hjojceameq } xzpmqxbq/ Hjaepbamño gzoameobk z

cpbxe bi`mjoxj+ qjpwmame jqijpbhe+ aeamob b kbwmqxb hjk akmjoxj/ Bvbpabaeanjq/ Jo @bdbibp joaeoxpbpâo zo keabk aeogepxb`kj aeo zobi`mjoxj bimcb`kj+ xpborzmke } bvbpxbhe hjk `zkkmame hj kb azmhbh+ jo jk rzj qjpâobxjohmhe vep vpegjqmeobkjq hj kb pjqxbzpbamño+ rzj qj qjoxmpâo joaboxbheq hj bxjohjpkjq

vbpb qz qbxmqgbaamñoJo zoe hj keq wmbdjq bIbhpmh vbpb ae`pbpzobq ajpxmgmabameojq+jk djgj } }e oeqjoaeoxpbieq aeo zoaeoeamhe aeijpamboxj

hj Kbq Vbkibq hj CpboAbobpmb+ oeq mowmxe baeijp jo jqxjpjqxbzpboxj+ }e wm keqamjkeq b`mjpxe vzjqqe} zo gboâxmae hjkibpmqae+ oe vzqmieq

jo kb `bppb vjhmieq zo qbkvmaño hj ibpmqae aeo zob ajpwjtb } xjpimobieq aeo kb`bohjdb aeivkjxb+ gzj ke ôomae rzj aeimieq+ vjpe xehbwéb ne} jo héb xjoce jk qb`ep hjjqj qbkvmaño hj ke `zjoe rzj jqxb`b



>7

82/) QMPJOB WJPHJ Cpbo Wéb+ 70

Jo vkjoe ajoxpe hj Ibhpmh+ jo kb Cpbo Wéb } iz} ajpab hj vkbtb Jqvbòb+joaeoxpbieq zob hj kbq ibpmqrzjpébq iâq mivepxboxjq hj kb abvmxbk+ Kb Qmpjob wjphj/ Qjxpbxb hj zo pjqxbzpboxj hmwmhmhe jo heq vkboxbq heohj qzq akmjoxjq vehpâo hmqgpzxbp hjmczbk iehe hj aeimhbq mogepibkjq e hj ke aeoxpbpme iâq gepibkjq aeie aeimhbq hjjivpjqbq e pjzomeojq hj ojceameq/

Jo qz abpxb joaeoxpbieq xehb zobwbpmjhbh hj ibpmqaeq+ rzj vehpjieq

e`qjpwbp hmpjaxbijoxj jo qz vbpmkkb+ bqéaeie xbi`mío hj qzq vjqabheq } abpojq/Xeheq qzq vpehzaxeq qeo gpjqaeq }xpbéheq hmpjaxbijoxj hj Cbkmamb+ Nzjkwbe jk Aboxâ`pmae } qzq abpojq qeo xehbqobameobkjq/Jqxj pjqxbzpboxj+ gzohbhe jo 2=30+momamñ qz bohbhzpb jo kb abkkj hjkAbpijo+ aeoqekmhâoheqj joxpj kbqvpmoamvbkjq ibpmqrzjpébq hjk ajoxpe hjIbhpmh/ Jqxj njane kb kkjwñ b bqjoxbpqj

jo 2=>0 jo vkjob Cpbo Wéb heohjxehbwéb aeoxmoôb bxpb}johe b jobiepbheq hjk ibpmqae hj abkmhbh/



>3

Joxpj kbq jqvjambkmhbhjqhj jqxj pjqxbzpboxj hjheq vkboxbq vehjieqjoaeoxpbp kbq ibpmqabhbq+rzj qeo hj ke ijdep+xjomjohe jo azjoxb rzj jkibpmqae jq hjk héb } wmjojhj keq vpmoamvbkjqvzjpxeq hj Jqvbòb.Cbkmamb+ Nzjkwb e jkAboxâ`pmae-/ Xbiveaenb} rzj hjdbp hj vpe`bpkbq vbppmkkbhbq hjibpmqae+ kbq vbjkkbq+ kbqabpojq pedbq } vbpbvmabp+ zobq xbvbq/

Jqxb ibpmqrzjpéb jqxâ jqvjambkijoxj hjqxmobhb b brzjkkeq jqxñibceq abvpmaneqeq rzjqmjoxjo jk hjqje hj hjczqxbp zo `zjo vkbxe hj aeimhb b azbkrzmjp nepb+ }b rzj oe amjppbomocôo héb hjk bòe/ Bhjiâq+ qz aeamob jqxâ b`mjpxb hj hmjt hj kb ibòbob b kb zob hj kbibhpzcbhb/

Jk Anjg qzcmjpj$$Joxpboxjq

@zpcbeqVzkve b kb cbkkjcbCbi`bqEqxpbqVkbxeq

Qevb hj ibpmqae

IbpmqabhbIjpe jo aeqxpb hjvmqxbaneqIjpkztb qmpjob aeoboczkbVeqxpjq

Xbpxb hj imknedbq

aeo gpbi`zjqbQep`jxj hj kmiño bk abwbXbpxb hj xpjq aneaekbxjq

Abhb wjt rzj we} b Ibhpmh+ aeie jo jqxj keabk vep ke ijoeq zob wjt+vjhmieq hj joxpbhb keq @zpcbeq+ hj vpmijpe qevb hj ibpmqae } kzjce zob vbppmkkbhb vbpbheq+ kbq nb} hj heq vpjameq+ kb iâq `bpbxb jqxâ `mjo qjpwmhb jo azboxe b aboxmhbh } hjveqxpj kb Xbpxb hj imknedbq aeo gpbi`zjqb/ Xmjoj zob xbpxb hj Qboxmbce `bqxboxjbajvxb`kj/

Oepibkijoxj nb} egjpxbq vep jdjivke zob heajob hj eqxpbq+ vjpe azbohekbq vmhjq xj hmajo qmjivpj rzj qm rzmjpjq kbq cpbohjq jq b expe vpjame+ ke imqie aeo keq

vjpaj`jq jxa/



>>

Gbaxzpb hjk pjqxbzpboxj ibpmqrzjpébQmpjob Wjphj+ aeo kb ibpmqabhb hj 86₫/



>=

Azbpxb teob Ajoxpe ‛Keq D bieobkjq’


82 Vbpbéqe hjk Dbiño Qbo @jpobphe > 1 1 1

80 Jk Dbieobk .Dbaeijxpjte- Dbaeijxpjte 3) = 0 1 081 @bp Veqxbq Ajpwjajpéb Veqxbq 21 0 0 088 Izqje hjk Dbiño Ib}ep > 0 0 08: Heo Dbiño @bp hj Xbvbq Cpbo Wéb 76 0 0 0




=6

Azbpxb teob Ajoxpe ‛Keq Dbieobkjq’

Gpjoxj bk Nexjk jo kb abkkj Qbo @jpobphe jk o´ > ‛ Vbpbéqe hjk Dbiño’ + kbabkkj Dbaeijxpjte hjxpâq hjk Nexjk jo jk o´ 3)= ‛Jk Dbieobk’+ qjczmieq nbamb keq

bkpjhjhepjq hj kb Vkbtb Ib}ep jo kb abkkj Veqxb aeo jk o´ 21 ‛@bp Veqxbq Ajpwjajpéb’+ jokb abkkj Ib}ep > ‛Jk Izqje hjk Dbiño’ } wekwjieq b kb Cpbo Wéb o´ 76 ‛Heo Dbiño @bp hj Xbvbq’



