Commissioner Lin Zexu burning opium at Humen

Signing of the Treaty of Nanking

The Sino-Japanese War: the battle scene

The Sino-Japanese War: the sunken ships

Sino-Japanese War: the occupied fortress

Empress Dowager Cixi ( 慈禧太后 ; pinyin: Cíxǐ Tàihòu;

Wade-Giles: Tz'u-Hsi T'ai-hou) (1835 –1908)

The Guangxu Emperor ( 光緒帝 ) (August 14, 1871–November 14, 1908), born Zaitian ( 載湉 ), was the tenth emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty, and the ninth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. His reign lasted from 1875 to 1908, but in practice he ruled, under Empress Dowager Cixi's influence, from 1889 to 1898. He initiated the Hundred Days' Reform, but was abruptly stopped when Cixi launched a coup in 1898, after which he was put under house arrest until his death. His reign name means "The Glorious Succession".

Kang Youwei (Chinese: 康有為 ; March 19, 1858–March 31, 1927), born in Foshan, Guangdong, was a Chinese scholar, noted

calligrapher and political reformist.

Liang Qichao (Chinese: 梁啟超 , Liáng Qǐchāo; Courtesy: Zhuoru, 卓如 ; Pseudonym: Rengong, 任公 ) (February 23, 1873–January 19, 1929) was a Chinese scholar, journalist, philosopher and reformist during the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911), who inspired Chinese scholars with his writings and reform movements. He died of illness in Beijing at the age of 55.

Chen Jitong 陳季同 (1852-1907), leading civilian reformer, famous late Qing diplomat and the first Chinese who published in Western languages to introduce Chinese culture.

Xue Jia yin 學賈吟 (Chanting after Jia Yi) Chen Jitong’s poetic manuscript

Xue Shaohui 薛紹徽 (1866-1911), leading contributor to the 1898 Nü xuebao

The 1898 Nü xuebao (12 issues, July 24 to late

October 1898)

The 1897 Nü xuehui 女學會 (Women’s Study Society, founded December 6, 1897) (Nü xuebao 2 [August 3, 1898])

The class scene of the first Chinese girls’

school, Shanghai, May, 1898

The cover (inscribed by Shoupeng’s elder brother, the legendary diplomat Chen Jitong [1852-1907]) and the 1st page of the WGLNZ

Men’s queues 1

Men’s queues 2

Old Chinese school

Western Styled Chinese boys’ school

Chinese girls’ school established

by Western missionaries

First Chinese girls’ college, established by Western missionaries

Sun Yat-sen 孫中山 ; Pinyin: Sūn Zhōngshān; or "Sun Yixian"

(Pinyin: Sūn Yìxiān) (November 12, 1866 – March 12, 1925)

Lu Xun (Lu Hsün) 魯迅 , penname of Zhou Shuren (Chou

Shu-jen) 周樹人 (1881-1936)

Qian Xuantong (traditional Chinese: 錢玄同 ; simplified Chinese: 钱玄同 ; pinyin: Qián Xuántóng (1887—

1939

Li Yaotang ( 李堯棠 November 25, 1904 – October 17, 2005), courtesy name Feigan ( 芾甘 ), is considered to be one of the most important and widely-read Chinese writers of the 20th century. He wrote under the pen name of Ba Jin ( 巴金 , also Pa Chin), allegedly taking his pseudonym from Russian anarchists Bakunin and Kropotkin.

沈從文 pinyin: Shěn Cóngwén; Wade-Giles: Shen Ts'ung-wen, December 28,

1902—May 10, 1988)