=2

82/) JK VBPBMQE HJK DBIEO Qbo @jpobphe+ >+ Hmqxpmxe4 Ajoxpe

Jqxj Dbieobk jqxâajpab hjk Nexjkheohj ij rzjhejo Ibhpmh+ bkvpmoamvme azboheoe xjoéb cbobq hjajobp gzjpxj+ ijbajpab`b b jqxjVbpbéqe hjk Dbiño/Ne} jo héb om vbqevep hjkboxj/ Xjjocbòb aeo kb

abkmhbh hjk Dbiño+kb aeamob jq zobveprzjpéb+ joamibjk xpbxe hj keq

abibpjpeq jq gbkxb } keabk qzame

Jk jqabvbpbxj+

vbpjaj rzj xehejk ibxjpmbk jqzob ibpbwmkkb/Keq rzjqeq qeo`zjoeq+ vjpevmhjq zob pbamñohj dbiño hj`jkkexb } xj xpbjhj Qbkbiboab+oe ij j~xpbòbrzj keq xzpmqxbq

hmcâo b wjajqrzj oe kjq czqxbjk Dbiño



=0

80/) JK DBIEOBK .DBAEIJXPJTE- Dbaeijxpjte+ 3)=+ Hmqxpmxe4 Ajoxpe ) @bppme4 Qek

Qz jqvjambkmhbh jq kbaeimhb jqvbòekb+ xbvmxbqwbpmbhbq+ dbiño } `zjorzjqe+ vbjkkb+ aeamhe/ Keijdep jq rzj jqxb dzqxehjxpâq hjk Nexjk bqé rzjjqxâ jo vkjoe ajoxpe hjIbhpmh/ jk qjpwmame jqiz} `zjoe+ qj aeij `mjo} pâvmhe/ bzorzj kbkmivmjtb hjdb zo veaerzj hjqjbp/ Qj hj`j

vbpxmp rzj }e oe nj wmqxeomocôo Dbieobk+ Vbpbéqehjk Dbiño e Izqje hjDbiño rzj xjocb `zjobaeamob+ qmjivpj jqxâo

qzameq+ aeo vbvjkjq vep keq qzjkeq/

81/) @BP VEQXBQ AJPWJAJPMBVeqxbq 21 .ajpab hj kb Vkbtb Ib}ep-



=1

Jk `bp Veqxbq ajpwjajpéb jq aeoeamhe joIbhpmh vep qjp zoe hj keq qmxmeq gbieqeqvep keq èabhmkkeq hj abkbibpjqJk @bp Veqxbq jq zob gpjmhzpéb rzj qj

joazjoxpb jo vkjoe aepbtño hj Ibhpmh+ bijhme abimoe joxpj kb Vzjpxb hjk Qek } KbVkbtb Ib}ep/ Jqxj keabk azjoxb aeo veabqijqbq } qmkkbq+ }b rzj jk jqvbame qj keajhjo b kb `bppb+ hjqhj heohj qj vzjhje`qjpwbp añie jkbèpbo kbq gpmxzpbq jo kbgpjmhepb rzj qj joazjoxpb b kb wmqxb hj keqakmjoxjq/Joxpj qzq jqvjambkmhbhjq hjqxbabo jk„vjqabmxe gpmxe” ‑aeie qj kj kkbib b kbq

pbameojq hj vjqabhe hj vjrzjòbqhmijoqmeojq pjètbhe jo nbpmob } kzjcegpmxe) } keq abkbibpjq jo èabhmkke e jopbamño+ rzj qj qzjkjo baeivbòbp hj zobabòb+ zo wjpizx e zob qmhpb+ xehbq hj`bppmk/

88/) IZQJE HJK DBIÑO Ib}ep >

Xpbhmamño hjqhj 2=3>

Gzjpeo keq apjbhepjqhj zo ozjwe aeoajvxejo jk izohe hj kbpjqxbzpbamño4 jk hjpjqxbzpboxj xjiâxmae/

#Jk Izqje hjk Dbiño#+aeie qz vpevmeoei`pj mohmab+ jq hjvep qé zo bzxíoxmaevbpbéqe hjk ji`zxmhejo cjojpbk } hjk dbiñojo vbpxmazkbp+ bzorzjoe vep jkke hjqaeoeajokeq qjapjxeq hj kbaeamob iâq xpbhmameobk/Hjqxbabheq vkbxeq

abqjpeq xbi`mío qeo vzjqxeq qe`pb kb ijqb vbpb jk hmqgpzxj hj xeheq qzq aeijoqbkjq/



=8

Gbanbhb hjk Jhmgmame heohj qj z`mab jkIzqje } jqabvbpbxj hjk imqie

Vbpb im jq hj keq Dbieobkjq jk ijdep+ bzorzj jq zob vjob rzj oe ijdepjokb abkmhbh hjk vbo/ Kb vpmijpb wjt rzj joxpj+ aeie jq zqzbk jo jqxeq qmxmeq jk abibpjpe+oeq `zqae zo qmxme jo kb `bppb+ } oe hmde rzj qm oeq vjhéb jk jqvjambk } rzj rzjpébieq vbpb`j`jp+ im izdjp ke vmhmñ+ jkkb vbpb `j`jp zob aeab)aekb } }e zob ajpwjtb .jo Ibhpmh jqpbpe rzj kbq ajpwjtbq oe jqxío `mjo xmpbhbq } rzj qjbo ibkbq-+ oe vzqmieq nb`kbpjqvjpbohe kb kkjcbhb hjk vkbxe } azbohe veoce kb wmqxb jo jk abpxjk cpbohj aekcbhe jo kbvbpjh heohj veojo keq vpjameq hj keq vkbxeq+ azbohe wm jk jqvjambk abqm ij hb zo vbxbxbtehj ke abpe/ Kkjce jk vkbxe qmjohe zob `bohjdb cpbohj aeo xeheq keq ji`zxmheq .anepmte+qbkanmanño+ keie+ dbiño jxa/-+ xexbk jpb xbk kb aboxmhbh rzj oe vzhmieq aeo ík+ qj bajpab jkabibpjpe kj hmce ‛aeòe vehéb nb`jpij hmane jk xbibòe+ veprzj jqxe jq izane vbpboeqexpeq’ aeoxjqxbamño ‛oe qj vpjeazvj qj ke veojieq bk wbame } qj ke vzjhj kkjwbp’+`zjoe bqé wbkj kb vjob vjhmp jk vkbxe+ vzjq bk héb qmczmjoxj wjoébieq vbpb Abobpmbq



=:

8:/) HEO DBIÑO ‑ @BP HJ XBVBQ Cpbo Wéb 76

Jqxj `bp hj xbvbq+ oe jqxâibk jq vjrzjòe+ jq iz}hmgéamk aeoqjczmp ijqb } oeqj hmcb `zqabp zo qmxme jokb `bppb+ aeie xeheq jkdbiño jq M`ípmae+ qjpâveprzj jk ajphe obaj joJqvbòb/ Aeie qmjivpj keq

ji`zxmheq hj qbkanmanño+anepmte e keie qzjkj qjpijdep rzj jk dbiño/ Qjvzjhj mp b xeibp zobajpwjamxb aeo zo vkbxmxe hjji`zxmhe/



=7

J~mqxj jo Ibhpmh zo aeijpame hjk rzj oe nb} mhjb jo Vbpéq4 keqwjohjhepjq hj bczb bk vep ijoep/ Qz xmjohb aeoqmqxj jo zo aâoxbpe hj xmjppb `kboae+zo ajqxe hj imi`pj e hj nedb hj kbxb rzj aeoxmjoj heq e xpjq wbqeq+ bkczoeqbtzabpmkkeq/// } b wjajq zo vbp hj obpbodbq } kmieojq/// Jqxeq wjohjhepjq hj bczb qeo+ cjojpbkijoxj izanbaneq cbkkjceq+ aeo anbrzjxb aekep xb`bae+ abktño aepxe+ vekbmobq ojcpbq } qei`pjpe vzoxmbczhe/// Bkczobq izdjpjq } anmabq+ wjqxmhbq hj

iehe moqmcomgmaboxj+ qj hjhmabo xbi`mío bk aeijpame hj bczb/ Qj kjq kkbib+ qjcôo qz qj~e+ bczbhepjq e bczbhepbq< vep xeheq keq pmoaeojq hj kb amzhbh qj e}jo qzq cpmxeqbczheq+ iehzkbheq jo xeheq keq xeoeq } wbpmbheq hj amjo ibojpbq4 Bczb+ bczb+ µRzmío rzmjpj bczb5+ ¢bczb njkbhb+ gpjqrzmxb aeie kb omjwj" Jqxe hzpb hjqhj kbqamoae hj kb ibòbob nbqxb kbq hmjt hj kb oeanj/// Ke rzj Ibhpmh ojajqmxb iâq+ hjqvzíqhj bczb+ jq gzjce vbpb joajohjp amcbppeq< bqé jq rzj jk cpmxe4 Gzjce+ gzjce+ qj e}j vep xehbq vbpxjq } qj ijtakb moajqboxjijoxj aeo jk hj4 Bczb+ bczb/ Jq zob kzanbjoabpomtbhb joxpj keq heq jkjijoxeq b wjp azâk ijxj iâq `zkkb4 jqxj gzjce iâqmoj~xmoczm`kj rzj jk hj Wjqxb+ ke kkjwbo zoeq vmkkzjkeq jo aevbq kkjobq hj abp`ño } hjajomtb+ aeo zo iboce vbpb oe rzjibpqj keq hjheq’

Ibpmboe Deqí hj Kbppb



=3

Rzmoxb Teob Anzjab } bkpjhjhepjqO´ Keabk Hmpjaamño A K Q

87 @bp Heo Vbae Pjqxbzpboxj Ab`bkkjpe hj Cpbamb+ 17 2 0 083 Nepoe hj Qbo Eoegpj Qbo Eoegpj+ 18> Xb`jpob Âocjk Qmjppb Cpbwmob 22 ) Anzjab 0 2 18= Abgí Cmdño Vbqje hj Pjaekjxeq+ 02 0 0 0


Vep kb Cpbo Wéb nbamb Kb Am`jkjq jo kb abkkj Ab`bkkjpe hj Cpbamb o´ 17 jk ‛@bp Heo VbaePjqxbzpboxj’ .87-+ wbieq nbamb Anzjab jo kb abkkj Qbo Eoegpj 1 ‛Jk Nepoe hj QboEoegpj’ .83- zob hzkajpéb gbieqb+ wbieq b kb Vkbtb hj Anzjab jo kb jqrzmob aeo kb abkkjCpbwmob 22 ‛Xb`jpob Âocjk Qmjppb’ .8>- } qjczmieq bk Vbqje Pjaekjxeq 02 ‛Jk Abgí Cmdño’ .8=-



=>

Kb qeamjhbh jqxâ hmwmhmhb jo heq cpbohjq akbqjq4 kb hj keq rzj xmjojo iâq aeimhb rzjbvjxmxe } kb hj keq rzj xmjojo iâq bvjxmxe rzj aeimhb.Anbigepx-



==

87/) @BP HEO VBAE PJQXBZPBOXJ Ab`bkkjpe hj Cpbamb+ 17

Bvbpxj hj qz xévmab abpxb .pbè hj xepe+ gpmxzpbq hj vjqabhe e bppet peamjpe-+ jqxb akâqmabxb`jpob bohbkztb hj kb abvmxbk hjqxbab vep qz bxpbaxmwb `bppb heohj qj vzjhjo hjczqxbpxbvbq aeie kb xepxmkkb aeo abibpeojq+ nzjwbq bkmòbhbq+ èrzjpeojq wmaxepmboeq+ jxa/ Xehebaeivbòbhe vep zo `zjo wmoe } pehjbhe hj zo bi`mjoxj xbzpmoe } gkbijoae/ Jo kbvbpjh xmjoj jk abpxjk hj xepeq cpbohj iâq boxmcze gzj b kb j~veqmamño hj Vbpmq

Jk Pbè hj `zj} jo abqbHeo Vbae jq `zjoéqmie+xbi`mío kbq xepxmkkmxbqhj abibpeojq



266

Jqxj vkbxe hj ijpkztb

qjcôo im izdjp jqxb`b`zjoéqmie

Xpbhzaamño hj kb gbaxzpb40 aperzjxbq pb`e hj xepe0 xepxmkkbq abibpeojq2 pb`e hj xepe2 keie hj ijpkztb jo qbkqb wjphj2 veqxpj xjdbq aeo }eczpx .jqvjamj hj`bprzmkke jo gepib hj xjdbq aeo njkbhehj }eczpx } vmòeojq-Kmaep bohbkzt .abanbppmxe jqvjamj hj

epzde xeibhe iz} gpme-Abòb+ aevb hj wmoe } bczb

Jo jqxj pmoaño xjomb kb xjpxzkmb DebrzéoWmhbk apéxmae xbzpmoe



262

Moxjpmep hj abqbHeo Vbae

Ijqb hjk pmoañohjk apéxmae xbzpmoeDebrzéo Wmhbk



260

83/) NEPOE HJ QBO EOEGPJ Qbo Eoegpj+ 1

Nepoe Qbo Eoegpj b`pmñ qz vpmijpb xmjohb+ jqvjambkmtbhb jo vbobhjpéb }pjveqxjpéb hj abkmhbh jo 2=30 jo jqxb abkkj/ Qj xpbxb`b hj zo ojceame hj vbqxjkjpéb }bj~mqxjoxj rzj abi`mñ hj hjoeimobamño bk xeibp qzq pmjohbq Hbomjk Czjppjpe rzmjomomamb`b joxeoajq zob kbpcb bohbhzpb jo jk qjaxep hj kb pjveqxjpéb rzj kj nb kkjwbhe aeoí~mxe nbqxb ne}/

Bzorzj oe jq omoczobxbqab+ `bp e pjqxbzpboxj+qm qj vbqb zoe vepAnzjab wbkj kb vjobwmqmxbpkb vep keq hzkajq+

jqxb b aeoxmozbamño hj kbabkkj hj kbq Mogboxbqapztbohe Gzjoabppbk

Hjqvzíq hj jqxb xmjohb+b`pmpébo expbq azbxpe }jo jkkbq egpjajo nbqxb>66 wbpmjhbhjqhmqxmoxbq hj vbo+ hjqhjkeq iâq xpbhmameobkjq.abohjbkjq+ iekkjxjq evbojq hj ajoxjoe-+nbqxb keq gpboajqjq+

vbojq hj Wmjob ebkjibojq hj iôkxmvkjqqjimkkbq/Bhjiâq hj xeheq keqhzkajq nb`mheq } vepnb`jp+ Nepoe QboEoegpj egpjaj abhb wjt

iâq vpehzaxeq+ moakz}johe zo qjkjaxe qjpwmame hj abxjpmoc rzj vpjvbpb xehe xmve hjjwjoxeq vbpb vbpxmazkbpjq } jivpjqbq/ Qeo jqvjambkijoxj gbieqeq qzq peqaeojq hj pj}jq/



261

8>/) XBQAB BOCJK QMJPPBCpbwmob 22 ‑ Vkbtb hj Anzjab

Vkbtb hj Anzjab+ bk geohe kb Xbqab hj Âocjk Qmjppb/ Gbanbhb hj kb Xbqab



268

Moxjpmep hj kb Xbqab+ qj joxpb vep kb abkkj Qbo Cpjcepme+ xmjoj zoeq gpjqaeq vpjameqeq/

Hjxbkkj hjk xjane hj kb xbqab



26:

Keq `boae } ijqbq qeo hj ibhjpb ibamtb jqxmke xbqab boxmcze

Jqxboxjpébq aeo `exjkkbq+ pjked hj vbpjh+ kb wjphbh rzj jq zo vjrzjòe izqje



267

Jk xjane jq vpjameqe

Kb vpmijpb wjt rzj gzm b jqxj jqxb`kjamimjoxe+ gzj veprzj azbohe

jqxâ`bieq Abpkeq Vípjt ‑ Abpkñ } }e jo Ibhpmh+ xjoéb zob kmqxb hj xbqabq } pjqxbzpboxjqvbpb aeijp+ keq vpmoamvbkjq jpbo Abqb Vbppeohe+ Jk vjhpzqae hj Bkhjbkaepwe } jqxjjqxb`kjamimjoxe+ joxpbieq jo kb vbpxj xpbqjpb vep kb abkkj Qbo Cpjcepme+ oeq czqxe kbhjaepbamño+ vjhmieq zobq ajpwjtbq aeo zoeq èrzjpeojq jo wmobcpj rzj jqxb`bohmwmoeq+ pjvjxmieq apje rzj xpjq wjajq+ xjombq rzj mp b kb `bppb veprzj kbq anmabq rzjjqxb`bo qmpwmjohe hjaébo rzj oe qjpwébo jo kbq ijqbq+ aeqb rzj oe joxjohmieq/ Kbqjczohb wjt gzm aeo im jqveqb+ oeq qjoxbieq xbi`mío jo kb vbpxj moxjpmep+ im bqei`pegzj azbohe vjhé kb ajpwjtb } keq èrzjpeojq+ vpmijpe jk xpbxe gzj bk xpboabte+ qmonbajpxj abqe+ keq èrzjpeojq vbqbheq+ xeij zob abòb } zob xbvb } bhmñq/ Jq zob vjobrzj qmjohe zob hj kbq xbqabq iâq èomxbq hj Ibhpmh+ qj jqxí hjxjpmepbohe vep jk qjpwmame} kb abkmhbh/



263

8=/) @BP ) PJQXBZPBOXJ CPBO ABGÍ HJ CMDÑO Vbqje hj Pjaekjxe+ 02

Xjppbtb hjk Cpbo Abgí hj Cmdño

Gbanbhb jo jk Vbqje hj Pjaekjxe+ kb xjppbtb jqxb jogpjoxj



26>

Jqxj kzcbp jqxâ mojwmxb`kjijoxj kmcbhe b kb nmqxepmb hj Ibhpmh }+ iâqaeoapjxbijoxj b kb hj kb azkxzpb hj jqxb amzhbh/ Vzjq jo iâq hj amjo bòeq hjqhj rzjb`pmjpb qzq vzjpxbq jo 2>>>+ vep brzé nbo vbqbhe keq iâq pjaeoeamheq jqapmxepjq+moxjkjaxzbkjq+ gmkñqegeq+ amojbqxbq‧ rzj vbpxmamvb`bo jo bomibhbq xjpxzkmbq } hj`bxjq/ ]xehbwéb aeoxmoôb qmjohe jk vpjgjpmhe hjk izohe kmxjpbpme ibhpmkjòe/ Kzcbp ji`kjiâxmae

} `enjime b kb wjt+ rzj oeq xpboqvepxb b expeq kzcbpjq‧ hjk xmjive+ veprzj brzéxpboqazppj hjqvbame/Bhjiâq hj xeibp zo abgí+ jqxj kzcbp xbi`mío jq pjqxbzpboxj+ az}eq

geceojq vpeveojo zob aeamob moxjpobameobk/ Qzq vkbxeq jqxpjkkb qeo kb vbjkkb hj ibpmqaeq+jk bppet aeo `ecbwboxj } kb ijpkztb b kb qmhpb/ Xbi`mío qj vzjhj hmqgpzxbp hj hjqb}zoeq+ijpmjohbq+ bvjpmxmweq‧ Hmqveoj bhjiâq hj zob bcpbhb`kj xjppbtb jo jk imqie VbqjePjaekjxeq+ joxpj kbq abkkjq Vpmi } Bkimpboxj/ Jo jqxj kzcbp heohj @jomxe Vípjt Cbkhñq+Abimke Deqí Ajkb e Boxeome Cbkb nbo jqapmxe bkczobq hj kbq vâcmobq hj qzq km`peq+ jk cjome} kb apjbamño bpxéqxmab qeo keq vpexbceomqxbq/

Akâqmae hj akâqmaeq+ jk Cmdño qj miveoj b xeheq keq hjiâq/ Nb wmwmhe xeheqkeq baeoxjamimjoxeq hj Jqvbòb hjqhj qz gzohbamño jo 2>>>/

Moxjpmep hjk abgí

Gbaxzpb aeivzjqxb vep zo abgí mpkbohíq} zob cpbomtbhb



26=

Qj~xb teob+ ‛ Qbkbiboab’


:6 Ibpmqrzjpéb Jk Aboxâ`pmae Vbhmkkb+ 1= 0 0 0:2 Pjqxbzpboxj Kb Xpbmojpb Kbcbqab+ 76 0 0 0:0 Pjqxbzpbox Dealj} Bibhep hj keq Péeq 7 2 2 2


Vep kb teob hj Qbkbiboab } Cíoewb jqxâo4 ‛Kb Ibpmqrzjpéb Jk Aboxâ`pmae’ jo kb abkkj Vbhmkkb o´ 0=+ nbamb Cíoewb jo kb abkkj Kbcbqab 76 ‛Jk Pjqxbzpboxj Kb

Xpbmojpb’ + apztbieq kb Abqxjkkbob qz`mieq vep Cíoewb jo kb abkkj Bibhep hj keq Péeq 7‛Jk Pjqxbzpboxj Dealj}’



226

Im vkbo jq wmwmp jxjpobijoxj/ Nbqxb bnepb rzj jqxe} jqapm`mjohe+ ke jqxe}

azivkmjohe vjpgjaxbijoxj/



222

:6/) IBPMQRZJPÉB JK ABOXB@PMAEVbhmkkb 1=

Jk Aboxâ`pmae b`pmñ qzq vzjpxbq jo 2=8>+ hjhmabhe hjqhj qzq momameq bk bpxjhjk ibpmqae } kb ajpwjtb/ ] bqé gzj apjamjohe aeo keq bòeq+ kkjcbohe b aeoqekmhbp zobvkboxmkkb rzj+ b héb hj ne}+ qmczjo iboxjomjohe jk jqvépmxz } xpbhmameojq hjk rzj gzjpb qz

vbxpño } bimce+ Hmeomqme+ bkczoeq aeo iâq hj 16 bòeq hj xpb`bde } j~vjpmjoamb jo kb rzjqj nb aeowjpxmhe qz abqb/

@zjo ibpmqae+ oe iz} abpe+ keabk iz} vjrzjòe aeo veabq ijqbq+ vbpjajiâq zo `bp hj `bppme aeo xbvbq azxpj rzj zob ibpmqrzjpéb aeo kb abkmhbh hjk vpehzaxe/



220

:2/) PJQXBZPBOXJ KB XPBMOJPBKbcbqab+ 76

Mobzczpbhe jo jk bòe 2=77+ Kb Xpbmojpb jq expe hj keq xjivkeq hjk vjqabhe} jk ibpmqae hj Ibhpmh+ oe jo wboe+ jo kb xpbqxmjohb hjk keabk qj joazjoxpb Imczjk Cbpaéb+rzj hjqhj qz dzwjoxzh qj hjhmab b jqxeq vpehzaxeq } rzj jo kb baxzbkmhbh jq vpevmjxbpme+

bhjiâq+ hjk pjqxbzpboxj Keq Pjieq jo Jk Vkboxée .Ibhpmh-+ } hj zo Vzjqxe bk vep Ib}epjo Ijpabibhpmh/

Jo kb j~akzqmwb abkkj Kbcbqab hjk `bppme hj Qbkbiboab+ jk keabk iboxmjoj qz

xévmab hjaepbamño ibpmojpb aeo izkxmxzh hj edeq hj `zj} } ijqbq `bpomtbhbq qmoiboxjkjq+ qe`pj kbq rzj qj veqbo+ joxpj expbq pjajxbq+ kbq qzcjpjoambq hj kb abqb4 Amcbkbq bkb vkboanb+ Joqbkbhb hj `eomxe joaj`ekkbhe jo kb Abqb aeo `jppeq+ Qevb hj Ibpmqae+Pehb`bkke b Kb Xpbmojpb+ Ijpkztb hjk Aboxâ`pmae b kb Ibpmojpb+ Kboceqxb b kb Bijpmabob+} kb xbpxb xpbhmameobk hj Qboxmbce/ Jk keie } jk dbiño hj Db`zce aeoqxmxz}jo kb ôomabaeoajqmño b keq iâq abpoéwepeq/



221

Moxjpmep hjkpjqxbzpboxj

Expb wmqxbhjk moxjpmep



228

PJQXBZPBOXJ DEALJ] Bibhep hj keq Péeq+ 7

Jk pjqxbzpboxj Dealj} qj joazjoxpb qmxzbhe jo jk `bppme hj Anbi`jpé+ dzoxeb kb gbieqb Vkbtb hj Aekño } hjxpâq hjk Vbqje hj kb Abqxjkkbob/

Jk pjqxbzpboxj Dealj}+ gzohbhe jo 2/=8: vep Akehebkhe Aepxíq+ qzqnjpjhjpeq iboxmjojo wmwe jk jqvépmxz jivpjohjhep hjk gzohbhep egpjamjohe b qzqakmjoxjq zoe hj keq ijdepjq qjpwmameq hj qbkb rzj qj vzjhjo joaeoxpbp jo Jqvbòb } kbcbqxpeoeiéb rzj qmjivpj oeq nb hmqxmoczmhe+ } rzj kkjwb jwekzameobohe hjqhj joxeoajq/

Hj hjaepbamño akâqmab } xpbhmameobk+ Dealj} xpbqkbhb b qzq akmjoxjq b zojoxepoe hmqxmoczmhe } qjkjaxe aeo iâq hj ijhme qmcke hj nmqxepmb/ Qmjohe pjaeoeamheaeie pjvpjqjoxboxj hj kb iâ~mib j~vpjqmño hjk kzde/

Azbohe jqxâ`bieq xpb`bdbohe jo Omcjpmb+ jk Djgj hj aeoxpbxbamñomoxjpobameobk hj zob mivepxboxj jivpjqb aeoqxpzaxepb obameobk+ nmte bimqxbh aeoimce+hmamíoheij rzj azbohe gzjqj vep Ibhpmh oe hjdbpb hj kkbibpke vbpb bkieptbp dzoxe/ Jozoe hj keq wmbdjq rzj xzwj rzj nbajp aeo im Djgj+ aeoxbaxj aeo jk+ jgjaxmwbijoxj ijpjaephñ } oeq ibohe jk aeanj hj kb jivpjqb bk Nexjk b pjaecjpoeq+ oeq kkjwe b jqxjpjqxbzpboxj+ heohj jo zo qbkño vpmwbhe oeq xeibieq jk bvjpmxmwe nbqxb rzj kkjcbpb/Jkmcme kb aeimhb+ rzj hj ke ôomae rzj ij bazjphe jpb rzj xehe jqxb`b `zjoe+ } vepvpmijpb wjt aeié keq nzjweq hj vjphmt+ veqxpj kmaep jxa/ oeq hjde jo jk `bp } qj ibpaneveprzj qj m`b hj wmbdj+ hmamjohe rzj xehe jqxb`b vbcbhe } rzj qmczmípbieq jk xmjive rzjrzmqmípbieq/ Azbohe qbkmieq jqxb`b jk anegjp jqvjpâoheoeq+ vbpb kkjwbpoeq b heohjgzjpb/



22:

Qívxmib teob + ‛ Anbi`jpé ’


:1 Vjhpzqae hj Bkhjbkaepwe Dzbo hj Bzqxpmb 0 0 0 0




227

Keq gbkkeq hj keq aeamojpeq qj xbvbo aeo kbq qbkqbq+ keq hj keq bprzmxjaxeqaeo gkepjq } keq hjk iíhmae+ aeo xmjppb/



223

:1/) JK VJHPZQAE HJ BKHJBKAEPWEDzbo hj Bzqxpmb 0 ‑ Anbi`jpé

Vpewjomjoxj hj kb keabkmhbh qjcewmbob hj Bkhjbkaepwe+ kb gbimkmb hj VjhpeIbxjqbot kkjcñ b Ibhpmh+ bkkâ vep jk bòe 2=:3/

Boxeome+ kb qjczohb cjojpbamño+ dzoxe aeo Qbcpbpme qz izdjp } qzq heqnmdeq+ jq rzmjo ne} `pmohb qz j~rzmqmxb neqvmxbkmhbh b kb gmjk akmjoxjkb rzj kj wmqmxb/

Bgmameobhe b kbq boxmcûjhbhjq+ nb qb`mhe hbp zo xerzj jkjcboxj } vjpqeobkb jqxj qmoczkbp pjqxbzpboxj+ hjaepâoheke aeo `zjobq } wbkmeqbq e`pbq hj bpxj/ Vjpe+jwmhjoxjijoxj+ xpbxâoheqj hj zo pjqxbzpboxj+ jqe oe jq qzgmamjoxj+ } jq vep jqe rzj qzqjqxzvjoheq bqbheq qj aeamobo jo zo jgmabt nepoe hj bhe`j } `bkheqbq xpbéhe vep qzvbhpj hjk vzj`ke qjcewmboe/

Z`mabhe jo keabkmhbh hj Ibhpmh jk pjqxbzpboxj jk Vjhpzqae hj Bkhjbkaepweqj joazjoxpb bi`mjoxbhe bk iâq vzpe jqxmke qjcewmboe+ azjoxb aeo zob `ehjcb aeo wmqxbbk Vô`kmae/ Jk bqbhep hmqveoj aeo zo nepoe ajoxjobpme hj kjòb bzxíoxmae+ jk azbk gzj

j~vpjqbijoxj xpbéhe hj Qjcewmb+ jo jk rzj qj vpjvbpb zo aephjpe bvjxmxeqe rzj nb} rzjqekmamxbp vep joabpce/



22>

Jk pjqxbzpboxj Jk Vjhpzqae hj Bkhjbkaepwe jq zoe hj keq ijdepjqpjqxbzpboxjq hj Ibhpmh rzj vehjieq joaeoxpbp vbpb hjczqxbp zob j~ajkjoxj aeamobxpbhmameobk abqxjkkbob+ az}b jqvjambkmhbh jq jk aeanmomkke } jk kjanbte bk jqxmke hjQjvôkwjhb/

Abpxb4Kb Ibxbotb4 Anepmamkke hj kb ekkb ) Vmabhmkke hjk vzj`ke vbqbhe vep kb

qbpxío ) Iepamkkb Qjcewmbob qeke gpmxb jo bajmxj hj ekmwb ) Keie hj kb ekkb xbrzjbhe jobajmxj hj ekmwb ) Aei`mobhe hj ibxbotb ) Dbiño m`ípmae ) Rzjqe Iboanjce vzpe hj ewjdbjo bajmxj/

Ozjqxpbq joxpbhbq hj xmjive4 Keq dzhmeojq hj kb Cpbodb aeo qzq wmbohbqhjk ajphe ) Abkkeq xpbhmameobkjq bk jqxmke hj Ibhpmh ) Keq Pmòeoamxeq hj ozjqxpeq kjanbkjqb kb vkboanb aeo wmobcpjxb hj bde } kmiño ) Aepbteojq hj bkabanegb pjnecbheq aeo

èkjxzq+ gemj } pjhzaamño hj Vjhpe ^mijojt ) Wjphzpbq b vkboanb cpbxmobhbq aeo rzjqevpewekeoj } cbi`ño pede bk bdmkke ) Qbkxjbhe hj Qjxbq hj xjivepbhb aeo iekkjdmxbq hjaephjpe } nb`bq ) Jk Vmqxe hj kb B`zjkb aeo qz nzjwe jo ijhme ) Cbi`bq bk Bdmkke aeie kbqhj boxjq ) Joqbkbhb gpéb hj vmimjoxeq bqbheq jo nepoe hj kjòb+ bxôo jqab`janbhe }boaneb aeqxjpb pjkkjob hj qbkqb Wmtabéob ) Pjwzjkxe hj èkjxzq hj xjivepbhb aeo vbqbq+dbiño } vmòeojq ) Joqbkbhb hj Vjphmt Jqab`janbhb/

Qzcjpjoambq hj Ceotbke4 Qekeimkkeq hj Wmjmpbq qe`pj abib hj anmvq hjjqvmobabq aeo gemj } pjhzaamño hj qmhpb ) Xeqxbq hj gemj aeo ozjqxpeq wmoeqabpbijkmtbheq ) Keq èkjxzq hj jqxb xjivepbhb+ qbkxjbheq aeo anmvmpeojq } pjnecbhe aeobde ) Qjxbq hj Xjivepbhb b kb vkboanb/

Bqbheq hj Aephjpe kjanbk } Aeanmomkke bk nepoe hj kjòb ajoxjobpme4

» hj kjanbk bqbhe+ 0 vjpqeobq ) ¹ aeanmomkke bqbhe+ 0 ñ 1 vjpqeobq ) Pbamño hj kjanbk )Pbamño hj aeanmomkke ) Qekeimkke hj @zj} baeivbòbhe hj xmi`bk hj vbxbxbq pjwekaeojq )



22=

Keie hj `zj} b kb vbppmkkb ) Abpoj hj @zj} bk nmjppe aeo vbxbxbq gpmxbq .Vbpb heqvjpqeobq-

Hj kbq Aeqxmkkbq hj ozjqxpeq kjanbkjq } qmjivpj baeivbòbheq hj vbvb

gpmxbq4 Kbq Anzkjxmkkbq b kb vkboanb ) Kbq Anzkjxmkkbq pmteq .apzdmjoxjq+ gpmxbq jo bajmxj hjekmwb-Hj kb ibp4 Keie hj Ijpkztb b kb vkboanb aeo wmobcpjxb qzbwj hj bde }

czmohmkkb ) @babkbe hjqbkbhe jo qbkqb Wmtabéob ) Ijhbkkeojq hj wmjmpb } pbvj+ qmogeoéb hjqjxbq } pjhzaamño hj qmhpb ) Hjkmambq hj ijpkztb jo qbkqb wjphj aeo cbi`bq } btbgpâo/

] hj veqxpj4 Bppet aeo kjanj apjieqe } aepbtño hj gpzxb hj kb vbqmño )Xbpxb hj iezqj hj xpjq aneaekbxjq ) Gkbo hj rzjqe bk abpbijke ) Xbxéo hj Ibotbobabkmjoxj qe`pj zob `bqj hj nedbkhpj bpxjqboe ) Ozjqxpe xpbhmameobk veoanj Qjcewmboe hjkVjhpzqae ) @pesomj hj aneaekbxj abkmjoxj `bòbohe jo aneaekbxj ) Jk xeamomkke hj amjkeaeo }eczpx obxzpbk abqjpe/

Gzmieq Abpkeq Vípjt ‑ Abpkñ Hébt+ ozjqxpbq jqveqbq } }e+ bk czqxbpoeq b keq

heq jk aephjpe+ Abpkeq qj joxjpe rzj jo jqxj pjqxbzpboxj qjpwébo jk Aephjpe bk jqxmke hjQjvôkwjhb+ jk vpevmjxbpme oeq moqmqxmñ rzj jpb hj kb pbtb anzppb/

Jk aephjpe hj Qjvôkwjhb qj jkbèpb aeo aephjpe hj pbtb anzppb bkmijoxbheaeo keq vbqxeq hjk wbkkj hjk Hzpbxño/ Qj joazjoxpb jo kb aeibpab hj Qjvôkwjhb+ Vjhpbtb }kbq Neajq hjk Hzpbxño+ ke rzj vjpimxj rzj keq bqbhepjq vzjhbo aeoxpekbp kb abkmhbh/ JoJqvbòb j~mqxjo izanbq pbtbq hj aephjpe+ abqxjkkbobq+ ijpmobq+ edbkbhbq+ anzppbq+ jxa/

µVep rzí qj jkbèpb jk aephjpe aeo pbtb anzppb5 Vzjq b vjqbp hj rzj abhbwjt qj apéb jo Jqvbòb ijoep aboxmhbh hj jdjivkbpjq hj aephjpe hj pbtb anzppb veppbteojq jaeoñimabq .hb ijoeq abpoj- ke amjpxe jq rzj hb ijdep abkmhbh } zo ib}epqbèp/ Xbi`mío nb} rzj xjojp jo azjoxb rzj jq aephjpe kjanbk .kjanbte-+ jq hjamp qjbkmijoxb qeke hj kjanj/

Jk kjanbte anzppe bqbhe jo nepoeq hj kjòb .cjojpbkijoxj pe`kj- b kbibojpb xpbhmameobk } qñke bhjpjtbhb aeo bczb } qbk+ kj hb jqj qbèp abpbaxjpéqxmae/



206

Hjamp kb wjphbh ke vzjhj nbajp azbkrzmjp mhmexb/ Vbpb ijoxmp nbaj gbkxb mibcmobamño/



202

Eaxbwb teob ‛Pjxmpe’


:8 Abqb Pbgb Obpwâjt 7> 2 2 2


Jo kb teob hjk Pjxmpe+ qj joazjoxpb jk ijdep pjqxbzpboxj ‑ ibpmqrzjpébvbpb ié hj Ibhpmh/



200

Vjpheojo qmjivpj qzq jojimceq/ Vjpe ozoab ekwmhjo qzq oei`pjq /



201

:8/) ABQB PBGBObpwâjt 7> ) Pjxmpe

Jk pjqxbzpboxj Abqb Pbgb b`pmñ qzq vzjpxbq jo 2=:> jo kb abkkj Obpwâjt hjIbhpmh/

Jo brzjk xmjive jpb qmivkjijoxj zo `bp aeo weabamño ibpmqrzjpb/ Pbgb qjaeowmpxmñ jo zob pjqvjxbhb ibpmqrzjpéb rzj qmjivpj vpevzqe zob bivkmb qjkjaamñocbqxpeoñimab/

Qj gzj rzjhbohe vjrzjòb } pjrzmpmñ azbxpe bivkmbameojq+ nbqxb kkjcbp b kbbaxzbk/ B vjqbp hj kb cpbo weabamño ibpmqrzjpb+ keq bgmameobheq b kbq abpojq qmjivpj nboxjomhe ̀ zjobq veqm`mkmhbhjq jo Abqb Pbgb+ aeivkjxbhbq vep zo j~rzmqmxe dbiño/

Baxzbkijoxj kb hmpmcjo Pbgbjk } Imczjk Âocjk+ nmdeq hj keq gzohbhepjq+ rzjqmczjo vpjeazvbheq vep egpjajp b qzq ijqbq keq ijdepjq vjqabheq } ibpmqaeq hj kbq aeqxbqjqvbòekbq/



208

Jo jqxb jqvjamj hj

ijqb jq heohj qjqjoxb`b jk hzjòevbpb nbajp kbgbaxzpb } aeoxpekb`bkb `bppb } kb joxpbhbbk aeijhep/ B kbmtrzmjphb qj vzjhjwjp keq xb`zpjxjq/

]e apje rzj kbvpmijpb wjt rzj gzmgzj qe`pj jk bòe 36xjoéb rzj mp Ibhpmhb zoeq ae`peq hj kbAeoqxpzaxepb heohjxpb`bdb`b+ aeié jo

kb `bppb b `bqj hjxbvbq+ vjpaj`jq+cbi`bq } eqxpbq+ajpwjtb+ bk gmobk vjhézo abgí } zo kmaep+vjoqí rzj aeo kerzj aeqxe+ oe jpb hjpjam`e qbkmp aeo jkczqxe bk kmaep+ bqérzj vjhé zob eqxpb

qekb+ kb qb`epjj }ij ibpanj/ Kbqjczohb gzj aeo jk djgj iée hj kb Aeoqxpzaxepb } wekwé nbajp ke imqie aeo pjqvjaxe b kbEqxpb/ Hjqvzíq nj mhe wbpmbq wjajq moakzmhe aeo im jqveqb/ Jqxzwj ajpab hj 2: e 2> bòeqqmo wekwjp+ aeo im bimce Dzbo Njpoâohjt Vjpheie vep hjqcpbamb pjamjoxjijoxjgbkkjamhe+ jo zoeq hj keq wmbdjq rzj nmamieq dzoxe+ gzmieq b aeijp b abqb Pbgb+ kepjcjoxb`b keq nmdeq hjk gzohbhep/ Aeimieq iz} `mjo } bk gmobk hj keq kmaepjq } abgí+ vjhékb eqxpb aeppjqveohmjoxj } azbohe qbkébieq zoe hj keq hzjòeq ij vpjczoxe qm jpbabobpme+ kj aeoxjqxj rzj qm+ } gzj azbohe hmde rzj qz vbhpj kj hjaéb rzj nb`éb zo abobpmerzj xjoéb kb aeqxzi`pj hj vjhmp zob eqxpb azbohe qj m`b b mp/



20:

Oewjob teob+ ‛ Bkibcpe ‑ Anbi`jpé ’


:: Pjqxbzpboxj Kb Gbwepmxb Aewbppz`mbq 0: 1 1 1

:7 Pjqxbzpboxj Kb Cmpbkhb M Nbpxtjo`zan 2: 1 0 0:3 Pjqxbzpboxj Kb Cmpbkhb MM Nbpxtjo`zan 20 1 0 0


Kb Cmpbkhb M

Kb Cmpbkhb MM Kb Gbwepmxb



207

Zob wjt xjpimobhe jk dzjce+ jk pj} } jk vjño wzjkwjo b kb imqib abdb/



203

::/) PJQXBZPBOXJ KB GBWEPMXBAewbppz`mbq+ 0: ‑ .teob Bkibcpe ‑ Anbi`jpé-/

Sj` hjk pjqxbzpboxj

Zo aboxe b kb xpbhmamño obwbppb

Kb Gbwepmxb jq zo pjqxbzpboxj obwbppe qmxzbhe jo jk ajoxpe hj Ibhpmh jo zojhmgmame qmoczkbp hj keq bòeq 06 aeo dbphéo } wbpmeq jqvbameq pjqjpwbheq/

Vep kbq oeanjq hj kzojq b qâ`bhe moxjpwmjojo keq qekmqxbq hjk Cpzve

Evjpéqxmae hj Ibhpmh moxjpvpjxbohe gpbcijoxeq hj hmqxmoxbq ñvjpbq hj pjvjpxepme/Ke rzj iâq hjqxbab hj Kb Gbwepmxb jq kb bxiñqgjpb rzj qj apjb+ abhb héb }

abhb oeanj/ Xpbxbieq hj kecpbp rzj kb j~vjaxbxmwb apjbhb vep abhb vjpqeob rzj wmjoj+ qjazivkb } aeo apjajq/

Zo boxmcze vbkbajxj+ qmxzbhe jo jk oôijpe 0: hj kb ibhpmkjòb abkkjAewbppz`mbq+ nbaj kbq kb`epjq hj qjhj hj kb Gzohbamño Evjpéqxmab hj Obwbppb+ hj egmamobqhjk Cpzve Evjpéqxmae hj Ibhpmh } xbi`mío hj pjqxbzpboxj/

Vep kbq oeanjq jk keabk qj wmqxj hj cbkb4 kbq wjkbq aeimjotbo b hbp zo xerzjéoxmie } vbpxmazkbp/ Hj mivpewmqe+ jk vmbomqxb hb zo baephj rzj b xeheq kkbib kb bxjoamño} baxe qjczmhe jk abibpjpe rzj boxjq egpjaéb jk vbo+ jimxj zoeq njanmajpeq qeomheq } kbabibpjpb aeoxjqxb aeo expe nbt izqmabk+ kb qbkb qj rzjhb jo qmkjoame jqazanboheji`jkjqbhb jk momame hj zo gpbcijoxe evjpéqxmae/



20>

Gzmieq b ajobp im jqveqb }}e jk héb 0 hj b`pmk hjk 066:/Jqxb`b aboxbohe zobaboxboxj ojcpb azboheqe`pj kbq =48: iâq e ijoeq+vbpe kb baxzbamño vbpbhbpoeq kb qmczmjoxj oexmamb‛Kjq xjoce rzj mogepibprzj nb izjpxe jk VbvbDzbo Vb`ke MM+ bzorzj }eoe qe} apj}joxj+ ke qmjoxe

izane vep jk pjqvjxe }bhimpbamño rzj nb xjomhejo qz wmhb+ hjqaboqj joVbt’ } jivjtñ b aboxbp zoj~xpbaxe hj zo Pírzmji/Iz} jiexmwb vep kbqampazoqxboambq eazppmhbq/ Kbajob gzj iz} `zjob } `mjoqjpwmhb+ abpe/



20=

:7):3/) PJQXBZPBOXJ KB CMPBKHB M ) MM Nbpxtjo`zan 2: ) 20

Jo zo jqvbame vpmwmkjcmbhe hj Ibhpmh aeie jq jk `bppme hj Anbi`jpé+ qjjoazjoxpb jk pjqxbzpboxj Kb Cmpbkhb M+ jo jk o´ 2:+ zo ibcoégmae pjqxbzpboxj rzj gzj

gzohbhe jo 2=:: } rzj hb aeimjote bk pjqxe hj keq pjqxbzpboxj hjk cpzve Kb Cmpbkhb/Gpjoxj jo jk o´ 20 jqxb Kb CmpbkhbMM+ keq vkbxeq qeo qmimkbpjq/Aeo zob hjkmameqb aeimhbbohbkztb } xpbhmameobk+ jqxjpjqxbzpboxj hjqxbab vep qzjqvjambkmhbh jo gpmxzpbq hjvjqabhe } jo kbq xbvbq xévmabqbohbkztbq vbpb aeoqzimp jo`bppb/ Jqxj pjqxbzpboxj jq zo

necbp cbqxpeoñimae bk qjpwmamehj keq biboxjq hj kb `zjobaeamob bohbkztb } xpbhmameobk/Kb Cmpbkhb M vpevepameob b xeheqqzq akmjoxjq zo moapjé`kj qjpwmame

} kb veqm`mkmhbh hj pjbkmtbp ajkj`pbameojq jo qzq baecjhepjq qbkeojq rzj qmo hzhb xjnbpâo qjoxmp jo vkjob Bohbkzaéb/ Keq biboxjq hjk wmoe } hjk `zjo aeijp xmjojo zo amxb joKb Cmpbkhb M/

Kb vpmijpb gexecpbgéb jq Kb Cmpbkhb M} kb qmczmjoxj Kb Cmpbkhb MM/Boxeome Ibppjpe } }e gzmieq b kb`ehb hj kb nmdb hj zo cpbo bimce jojk bòe 2==0+ zob hj kbq wjajq rzjgzmieq b xeibpoeq jk bvjpmxmwehjqaz`pmieq jqxj pjqxbzpboxj ‛KbCmpbkhb M’+ oeq vzqmieq jo kb `bppb+vjhmieq zobq ajpwjtbq } zo vmoanehj boaneb+ }e oe nb`éb wmqxe zobqboanebq xbo cpbohjq } aeo czqxe

`zjoéqmie+ bk vpjczoxbpkj hj heohjjpbo+ oeq hmde rzj jpbo boanebq hjkAboxâ`pmae jo qbkizjpb+ kbq kbwb`bo

} kbq vpjvbpb`bo/ Oeq hmde rzj kbq wjohébq jo kbxbq cpbohjq jo qbkizjpb jo zo keabk hj kbVkbtb Ib}ep jqvjambkmtbhe jo qbkbteojq } `babkbeq/ Aeivpbieq zo vbp hj kbxbq } kbqxpbdmieq vbpb Abobpmbq



216

Hjamib teob+ ‛ Wbpmbq’

Jo jqxb teob rzj qeo wbpmbq jqxâo moakzmheq zob qjpmj hj keabkjq+ b keq

azbkjq njieq joxpbhe vbpb hjqb}zobp e xeibp zo bvjpmxmwe aeie qeo kbq abgjxjpébqOj`pbqlb+ xbqabq vjrzjòbq rzj oe ij bazjphe hjk oei`pj jxa/

Jo kb gmjqxb hj kb Wmpcjo hj kb Vbkeib+ vep kb ibòbob+ aeo keq gbieqeq anzppeqibhpmkjòeq

Jo kb abkkj Vpmoamvj o´2>+ jqxb qmxzbhb jqxbAjpwjajpmb rzj gb`pmabqz vpevmb ajpwjtb ‛moqmxz’ hj gepib

bpxjqbobp+ xmjoj`zjobq xbvbq+ wbkj kbvjob wmqxbpkb



212

Jo kb imqib abkkj Wmaxepmb 20 Abqb hjk B`zjke+ zoe hj keq keabkjq gbieqeq hj Ibhpmh

Jo kb Vkbtb Vzjpxb hj Iepeq+ 3+ qj joazjoxpb jqxb xjppbtb vjpxjojamjoxj bk PjqxbzpboxjKb Izpbkkb/ Azbohe jqxbq aboqbhe qmjivpj wmjoj `mjo zob ajpwjtb } zob xbvb/ Jo kbgbanbhb xmjoj zo abpxjk rzj hmaj ‛ Jo jk moxjpmep nb} ijqbq vbpb qjpwmp pbameojq’+ aeo keazbk oe vzjhjq qjoxbpxj jo jk moxjpmep qmoe vmhj pbameojq/



210

Abgjxjpmb Oj`pbqlb jo kb Cpbo Wéb ::+ jqxb `mjo vbpb zo hjqb}zoe pbvmhe

Ajpwjajpmb jo kb Vkbtb Xmpqe hj Iekmob+ oe jq iz} `zjob+ oeq qjoxbieq veprzj gzmieq bkXjbxpe b wjp Tbptzjkb



Jo kb abkkj Nzjpxb o´ 7= kb ajpwjajpéb ‛Jk Hmbpme hj Nzjpxb’ zo akâqmae jo Ibhpmh+ `zjobajpwjtb } `zjobq xbvbq } zo vpjame `bqxboxj bajvxb`kj/ Ij aeijoxbpeo rzjvpñ~mibijoxj m`bo b veojp qmhpb obxzpbk

comer en madrid. mis viajes

Documents